Maha SET 2024 Exam – Dates, Application Form, Admit Card, Result, Eligibility, Syllabus, Preparation Tips

Hindi: Unit 01

Hindi: Unit 02

Hindi: Unit 03

Hindi: Unit 04

Hindi: Unit 05

Hindi: Unit 06

Hindi: Unit 07

Hindi: Unit 08

Hindi: Unit 09

Hindi: Unit 10

Hindi: Unit 11

English: Unit 01

English: Unit 02

English: Unit 03

English: Unit 04

English: Unit 05

• Basic concepts, theories, and pedagogy
• English in use

English: Unit 06

• History, evolution, and futures

English: Unit 07

English: Unit 08

English: Unit 09

English: Unit 10

Sanskrit: Unit 01

• General introduction of Vedic literature: Main theories regarding the Vedās-Maxmüller; A. Weber; Jacobi; Balgangadhar Tilak; M. Winternitz; Indian traditional views. Saṁhitā literature, dialogue hymns: Pururavā-Urvaśī; Yama-Yamī; Saramā-Paṇi
• General introduction of Vedic literature: Viśvāmitra-Nadī, Brāhamaṇa-literature, Araṇyaka literature, Vedāṅgas: Sikșā; Kalpa; Vyākaraṇa; Nirukta; Chandas; Jyotișa

Sanskrit: Unit 02

• Study of the following hymns: (a) Ŗgveda-Agni (1.1); Varuṇa (1.25); Sūrya (1.125); Indra (2.12); Uṣas (3.61); Parjanya (5.83); Kitava (10.34); Jñāna (10.71); Puruṣa (10.90); Hiraṇyagarbha (10.121); Vāk (10.125); Nāsadīya (10.129)
• Study of the following hymns: (b) Śuklayajurveda-Sivasaṁkalpa, chapter-34 (1-6), (c) Prajāpati-chapter-23 (1-5), (d) Atharvaveda: Rāṣṭrābhivardhanam (1.29); Kāla (10.53); Prithivī (12.1)
• Brāhmaṇa literature: Subject-matter; Vidhi and its types; Agnihotra; Agniṣṭoma; Darśapūrṇamāsa; Yajña; Pañcamahāyajña; Akhyāna (Sunahśepa, Vāṅmanas)
• Upaniṣad literature: (a) Subject-matter and main concepts with special reference to the following Upaniṣads; (b) Iśa; Kaṭha; Kena; Bṛhadārṇyaka; Taittirīya; Svetāśvatara
• Vedic grammar; Nirukta and Vedic interpretation
• Ṛkprātiśākhya: Definitions of Samānākṣara; Sandhyakṣara; Aghoṣa; Soṣman; Svarabhakti; Yama; Rakta; Saṁyoga; Pragṛhya; Riphita
• Nirukta (chapters-I and 2)
• Four-fold division of padas-concept of Nāma; concept of Akhyāta; meaning of Upasargas; categories of Nipātas
• Purposes of the study of Nirukta
• Principles of etymology
• Etymology of the following words: Āchārya; Vīra; Hrada; Go; Samudra; Vṛtra; Aditya; Uṣas; Megha; Vāk; Udak; Nadī; Aśva; Agni; Jātavedas; Vaiśvānara; Nighaṇtu, Nirukta; Daivatakāṇḍa), Vedic accent-Udātta, Anudātta, and Svarita

Sanskrit: Unit 03

• General introduction of major schools of Darśana with special reference to the following: Pramāṇamīmānsā; Tattvamīmānsā; Acāramīmānsā (Cārvāka, Jaina, Bauddha) Nyāya, Sāṁkhya, Yoga, Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Mīmānsā

Sanskrit: Unit 04

• Īśvarakṛṣna: Sāṁkhyakārikā-Satkāryavāda, Puruṣasvarūpa, Prakṛtisvarūpa, Sṛștikrama, Pratyaysarga, Kaivalya
• Sadānanda: Vedāntasāra-Anubandha-Catuṣṭaya, Ajñāna, Adhyāropa-Apavāda, Lingaśarīrotpatti, Pañcīkaraṇa, Vivarta, Jīvanmukti, Annambhaṭṭa, Tarkasaṁgraha/ Keśavamiśra; Tarkabhāṣā: Padārtha; Kāraṇa; Pramāṇa; (Pratyakṣa; Anumāna; Upamāna; Sabda)
• Sadānanda: Prāmāṇyavāda, Prameya
• Laugākṣibhāskara; Arthasaṁgraha
• Patañjali; Yogasūtra-(Vyāsabhāṣya): Cittabhūmi, Cittavṛttis; concept of Iśvara; Yogāṅgas; Samādhi; Kaivalya, Bādarāyaṇa; Brahmasūtra 1.1 (Sānkarabhāṣya), Viśvanāthapañcānana; Nyāyasidhāntamuktāvalī (Anumāna Khaṇḍa), Sarvadarśana-Saṁgraha; Jainism
• Buddhism

Sanskrit: Unit 05

• General introduction of the following grammarians: (a) Panini, Katyayana, Patanjali, Bhartrhari, Vamanajayaditya, Bhattojidiksita, Nagesabhatta, Kaiyyata, Jainendra, Sakaṭayana, Hemacandrasuri, Sarasvatavyakaranakara, (b) Paniniya Siksa
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (c) Linguistics-definition of language, geneological and morphological classification of languages, speech mechanism and classification of sounds: Stops, fricatives
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (c) Linguistics-speech mechanism and classification of sounds: Semi-vowels and vowels (with special reference to Sanskrit sounds). (d) Phonetic laws (Grimm, Grassman, Verner)
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (e) Directions of semantic change and reasons of change. (f) Definition of Vakya and its types, (g) general introduction of Indo-European family of languages
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (h) Difference between Vedic Sanskrit and classical Sanskrit, (i) difference between Bhasa and Vak, (j) difference between language and dialect

Sanskrit: Unit 06

• Definition: Saṁhitā, Saṁyoga Guṇa, Vṛddhi, Prātipadika, Nadī, Ghi, Upadhā, Apṛkta, Gati, Pada, Vibhāṣā, Savarṇa, Ti, Pragṛhya, Sarvanāmasthāna, Bha, Sarvanāma, Niṣthā
• Sandhi: AC Sandhi, Hal Sandhi, Visarga Sandh (according to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī), Subanta-Ajanta-Rāma, Sarva (in all genders), Viśvapā, Hari, Tri (in all genders), Sakhi, Sudhī, Guru, Pitṛ, Gau, Ramā, Mati, Nadī, Dhenu, Mātṛ, Jñāna, Vāri, Madhu
• Halanta: Lih, Viśvavāh, Catur (in all genders), Idam, Kim, Tad (in all genders), Rājan, Maghavan, Pathin, Vidvas, Asmad, Yuṣmad
• Samasa: Avyayibhava, Tatpurusa, Bahuvrihi, Dvandva (according to Laghusiddhantakaumudi), Taddhita-Apatyarthaka and Matvarthīya (according to Siddantakaumudi), Tinanta-Bhu, Edh, Ad, Us, Hu, Div, Sun, Tud, Tan, Kr, Rudh, Krin, Cur
• Prayayānta: Nijant, Sannanta, Yańanta, Yańluganta, Nāmdhātu
• Kṛdanta: Tavya/ Tavyat , Anīyar, Yat, Nyat, Lyap, Satṛ, Sānac, Ktvā, Kta, Ktavatu, Tumun, Namul
• Strīpratyaya: According to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī
• Kāraka Prakarana: According to Siddāntakaumudī
• Parasmaipada and Atmanepada Vidhāna: According to Siddāntakaumudī
• Mahābhāșya (Paspaśāhnika): Definition of Sabda, relation between Sabda and Artha, purposes of the study of grammar, definition of Vyākaraṇa, result of the proper use of word, method of grammar
• Vākyapadīyam (Brahmakāṇḍa): Nature of Sphoṭa, nature of Sabda-Brahma, powers of Sabda-Brahma, relation between Sphoṭa and Dhvani, relation between Sabda and Artha, types of Dhvani, levels of language

Sanskrit: Unit 07

• General introduction of following: (a) Bhasa, Asvaghosa, Kalidasa, Sudraka, Visakhadatta, Bharavi, Magha, Harsa, Banabhatta, Dandin, Bhavabhuti, Bhattanarayana, Bhilhana, Shriharsa, Ambikadatta Vyasa, Pandita Kṣamarao, V. Raghavan
• General introduction of following: (a) Shri Dhar Bhaskar Varnekar, (b) schools of Sanskrit poetics-Rasa, Alankara, Riti, Dhwani, Vakrokti, Aucitya, (c) western poetics-Aristotle, Longinus, Croche

Sanskrit: Unit 08

• Poetry: Buddhacaritam (First Canto), Raghuvaṁśam (First Canto), Kirātārjunīyam (First Canto), Śiśupālavadham (First Canto), Naiṣadhīyacaritam (First Canto)
• Drama: Svapnavāsavadattām, Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Mṛcchakaṭikam, Uttararāmacaritam, Mudrārākṣasam, Uttararāmacaritam, Ratnāvalī
• Prose: Daśakumāracaritam (viii Ucchvāsa), Harṣacaritam (V Ucchvāsa), Kādambarī (Sukanāsopadeśa)
• Campū Kāvya-Nala Campū (I Ucchvāsa)
• Sāhityadarpaṇaḥ: Definition of Kāvya, refutation of other definitions of Kāvya, Sabdaśakti-Saṅketagraha; Abhidhā; Lakṣanā; Vyanjanā, Kāvyabheda (chapter fourth), Sravyakāvya (prose poetry and mix
• Kāvyaprakaśa-Kāvyalakṣhṇa, Kāvyaprayojana, Kāvyahetu, Kāvyabheda, Sabdaśakti, Abhihitānvayavāda, Anvitābhidhānvayavāda, concept of Rasa, discussion of Rasasūtra, Rasadoṣa, Kāvyaguṇa, Vyanjanāvriti (fifth chapter)
• Alamkaras-Vakrokti; Anuprasa, Yamaka, Slesa, Upama, Rupaka, Utpreksa, Samasokti, Apahnuti, Nidarsana, Arthantaranyasa, Drstanta, Vibhavana, Visesokti, Svabhavokti, Virodhabhasa, Sankara,
• Dhvanyāloka (I Udyota), Vakroktijīvitam (I Unmeṣa), Bharata-nāṭyaśāstram (first and sixth chapter), Daśarūpakam (first and third Prakāśa)
• Chanda-Arya, Anustup, Indravajra, Upendravajra, Vasantatilaka, Upajati, Vamsastha, Drutavilambita, Salini, Malini, Sikharni, Mandakranta, Harini, Sardulavikridita, Sragdhara
• Kauṭilīya Arthaśātra (first-Vinayadikarika)
• Manusmṛti (I, II and VII Adhyāyas)
• Yājñavalkyasmṛti (Vyavahārādhyaya only)
• Paleography and inscriptions: (a) Brahmi script of Mauryan and Gupta periods, (b) inscription of Ashoka-major rock edicts, major pillar edicts, (c) post-Mauryan inscriptions-Sāranātha Buddhist image inscription of Kaniṣka’s regal-year, 3
• Paleography and inscriptions: (c) post-Mauryan inscriptions-Girnār rock inscription of Rudradāman, Hāthīgumphā inscription of Khāravela, (d) Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions-Allahabad pillar inscriptions of Samudragupta
• Paleography and inscriptions: (d) Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions-Mandasor pillar inscription of Yasodharman, Banāskherā copper plate inscription of Harṣa, paleography and inscriptions-Aihole stone inscription of Pulakeśīn II

Sanskrit: Unit 09

• General introduction of the followings: (a) Rāmāyaṇa-subject matter, age, society in the Rāmāyaṇa, Rāmāyaṇa as a source of later Sanskrit works and literal value of the Rāmāyaṇa, legends in the Rāmāyaṇa
• General introduction of the followings: (b) Mahābhārata-subject matter, age, society in the Mahābhārata, Mahābhārata as a source of later Sanskrit works and literal value of the Mahābhārata, legends in the Mahābhārata
• General introduction of the followings: (c) Purana-definition of Purana, Maha Purana and Upa Puranas, Puranic cosmology and Puranic legends, (d) general introduction of main Smritis, (e) general introduction Kauṭiliya Arthasastra
• General introduction of the followings: (f) Paleography-history of the decipherment of Brahmi script, theories of the origin of Brahmi script, (g) inscriptions-general introduction

History: Unit 01

• Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, and numismatics
• Dating of archaeological sites
• Literary sources: Indigenous literature-primary and secondary, problem of dating religious and secular literature, myths, legends, etc
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arabic
• Pastoralism and food production: Neolithic and chalcolithic phase-settlement, distribution, tools, and patterns of exchange
• Indus/ Harappa civilization: Origin, extent, major sites, settlement pattern, craft specialization, religion, society and polity, decline of Indus civilization, internal and external trade, first urbanization in India
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Aryan debates, political and social institutions, state structure and theories of state; emergence of varnas and social stratification, religious and philosophical ideas. Introduction of iron technology
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Megaliths of south India
• Expansion of state system: Mahajanapadas, monarchical and republican states, economic and social developments and emergence of second urbanization in 6th century BCE; emergence of heterodox sects-Jainism, Buddhism, and Ajivikas

History: Unit 02

• Rise of Magadha, Greek invasion under Alexander and its effects, Mauryan expansion, Mauryan polity, society, economy, Ahsoka’s Dhamma and its nature, decline, and disintegration of the Mauryan empire, Mauyan art, and architecture
• Ashokan edicts: Language and script
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Indo-Greeks, Sungas, Satavahanas, Kushanas, and Saka-Ksatrapas, Sangam literature, polity and society in south India as reflected in Sangam literature
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Trade and commerce from 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE, trade with the roman world, emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, Kharavela, and Jainism, post-Mauryan art and architecture
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Gandhara, Mathura, and Amravati schools
• Gupta Vakataka age: Polity and Society, Agrarian Economy, Land Grants, Land Revenue and Land Rights, Gupta Coins, Beginning of Temple Architecture, Emergence of Puranic Hinduism, Development of Sanskrit Language and Literature
• Gupta Vakataka age: Developments in science technology, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine
• Harsha and his times: Administration and religion
• Salankayanas and Visnukundins in Andhradesa

History: Unit 03

• Kingdoms in Deccan: Gangas, Kadmabas, western and eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Kalyani Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Yadavas
• Kingdoms in south India: Pallavas, Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas
• Kingdoms in eastern India: Palas and senas of Bengal, Varmans of Kamarupa, Bhaumakaras, and Somavamsis of Odisha
• Kingdoms in western India: Maitrakas of Vallabhi and Chalukyas of Gujarat
• Kingdoms in north India: Gurjara-pratiharas, Kalacuri-Chedis, Gahadavalas, and Paramaras
• Characteristics of early medieval India: Administration and political structure legitimation of kingship
• Agrarian economy; land grants, changing production relations; graded land rights and peasantry, water resources, taxation system, coins, and currency system
• Trade and urbanization: Patterns of trade, and urban settlements, ports and trade routes, merchandise and exchange, trade guilds; trade and colonization in southeast Asia
• Growth of Brahminical religions; Vaisnavism and Saivism; temples; patronage and regional ramification; temple architecture and regional styles
• Dana, tirtha, and bhakti, Tamil bhakti movement-Shankara, Madhava, and Ramanujacharya
• Society: Varna, jati and proliferation of castes, position of women; gender, marriage, and property relations; women in public life. Tribes as peasants and their place in Varna order. Untouchability
• Education and educational institutions: Agraharas, Mathas, and Mahaviharas as centers of education. Growth of regional languages
• Debates of state formation in early medieval India: Feudal model; segmentary model; integrative model
• Arab contracts: Suleiman Ghaznavid conquests. Alberuni’s accounts

History: Unit 04

• Archaeological, epigraphic, and numismatic sources, material evidences and monuments; chronicles; literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages; Daftar khannas: Firmans, Bahis/ Pothis/ Akhbarat; foreign travellers’ accounts-Persian and Arabic
• Political developments: The Delhi Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids, and the Lodis. Decline of Delhi sultanate
• Foundation of the Mughal empire: Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion and consolidation from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire
• Later mughals and disintegration of the mughal empire
• The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-Deccan sultanate; Bijapur, Golkonda, Bidar, Berar, and Ahmednagar-rise, expansion, and disintegration; eastern Gangas and Suryavamshi Gajapatis
• Rise of the Marathas and the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its expansion under the Peshwas; Mughal-Maratha relations, Maratha confederacy, causes of decline

History: Unit 05

• Administration under the sultanate, nature of state-theocratic and the centric, central, provincial, and local administration, law of succession
• Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal administration-central, provincial, and local: Mansabdari and Jagirdari systems
• Administrative system in the Deccan-the Vijayanagara state and polity, Bahamani administrative system; Maratha administration asta pradhan
• Frontier policies under Delhi sultanate and Mughals
• Inter-state relations during the sultanate and the Mughals
• Agricultural production and irrigation system, village economy, peasantry, grants, and agricultural loans, urbanization, and demographic structure
• Industries-Cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, and technology
• Trade and commerce-state policies, internal and external trade: European trade, trade centers, and ports, transport and communication
• Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance, state income and expenditure, currency, mint system; famines and peasant revolts

History: Unit 06

• Social organization and social structure
• The Sufis-their orders, beliefs, and practices, the leading Sufi saints, social synchronization
• Bhakti movement-Shaivism; Vaishnavism, Shaktism
• The saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on sociopolitical and religious life-women saints of medieval India
• The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev: His teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
• Social classification: Ruling class, major religious groups, the ulemas, the mercantile, and professional classes-rajput society
• Rural society-Petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators, and non-cultivating classes, artisans
• Position of women-Zanana system, Devadasi system
• Development of education centers of education and curriculum, Madarasa education
• Fine arts-major schools of painting-Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari, Garhwali; development of music
• Art and architecture, Indo-Islamic architecture, Mughal architecture, regional styles
• Indo-Arabic architecture, Mughal gardens, Maratha forts, shrines, and temples

History: Unit 07

• Archival materials, biographies, and memoirs, newspapers, oral evidence, creative literature, and painting, monuments, coins
• Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 16th to 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French, and the British
• Establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
• British relations with principal Indian states-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Carnatic, and Punjab
• Revolt of 1857, causes, nature, and impact
• Administration of the company and the crown; evolution of central and provincial structure under east India company
• Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police and the army under the company; British policy and paramountcy in the princely states under the crown
• Local self-government
• Constitutional changes, 1909-1935

History: Unit 08

• Changing composition, volume, and direction of trade
• Expansion and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour, irrigation, and canal system
• Decline of industries-changing socioeconomic conditions of artisans; DE-urbanization; economic drain; world wars and economy
• British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements
• Monetary policy, banking, currency, and exchange, railways and road transport, communications-post and telegraph
• Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture, urban society and urban problems
• Famines, epidemics, and the government policy
• Tribal and peasant movements
• Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions and missionaries; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities
• The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language; development of science, technology, public health and medicine-towards modernism
• Indian renaissance-socioreligious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility
• Women’s question-nationalist discourse; women’s organizations; British legislation concerning women, gender identity and constitutional position
• The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
• Modernization of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music, and performing arts

History: Unit 09

• Social and economic basis of nationalism
• Birth of Indian national congress: Ideologies and programmes of the Indian national congress, 1885-1920: Early nationalists, assertive nationalists, and revolutionaries
• Swadeshi and Swaraj
• Gandhian mass movements; Subas Chandra Bose and INA; role of middle class in national movement; women participation in national movement
• Left wing politics
• Depressed class movement
• Communal politics; muslim league and genesis of Pakistan
• Towards independence and partition
• India after independence: Challenges of partition; integration of the Indian princely states; Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh
• B.R. Ambedkar-The making of the Indian constitution, its features
• The structure of bureaucracy
• New education policy
• Economic policies and the planning process; development, displacement, and tribal issues
• Linguistic reorganization of states; centre-state relations
• Foreign policy initiatives-Panchsheel; dynamics of Indian politics-emergency; liberalization, privatization, and globalization of Indian economy

History: Unit 10

• Scope and importance of history, objectivity, and bias in history, heuristics operation, criticism in history, synthesis, and presentation, history and its auxiliary sciences, history a science, arts or a social science
• Causation and imagination in history, significance of regional history, recent trends of Indian history, research methodology, hypothesis in history, area of proposed research, sources-data collection, primary/ secondary, original, and transit sources
• Trends in historical research, recent Indian historiography, selection of topic in history, notes taking, references, footnotes, and bibliography, thesis and assignment writing, plagiarism, intellectual dishonesty, and history writing
• Beginnings of historical writings-Greek, Roman, and Church historiography, renaissance, and its impact on history writing, negative and positive schools of historical writing, Berlin revolution in history writing-Von Ranke
• Marxist philosophy of history-scientific materialism, cyclical theory of history-Oswald Spengler, challenge and response theory-Arnold Joseph Toynbee, post-modernism in history

Economics: Unit 01

• Theory of consumer behaviour, theory of production and costs, decision making under uncertainty attitude towards risk, game theory-non cooperative games, market structures, competitive and non-competitive equilibrium, and their efficiency properties
• Factor pricing, general equilibrium analysis, efficiency criteria: Pareto-optimality, Kaldor-Hicks, and wealth maximization, welfare economics: Fundamental theorems, social welfare function, asymmetric information: Adverse selection and moral hazard

Economics: Unit 02

• National income: Concepts and measurement, determination of output and employment: Classical and Keynesian approach, consumption function, investment function, multiplier and accelerator, demand for money, supply of money, IS-LM model approach
• Inflation and Phillips curve analysis, business cycles, monetary and fiscal policy, rational expectation hypothesis and its critique

Economics: Unit 03

• Probability theory: Concepts of probability, distributions, moments, central limit theorem, descriptive statistics-measures of central tendency and dispersions, correlation, index numbers, sampling methods and sampling distribution
• Statistical inferences, hypothesis testing, linear regression models and their properties-blue, identification problem, simultaneous equation models-recursive and non-recursive, discrete choice models, time series analysis

Economics: Unit 04

• Sets, functions, and continuity, sequence, series, differential calculus and its applications, linear algebra-matrices, vector spaces, static optimization problems, and their applications, input-output model, linear programming
• Difference and differential equations with applications

Economics: Unit 05

• International trade: Basic concepts and analytical tools, theories of international trade, international trade under imperfect competition, balance of payments: Composition, equilibrium and disequilibrium, and adjustment mechanisms
• Exchange rate: Concepts and theories, foreign exchange market and arbitrage, gains from trade, terms of trade, trade multiplier, tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade; dumping, GATT, WTO, and regional trade blocks; trade policy issues
• IMF and world bank

Economics: Unit 06

• Market failure and remedial measures: Asymmetric information, public goods, externality, regulation of market-collusion and consumers’ welfare
• Public revenue: Tax and non-tax revenue, direct and indirect taxes, progressive and non-progressive taxation, incidence, and effects of taxation, public expenditure, public debt and its management, public budget and budget multiplier
• Fiscal policy and its implications

Economics: Unit 07

• Components of Money Supply, Central Bank, Commercial Banking, Instruments and Working of Monetary Policy, Non-banking Financial Institutions, Capital Market and its Regulation

Economics: Unit 08

• Economic growth and economic development, theories of economic development: Adam Smith, Ricardo, Marx, Schumpeter, Rostow, balanced and unbalanced growth, big push approach
• Models of economic growth: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Robinson, Kaldor, technical progress-disembodied and embodied; endogenous growth, indicators of economic development: PQLI, HDI, SDGS, poverty and inequalities-concepts and measurement
• Social sector development: health, education, gender

Economics: Unit 09

• Environment as a public good, market failure, Coase theorem, cost-benefit analysis and compensation criteria, valuation of environmental goods, theories of population, concepts and measures: Fertility, morbidity, mortality
• Age structure, demographic dividend, life table, migration

Economics: Unit 10

• Economic growth in India: Pattern and structure, agriculture: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, industry: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses
• Services: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, rural development-issues, challenges, and policy responses, urban development-issues, challenges, and policy responses
• Foreign trade: Structure and direction, bop, flow of foreign capital, trade policies, infrastructure development: Physical and social; public-private partnerships, reforms in land, labour, and capital markets
• Centre-state financial relations and finance commissions of India; FRBM, Poverty, inequality, and unemployment

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Vedic and Upanisadic: Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of Yajna (sacrifice), theories of creation Atman-self (and not-self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti, and Turiya, Brahmaṇ
• Cārvāka: Pratyakṣa as the only Pramāṇa, critique of Anumāna and Sabda, consciousness as epi-phenomenon
• Jainism: Concept of reality-Sat, Dravya, Guṇa, Paryāya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekāntavāda, Syādvāda and Nayavāda; theory of knowledge
• Buddhism: Four noble truths, Astangika Marga, distinction between Brahminic and Sraminic traditions. Pratityasamutpada, Ksnabhahgavada, Anatmavada. Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Madhyamika, and Tibetan Buddhism
• Nyāya: Pramā and Apramā, theories of Pramāṇa: Pratyakṣa, Anumāna, Upamana, Sabda. Hetvabhāsa. Concept of God. Debate between Buddhism and Nyāya about Pramāṇa-Vyavasthā and Pramāṇa Samplava. Anyathākhyati
• Vaiśeṣika: Concept of Padārtha and its kinds, Asatkāryavāda, kinds of Kāraṇa: Samavāyi, Asamavāyi, and Nimitta Kāraṇa, Paramaṇukaraṇavāda
• Sāṃkhya: Satkāryavāda, Prakṛti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakṛti, nature of Puruṣa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Puruṣa, relationship between Puruṣa and Prakṛti, atheism
• Yoga: Patanjali’s theory of Pramana, concept of Citta and Citta-Vrtti, stages of Cittbhumi, the role of God in yoga
• Purva-Mimāṃsā: Pramāṇyavāda-Svatah-Pramāṇyavāda and Paratah-Pramāṇyavada, Sruti and its importance, classification of Sruti-Vākyas, Vidhi, Niṣedha and Arthavāda, Dharma, Bhāvanā, Sabda-Nityavāda, Jāti, Saktivada
• Purva-Mimamsa: Kumarila and Prabhakara schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference, Triputi-Samvit, Jnatata, Abhava and Anupalabdhi, Anvitadbhidhanavada, Abhihitanvayavada, theories of error: Akhyati, Viparitakhyati, atheism
• Vedanta
• Advaita: Brahmaṇ, relation between Brahmaṇ and Atman, three grades of Sattā, Adhyāsa, Māya, Jiva, Vivartavāda, Anirvachniya-Khyāti
• Viśiṣtādvaita: Saguṇa brahmaṇ, refutation of Māya, Aprthaksiddhi Pariṇāmavāda, Jiva, Bhakti and Prapatti, Brahma-Pariṇāmavāda, Sat-Khyāti
• Dvaita: Rejection of Nirguṇa brahmaṇ and Māya, Bheda and Sāksi, Bhakti
• Dvaitavaita: Concept of Jnanaswaroop, kinds of inanimate
• Sudhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-Pariṇāmavāda

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Pre-socratic philosophers: Thales, anaxagoras, anaximenies, ionians, pythagoras, parmenides, heraclitus, and democritus
• The Sophists and Socrates
• Plato and Aristotle: Plato-theory of knowledge, knowledge and opinion, theory of ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God. Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive, logic as an organon
• Plato and Aristotle: Aristotle-Critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, soul and God
• Medieval philosophy: St. Augustine: Problem of evil. St. Anselm: Ontological argument, St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God
• Modern western philosophy: Descartes-conception of method, criteria of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, cartesian dualism: Mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, interactionism
• Modern western philosophy: Spinoza-substance, attribute and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, Intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, three orders of knowing. Leibnitz-monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas
• Modern western philosophy: Leibnitz-proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom
• Modern western philosophy: Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge
• Modern western philosophy: Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipcism; God and self
• Modern western philosophy: Hume-impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism
• Modern western philosophy: Hume-reason and the passions. Kant: The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgements, the copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
• Modern western philosophy: Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, rejection of speculative metaphysics. Hegel: The conception of Geist (spirit)
• Modern western philosophy: Hegel-the dialectical method, concepts of being, non-bbeing and becoming, absolute idealism, freedom

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Concept of Purusartha, Sreyas, and Preyas, Varnashrama, dharma, Sadharana dharma, Rna and Yajna, concept of duty, karma-yoga, Sthitprajna, Svadharma, Lokasamgraha, Apurva and Adrsta, Sadhya-Sadhana, Itikartavyata, law of karma: Ethical implications
• Ṛta and satya, yoga-Kśema, Astānga yoga, Jainism: Samvara-Nirjarā, Tri-Ratṇa, Panch-Vrata
• Buddhism: Upāya-Kaushal, brahma-Vihāra-Matri, Karuṇā, Muditā, Upeksha, Bodhisattva, Carvaka’s hedonism

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Concepts of good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, eudaemonism, intuition as explained in teleological and deontological theories
• Egoism, altruism, universalism, subjectivism, cultural relativism, super-naturalism
• Ethical realism and Intuitionism, Kant’s moral theory: Postulates of morality, Good-will, Categorical Imperative, Duty, Mean and ends, Maxims
• Utilitarianism: Principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality, kinds of utilitarianism, moral theories of Bentham, J.S. Mill, Sidgwick, theories of punishment
• Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism: emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Vivekananda: practical Vedanta, universal religion, religious experience, religious rituals
• Sri Aurobindo: evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga
• Iqbal: Self, God, man and superman, intellect and intuition
• Tagore: religion of man, ideas on education, concept of nationalism
• K.C. Bhattacharyya: Swaraj in ideas, concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of Maya
• Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the Idealist view of life, concept of universal religion, Hindu view of life
• J. Krishnamurti: conception of thought, freedom from the known, analysis of self, choiceless awareness
• Gandhi: truth, non-violence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, critique of modern civilization
• Ambedkar: annihilation of caste, philosophy of Hinduism, Neo-Buddhism
• D.D. Upadhyaya: Integral Humanism, Advaita Vedanta, Purusartha
• Narayana Guru: the spiritual freedom and social equality, one caste, one religion, one God
• Tiruvallur: Tirukkural
• Jyotiba Phule: Critical understanding of caste-system
• M.N. Roy: Radical humanism, materialism
• Maulana Azad: humanism

Philosophy: Unit 06

• Analytic and continental philosophy: Frege-sense and reference, logical positivism: verification theory of meaning, elimination of metaphysics, concept of philosophy, Moore: distinction between sense and reference, refutation of idealism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Defense of commonsense, proof of an external world. Russell: Logical atomism, definite descriptions, refutation of idealism, Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions
• Analytic and continental philosophy: The picture theory, critique of private language, meaning and use, forms of life, notion of philosophy, Wittgensteinian Fideism, on certainty, Gilbert Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism, A.J. Ayer: The problem of knowledge, W.V.O. Quine: Two Dogmas of Empiricism, H.P. Grice and P.F. Strawson: In defense of a dogma, phenomenology and existentialism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Husserl-phenomenological method, philosophy as a rigorous science, intentionality. Phenomenological reduction, inter-subjectivity. Heidegger: The concept of Being (Dasein), man as being in the world
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Critique of technological civilization, Kierkegaard: Subjectivity as truth, leap of faith, Sartre: Concept of freedom, bad-faith, humanism, Merleau-Ponty: Perception, embodied consciousness, pragmatism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, varieties of religious experience, John Dewey: Concept of truth, common-faith, education, post-modernism, Nietzsche: critique of enlightenment, will to power
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Genealogy of moral. Richard Rorty: Critique of representationalism, against epistemological method, edifying philosophy, Emmanuel Levinas: Ethics as a first philosophy, philosophy of ‘other’

Philosophy: Unit 07

• Mahabharata: Danda-niti, foundations, Rajdharma, law and governance, Narada’s questions to king Yudhisthir, Kautilya: Sovereignty, seven pillars of state-craft, state, society, social-life, state administration, state economy, law, and justice
• Kautilya: Internal security, welfare and external affairs, Kamandaki: Social order and state elements, constitutional morality, secularism and fundamental rights, constitutionalism, total revolution, terrorism, Swadeshi, Satyagrah, Sarvodaya
• Kautilya: Social democracy, state socialism, affirmative action, social justice, social institutions: Family, marriage, property, education, and religion colonialism

Philosophy: Unit 08

• Plato: Ideal state and justice, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau: Social contract theory, Isaiah Berlin: Conceptions of liberty, Bernard Williams: Idea of equality, Liberalism: Rawls; distributive justice, Nozick; Justice as entitlement, Dworkin
• Justice as equality; Amartya Sen: Global justice, freedom and capability
• Marxism: dialectical materialism, alienation, critique of capitalism, doctrine of class struggle and classless society
• Communitarianism: Communitarian critique of liberal self, universalism vs. particularism, theory of Charles Taylor, MacIntyre, Michael Sandel, Multiculturalism: Charles Taylor; politics of recognition, Will Kymlicka; conception of minority rights
• Feminism: Basic concepts-patriarchy, misogyny, gender, theories of feminism; liberal, socialist, radical, and ecofeminism

Philosophy: Unit 09

• Truth and validity, denotation, and connotation, nature of propositions, categorical syllogism, laws of thought, classification of propositions, square of opposition, truth-functions and propositional logic, quantification and rules of quantification
• Symbolic logic: Use of symbols, decision procedures: Truth table, using truth-tables for testing the validity of arguments, Venn diagram, informal, and formal fallacies, proving validity, argument, and argument-form, axiomatic system, consistency
• Completeness, differences between deductive and inductive logic

Philosophy: Unit 10

• What is applied philosophy?, philosophy of technology; technology, dominance, power, and social inequalities, democratization of technology, public evaluation of science and technology, ethical implication of information technology, biotechnology
• Non-technology, environmental ethics: Nature as means or end, Aldo-Leopold; land-ethics, Arne Naess: Deep ecology, Peter Singer; animal rights, medical-ethics: Surrogacy, doctor-patient relationship, abortion, euthanasia, female-infanticide
• Professional ethics: Corporate governance and ethical responsibility, media ethics: Ethical issues in privacy, cyber space, pornography, representation and differences-marginalization, legal ethics: Law and morality, legal obligation
• Legal ethics: Authority and validity of law, philosophical counseling: Managing everyday problems

Psychology: Unit 01

• Psychological thought in some major eastern systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and integral yoga
• Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia
• Issues: The colonial encounter; post colonialism and psychology; lack of distinct disciplinary identity
• Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period
• Structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalytical, Gestalt, behaviorism, humanistic existential, transpersonal, cognitive revolution, multiculturalism
• Four founding paths of academic psychology-Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey
• Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental analytical paradigm (logical empiricism)
• Indic influences on modern psychology
• Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: ontology, epistemology, and methodology
• Paradigms of western psychology: Positivism, post-positivism, critical perspective, social constructionism, existential phenomenology, and cooperative enquiry
• Paradigmatic controversies
• Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga
• Science and spirituality (Avidya and Vidya)
• The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology

Psychology: Unit 02

• Research: Meaning, purpose, and dimensions. Research problems, variables, and operational definitions, hypothesis, sampling. Ethics in conducting and reporting research
• Paradigms of research: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods approach, methods of research: Observation, survey (interview, questionnaires), experimental, quasi-experimental, field studies
• Methods of research: Cross-cultural studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, focus groups, narratives, case studies, ethnography
• Statistics in psychology: Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Normal probability curve. Parametric (t-test) and non-parametric tests (sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman). Power analysis
• Statistics in psychology: Effect size
• Correlational analysis: Correlation (product moment, rank order), partial correlation, multiple correlation
• Special correlation methods: biserial, point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient
• Regression: simple linear regression, multiple regression
• Factor analysis: assumptions, methods, rotation and interpretation
• Experimental designs: ANOVA (one-way, factorial), randomized block designs, repeated measures design, Latin square, cohort studies, time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs

Psychology: Unit 03

• Types of tests, test construction: Item writing, item analysis, test standardization: Reliability, validity, and norms, areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, personality assessment, interest inventories
• Areas of testing: Attitude scales-semantic differential, staples, Likert scale
• Computer-based psychological testing, applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, organizational and business, education, counseling, military. Career guidance

Psychology: Unit 04

• Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors and processes, neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters
• The central and peripheral nervous systems: Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity
• Methods of physiological psychology: Invasive methods-anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non-invasive methods-EEG, scanning methods
• Muscular and glandular system: Types and functions, biological basis of motivation: Hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex
• Biological basis of emotion: The limbic system, hormonal regulation of behaviour
• Genetics and behaviour: Chromosomal anomalies; nature-nurture controversy (twin studies and adoption studies)

Psychology: Unit 05

• Attention: Forms of attention, models of attention, perception: Approaches to the study of perception-Gestalt and physiological approaches, perceptual organization: Gestalt, figure, and ground, law of organization
• Perceptual constancy: Size, shape, and color; illusions, perception of form, depth, and movement, role of motivation and learning in perception
• Signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications, subliminal perception and related factors, information processing approach to perception, culture, and perception, perceptual styles, pattern recognition, ecological perspective on perception
• Learning process: Fundamental theories-Thorndike, Guthrie, hull, classical conditioning: Procedure, phenomena, and related issues, instrumental learning: Phenomena, paradigms, and theoretical issues; reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules
• Learning process: Reinforcement-behaviour modification and its applications, cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning. Verbal learning and discrimination learning, recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning
• Memory and forgetting: Memory processes-encoding, storage, retrieval, stages of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory (working memory), long-term memory (declarative-episodic and semantic; procedural)
• Memory and forgetting: Theories of forgetting-interference, retrieval failure, decay, motivated forgetting

Psychology: Unit 06

• Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, gestalt, information processing, feature integration model, concept formation: Rules, types, and strategies; role of concepts in thinking types of reasoning, language and thought
• Problem solving: Type, strategies, and obstacles, decision-making: Types and models, metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation, intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg; Goleman; Das, Kar and Parrila
• Creativity: Torrance, Getzels, and Jackson, Guilford, Wallach and Kogan relationship between intelligence and creativity

Psychology: Unit 07

• Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural Approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian, Social learning, Trait and Type, Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential, Transpersonal psychology
• Other theories: Rotter's locus of control, Seligman's explanatory styles, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
• Basic motivational concepts: instincts, needs, drives, arousal, incentives, motivational cycle
• Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R cognitive, humanistic, exploratory behaviour and curiosity, Zuckerman’s sensation seeking, achievement, affiliation, and power motivational competence self-regulation flow
• Emotions: Physiological correlates, theories of emotions: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter, and Singer, Lazarus, Lindsley. Emotion regulation
• Conflicts: Sources and types, stress, and coping: Concept, models, type A, B, C, D behaviours
• Conflicts: Stress management strategies (biofeedback, music therapy, breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation, guided imagery, mindfulness meditation, yogasana, stress inoculation training)

Psychology: Unit 08

• Nature, scope and history of social psychology, traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, cognitive dissonance, sociobiology, psychodynamic approaches, social cognition
• Social perception (communication, attributions); attitude and its change within cultural context; prosocial behaviour, group and social influence (social facilitation; social loafing)
• Social influence (conformity, peer pressure, persuasion, compliance, obedience, social power, reactance)
• Aggression
• Group dynamics, leadership style, and effectiveness
• Theories of intergroup relations (minimal group experiment and social identity theory, relative deprivation theory, realistic conflict theory, balance theories, equity theory, social exchange theory)
• Applied social psychology: Health, environment, and law; personal space, crowding, and territoriality

Psychology: Unit 09

• Developmental processes: Nature, principles, factors in development, stages of development. Successful aging
• Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, behavioristic, and cognitive, various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and moral
• Psychopathology: Concept, mental status examination, classification, causes, psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, person-centered, gestalt, existential, acceptance commitment therapy, behaviour therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, play therapy, positive psychotherapy
• Psychotherapies: Transactional analysis, dialectic behaviour therapy, art therapy, performing art therapy, family therapy
• Applications of theories of motivation and learning in school factors in educational achievement, teacher effectiveness, guidance in schools: Needs, organizational set up and techniques, counselling: Process, skills, and techniques

Psychology: Unit 10

• Issues of Gender, Poverty, Disability, and Migration: Cultural bias and discrimination. Stigma, Marginalization, and Social Suffering; Child Abuse and Domestic violence
• Peace psychology: violence, non-violence, conflict resolution at macro level, role of media in conflict resolution
• Wellbeing and self-growth: Types of wellbeing (hedonic and eudemonic), character strengths, resilience and post-traumatic growth
• Health: Health promoting and health compromising behaviours, life style and chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease), psychoneuroimmunology (cancer, HIV/ AIDS),
• Psychology and technology interface: Digital learning; Digital etiquette: Cyber bullying; Cyber pornography: Consumption, implications; Parental mediation of Digital Usage

Sociology: Unit 01

• Classical sociological traditions: Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx
• Structure-functionalism and structuralism: Bronisław Malinowski, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, Claude Lévi-Strauss
• Hermeneutic and interpretative traditions: G.H. Mead, Karl Manheim, Alfred Schutz, Harold Garfinkel, Erving Goffman, Clifford Geertz
• Post modernism, post structuralism, and post colonialism: Edward Said, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, Manuel Castells
• Indian thinkers: M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Radha Kamal Mukherjee, G.S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas, Irawati Karve

Sociology: Unit 02

• Conceptualizing social reality: Philosophy of science, scientific method, and epistemology in social science, hermeneutic traditions, objectivity and reflexivity in social science, ethics, and politics
• Formulating research design: Reading social science research, data and documents, induction and deduction, fact, concept and theory, hypotheses, research questions, objectives
• Quantitative and qualitative methods: Ethnography, survey method, historical method, comparative method
• Techniques: Sampling, questionnaire, and schedule, statistical analysis, observation, interview and case study, interpretation, data analysis and report writing

Sociology: Unit 03

• Sociological concepts: Social structure, culture, network, status and role, identity, community, diaspora, values, norms and rules, personhood, habitus and agency, bureaucracy, power and authority
• Social institutions: Marriage, family, and kinship, economy, polity, religion, education, law and customs
• Social stratification: Social difference, hierarchy, inequality and marginalization, caste and class, gender, sexuality and disability, race, tribe, and ethnicity
• Social change and processes: Evolution and diffusion, modernization and development, social transformations and globalization, social mobility

Sociology: Unit 04

• Rural and peasant society: Caste-tribe settlements, agrarian social structure and emergent class relations, land ownership and agrarian relations, decline of agrarian economy, depeasantization and migration, agrarian unrest and peasant movements
• Rural and peasant society: Changing inter-community relations and violence
• Urban society: Urbanism, urbanity, and urbanization, towns, cities and mega-cities, industry, service, and business, neighbourhood, slums and ethnic enclaves, middle class and gated communities, urban movements and violence

Sociology: Unit 05

• Political processes in India: Tribe, nation state and border, bureaucracy, governance and development, public policy: Health, education and livelihoods, political culture, grass-root democracy, law and society, gender and development, corruption
• Political processes in India: Role of international development organizations
• Social movements and protests: Political factions, pressure groups, movements based on caste, ethnicity, ideology, gender, disability, religion and region, civil society and citizenship, NGOs, activism and leadership, reservations, and politics

Sociology: Unit 06

• Exchange, gift, capital, labour, and market, mode of production debates, property and property relations, state and market: Welfarism and neoliberalism, models of economic development, poverty and exclusion, factory and industry systems
• Changing nature of labour relations, gender and labour process, business and family, digital economy, e-commerce, global business and corporates, tourism, consumption

Sociology: Unit 07

• Social and cultural ecology: Diverse forms, technological change, agriculture, and biodiversity, indigenous knowledge systems and ethno-medicine, gender and environment, forest policies, adivasis, and exclusion, ecological degradation and migration
• Development, displacement, and rehabilitation, water and social exclusion, disasters and community responses, environmental pollution, public health, and disability, climate change and international policies, environmental movements

Sociology: Unit 08

• Theoretical approaches: Structure-functionalist, alliance, and cultural, gender relations and power dynamics, inheritance, succession, and authority, gender, sexuality, and reproduction, children, youth, and elderly, emotions and family
• Emergent forms of family, changing marriage practices, changing care and support systems, family laws, domestic violence and crime against women, honor killing

Sociology: Unit 09

• History of Technological Development, Changing notions of Time and Space, Flows and Boundaries, Virtual Community, Media: Print and Electronic, Visual and Social Media, E-Governance and Surveillance Society, Technology and Emerging Political Processes
• State policy, digital divide, and inclusion, technology and changing family relations, technology and changing health systems, food and technology, cyber crime

Sociology: Unit 10

• Signs and symbols, rituals, beliefs, and practices, changing material culture, moral economy, education: Formal and informal, religious organizations, piety, and spirituality, commodification of rituals, communalism and secularism
• Cultural identity and mobilization, culture and politics, gender, body, and culture, art and aesthetics, ethics and morality, sports and culture, pilgrimage and religious tourism, religion and economy, culture and environment, new religious movements

Political science: Unit 01

• Concepts: Liberty, equality, justice, rights, democracy, power, citizenship, political traditions: Liberalism, conservatism, socialism, Marxism, feminism, ecologism, multiculturalism, postmodernism

Political science: Unit 02

• Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, John Rawls

Political science: Unit 03

• Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Aggañña Sutta, Barani, Kabir, Pandita Ramabai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, Muhammad Iqbal, M.N. Roy, VD Savarkar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, J L Nehru
• Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan, Deendayal Upadhyaya

Political science: Unit 04

• Approaches: Institutional, political culture, political economy, and new institutionalism; comparative methods, colonialism, and decolonization: Forms of colonialism, anti-colonial struggles and decolonization, nationalism: European and non-European
• State theory: Debate over the nature of state in capitalist and socialist societies; post-colonial state, welfare state; globalization and nations-states
• Political regimes: Democratic (electoral, liberal, majoritarian, and participatory) and non-democratic regimes (patrimonialism, bureaucratic authoritarianism, military dictatorship, totalitarianism, and fascist)
• Constitutions and Constitutionalism: forms of constitutions, rule of law, judicial independence and liberal constitutionalism; emergency powers and crisis of constitutionalism
• Democratization: Democratic transition and consolidation
• Development: Underdevelopment, dependency, modernization, world systems theory, development, and democracy
• Structures of power: Ruling class, power elites, democratic elitism, actor and processes: Electoral systems, political parties and party system, interest groups, social movements, new social movements
• Actor and processes: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society campaigns; revolutions

Political science: Unit 05

• Approaches to the study of international relations: idealism, realism, structural Marxism, neoliberalism, neorealism, social constructivism, critical international theory, feminism, postmodernism
• Concepts: State, state system, and non-state actors, power, sovereignty, security: Traditional and non-traditional
• Conflict and peace: Changing nature of warfare; weapons of mass destruction; deterrence; conflict resolution, conflict transformation
• United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of UN; peace and development perspectives; humanitarian intervention. International law; international criminal court, political economy of IR; globalization
• United nations: Global governance and Bretton Woods system, north-south dialogue, WTO, G-20, BRICS
• Regional organizations: European union, African union, Shanghai cooperation organization, ASEAN
• Contemporary challenges: International terrorism, climate change, and environmental concerns, human rights, migration, and refugees; poverty and development; role of religion, culture, and identity politics

Political science: Unit 06

• Perspectives on India’s Foreign Policy: India’s Identity as postcolonial, development, rising power and as emerging political economy, Continuity and change in India’s Foreign Policy: Principles and determinants
• Non-Alignment movement: Historical background and relevance of non Aligned movement; India’s nuclear policy, India’s relations with major powers: USA, USSR/ Russia, People’s Republic of China
• India’s Engagement with multipolar world: India’s relations with European Union, BRICS, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Gulf Cooperation Council
• India’s relations with neighborhood: SAARC, Gujaral doctrine, look east/ act east, look west
• India’s negotiation strategies in international regimes: The united nations, world trade organization, international monetary fund, intergovernmental panel on climate change
• Contemporary challenges: Maritime security, energy security, environmental security, migrants, and refugees, water resources, international terrorism, cyber security

Political science: Unit 07

• Making of the Indian constitution: Colonialism heritage and the contribution Indian national movement to the making of the Indian constitution, constituent assembly: Composition, ideological moorings, constitutional debates
• Philosophy of the constitution: Preamble, fundamental rights, directive principles, constitutionalism in India: Democracy, social change, national unity, checks and balances, basic structure debate, constitutional amendments
• Union executive: President, prime minister, and council of ministers, union parliament: Structure, role and functioning, parliamentary committees, judiciary: Supreme court, high court, judicial review, judicial activism, judicial reform
• Executive and legislature in the states: Governor, chief minister, state legislature, federalism in India: Strong centre framework, asymmetrical federal provisions and adaption, role of intergovernmental coordination mechanisms, inter-state council
• Federalism in India: Emerging trends
• Electoral process and election commission of India: Conduct of elections, rules, electoral reforms
• Local government institutions: Functioning and reforms
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: Comptroller and auditor general, national commission for scheduled castes, national commission for scheduled tribes, national commission for human rights, national commission for women
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: National commission for minorities

Political science: Unit 08

• State, economy, and development: Nature of Indian state, development planning model, new economic policy, growth and human development
• Process of globalization: Social and economic implications
• Identity politics: religion, tribe, caste, region, language
• Social movements: Dalit, tribal, women, farmers, labour, civil society groups: Non-party social formations, non-governmental organizations, social action groups
• Regionalization of Indian politics: Reorganization of Indian states, states as political and economic units, sub-state regions, regional disparities, demand for new states, gender and politics in India: Issues of equality and representation
• Ideology and social basis of political parties: National parties, state parties
• Electoral politics: Participation, contestation, representation, emerging trends

Political science: Unit 09

• Public administration: Meaning and evolution; public and private administration approaches: System theory, decision making, ecological approach, public administration theories and concepts: Scientific management theory, rational choice theory
• Public administration theories and concepts: New public administration, development administration, comparative public administration, new public management, changing nature of public administration in the era of liberalization and globalization
• Theories and principles of organization: Scientific management theory, bureaucratic theory, human relations theory, managing the organization: Theories of leadership and motivation
• Organizational communication: Theories and principles, Chester Barnard principles of communication, information management in the organization
• Managing conflict in the organization: Mary Parker Follett, management by objectives-Peter Drucker

Political science: Unit 10

• Governance, good governance and democratic governance, role of state, civil society, and individuals
• Accountability and control: Institutional mechanism for checks and balances, legislative control over executive, administrative, and budgetary control, control through parliamentary committees, judicial control over legislature and executive
• Accountability and control: Administrative culture, corruption, and administrative reforms, Institutional mechanisms for good governance: Right to information, consumer protection act, citizen charter; grievance redress system: Ombudsman, lokpal
• Grievance redress system: Lokayukta, grassroots governance: Panchayati raj institutions and their functioning, planning and development: Decentralized planning, planning for development, sustainable development, participatory development
• Planning and development: E-governance; NITI aayog, public policy as an instrument of socioeconomic development: Public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, MNREGA, NHRM, RTE
• Monitoring and evaluation of public policy, mechanisms of making governance process accountable: Jansunwai, social audit

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 01

• Defence and strategic studies: Assumptions and approaches
• The concepts of nation: State and nation-state, theories and elements of state. National power and its components
• Key concepts of national security: Defining national security, national defence, and national interest, national character and evolution-of the national security concept in the 20th century and beyond
• National security concerns of major powers, middle powers, and small powers
• National security structures: Armed forces, intelligence agencies, police forces, decision-making structures, etc
• National security environment: Internal and external
• Defence, foreign, security and domestic policies; concept formulation, objectives and linkages
• Military alliances and pacts, peace treaties, defence cooperation, strategic partnership and security dialogue
• Non-alignment, balance of power, collective security and balance of terror-concept, development, and relevance
• Deterrence and detente: Concept and contemporary relevance

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 02

• Contribution of Sun Tzu, Kautilya, Machiavelli, Jomini, Carl Von Clausewitz, general Giulio Douhet, W. Mitchell, J.F.C. Fuller, Capt. B.H. Liddell Hart, Marx, Lenin, Mao Zedong And Che Guevara
• Nuclear deterrence: Andre Beaufre, Henry Kissinger and k. Subrahmanyam
• Thoughts of Gandhi and Nehru on peace, security and development

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 03

• Theories and causes of war
• Principles of war
• Contemporary warfare: Conventional warfare in nuclear age, limited war, revolutionary warfare, low intensity operations, guerilla warfare, insurgency and counter-insurgency
• Armaments: Arms race, arms aid, arms trade, arms proliferation, proliferation of small arms, military alliances and pacts, peace treaties, defence cooperation, strategic partnership and security dialogue
• Terrorism: Concept and kinds (national, international, and cross border)
• Conflicting ideologies: Militarism, nationalism, fundamentalism, separatism, irredentism
• Concept and elements of deterrence: Nuclear and conventional
• Evolution of Global Nuclear Doctrines, Democratic Peace Theory

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 04

• Basic concepts and theory: (i) Concepts of disarmament and arms control, (ii) objectives and conditions of disarmament, (iii) elements of arms control mechanisms: Agreements, verification, inspection, control
• Basic concepts and theory: (iv) Approaches to disarmament and arms control
• Historical survey of disarmament efforts: (i) Under the league of nations, (ii) under the united nations, (iii) unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches, (iv) role of non-aligned nations in disarmament negotiations
• Weapons of mass destruction: Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons
• Nuclear arms limitation nuclear arms control treaties
• Chemical weapons convention and biological weapons convention, concept of non-proliferation, NPT, CTBT, PTBT MTCR FMCT, and other treaties
• Nuclear export control regimes
• New challenges and responses-missile defense, cooperative threat reduction and G-7 global partnership
• Disarmament and arms control and economic development
• Terrorism and nuclear proliferation
• Concept of star wars and NMD

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 05

• End of cold war and emergence of new world order
• Proliferation of military, nuclear and missile capabilities
• Environmental issues: Climate change and global warming, desertification, acid rains, industrial pollution, deforestation
• Organized crimes: Money laundering, NARCO-trafficking, human trafficking and small arms proliferation
• Migrants and refugees: (a) Causes, (b) illegal migration and border management, (c) problem in south Asia, (d) role of international committee of red cross and un high commission for refugees
• Global security concerns: Palestinian-Israeli conflict and Arab spring, developments in central Asian republics (CARS), rise of fundamentalism, challenges in Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and power rivalry in South China Sea
• Problem of system of governance and human rights
• Food security, energy security and water security problems in modern era
• Millennium development goals

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 06

• Genesis of Sino-Indian relations
• The boundary dispute, Sino- Pakistan nexus, OBOR and CPEC, China and India- military balance, Chinese policy towards south Asia
• Rise of India and china: Cooperation and competition, Chinese interests in Indian ocean and South China Sea
• Strategic dimension of India-Pakistan relations: Genesis of India-Pakistan conflict, Indo-Pak military balance, the Kashmir question, Pakistan sponsored terrorism, Pakistan's nuclear strategy, the powers structure of Pakistan, contentious
• Issues: Siachin, sir creek, river waters, etc
• India and south Asia: Issues and challenges for regional cooperation
• Making of India's defence policy since independence: (a) Threat perception, assessment and preparedness, (b) political and military lessons of 1948, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1999 Wars, (c) future trends
• India's look east and act east policies, Indo-Pacific cooperation, strategic partnerships
• India's maritime security and strategy in 21st century: (a) Indian ocean, (b) Asia-pacific region, (c) security of sea lanes, India's maritime strategy for the 21st century
• India's defence doctrines and strategies including nuclear doctrine, higher defence organization of India

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 07

• Origin, type and structure of conflict
• Ideologies and international conflicts
• Role of united nations in conflict management and re-structuring of UNO, techniques of conflict prevention
• Conflict management: Pacific solutions of international disputes, coercive methods
• International humanitarian laws and laws of armed conflicts
• Confidence building measures: Concept, kinds, and utility
• IGOs and NGOs in conflict resolution: Peacemaking, peace keeping and peace building
• Gandhian philosophy on peace and non-violence
• Nehruvian approach to national security and cooperation

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 08

• Basic concept and meaning of disaster, introduction to terminologies associated with disaster and national security: Natural and manmade, vulnerability, risk etc., identifying various types of disasters
• Natural disaster and human induced disaster: Floods, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami-WMD disaster, disaster associated with various industries
• Study of disaster in India/ around the world: Case studies-Tsunami 2004, Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl, Fukushima, Uttarakhand, etc
• Disaster management: Meaning, association and distinction with related concepts like disaster mitigation, response, and recovery, relief, and reconstruction
• Institutional Mechanism for Disaster Management in India: Role of Armed Forces, Central and State Governments, NGO, National Disaster Management Authority, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 09

• Economic theories of defence
• Sustainable development: Challenges and responses
• Basics of defence planning, determinants of defence expenditure
• Defence budgeting
• Economic causes of war
• Economic warfare in modem times
• Economic problems of post war reconstruction
• National security and international trade regimes (WTO, TRIPS, TRIMS, FTA'S NAFTA, SAPTA, and NSG)
• India's role in regional and global economic forums and organizations
• Geoeconomics and its implications for global/ regional economic stability

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 10

• Broad survey of technological changes from industrial revolution to information revolution
• India's civil nuclear and space programs, India's energy scenario
• Research and development: (a) Relevance of science and technology in national security. (b) Impact of information technology; revolution in military affairs (RMA). (c) Choice of weapon systems
• Impact of economic liberalization and globalization: (a) Defence production in India (role of DPSU’S and ordnance factories). (b) Defence and development and peace and development dichotomies
• Issues of mobilization of resources during war and peace
• Military industrial complexes
• Transfer of technology: Dual use and critical technologies and their impact on national security
• Interdependence and Cooperation at Regional and Global levels
• Cyber security: Vulnerabilities of information technology and internet, need and importance of cyber security, different kinds of cyber security vulnerabilities, cyber wars including propaganda, measures for cyber security- technology
• Cyber security: Measures for cyber security-laws and regulations, global issues in cyber security
• Social media and its impact on national security: Global reach with rapid speed for propaganda and indoctrinate misinformation and rumour mongering cadre recruitment and use of social networking sites for mobilizing public opinion

Home science: Unit 01

• Food science and nutrition
• Properties of food-physical and chemical properties
• Quality evaluation of foods-objectives and subjective
• Effects of cooking and processing techniques on nutritional components, and other physical parameters, food preservation and application
• Food pigments and additives
• Food standards, microbiological safety of food, HACCP, food packaging
• Perspectives of food service-menu planning, food cost analysis
• New product development-nano technology
• Food service management of institutional level-hospital, educational institutions, social and special institutions
• Research methods-fundamental issues, concept, need relevance, scope, and ethics in research

Home science: Unit 02

• Food groups-balanced diet, food pyramid, macro and micro nutrition
• Nutrients-role of nutrients in the body, nutrient deficiencies and requirements for Indians
• Public health nutrition
• Nutrition through life span-physiological changes, growth and development from conception to adolescence, nutritional needs and dietary guidelines for adequate nutrition through life cycle, nutrition concerns
• Community nutrition, sports nutrition, nutrition in emergencies and disasters
• Nutritional assessment-methods and techniques
• Nutritional intervention-national nutrition policies and programmes, food and nutrition security
• Clinical and therapeutic nutrition
• Diet counseling and management
• Research methods-research designs, principles, and purpose of research

Home science: Unit 03

• Textile terminologies-fiber, yarn, weave, fabric, etc, classification of fibers, yarns and weaves, identification of fibers and weaves
• Manufacturing process of major natural and manmade fibers, properties, and their end uses
• Different methods of fabric construction-woven, knitted and non woven fabrics, their properties, and end uses
• Textiles finishes-classification, processing, and purposes of finishes
• Dyeing and printing-classification, method of block printing, tie and dye, batik, roller printing, screen printing, discharge, heat transfer printing and digitized printing
• Traditional textiles of India-embroidered textiles, printed textiles, woven textiles, dyed textiles of various regions in India
• Identification on the basis of fiber content, technique, motif, colour, and designed
• Textile testing and quality control-need of testing, sampling method, techniques of testing fibers, yarn, fabrics and garments
• Testing of colour-fastness, shrinkage, pilling, and GSM of fabrics
• Textile and environment-banned dyes, eco-friendly textiles, contamination and effluent treatment, eco-label and eco marks
• Recent developments in textiles and apparels-nano textiles, technical textiles, occupational clothing, zero waste designing, up cycling and recycling
• Research methods-types of research, descriptive, survey, historical, qualitative, quantitative, analytical and action research

Home science: Unit 04

• Body measurements-procedure, need, figure types and anthropometry
• Equipments and tools used for manufacturing garments-advancements and attachments used for sewing machine
• Types of machines used and their parts
• Elements and principles of design and its application to apparel
• Illustrations and parts of garments
• Fashion-terminologies, fashion cycle, fashion theories, fashion adoption, fashion forecasting and factors affecting fashion
• Pattern making-drafting, draping and flat pattern making techniques, pattern alteration and dart manipulation techniques
• Apparel manufacturing-terminology used, seams, techniques, and machines used, process of fabric to apparel manufacture
• Apparel quality testing-quality standards and specification, quality parameters and defects of fabrics, and garments
• Care and maintenance of clothing-principles of washing, laundry agents, storage techniques case labels and symbols
• Selection of clothing for different age groups
• Selection of fabrics for different and uses
• Research methods-hypothesis testing, types, and scope

Home science: Unit 05

• Management-concept, approaches, management of time, energy, money, space, motivating factors, motivation theories, decision making
• Functions of management-planning, supervision, controlling, organizing, evaluation, family life cycle-stages, availability and use of resources
• Resources-classification, characteristics, factors affecting use, resource conservation, time management, work simplification techniques, classes of change, fatigue and its management
• Management of natural resources-land, forest, water, air, water harvesting, municipal solid waste management, concept of sustainable development, SDGs
• Money management-family income, types, supplementation, budgeting, household accounts, family savings and investment, tax implications
• Human resource management-functions, need, human resource development challenges, functions, manpower planning, training need assessment, training methodologies, training evaluation
• Consumer-definition, role, rights and responsibilities, consumer behaviour, consumer problems, education and empowerment
• Consumer protection-consumer organization, cooperatives, alternative redressal, standardization, standard marks, quality control, buying aids, consumer legislation
• Entrepreneurship-concept, process, barriers, entrepreneurial motivation, challenges, enterprise setting, project planning and appraisal, enterprise management
• Research methods-sampling techniques, types of sampling, sampling procedures, probability and non probability sampling

Home science: Unit 06

• Design fundamentals-elements of art, principles of design, principles of composition
• Colour-dimensions of colour, psychological effects of colour, colour schemes, factors affecting use of colour
• Space planning and design-housing need and important, principles of planning spaces, types of house plans, economy in construction, planning for different income groups
• Building regulations-norms and standards, zoning, housing for special groups and areas, housing finance
• Housing and environment-building materials-impact on environment, green rating systems, energy efficiency in buildings, energy auditing, indices of indoor comfort
• Energy as a resource-conventional and non-conventional sources, renewable/ nonrenewable energy, energy management, national efforts on energy conservation
• Product design-design thinking process, diffusion and innovation, design communication, ergonomic considerations
• Ergonomics-significance, scope, anthropometry, man, machine, environment relationship, factors affecting physiological cost of work, body mechanics, functional design of work place, time and motion study, energy studies
• Furniture and furnishing-historical perspectives, architectural styles, contemporary tends, wall finishes, window and window treatments
• Research methods-selection and preparation of tools for data collection questionnaire, interview, observation, measuring scales, ranking and measurement, reliability and validity of tools

Home science: Unit 07

• Principles of growth and development, care during pregnancy, and pre-natal and neonatal development
• Theories of human development and behaviour
• Early childhood care and education-activities to promote holistic development
• Influence of family, peers, school, community, and culture on personality development
• Children and persons with special needs, care and support, special education, prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation
• Children at risk-child labour, street children, children of destitute, orphans, child abuse and trafficking
• Adolescence and youth: Changes, challenges, and programs to promote optimal development
• Adulthood, characteristics, changing roles, and responsibilities in early and middle adulthood
• Aging-physical and psychological changes and care needs
• Research methods-types of variables and their selection

Home science: Unit 08

• Dynamics of marriage and family relationships
• Family welfare-approaches, programmes, and challenges, role in national development
• Domestic violence, marital disharmony, conflict, resolution of conflict
• Parent education, positive parenting, community education
• Family disorganization, single parent families
• Family studies-family in crisis, family therapy, initiatives for child development
• Human rights, rights of children, rights of women, status of women, gender roles
• Guidance and counseling-across life span and for care givers
• Health and well being across life span development
• Research methods-data collection and classification, coding, tabulation, inferential and descriptive statistics

Home science: Unit 09

• Basics of communication-nature, characteristics, functions, process, models, elements, principles, barriers, perception, persuasion and empathy, types of communication, levels (settings) of communication transactions, process of listening
• Communication systems and communication theories-human interaction theories, mass communication theories, message design theories, communication systems, culture, and communication
• Concept of development-theories, models, measurement, and indicators of development
• Concept of development-communication models and approaches, diffusion and innovation, mass media, social marketing
• Role of communication in development-need and importance, development journalism, writing for development-print, radio, television, and internet
• Concerns of development communication-gender, health, environment, sustainability, human rights, population, literacy, rural and tribal development
• Advocacy and behaviour change communication-concept, theories, models, approaches, application and challenges
• Traditional, modern and new media for development-folk forms of songs, art, dance, theatre, puppetry, advertisement, cinema, ICTs for development-community radio, participatory video, social media and mobile phones
• Organization/ agencies/ institutes working for development communication international/ national/ state and local
• Research methods-analysis of data through parametric and non parametric tests

Home science: Unit 10

• Historical perspectives of extension-genesis of extension education and extension systems in India and other countries, objectives of extension education and extension service, philosophy and principles of extension programme development
• Programme management-need assessment, situation analysis, planning, organization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
• Extension methods and materials-interpersonal, small and large group methods, audio visual aids-need, importance, planning, classification, preparation and field testing, use and evaluation of audio visual materials
• Curriculum development and planning for extension education and development activities, Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives and learning
• Non-Formal, adult and lifelong education-historical perspectives, concept, theories, approaches, scope, methods and materials used, challenges of implementation and evaluation, issues to be addressed
• Training, skill development and capacity building for human resource development methods of training, entrepreneurship development
• Community development-perspectives, approaches, community organization, leadership, support structures for community development, panchyati raj institutions, NGOs and community based organisations
• People’s participation and stakeholders’ perspectives, Participatory Learning and Action-methods and techniques
• Development programmes in India for urban, rural, and tribal population groupsprogrammes for nutrition, health, education, wage and self employment, women’s development, skill development, sanitation and infrastructure
• Research methods-scientific report writing, presentation of data, interpretation and discussion

Library and information science: Unit 01

• Information life cycle-generation, collection, storage, and dissemination
• Role of information in planning, management, socioeconomic, cultural, educational, and technological development
• Information science-relationship with other subjects, information society, and knowledge society
• Communication-concept, types, theories, models, channels, and barriers; trends in scholarly communication
• Information industry-generators, providers, and intermediaries
• IPR and legal issues-categories, conventions, treaties, laws
• Plagiarism-concept and types
• Right to information act (RTI); information technology act
• National knowledge commission; national mission on libraries

Library and information science: Unit 02

• Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India
• Types of libraries-academic, public, special and national
• Library legislation and library acts in Indian states; the press and registration of books act; the delivery of books and newspapers (public libraries) act
• Laws of library science
• Library and information science profession-librarianship as a profession, professional skills, and competences; professional ethics
• Professional associations-national-ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS; international-IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ASLIB, SLA; ROLE of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in promotion and development of libraries
• Library and information science education in india
• Library public relations and extension activities
• Type of users-user studies, user education
• Information literacy-areas, standards, types, and models; trends in information literacy

Library and information science: Unit 03

• Sources of information-primary, secondary, and tertiary; documentary and non-documentary
• Primary information sources (print and electronic)-journals, conference proceedings, patents, standards, theses and dissertations, trade literature
• Secondary information sources (print and electronic)-dictionaries, encyclopedias, bibliographies, indexing and abstracting, statistical sources, handbooks and manuals
• Tertiary information sources (print and electronic)-directories, yearbooks, almanacs
• Reference sources-bibliographical, biographical, educational, language and geographical
• Electronic information resources-subject gateways, web portals, bulletin boards, discussion forums/ groups
• Databases: Bibliographic, numeric, full text, multimedia; open access databases
• Institutional and human resources
• Evaluation of reference sources and web resources

Library and information science: Unit 04

• Reference service-concept and types; referral services, alerting services-CAS, SDI, inter library loan and document delivery
• Mobile based library services and tools-mobile OPAC, mobile databases, mobile library website, library apps, mobile library instructions, augmented reality, SMS alerts, geolocation, reference enquiry
• Web 2.0 and 3.0-library 2.0-concept, characteristics, components; instant messaging, RSS feeds, podcasts, vodcasts, ask a librarian, collaborative services-social networks, academics social networks, social tagging, social bookmarking
• Web-scale discovery services, national information systems and networks: NISCAIR, DESIDOC, SENDOC, ENVIS, INFLIBNET, DELNET, NICNET, ERNET, national knowledge network (NKN), biotechnology information system network
• International information systems and networks: INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, MEDLARS, BIOSIS, ERIC, patent information system (PIS), biotechnology information system (BIS)
• Library resource sharing and library consortia-national and international

Library and information science: Unit 05

• Modes of formation of subjects
• Knowledge organization-classification, theories, Cannons, and principles; simple knowledge organization system (SKOS), taxonomies, folksonomy, trends in classification
• Mapping of subjects in library classification schemes-DDC, UDC, and CC
• Knowledge organization: Cataloguing-cannons and principles; centralized and cooperative catalogue; library cataloguing codes: CCC and AACR-II
• Standards of bibliographic record formats and description-ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR, BIBFRAME
• Standards for bibliographic information interchange and communication-ISO 2709, Z39.50, Z39.71
• Metadata standards: Dublin Core; MARC21, METS, MODES, EAD
• Indexing systems and techniques: Assigned-pre-coordinate; post-coordinate; derived-title-based; vocabulary control
• Abstracting-types and guidelines
• Information retrieval system-features, components, models, and evaluation

Library and information science: Unit 06

• Library and information centers management-book selection tools and principles; library acquisition, technical processing, circulation, serial control, maintenance and stock verification; preservation and conservation
• Hazards and control measures of library materials
• Human resource management-planning, job analysis, job description, job evaluation, selection, recruitment, motivation, training and development, performance appraisal; staff manual
• Financial management in libraries-sources of finance, resource mobilization, budgeting methods; cost effective and cost benefit analysis, annual reports and statistics; library authority and committee
• Project management-SWOT, PEST, PERT/ CPM
• Total quality management (TQM)-concepts, principles and techniques, six sigma; evaluation of services of libraries and information centers
• Library building, furniture, and equipments; green library building; information commons; makers space; security and safety
• Management Information System (MIS), MBO, Change Management, Disaster Management, Crisis Management
• Knowledge management-principles, tools, components, and architecture
• Marketing of library products and services-plan, research, strategies, mix, segmentation, pricing and advertising; management consultancy

Library and information science: Unit 07

• Character representation (ASCII, ISCII, UNICODE); computer hardware, software; storage devices; input and output devices
• Types of software-system software, application software
• Programming languages-object oriented, procedural, high level, scripting; web languages
• Telecommunication-transmission channels, mode, and media, ISDN, PSDN, multiplexing, modulation, standards and protocols
• Wireless communication-media, Wi-Fi, Li-Fi, satellite communication, mobile communication
• Computer networks-topologies, types of networks-LAN, MAN, WAN
• Internet-Web browsers, www, e-mail; search engines, meta and entity search engines
• Internet protocols and standards-HTTP, SHTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/ IP, URI, URL
• Hypertext, hypermedia, multimedia, video conferencing, virtual reality, augmented technologies
• Data security, network security, firewalls, cryptographic techniques, anti-virus software, anti-spyware, intrusion detection system

Library and information science: Unit 08

• Areas, planning, selection of hardware and software, implementation and evaluation; standards for library automation
• Barcode, RFID, QR Code, biometric, smartcard: features and applications
• Digitization-planning, selection of materials, hardware, software, process, issues
• Digital library: Genesis, characteristics, types, architecture; standards, formats, and protocols, DOI
• Digital preservation-need, purpose, standards, methods, techniques, projects (national and international)
• Digital library initiatives-national and international
• Institutional repositories-need, purpose, types and tools; institutional repositories in India; ROAR, DOAR, SHARPA-ROMIO
• Content management systems-architecture, data integration, CMS software-selection, implementation, and evaluation
• Application of artificial intelligence, expert systems, and robotics in libraries; social mobile analytics cloud (SMAC); cloud computing
• Ontology-tools (RDF, RDFS, POTEGE); semantic web, linked data, big data, data mining, data harvesting

Library and information science: Unit 09

• Types of research-basic and applied, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary
• Research methods: Historical, descriptive, experimental, and delphi
• Research design-selection of research problem, review of literature; formulation of research problem; hypothesis-formulation, types and testing; sampling techniques
• Methods of data collection: Questionnaire, interview, observation, library records, scales and checklist
• Data analysis and interpretation-presentation of data; statistical methods/ techniques
• Statistical packages-spreadsheet, SPSS, Bibexcel, ‘r’ statistics
• Research report writing and citation tools-structure, style, contents, guidelines; style manuals; online citation tools; reference style management tools; antiplagiarism tools; evaluation of research report
• Metric studies in LIS-bibliometrics, scientometric, webometrics, altmetrics; impact factors-journal, institutional and authors; h-index, g-index, i10 index
• Trends in library and information science research

Library and information science: Unit 10

• Public library and information system
• Special library and information system
• Health science library and information system
• Corporate library and information system
• Agricultural library and information system
• Engineering and technological library and information system
• Archive, museums, and oriental libraries
• Community information system
• Information services and system for persons with disability, children, and women

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 01

• Concept of journalism and mass communication, mass communication in India
• History, growth, and development of print and electronic media
• Major landmarks in print and electronic media in Indian languages
• Media’s role in formulation of states of India
• Media criticism and media literacy, press council and press commissions of India, status of journalism and media education in India
• Media policies of the government of India since independence
• Models and theories of mass communication, normative theories, administrative, and critical traditions in communication, media and journalism studies, communication and theories of sociocultural, educational, and agricultural change
• Technological determinism, critique of Marshall McLuhan’s views on media and communication and Marxist approaches
• Information and knowledge societies
• Indian traditions and approaches to communication from the Vedic era to the 21st century
• Western and eastern philosophical, ethical and aesthetic perceptions of communication-Aristotle and Plato, Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic traditions
• Media and culture-framework for understanding culture in a globalised world
• Globalization with respect to politico-economic and socio-cultural developments in India

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 02

• Concept and definition of development communication, role of media and journalism in society, characteristics of Indian society-demographic and sociological impact of communication, media, and journalism
• Media and specific audiences
• Development and social change
• Issues and post-colonial conceptions
• Deconstruction of dominant paradigm of communication and development
• Responses and critique of dominant models
• Corporatization of development-corporate social responsibility, non-state actors in development, mass campaigns by NGOs, government of India, international agencies and corporates
• Paradigms and discourse of development communication
• Emergence of global civil societies, public sphere, global communication system-nation state-universal, national communication policies
• Leading influencers of social reform in India-Raja Rammohan Roy, Pandit Madanmohan Malviya, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Mahatma Gandhi, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, etc

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 03

• News-concepts, determinants (values), structure and perspectives
• Reporting for print, radio, television, and digital media
• Types of reporting
• National and international news agencies and feature syndicates, functions, and role
• Writing for print, electronic, and digital news media
• Translation and transcreation
• Editing and presentation techniques for print, television, and digital media
• Journalism as profession, reportage of contemporary issues, ethics of reporting
• Critique of western news values, effect of new technology on global communication flows
• Niche reporting

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 04

• Definition, concept, functions, types, evolution of advertising, standards, and ethics in advertising
• Theories and models of communication in advertising
• Brand management
• Advertising management-agency-role, structure and function, client-agency relationship, media planning, and budgeting
• Advertising and creativity, language, and translation
• Advertising campaign and marketing
• Advertising and marketing research

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 05

• Public relations and corporate communication-definition, concept, and scope
• Structure of PR in state, public, private, and non-government sectors
• Tools and techniques of pr and corporate communication
• Crisis communication and crisis communication management
• Ethics of public relations
• International public relations, communication audit

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 06

• Concept of law and ethics in India and rest of the world
• The constitution of India, historical evolution, relevance
• Concept of freedom of speech and expression in Indian Constitution
• Defamation, libel, slander-IPC 499-502, sedition IPC 124(A), contempt of courts act, 1971, official secrets act, 1923, press and registration of books act, 1867
• Working journalists and other newspaper employees (conditions of service) and miscellaneous provisions act 1955, wage boards, law of obscenity (section 292-294 of IPC); the Miller test, the Hicklin test
• Indecent representation of women (prohibition) act, 1986, scheduled castes and tribes (prevention of atrocities) act, 1989, parliamentary privileges
• Famous cases involving journalists and news media organizations
• Right to information act, 2005, copyright act, 1957, intellectual property rights, cable television network (regulation) act, 1995, information technology act (relevant), 2000, and cyber laws, cinematograph act, 1952, film censorship
• Press council act as amended from time to time, IPR, ASCI, drugs, and magic remedies (objectionable advertisements) act, 1954, various regulatory bodies for print, TV, advertising, PR, and internet
• Rules, regulations and guidelines for the media as recommended by press council of India, information and broadcasting ministry and other professional organizations, adversarial role of the media, human rights, and media

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 07

• Definition, concept of media management
• Grammar of electronic media
• Communication design theories and practice
• Media production techniques-print and electronic
• Digital media production techniques
• Economics and commerce of mass media in India
• Principles and management in media industry post liberalization

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 08

• ICT and media-definition, characteristics and role
• Effect of computer mediated communication
• Impact of ICT on mass media
• Digitization
• Social networking
• Economics and commerce of web enabled media
• Mobile adaption and new generation telephony by media, ethics, and new media
• ICT in education and development in India, online media, and e-governance
• Animation-concepts and techniques

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 09

• Film and television theory
• Film and identity in Indian film studies, leading film directors of India before and after independence
• Indian cinema in the 21st century
• Approaches to analysis of Indian television
• Visual communication
• Visual analysis
• Basics of film language and aesthetics, the dominant film paradigm, evolution of Indian cinema-commercial and ‘non-commercial’ genres, the hindi film song, Indian aesthetics, and poetics (the theory of Rasa and Dhvani)
• National cinema movements: Soviet Montage cinema, German Expressionistic cinema, Italian Neo-Realistic cinema, French New Wave cinema, British New Wave cinema, Indian New Wave cinema, Period cinema
• Cinema in the new millennium

Journalism and mass communication: Unit 10

• Definition, concept, constructs, and approaches to communication research process
• Research designs-types, structure, components, classical, experimental and quasi experimental, variables and hypotheses; types and methods of research; basic, applied, descriptive, analytical, historical, case study, longitudinal studies
• Research in journalism, public relations, advertising, cinema, animation and graphics, television, internet, social media practices, magazines, children’s media
• Communication, journalism, and media research in India
• Levels of measurement: Sampling-probability and non-probability, tests of validity and reliability, scaling techniques. Methods and tools of data collection-interviews, surveys, case studies, obtrusive and non-obtrusive techniques, schedule, questionnaire
• Levels of measurement: Methods and tools of data collection-dairy, and internet based tools, media specific methods such as exit polls, opinion polls, telephone, SMS surveys and voting with regard to GEC (general entertainment content)
• Data analysis, testing, interpretation, application of statistical tests-parametric and nonparametric, tests of variance-univariate, bivariate and multivariate, tests of significance, computer mediated research
• Ethical considerations in communication, media and journalism research, writing research reports, plagiarism

Social work: Unit 01

• Social work: Definition, scope, principles, nature, goals, and process
• Historical development: Development of professional social work across the world (UK, USA, and India)
• Social reform and professional social work: Contribution of social reformers in 19th and 20th century in the development of professional social work in India
• Social work as a profession in India: Values, competencies, and code of ethics for the social work practitioners
• Theories: Theories for social work practice
• Changing context of social work practice: Emerging perspectives, trends, and challenges of social work for practice
• Social work practice in various settings: Family, child, and youth welfare, industry, older persons, persons with disabilities, environment, women and welfare, healthcare, and disaster management

Social work: Unit 02

• Sociological concepts: Social structure, social institutions, and social groups, socialization, social control and social change
• Approaches to the study of society: Functionalist, conflict/ dialectical, structuralism, and post modernism
• Social system and stratification: Major social systems (family and religion), social stratification: Marxist, functionalist and Weberian approach
• Human behaviour: Normal and abnormal behaviour determinants and life span perspective of human development, development tasks, and hazards during pre natal period, infancy, babyhood, childhood, puberty, adolescence and adulthood
• Theories of personality: Psycho analytic theory of personality, behavioral theories and humanistic theories
• Social psychology: Social perception, attitude formation, change, and measurement, communication and theories of collective behaviour
• Type of communities: Rural, urban, tribal and virtual communities, and various vulnerable groups/ sections viz. Women, child, aged, dalits etc; caste and class-their characteristics

Social work: Unit 03

• Basic social case work concepts: Social roles, social functioning, need assessment, adaptation, social environment, person-in environment fit, principles and components
• Approaches to social case work practice: Diagnostic and functional approach, problem solving, task centered and radical approach
• Process and techniques of social case work: Phases of case work intervention, techniques of case work intervention, principles of interviewing and case work recording
• Social group work: Definition, characteristics, functions, and group structure, classification of groups and making of social groups, issues of identity, diversity, and marginalization
• Social group work process and group dynamics: Principles, determinants, indicators, and outcomes, decision making and problem solving process, theories of leadership, roles and responsibilities of group leaders
• Group development: Stages of group work, techniques, and skills in group work, group climate, communication in groups, use of programme media and group work recording, monitoring, and evaluation
• Practice sites of social case work and social group work: Client groups and various settings (children, correctional, health, women, persons with disabilities, older persons, oppressed groups, religious minorities)
• Practice sites of social case work and social group work: (Persons who are gay and lesbian and other socially and economically disadvantaged groups)

Social work: Unit 04

• Community organization: Concept, definition, scope, and historical perspective in India, UK, and USA, the role of community-based organizations, human capital and social capital
• Process of community organization: Steps in community organization, methods, principles, skills, assumptions, record maintaince, involving NGOs in community organization
• Approaches in community organization practice-models, strategies, the role of community based organizations, leadership development and leaders, building partnerships and coalitions
• Social action and social movements: Concept, history, social action as a method of social work
• Models of social action: Conscientisation model of Paulo Freire, role of ideology, Saul Alinsky as a radical community organizer, liberation theology
• Social movements: Origin, nature, types of movements, theories of movement and new social movements
• Social movements, social action, and social change: Movement analysis-ideology, structure, leadership, process and outcomes, analysis of ideology and approach of (Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Frantz Fanon)

Social work: Unit 05

• Quantitative research: Basics of social science research-meaning of research, social science and social work research: Meaning, nature, and scope. Steps in social science research: Identifications and formulations of research problem, literature review
• Quantitative research: Steps in social science research-objectives and hypothesis formulation, research design, sample design, sources, methods, and tools of data collection
• Quantitative research: Steps in social science research-processing and analysis of data and writing research reports including presentations and styles of references, citing, and paraphrasing
• Quantitative research: Basic statistical concepts-process of statistical enquiry and dealing with descriptive and inferential statistical methods, parametric, and nonparametric tests
• Qualitative research: Qualitative research-meaning, basic tenets of qualitative research, difference between quantitative and qualitative approach to research in social work
• Qualitative research: Designing qualitative research-steps, methods of qualitative research (field study, case study, focus group discussions, narratives, observation and theoretic research)
• Qualitative research: Managing qualitative data-procedures and techniques of analyzing qualitative data and report writing
• Mixed method research: Components of mixed methods, procedures of combing quantitative and qualitative research

Social work: Unit 06

• Social welfare administration: Meaning, history, principles, nature, and type of organizations
• Types of administration: Distinction between social welfare administration, public administration, and social security administrations
• Registration of welfare agencies: Laws relating to societies, trust and non-profit organizations, challenges
• Structure of social welfare administration: Service providers, administrative structures (government and non-government), organization and management of institutional welfare services
• Components of administration: Planning, coordination, staff recruitment, training and development, recording and documentation, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation, networking and maintaining pubic relations
• Strategies and mechanisms of administration: Role of social workers in decision making process, communication, role description and functioning, sustainability of programmes
• Fund raising and resource mobilization: Grant-in-aid (principles and procedures), resource mobilization, financial administration and social marketing-process and models

Social work: Unit 07

• Social policy: Concept, goals, scope, context and models of social policy and applicability in Indian context
• Historical development: Evolution and historical perspective of various policies, implementation of social policies especially for marginalized and vulnerable sections of the society
• Process of policy formulation: Determinants and steps, approaches to social policy formulation, impact of changing political scenario in a country
• Social planning; Concept, objectives, scope, models, interrelationship between social and economic planning, social planning in India
• Five year plans: changes in social planning with five years plans in India, social planning and social change, factors leading to development of planning in India. Roles and functions of NITI Aayog
• Social development: Positive and negative dimensions of social development; concept, models and theories, historical and social context of development in India
• Sustainable development: Concept, strategies, critical issues, salient features of social development. Approaches to social development; similarities and differences. strategic development goals
• Sustainable development: Human development index and indicators for policies and programmes

Social work: Unit 08

• Indian constitution: Characteristics, features, preamble, directive principles of state policy and articles
• Social justice: Concept, definition, historical development, dimensions, manifestations and social justice as a core value of social work profession
• Social justice and leadership: Community building, personal, and community empowerment, social justice and technology, promoting a plan and vision for change, reflections and connection, social reconstructions, paradigms, policies, privileges
• Social justice and leadership: Implications of social justice for policy formulation
• Instrument of social justice: Constitutional base and Indian legal system, legal and public advocacy, role of civil society as a pressure group, statutory bodies
• History of human rights: Concept and historical context of human rights, human rights declarations, treaties and conventions, human rights and protection systems, human rights in the Indian context
• Human rights and social work: Code of ethics of social work and protection of human rights, human rights perspective in social work practice, ethnic sensitive practice, feminist practice, social work with diverse groups
• Violation of human rights and social work practice: Social work with the victims of human rights violations and human rights activism. Role of UNHCR, national human rights commission and international human rights agencies

Social work: Unit 09

• Health care social work practice, social work with older persons and persons with disabilities, gender, labour welfare, industrial relations, personnel management and human resource management
• Medical social work and psychiatric social work: Concept, evolution, roles, functions/ responsibilities of medical social workers and psychiatric social workers
• Mental health and disease: Normal and abnormal behaviour, epidemiology, etiology, types, clinical manifestation and management of schizophrenia, mood disorders, neurotic disorders, stress related disorders, somatoform disorders
• Mental health and disease: Child and adolescent mental health problems, legislations related to mental health
• Theories of aging and vulnerability: Psychological and sociological theories of aging, psychological, social, physical needs and problems of older persons. Rights of older persons against neglect, abuse
• Theories of aging and vulnerability: Violence and abandonment and social work interventions
• Persons with disabilities: Models of disability, disability movement-historical perspective, national and international milestones from welfare to right based approach, legislative measures, and social work interventions
• Gender and development: Expressions of gender disparity in education, health, property, employment and livelihood, decision making, feminization of poverty and manifestations of gender based violence
• Gender and development: Constitutional and legislative safeguards and social work interventions
• Labour welfare and human resource management (HRM): Historical background of industrial development as a sub-system of society, concept of labour welfare, nature, objectives, principles, theories, principles of labour welfare, labour legislations
• Labour welfare and human resource management (HRM): Human reosurce management-concept, scope, evolution, theories, models, sub-systems, human resources development (HRD)-performance management system, types, six sigma, ISO, total quality management
• Labour welfare and human resource management (HRM): Corporate social responsibility (CSR)-concept, issues, practices, models, components, approaches, and corporate governance
• Personnel management and industrial relations: Concept, definition, objectives, scope., functions, determinants, and reflectors of industrial relations, models of industrial relations, globalization and industry
• Personnel management and industrial relations: International labour organization (ILO) role, functions; collective bargaining, job analysis, manpower planning, organization behaviour and organization development interventions

Social work: Unit 10

• Social defence and correctional services, social work with familiaes and children, environment and social work, social work and disaster management
• Social defence: Concept, philosophy, and changing dimensions, children in need of care and protection, juveniles in conflict with law, street and working children and young offenders, probation and parole. Emerging issues in social defence
• Legislations and criminal justice system: Juvenile justice (care and protection of children) act, 2000, immoral traffic prevention act, 1986, probation of offenders act, 1958, beggary prevention act, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substance act, 1986
• Legislations and criminal justice system: Prison act, and criminal justice system
• Social work with families: Functions, developmental stages and family patterns, family dynamics and theoretical models of family functioning (circumflex model, MC master model and structural model) and social work interventions
• Child development: Concept, philosophy and historical context, state of children in India-demographic profile, education, and protection
• Policies and programmes for children: Constitutional provisions, national policy on children, international perspective and un convention an rights of children, programmes and legislative measures related to female feticide, adoption, foster care
• Policies and programmes for children: Guardianship and child marriage and social work interventions
• Environment and social work: Causes and consequences, differential impact on women, poor, marginalized groups and indigenous populations. Environment in the human rights perspective. Environmental movements and social work interventions in the management
• Environment and social work: Protection and promotion of the environment
• Social work and disaster management: Disaster related concept and definitions-hazard, risk, vulnerability and disaster, different forms of natural and manmade disasters. Impact of disaster and disaster management initiatives
• Social work and disaster management: Pre and post disaster interventions

Public administration: Unit 01

• Public administration-meaning, nature, scope, and significance; evolution and present status of the discipline; politics administration dichotomy; globalization and public administration; paradigm shift from government to governance
• Principles of organization: Division of work; hierarchy; coordination; unity of command; span of control; authority, power and responsibility; delegation, centralization and decentralization; line, staff and auxiliary agencies; leadership and supervision
• Principles of organization: Decision-making and communication
• Meaning, nature and scope of personnel administration: Classification, recruitment, training, promotion, compensation and service conditions, discipline, civil service neutrality, anonymity and commitment, professional associations, and unionism

Public administration: Unit 02

• Approaches to the study of public administration: Oriental-Kautilya; classical-F.W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber, Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick; human relations-Elton Mayo, Mary Parker Follett; behaviouralism-Chester Barnard, Herbert Simon
• Motivation-Abraham Maslow, Fredrick Herzberg, Douglas McGregor; organizational humanism-Chris Argyris, Rensis Likert; writers on administration: Dwight Waldo, Ferrel Heady, Robert Golembiewski and Peter Drucker; Minnowbrook perspective
• Writers on administration: New public service and post modernism

Public administration: Unit 03

• Evolution-ancient, Mughal and British periods; constitutional framework: Parliamentary and federal features
• Union government: President; prime minister and council of ministers; cabinet committees; central secretariat; cabinet secretariat; and prime minister office
• Election commission and electoral reforms, Union State Relations
• Accountability: Legislative; Executive; and Judicial
• Citizen grievance redressal mechanism: Lok pal; Lokayukta; central vigilance commission, and regulatory authorities
• Issue areas: Politician and civil Servant relations, generalists and specialists debate and combating corruption
• Civil Services: Classification-all India services, central services, and state services; recruitment agencies-union public service commission
• Civil Services: State public service commissions and other commissions and boards: capacity building of civil servants and civil service reforms
• Planning: Planning commission, national development council, NITI aayog, state planning commissions/ boards and planning departments
• Judiciary: Indian constitution and independence of judiciary-supreme court; high courts; judicial review and public interest litigation and judicial reforms. Police administration and reforms. E-Governance initiatives in Indian administration

Public administration: Unit 04

• Constitutional framework of state administration-state legislature; governor-role and functions; chief minister-powers and functions; council of ministers; role and functions of chief secretary; state secretariat; directorates and commissionerate
• District administration-concept and evolution, district collector-power, functions and changing role; autonomous district councils-structure, powers and functions, district rural development agency; evolution of local governance in India
• Local governance: 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment acts-state election commission; state finance commission; district planning committee; rural governance-gram sabha, gram panchayats, panchayat samitis and Zila parishads, finance in PRIs
• Local governance: Personnel administration at local level; policies and programmes of rural development-MGNAREGA
• Growth of urbanization, urban governance-structure, composition, functions of municipal corporations, municipal councils, nagar panchayats and metropolitan governance-sources of finance; personnel administration
• Reforms in urban governance-solid waste management, smart and AMRUT cities

Public administration: Unit 05

• Comparative public administration: Concept, nature, scope, and significance of comparative public administration; public administration and its environment
• Approaches and methods to the study of comparative administration: Institutional, behavioural, structural-functional, ecological, and systems approaches
• Fred Riggs’s typology of societies and features; problems of comparative research; comparative studies-influence of globalization; salient features of the administrative systems of UK, USA, France, and Japan
• Development administration: Development and its dimensions. Development and modernization; approaches to development-sustainable development and antidevelopment; sustainable development goals (SDGs)
• Development administration: Concept, nature, scope, objectives, features and significance; ecology of development administration, contribution of Fred Riggs, Dwight Waldo and Edward Widener; role of bureaucracy in development
• Development administration: Globalization and development administration; emergence of non-state actors in development administration; public-private partnerships; corporate social responsibility, human development indicators, and social audit

Public administration: Unit 06

• Economic policies-mixed economy to liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG); new economic policy (NEP); industrial policy since independence; government in business-public enterprises concept, growth and forms of public enterprises
• Management, problem of accountability, and autonomy; disinvestment policies
• Financial administration: Public finance-revenue and expenditure: Nature, scope and significance of financial administration; budget-meaning, purpose, and significance; budgetary process-preparation, enactment and execution
• Financial administration: Types of budget-PPBS, performance budget, zero-based budget, and gender budget; fiscal responsibility and budget management act (FRBMA) and sunset legislation
• Fiscal federalism-union-state financial relations, finance commission
• Financial controllegislature and executive; parliamentary committees and comptroller and auditor general of India
• Taxation policies-principles of taxation-progressive and proportional taxation-reforms in taxation policies

Public administration: Unit 07

• Concept of social welfare, social justice and social change; concept of equity and inclusiveness in social justice; concept of affirmative action-reservations; institutional arrangement for social welfare and social justice administration
• NGOs, civil societies and voluntary agencies; policies, programmes and institutional framework for the protection and welfare of SCs/ STs/ OBCs/ women/ children, aged, differently-abled (divyang) and minorities commissions-women, SC/ ST
• Minority-role and functions
• Disaster management-nature and types of disaster; institutional arrangements for disaster management; role of state and non-state actors

Public administration: Unit 08

• Nature, scope, and Importance of public policy; evolution of public policy and policy sciences; public policy and public administration
• Approaches to public policy-process approach, logical positivism, phenomenological approach, participatory, and normative approaches
• Theories and models of policy making-Harold Lasswell, Charles Lindblom, Yehezkel Dror
• Institutions of policy making-legislature, executive, and judiciary
• Types of policy analysis-empirical, normative, retrospective and prospective, prescriptive and descriptive
• Policy implementation, outcomes, and evaluation
• Constraints on public policy-socioeconomic, political, institutional, and cultural
• Role of media, public opinion, civil society, and pressure groups on policy making

Public administration: Unit 09

• Ancient discourse-Kautilya, Plato, and Aristotle on good governance; elements and forms of good governance; theories and concepts of governance-world bank and UNDP; state, market and civil society, public choice theory, new public management
• Public value theory, governance as theory, governance, and public governance
• Networking and collaborative governance, business process re-engineering, ICT and governance, e-government and e-governance, e-readiness and digital divide
• Accountability, openness, and transparency; gender and governance
• Citizen and governance: Civil society-role and limitations, citizen participation, right to information-RTI act and administrative reforms, national information commission, citizen charter-concept, objectives, and significance
• Ethics and public accountability in governance: rule of law and administrative law, delegated legislation and administrative adjudication
• Ethical foundations of governance: Constitutional values, family, society, and education

Public administration: Unit 10

• Social science research-meaning and significance; distinction between methodology and method; facts and values in research; role of research in theory-building; scientific method; objectivity in social research; types of research
• Identification of research problem; hypotheses and null hypotheses; validation of hypothesis; research design; methods of data collection-primary and secondary sources-(observation; questionnaire and interview, use of library, and internet)
• Sampling and sampling techniques; scales of measurement; analysis of data and use of computers in social science research-SPSS; citation patterns and ethics of research; bibliography; report writing

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Sequences and series, continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem, sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, Riemann integral-definition and simple properties
• Algebra of complex numbers, analytic functions, Cauchy's theorem and integral formula, power series, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residues, contour integration

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Space of n-vectors, Linear dependence, Basis, Linear transformation, Algebra of matrices, Rank of a matrix, Determinants, Linear equations, Quadratic forms, Characteristic roots and vectors

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Sample space, discrete probability, simple theorems on probability, independence of events, Bayes’s theorem, discrete and continuous random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions; expectation and moments, independence of random variables
• Chebyshev’s inequality

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Convex sets, linear programming problem (LPP)
• Examples of LPP
• Hyper plane, open and closed half-spaces
• Feasible, basic feasible and optimal solutions
• Extreme point and graphical method

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Finite, countable and uncountable sets, bounded and unbounded sets, Archimedean property, ordered field, completeness of R, extended real number system, limsup and liminf of a sequence, the epsilon-delta definition of continuty and convergence
• The algebra of continuous functions, monotonic functions, types of discontinuities, infinite limits and limits at infinity, functions of bounded variation, elements of metric spaces

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Riemann sphere and stereographic projection
• Lines, circles, cross ratio
• Mobius transformations, analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, line integrals, Cauchy's theorem, Morera's theorem, Liouville's theorem, integral formula, zero-sets of analytic functions, exponential
• Sine and cosine functions, power siries representation, classification of singularities, conformal mapping

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Group, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, Cayley's theorm, rings, ideals, integral domains, fields, polynomial rings

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Vector spaces, subspaces, quotient spaces, linear independence, bases, dimension
• The algebra of linear transformations, kernal, range, isomorphism, matrix representation of a linear transformation, change of bases, linear functionals, dual space, projection, determinant function, Eigen values and Eigen vector Scayley-Hamilton theorem
• Invariant sub-spaces, canonical forms: Diagonal form, triangular form, Jordan form. Inner product spaces

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 09

• First order ode, singular solutions initial value problems of first order ode, general theory of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear ode, variation of parameters
• Lagrange's and Charpit's methods of solving first order partial differential equations
• PDE's of higher order with constant coefficients

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Graphical representation, measures of central tendency and dispersion
• Bivariate data correlation and regression
• Least squares-polynomial regression, applications of normal distribution

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 11

• Axiomatic definition of probability
• Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments; independent events and independent random variables; Bayes’s theorem; marginal and conditional distribution in the multivariate case
• Covariance matrix and correlation coefficients (product moment, partial and multipal), regression
• Moment generating functions, characteristic functions; probability inequalities (Tehebyshef, Markov, Jensen)
• Convergence in probability and in distribution; weak law of large numbers and central limit theorem for independent identically distributed random variables with finite variance

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 12

• Bernoulli, binomial, multinomial
• Hypergeomatric, Poisson, geometric and negative binomial distributions, uniform, exponential, Cauchy, beta, gamma, and normal (univariate and multivariate) distributions transformations of random variables
• Sampling distributions
• T, f, and chi-square distributions as sampling distributions, as sampling distributions, standard errors and large sample distributions
• Distribution of order statistics and range

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 13

• Methods of estimation: Maximum likelihood method, method of moments, minimum chi-square method, least- squares method
• Unbiasedness, efficiency, consistency
• Cramer-rao inequality
• Sufficient, statistics
• Rao-blackwell theorem
• Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators
• Estimation by confidence intervals
• Tests of hypotheses: Simple and composite hypotheses, two types of errors, critical region, randomized test, power function, most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests
• Likelihood-ratio tests
• Wald's sequential probability ratio test

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 14

• Tests for mean and variance in the normal distribution: One-population and two-population cases; related confidence intervals
• Tests for product moment, partial and multiple correlation coefficients; comparison of K linear regressions
• Fitting polynomial regression; related test analysis of discrete date: Chi-square test of goodness of fit, contingency tables
• Analysis of variance: One-way and two-way classification (equal number of observations per cell)
• Large sample tests through normal approximation
• Nonparametric tests: Sign test, median test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test for one and two-samples, rank correlation and test of independence

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 15

• Definition and scope of operational research
• Different types of models
• Replacement models and sequencing theory, inventory problems and their analytical structure
• Simple deterministic and stochastic models of inventory control
• Basic characteristics of queuing system, different performance measures, steady state solution of Markovian queuing models: m/m/1, m/m/1 with limited waiting space m/m/c, m/m/c with limited waiting space

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 16

• Linear programming, simplex method, duality in linear programming
• Transformation and assignment problems
• Two person-zero sum games
• Equivalence of rectangular game and linear programming

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 17

• Sampling techniques and estimation: Simple random sampling with and without replacement
• Stratified sampling; allocation problem; systematic sampling two stage sampling
• Related estimation problems in the above cases

Mathematical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 18

• Basic principles of experimental design
• Randomisation structure and analysis of completely randomised, randomised blocks and Latin-square designs
• Factorial experiments
• Analysis of 2n factorial experiments in randomized blocks

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 01

• Riemann integrable functions; improper integrals, their convergence, and uniform convergence
• Euclidean space R, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, compact subsets of R, Heine-Borel T\ theorem, Fourier series
• Continuity of functions on R”, differentiability of F: R-Rᵐ
• Properties of differential, partial, and directional derivatives, continuously differentiable functions
• Taylor's series
• Inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 02

• Cauchy's theorem for convex regions
• Power series representation of analtic functions
• Liouville's theorem, fundamental theorem of algebra Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, maximum modulus principle
• Schwarz Iemma, open mapping theorem, Casorattl-Weierstrass-theorem, Weierstrass's theorem on uniform convergence on compact sets, Bilinear transformations, multivalued analytic functions, Riemann surfaces

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 03

• Symmetric groups, alternating groups, simple groups, rings, maximal ideals, prime ideals, integral domains Euclidean domains, principal ideal domains, unique factorization domains, quotient fields, finite fields, algebra of linear transformations
• Reduction of matrices to canonical forms, inner product spaces, orthogonality, quadratic forms, reduction of quadratic forms

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 04

• Elements of metric spaces, convergence, continuity, compactness, connectedness, Weierstrass's approximation theorem, completeness, Baire category theorem, Labesgue measure, Labesgue integral, differentiation and integration

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 05

• Conjugate elements and class equations of finite groups, Sylow theorems, solvable groups, Jordan Holder theorem, direct products, structure theorem for finite abelian groups, chain conditions on rings; characteristic of field, field extensions
• Elements of Galois theory, solvability by raducals, ruler, and compass construction

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 06

• Banach spaces Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping and closed graph theorems
• Principal of uniform boundedness, boundedness and continuity of linear transformations, dual space, embedding in the second dual, Hilbert spaces, projections
• Orthonormal basis, Riesz-representation theorem, Bessel's inequality, Parsaval's identity, self adjoined operators, normal operators

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 07

• Elements of Topological Spaces, Continuity, convergence, Homeomorphism, Compactness, Connectedness, Separation Axioms, First and Second Countability, Separability, Subspaces, Product Spaces, quotient spaces
• Tychonoft's theorem, Urysohn's metrization theorem, homotopy and fundamental group

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 08

• Partially ordered sets, lattices, cornplete lattices, distrbutive lattices, complements, Boolean algebra, Boolean expressions, application to switching circuits, elements of graph theory, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, planar graphs, directed graphs
• Trees, permutations and combinations, pigeonhole principle, principle of inclusion and exclusion, derangements

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 09

• Existence and uniqueness of solution dy/dx = f (x, y) Green's function, Sturm Liouville boundary value problems, Cauchy problems and characteristics, classification of second order PDE
• Separation of variables for heat equation, wave equation, and Laplace equation, special functions

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 10

• Divisibility; linear Diophantine equations
• Congruence’s
• Quadratic residues; sums of two squares, arithmetic functions Mu, Tau, and Sigma (and)

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 11

• Generalize coordinates; Lagrange’s equation; Hamilton's canonical equations; variational principles-Hamilton's principles and principles of least action; two dimensional motion of rigid bodies; Euler's dynamical equations for the motion of rigid body
• Motion of a rigid body about an axis; motion about revolving axes

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 12

• Analysis of strain and stress, strain and stress tensors; geometrical representation; compatibility conditions; Strain energy function; constitutive relations; elastic solids 'Hookes law'; Saint-Venant's principle, equations of equilibrium
• Plane problem-Airy's stress function vibrations of elastic, cylindrical and spherical media

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 13

• Equation of continuity in fluid motion; Euler's equations of motion for perfect fluids; two dimensional motion complex potential; motion of sphere in perfect liquid and montion of liquid past a sphere; vorticity
• Navier-Stokes's equations for viscous flows some exact solutions

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 14

• Space curves-their curvature and torsion; Serret Frehat formula; fundamental theorem of space curves; curves on sirfaces; first and second fundamental form; Gaussian curvatures; principal directions and principal curvatures; goedesics
• Fundamental equations of surface theory

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 15

• Linear functionals, minimal functional theorem, general variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation; Variational methods of boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 16

• Linear integral equations of the first and second kind of Fredholm and Volterra type; solution by successive substitutions and successive approximations; solution of equations with separable kernels; the Fredholm alternative
• Holbert-Schmidt theory for symmetric kernels

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 17

• Finite differences, interpolation; numerical solution of algebraic equation; iteration; Newton-Raphason method; solution on linear system; direct method; Gauss elminaiton method; Matrix-inversion Eigen value problems
• Numerical differentiation and integration
• Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation; iteration method, Picard’s method , Euler’s method and improved Euler’s method

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 18

• Laplace transform; transform of elementary functions, transform of derivatives, inverse transform, convolution theorem, applications, ordinary and partial differential equations; Fourier transform; sine and cosine transform, inverse Fourier transform
• Application to ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 19

• Revised simplex method, dual simplex method, sensitivity analysis and parametric linear programming
• Kuhn-Tucker conditions of optimality
• Quadratic programming
• Methods due to Beale, Wofle, and Van De Panne, duality in quadratic programming, self duality, integer programming

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 20

• Measurable and measure spaces: Extension of measures, signed measures, Jordan-Hahn decomposition theorems
• Integration, monotone convergence theorem, Fatou's lemma, dominaated convergence theorem
• Absolute continuity, Radon Nikodym theorem, Product measures, Fubini's theorem

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 21

• Sequences of events and random variables: Zero-one laws of Borel and Kolmogorov
• Almost sure convergence, convergence in mean square, Khintchine's weak law of large numbers; Kolmogorov's inequality, strong law of large numbers
• Convergence of series of random variables, three-series criterion
• Central limit theorems of Liapounov and Lindeberg-Feller
• Conditional expectation, martingales

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 22

• Properties of distribution functions and characteristic functions; continuity theorem, inversion formula, Representation of distribution function as a mixture of discrete and continuous distribution functions
• Convolutions, marginal and conditional distributions of bivariate discrete and continuous distributions
• Relations between characteristic functions and moments; moment inequalities of Holder and Minkowski

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 23

• Statistical decision problem: Non-randomized, mixed and randomized decision rules; risk function admissibility, Baye’s rules, minimax rules, least favourable distributions, complete class and minimal complete class
• Statistical decision problem: Decision problem for finite parameter space. Convex loss function. Role of sufficiency
• Admissible, Baye’s and minimax estimators; illustrations
• Unbiasedness
• UMVU estimators
• Families of distributions with monotone likelihood property, exponential family of distributions
• Test of a simple hypothesis against a simple alternative from decision-theoretic viewpoint
• Tests with Neyman structure
• Uniformly most powerful unbiased tests
• Locally most powerful tests
• Inference on location and scale parameters; estimation and tests
• Equivariant estimators
• Invariance in hypothesis testing

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 24

• Various modes of convergence
• Op and op, CLT, Sheffe's theorem, Polya's theorem, and Slutsky's theorem
• Transformation and variance stabilizing formula
• Asymptotic distribution of function of sample moments
• Sample quintiles
• Order statistics and their functions
• Tests on correlations, coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis
• Pearson chi-square, contingency chi-square, and likelihood ratio statistics
• U-statistics consistency of test
• Asymptotic relative efficiency

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 25

• Singular and non-singular multivariate distributions
• Characteristics functions
• Multivariate normal distributions, marginal and conditional distributions; distribution of linear forms, and quadratic forms, Cochran's theorem
• Inference on parameters of multivariate normal distributions, one-population and two population cases
• Wishart distribution
• Hotellings T2, Mahalanobis D2 Discrimination analysis, principal components, Canonical correlations, Cluster analysis

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 26

• Standard Gauss-Markov models; estimability of parameters; best linear unbiased estimates (BLUE); method of least squares and Gauss-Markov theorem; variance-covariance matrix of BLUES
• Tests of linear hypothesis; one-way and two-way classifications
• Fixed, random and mixed effects models (two-way classifications only); variance components, bivariate and multiple linear regression; polynomial regression; use of orthogonal polynomials
• Analysis of covariance
• Linear and nonlinear regression outliers

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 27

• Sampling with varying probability of selection, Hurwitz-Thompson estimator; PPS sampling: Double sampling. Cluser sampling. Non-sampling errors: Interpenetrating samples. Multiphase sampling. Ratio and regression methods of estimation

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 28

• Factorial experiments, confounding and fractional replication
• Split and strip plot designs; Quasi-Latin square designs; Youden square
• Design for study of response surfaces; first and second order designs
• Incomplete block designs; balanced, connectedness and orthogonality, BIBD with recovery of inter-block information PBIBD with 2 associate classes
• Analysis of series of experiments, estimation of residual effects
• Construction of orthogonal-Latin squares, BIB designs, and confounded factorial designs
• Optimality criteria for experimental designs

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 29

• Discrete-parameter stochastic processes; strong and weak stationary; auto covariance and autocorrelation
• Moving average, autoregressive, autoregressive moving average and autoregressive integrated moving average processes
• Box-jenkins models
• Estimation of the parameters in ARIMA models; forecasting
• Periodogram and correlogram analysis

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 30

• Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behavior of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution; branching processes; Random walk; gambler's ruin
• Markov processes in continuous time; Poisson processes, birth and death processes, Wiener process

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 31

• Measures of fertility and mortality, period and Cohort measures
• Life tables and its applications; methods of construction of abridged life tables
• Application of stable population theory to estimate vital rates
• Population projections
• Stochastic models of fertility and reproduction

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 32

• Control charts for variables and attributes; acceptance sampling by attributes; single, double and sequential sampling plans; OC and ASN functions, AOQL and ATI; acceptance sampling by varieties
• Tolerance limits reliability analysis: Hazard function, distribution with DFR and IFR; series and parallel systems
• Life testing experiments

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 33

• Inventory (S, s) policy periodic review models with stochastic demand
• Dynamic inventory models
• Probabilistic re-order point, lot size inventory system with and without lead time
• Distribution free analysis
• Solution of inventory problem with unknown density function
• Warehousing problem
• Queues: Imbedded Markov chain method to obtain steady state solution of M/G/1, G/M/1, and M/D/C, network models
• Machine maintenance models
• Design and control of queuing systems

Mathematical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 34

• Nature of dynamic programming, deterministic processes, non-sequential discrete optimization-allocation problems, assortment problems
• Sequential discrete optimization long-term planning problems, multi stage production processes
• Functional approximations
• Marketing systems, application of dynamic programming to marketing problems
• Introduction of new product, objective in setting market price and its policies, purchasing under fluctuating prices, advertising and promotional decisions, brands switching analysis, distribution decisions

Environmental sciences: Unit 01

• Definition, principles, and scope of environmental science
• Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere
• Laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer processes, mass and energy transfer across various interfaces, material balance
• Meteorological parameters: Pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity, mixing ratio, saturation mixing ratio, radiation and wind velocity, adiabatic lapse rate, environmental lapse rate. Wind roses
• Interaction between earth, man and environment
• Biogeographic provinces of the world and agro-climatic zones of India
• Concept of sustainable development
• Natural resources and their assessment
• Remote sensing and GIS: Principles of remote sensing and GIS. Digital image processing and ground truthing
• Remote sensing and GIS: Application of remote sensing and gis in land cover/ land use planning and management (urban sprawling, vegetation study, forestry, natural resource), waste management, and climate change
• Environmental education and awareness
• Environmental ethics

Environmental sciences: Unit 02

• Fundamentals of environmental chemistry: Classification of elements, stoichiometry, Gibbs’ energy, chemical potential, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibria, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons
• Fundamentals of environmental chemistry: Radioisotopes
• Composition of air
• Particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere
• Chemical speciation
• Chemical processes in the formation of inorganic and organic particulate matters, thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, oxygen, and ozone chemistry
• Photochemical smog
• Hydrological cycle
• Water as a universal solvent
• Concept of DO, BOD, and COD
• Sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration, pH and redox potential (eH)
• Inorganic and organic components of soils
• Biogeochemical cycles-nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and sulphur
• Toxic chemicals: Pesticides and their classification and effects. Biochemical aspects of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) and metalloids (As, Se). CO, O₃, PAN, VOC, and POP. Carcinogens in the air
• Principles of analytical methods: titrimetry, gravimetry, bomb calorimetry, chromatography (paper chromatography, TLC, GC and HPLC), flame photometry, spectrophotometry (UV-vis, AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS), electrophoresis, XRF, XRD, NMR, FTIR, GC-MS, SEM, TEM

Environmental sciences: Unit 03

• Ecology as an inter-disciplinary science
• Origin of life and speciation
• Human ecology and settlement
• Ecosystem structure and functions: Structures-biotic and abiotic components. Functions-energy flow in ecosystems, energy flow models, food chains, and food webs. Biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession
• Ecosystem structure and functions: Species diversity, concept of ecotone, edge effects, ecological habitats and niche. Ecosystem stability and factors affecting stability. Ecosystem services
• Basis of ecosystem classification
• Types of ecosystem: desert (hot and cold), forest, rangeland, wetlands, lotic, lentic, estuarine (mangrove), oceanic
• Biomes: Concept, classification and distribution. Characteristics of different biomes: Tundra, Taiga, Grassland, Deciduous forest biome, Highland Icy Alpine Biome, Chapparal, Savanna, Tropical Rain forest
• Population ecology: Characteristics of population, concept of carrying capacity, population growth and regulations. Population fluctuations, dispersion, and metapopulation. Concept of ‘r’ and ‘k’ species. Keystone species
• Community ecology: Definition, community concept, types, and interaction-predation, herbivory, parasitism, and allelopathy. Biological invasions
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition, types, importance of biodiversity and threats to biodiversity. Concept and basis of identification of ‘hotspots’; hotspots in India. Measures of biodiversity
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Strategies for biodiversity conservation-in-situ, ex-situ and in-vitro conservation. National parks, sanctuaries, protected areas and sacred groves in India. Concepts of gene pool, biopiracy and bioprospecting
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Strategies for biodiversity conservation-concept of restoration ecology, extinct, rare, endangered and threatened flora and fauna of India. Concept of industrial ecology
• Toxicology and microbiology: Absorption, distribution and excretion of toxic agents, acute, and chronic toxicity, concept of bioassay, threshold limit value, margin of safety, therapeutic index, biotransformation
• Toxicology and microbiology: Major water borne diseases and air borne microbes
• Environmental biotechnology: Bioremediation-definition, types and role of plants and microbes for in-situ and ex-situ remediation. Bioindicators, biofertilizers, biofuels, and biosensors

Environmental sciences: Unit 04

• Origin of earth
• Primary geochemical differentiation and formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere, and hydrosphere
• Concept of minerals and rocks
• Formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks
• Controls on formation of landforms-tectonic including plate tectonic and climatic
• Concept of steady state and equilibrium, energy budget of the earth
• Earth’s thermal environment and seasons
• Coriolis force, pressure gradient force, frictional force, geo-strophic wind field, gradient wind
• Climates of India, western disturbances, Indian monsoon, droughts, El Nino, La Nina
• Concept of residence time and rates of natural cycles
• Geophysical fields
• Weathering including weathering reactions, erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments
• Soil forming minerals and process of soil formation, Identification and characterization of clay minerals, Soil physical and chemical properties, soil types and climate control on soil formation, Cation exchange capacity and mineralogical controls
• Geochemical classification of elements, abundance of elements in bulk earth, crust, hydrosphere and biosphere
• Partitioning of elements during surficial geologic processes, geochemical recycling of elements
• Paleoclimate
• Distribution of water in earth, hydrology and hydrogeology, major basins and groundwater provinces of india, darcy’s law and its validity, groundwater fluctuations, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater tracers, land subsidence
• Effects of excessive use of groundwater, groundwater quality
• Pollution of groundwater resources, Ghyben-Herzberg relation between fresh-saline water
• Natural resource exploration and exploitation and related environmental concerns
• Historical perspective and conservation of non-renewable resources
• Natural hazards: Catastrophic geological hazards-floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanism, avalanche, tsunami and cloud bursts. Prediction of hazards and mitigation of their impacts

Environmental sciences: Unit 05

• Sun as source of energy; solar radiation and its spectral characteristics
• Fossil fuels: classification, composition, physico-chemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas. Shale oil, coal bed methane, gas hydrates. Gross-calorific value and net-calorific value
• Principles of generation of hydro-power, tidal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion, wind power, geothermal energy, solar energy (solar collectors, photo-voltaic modules, solar ponds)
• Nuclear energy-fission and fusion, nuclear fuels, nuclear reactor-principles, and types
• Bioenergy: methods to produce energy from biomass
• Environmental implications of energy use; energy use pattern in India and the world, emissions of CO2 in developed and developing countries including India, radiative forcing and global warming
• Impacts of large scale exploitation of solar, wind, hydro, and nuclear energy sources

Environmental sciences: Unit 06

• Air pollution: Sources and types of pollutants-natural and anthropogenic sources, primary and secondary pollutants. Criteria air pollutants. Sampling and monitoring of air pollutants (gaseous and particulates); period, frequency and duration of sampling
• Air pollution: Principles and instruments for measurements of-(i) ambient air pollutants concentration and, (ii) stack emissions. Indian national ambient air quality standards. Impact of air pollutants on human health, plants and materials. Acid rain
• Air pollution: Dispersion of air pollutants. Mixing height/ depth, lapse rates, Gaussian plume model, line source model and area source model. Control devices for particulate matter: Principle and working of- settling chamber, centrifugal collectors
• Air pollution: Control devices for particulate matter-wet collectors, fabric filters, and electrostatic precipitator. Control of gaseous pollutants through adsorption, absorption, condensation and combustion including catalytic combustion
• Air pollution: Indoor air pollution, vehicular emissions and urban air quality
• Noise pollution: Sources, weighting networks, measurement of noise indices (Leq, L₁₀, L₉₀, L₅₀, LDN, TNI). noise dose and noise pollution standards. Noise control and abatement measures: Active and passive methods. Vibrations and their measurements
• Noise pollution: Impact of noise and vibrations on human health
• Water pollution: Types and sources of water pollution. Impact on humans, plants and animals. Measurement of water quality parameters: sampling and analysis for pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, hardness, chlorides, salinity, DO, BOD, COD, nitrates, phosphates
• Water pollution: Measurement of water quality parameters-sulphates, heavy metals and organic contaminants. Microbiological analysis-MPN. Indian standards for drinking water (IS:10500, 2012). Drinking water treatment: Coagulation and flocculation
• Water pollution: Drinking water treatment-sedimentation, and filtration, disinfection, and softening. Wastewater treatment: Primary, secondary, and advanced treatment methods. Common effluent treatment plant
• Soil pollution: Physico-chemical and biological properties of soil (texture, structure, inorganic, and organic components). Analysis of soil quality. Soil pollution control. Industrial effluents and their interactions with soil components
• Soil pollution: Soil micro-organisms and their functions-degradation of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers
• Thermal, marine pollution and radioactive: Sources of thermal pollution, heat islands, causes and consequences. Sources and impact of marine pollution. Methods of abatement of marine pollution. Coastal management. Radioactive pollution-sources
• Thermal, marine pollution and radioactive: Biological effects of ionizing radiations, radiation exposure and radiation standards, radiation protection

Environmental sciences: Unit 07

• Solid waste: Types and sources. Solid waste characteristics, generation rates, solid waste components, proximate and ultimate analyses of solid wastes
• Solid waste collection and transportation: Container systems-hauled and stationary, layout of collection routes, transfer stations, and transportation
• Solid waste processing and recovery: Recycling, recovery of materials for recycling and direct manufacture of solid waste products. Electrical energy generation from solid waste (fuel pellets, refuse derived fuels), composting and vermicomposting
• Solid waste processing and recovery: Biomethanation of solid waste. Disposal of solid wastes-sanitary land filling and its management, incineration of solid waste
• Hazardous waste: Types, characteristics, and health impacts. Hazardous waste management: Treatment methods-neutralization, oxidation reduction, precipitation, solidification, stabilization, incineration, and final disposal
• E-waste: classification, methods of handling and disposal
• Fly ash: Sources, composition, and utilisation
• Plastic waste: Sources, consequences, and management

Environmental sciences: Unit 08

• Aims and objectives of environmental impact assessment (EIA)
• Environmental impact statement (EIS) and environmental management plan (EMP)
• EIA guidelines
• Impact assessment methodologies
• Procedure for reviewing EIA of developmental projects
• Life-cycle analysis, costbenefit analysis
• Guidelines for environmental audit
• Environmental planning as a part of EIA and environmental audit
• Environmental management system standards (ISO14000 series)
• EIA notification, 2006 and amendments from time to time
• Eco-labeling schemes
• Risk assessment-hazard identification, hazard accounting, scenarios of exposure, risk characterization and risk management
• Overview of environmental laws in India: Constitutional provisions in India (article 48A and 51A), wildlife protection act, 1972 amendments 1991, forest conservation act, 1980, Indian forest act, revised 1982, biological diversity act, 2002
• Overview of environmental laws in India: Water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 amended 1988 and rules 1975, air (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1981 amended 1987 and rules 1982
• Overview of environmental laws in India: Environmental (protection) act, 1986 and rules 1986, motor vehicle act, 1988, the hazardous and other waste (management and transboundary movement) rules, 2016, the plastic waste management rules, 2016
• Overview of environmental laws in India: The biomedical waste management rules, 2016, the solid waste management rules, 2016, the e-waste (management) rules 2016, the construction and demolition waste management rules, 2016
• Overview of environmental laws in India: The manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemical (amendment) rules, 2000, the batteries (management and handling) rules, 2010 with amendments, the public liability insurance act, 1991 and rules 1991
• Overview of environmental laws in India: Noise pollution (regulation and control) rules, 2000, coastal regulation zones (CRZ) 1991 amended from time to time. National forest policy, 1988, national water policy, 2002, national environmental policy, 2006
• Environmental conventions and agreements: Stockholm conference on human environment 1972, montreal protocol, 1987, conference of parties (COPs), Basel Convention (1989, 1992), Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971), earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, 1992
• Environmental conventions and agreements: Agenda-21, global environmental facility (GEF), convention on biodiversity (1992), UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, 1997, clean development mechanism (CDM), earth summit at Johannesburg, 2002, RIO+20
• Environmental conventions and agreements: UN Summit on millennium development goals, 2000, Copenhagen Summit, 2009. IPCC, UNEP, IGBP

Environmental sciences: Unit 09

• Attributes and variables: Types of variables, scales of measurement, measurement of central tendency and dispersion, standard error, moments-measure of Skewness and Kurtosis, basic concept of probability theory, sampling theory
• Attributes and variables: Distributions-normal, log-normal, binomial, Poisson, t, x² and F-distribution. Correlation, regression, tests of hypothesis (t-test, x² -test ANOVA: one-way and two-way); significance and confidence limits
• Approaches to development of environmental models; linear, simple and multiple regression models, validation and forecasting
• Models of population growth and interactions: Lotka-Voltera model, Leslie’s matrix model

Environmental sciences: Unit 10

• Global environmental issues-biodiversity loss, climate change, ozone layer depletion
• Sea level rise
• International efforts for environmental protection
• National action plan on climate change: Eight national missions-national solar mission, national missionfor enhanced energy efficiency, national mission on sustainable habitat, national water mission
• National action plan on climate change: National mission for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem, national mission for a ‘green India’, national mission for sustainable agriculture, national mission on strategic knowledge for climate change

Environmental sciences: Unit 11

• Environmental issues related to water resource projects-Narmada dam, Tehri dam, Almatti dam, Cauvery and Mahanadi, hydro-power projects in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal and north-eastern states
• Water conservation-development of watersheds, rain water harvesting and ground water recharge
• National river conservation plan-Namami Gange and Yamuna action plan
• Eutrophication and restoration of lakes
• Conservation of wetlands, Ramsar sites in India
• Soil erosion, reclamation of degraded land, desertification and its control
• Climate change-adaptability, energy security, food security, and sustainability
• Forest conservation-Chipko movement, Appiko movement, silent valley movement and Gandhamardhan movement
• People biodiversity register
• Wildlife conservation projects: Project tiger, project elephant, crocodile conservation, GOI-UNDP sea turtle project, Indo-rhino vision
• Carbon sequestration and carbon credits
• Waste management-Swachha Bharat Abhiyan
• Sustainable habitat: Green building, GRIHA rating norms
• Vehicular emission norms in India
• Epidemiological issues: Fluorosis, arsenocosis, goitre, dengue
• Environmental disasters: Minnamata disaster, love canal disaster, Bhopal gas disaster, 1984, Chernobyl disaster, 1986, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, 2011

Physical science-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Plotting of graph, curve fitting, data analysis, elementary probability theory
• Calculus: Vector algebra and vector calculus
• Linear algebra, martices
• Linear differential equations
• Fourier: Series, Fourier transforms-elementary complex analysis

Physical science-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Basic principles of classical dynamics
• Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms
• Symmetries and conservation laws, motion in the central field of force
• Collision and scattering, mechanics of system of particles
• Rigid body dynamics
• Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces
• Small oscillations and normal modes
• Wave motion-wave equation, phase velocity, group velocity, dispersion
• Special theory of relativity-Lorentz transformations, addition of velocities, mass-energy equivalence, energy-momentum four-vector

Physical science-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Electrostatics-Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems, multiple expansion, dielectrics
• Magnetostatics-Ampere's theorem, Biot-Savart law, electromagnetic induction
• Maxwell's equation in free space and in linear isotropic media
• Boundary conditions on the field at interfaces
• Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance
• Electromagnetic waves-reflection and refraction, dispersion, rectangular wave guides
• Interference, coherence, visibility of fringes
• Diffraction, polarization, electrodynamics motion of a charged particle in electric and magnetic fields
• Radiation from moving charges, radiation from a dipole

Physical science-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Wave-particle duality
• Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
• Schrödinger equation
• Particle moving in a one-dimensional potential
• Orbital angular momentum
• Motion in a central potential symmetry conservation laws and degeneracy
• Operator formalism of quantum mechanics
• Angular momenta algebra, spin
• Addition of angular momenta
• Time-independent perturbation theory
• Time-dependent perturbation theory-adiabatic approximation
• Fermi's golden rule
• Elementary theory of scattering in a central potential
• Phase shifts, partial wave analysis
• Born approximation
• Schrodinger equation in a periodic potential, Bloch's theorem, tunnelling through a potential barrier
• Identical particles, spin statistics connection

Physical science-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell's relations
• Chemical potential, phase equilibrium
• Phase space, microstates and macrostates
• Ensembles
• Partition function, free energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities
• Classical and quantum statistics
• Degenerate electron gas, blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law
• Bose-einstein condensation
• Einstein and Debye models for lattice specific heat paramagnetism due to localized moments
• Elementary ideas on phase transitions-Van Der Waals fluid, weiss molecular field theory of ferromagnetism

Physical science-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Oscilloscopes, function generator, voltage and current sources, power supply, measurement of high and low resistance (voltage and current)
• AC bridges for L and C measurement of magnetic field
• Principles and conceptual basis of: (i) Optical sources, interferometry for wavelength measurements, (ii) production and measurement of low pressure (vacuum), (iii) power and single crystal (Laue) X-ray diffraction techniques
• Principles and conceptual basis of: (iv) Measurements of signals, signal to noise ratio

Physical science-Paper-III: Unit 01

• Schottky, tunnel, and MOS diodes, bipolar junction transistor, junction field effect, transistor (JFET) metal-oxide-semiconductor
• Field effect transistor (MOSFET), unijunction transistor and sillicon controlled rectifier (SCR), Opto-electronic devices (Photo-diode, solar cell, LED, LCD and photo transistor), Diffusion of impurities in sillicon, growth of oxide
• Applications of semiconductor devices in linear and digital circuits-Zener regulated power supply, transistor (bipolar, MOSFFT, JFET) as amplifier, coupling of amplifier stages (DC, RC, and transformer coupling), RC-coupled amplifier
• DC and power amplifier, feedback in amplifiers and oscillators (phase swift, Hartley, Colpitts and crustal controlled) clipping and clamping circuits
• Transistor as a switch OR, AND, and NOT gates (TIL and CMOS gates)
• Multivibrators (using transistor) and sweep generator (using transistors, UJT and SCR)
• Linear integrated circuits-operational amplifier and its applications-Inverting and non inverting amplifier, adder, integrator, differentiator, waveform generator, comparator and Schmitt trigger, Butterworth active filter, phase shifter
• Digital integrated circuits-NAND and NOR gates building block, X-OR gate, simple combinational circuits-half and full address, flip-flops, shift registers, counters, A/D and D/A converters, Semiconductor memories ROM, RAM, and EPROM, basic
• Architecture of 8 bit microprocessor (INTEL 8085)
• Communication electronics-basic principle of amplitude frequency and phase modulation
• Simple circuits for amplitude modulation and demodulation, digital (PCM) modulation and demodulation
• Fundamentals of optical communication, microwave oscillators (reflex, klystron, magnetron and Gunn diode), Cavity resonators
• Standing wave detector

Physical science-Paper-III: Unit 02

• Atomic physics-quantum states of an electron in an atom, hydrogen atom spectrum, electron spin, Stern-Gerlach experiment, spin-orbit coupling, fine structure, spectroscopic terms and selection rules, hyperfine structure
• Exchange symmetry of wave functions, Pauli exclusion principles, periodic table, alkali-type spectra, LS and JJ coupling, Hund's rules and term reversal
• Machanisms of line broadening
• Zeeman, Paschen-Back, and Stark effects
• Inner-shell vacancy, X-rays and Auger transitions, Compton effect
• Principles of resonance spectroscopy (ESR and NMR) molecular physics-covalent, ionic and Van Der Waal's interaction, Born-Oppenheimer approximation
• Heitler-London and molecular orbital theories of H2
• Rotation, rotation-vibration spectra, Raman spectra, selection rules, nuclear spin and intensity alteration, isotope effects, electronics states of diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle
• Laser-spontaneous and stimulated emission, optical pumping, population inversion, coherence (temporal and spatial), simple description of ammonia maser, CO2 and He-Ne lasers

Physical science-Paper-III: Unit 03

• Crystal classes and system, 2D and 3D lattices, bonding of common crystal structure; reciprocal lattice, diffraction and structure factor, elementary ideas about point defect and dislocations, short and long range order in liquids and solids
• Liquid crystals, quasi crystals, and glasses
• Lattice vibrations, phonons, specific heat of solids
• Free electron theory
• Fermi statistics, heat capacity and Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility
• Electron motion in periodic potentials energy bands in metals, insulators and semiconductors, tight binding approximation, impurity levels in doped semiconductors
• Dielectrics-polarization mechanisms, Clausius-Mossotti equation, piezo, pyro, and ferroelectricity
• Dia and Para magnetism, exchange interactions, magnetic order, ferro, anti ferro, and ferromagnetism
• Superconductivity-basic phenomenology, Meissner effect, Type I and Type II super conductors, BCS pairing mechanisms, High Tc materials

Physical science-Paper-III: Unit 04

• Basic nuclear properties-size, shape, charge distribution; spin and parity, binding, empirical mass formula, liquid drop model, nuclear stability and radioactive decay
• Nature of nuclear force, elements of deuteron problem and low energy N-N scattering charge independence + charge symmetry of nuclear forces
• Evidence for nuclear shell structure
• Single particle shell model-its validity and limitations
• Interactions of charged particles and X-rays with matter, basic principles of particle detectors ionization chamber, proportional counter and GM counters, solid state detectors-scintillation and semiconductor detectors
• Radioactive decays-[α β γ] decays, their classifications, and characteristics
• Basic theoretical understanding
• Nuclear reactions-Q values and kinematics of nuclear cross-sections, its energy and angular dependence, elementary ideas of reaction mechanisms, elementary ideas of fission and fusion
• Particle physics-classification of fundamental forces and elementary, particles, isopin, strangeness, Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula
• Quark model + SU (3) symmetry
• CTP invariances in different interactions, weak interactions, parity-non conservation, K-meson complex and time reversal invariance, elementary ideas of geuge theory of strong and weak interactions

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Atomic orbitals, electronic configuration of atoms (L-S coupling) and the periodic properties of elements, ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, concept of hybridization
• Molecular orbitals and electronic configuration of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules
• Shapes of polyatomic molecules
• VSEPR theory
• Symmetry elements and point groups for simple molecules
• Bond lengths, bond angles, bond order, and bond energies
• Resonance
• Types of chemical bond (weak and strong)
• Intermolecular forces
• Types of solids, lattice energy

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Bronsted and Lewis acids, and bases
• pH and pKa, acid-base concept in nonaqueous media, SHAB concept, buffer solutions

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Oxidation numbers, Redox potentials, Electrochemical series, Redox indicators

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Law of conservation of energy
• Energy and enthalpy of reactions
• Entropy, free energy, relationship between free energy change and equilibrium
• Rates of chemical reactions (first-and second-order reactions)
• Arrhenius equation and concept of transition state
• Mechanisms, including SN1 and SN2 reactions, electron transfer reactions, catalysis colligative properties of solutions

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 05

• General characteristics of each block
• Chemical principles involved in extraction and purification of common metals
• Coordination chemistry, structural aspects, isomerism, octahedral and tetrahedral crystal-field splitting of d-orbitals
• CFSE, magnetism and colour of transition metal ions
• Sandwich compounds metal carbonyls and metal clusters
• Rare gas compounds, non-stoichiometric oxides
• Radioactivity and transmutation of elements

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 06

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral structures, R-S nomenclature, diastereoisomerism in acyclic and cyclic-systems, E-Z isomerism
• Conformational analysis of simple cyclic (chair and boat cyclohexanes) and acyclic systems, interconverison of Fischer, Newman, and Sawhorse projections

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Reactive intermediates
• Formation and stability of carbonium ions, carbenes, nitrenes, radicals, and arynes
• Nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical substitution, addition, and elimination reactions
• Familiar name reactions: Aldol, Perkin, Stobbe, Dieckmann condensations; Hofmann, Schmidt, Lossen, Curtius, Beckmann and Fries rearrangements, Reimer-Tiemann, Reformatsky and Grignard reactions
• Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts reaction, Witting reaction
• Routine functional group transformations and inter-conversions of simple functionalities
• Hydroboration, Oppenauer oxidation, Clemmensen, Wolf-Kishner, Meerwein-Ponndorf Verley, and Birch reductions

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Vibrational, NMR, EPR, Mossbauer and mass spectral techniques to simple structural problems

Chemical sciences-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Types of errors, propagation of errors, accuracy, and precision, least-square analysis, average standard deviation

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 01

• Planck's quantum theory, wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, operators and commutation relations, postulates of quantum mechanics and Schrodinger equation, free particle, pastick in a box, degeneracy, harmonic oscillator
• Rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom
• Angular momentum including spin coupling of angular momenta including spin-orbit coupling

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 02

• Application to the helium, atom, antisymmetry and exclusion principle, slater determinantal wave functions
• Term symbols and spectroscopic states

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 03

• LCAO-MO and VB treatments of the hydrogen molecule, electron density, forces and their role in chemical binding
• Hybridization and valence MO, of HO, NH, and CH
• Huckel pi-electron theory and its applications to ethylene, butadiene and benzene, idea of self-consistent fields

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 04

• Vanishing of integrals, spectroscopic selection rules for vibrational, electronic, vibronic and Raman spectroscopy
• Mo treatment of large molecules with symmetry

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 05

• Theoretical treatment of rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopy
• Principles of magnetic resonance, Mossbauer, and photoelectron spectroscopy
• Combined applications of mass, UV-VIS, IR and NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation of compounds

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 06

• First law of thermodynamics, relation between Cp and Cv; enthalpies of physical and chemical changes, temperature depednence of enthaplies
• Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, Gibs-Helmholtz equation
• Third law of thermodynamics and calculation of entropy

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 07

• Free energy and entropy of mixing, partial molar quantities, Gibbs Duhem equation
• Equilibrium constant, temperature dependence of equilibrium constant, phase diagram of one and two-component systems, phase rule

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 08

• Excess functions, activities, concept of hydration number, activities in electrolytic solutions, mean ionic activity coefficient
• Debye-huckel treatment of dilute electrolyte solutions

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 09

• Cell reactions, Nernst equation, application of cell EMF measurements

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 10

• Surface tension, adsorption on solids, electrical phenomena at interfaces including electrokinetic micelles and reverse micelles; solutions
• Applications of photoelectron spectroscopy, ESCA and Auger spectroscopy to the study of surfaces

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 11

• Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of velocities, average, most probable and root-mean-square velocities
• Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Partition function, rotational, translational, vibrational and electronic partition functions for diatomic molecules, calculations of thermodynamic functions and equilibrium constants
• Theories of specific heat for solids

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 12

• Postulates and methodologies, linear laws, Gibbs equation, Onsager reciprocal theory

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 13

• Methods of determining rate laws, mechanisms of photo-chemical, chain and oscillatory reactions
• Collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor, treatment of unimolecular reactions
• Theory of absolute reaction rates, comparison of result with Eyring and Arrhenius equations, ionic reactions, salt effect
• Homogeneous catalysis and Michaelis Menten kinetics; heterogeneous catalysis

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 14

• Study of kinetics by stop-flow technique, relaxation method, flash photolysis and magnetic resonance method

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 15

• Number-average and weight-average molecular weights
• Determination of molecular weights
• Kinetics of polymerization
• Stereochemistry and mechanism of polymerization

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 16

• Dislocations in solids, Schottky and Frenkel defects
• Electrical properties
• Insulators and semiconductors, band theory of solids, solid-state reactions

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 17

• Radioactive decay and equilibrium
• Nuclear reactions, Q value, cross-sections, types of reactions
• Chemical effects of nuclear transformations, fission and fusion, fission products, and fission yields
• Radioactive techniques, tracer techniques, neutron activation analysis, counting techniques such as GM, ionization and proportional counters

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 18

• General discussion on the properties of the non transition elements, special features of individual elements, synthesis, properties and structure of their halides and oxides, polymorphism of carbon, phosphorus and sulphur
• Synthesis, properties and structure of boranes, carboranes, borazines, silicates, carbides, silicones, phosphazenes, sulphur, oxyacids of nitrogen, phophorus, sulphur and halogens
• Interhalogens, pseudohalides, and noble gas compounds
• Coordination chemistry of transition metalions
• Stability constants of complexes and their determination, stabilization of unusual oxidation states
• Stereochemistry of coordination compounds
• Ligand field theory, spliting of d-orbitals in low symmetry environments
• Jahn-Teller effect, interpretation of electronic spectra including charge transfer spectra, spectrochemical series, nephelauxetic series
• Dia-para-ferro and antiferromagentism, quenching of orbital angular moments, spin orbit coupling
• Inorganic reaction mechanisms, substitution reactions, trans-effect and electron transfer reactions, photochemical reactions of chromium and ruthenium complexes
• Fluxional molecules
• Iso and heteropolyacids, metal clusters
• Spin crossover in coordination compounds

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 19

• Spectral and magnetic properties, use of lanthanide compounds as shift reagents

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 20

• Synthesis, structure and bonding, organometallic reagents in organic synthesis and in homogeneous catalytic reactions (hydrogenation, hydroformylationn, isomerisation and polymerisation), pi-metal complexes, activation of small molecules by coordination

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 21

• Adsorption, partition, exclusion, electrochromatography
• Solvent extraction and ion exchange methods
• Application of atomic and molecular absorption and emission spectroscopy in quantitative analysis
• Light scattering techniques including nephelometry and raman spectroscopy
• Electroanalytical techniques, voltametry, cyclic voltametry, polarography, amperometry, coulometry and conductometry
• Ion-selective electrodes
• Anodic stripping voltametry, TGA, DTA, DSC, and on-line analysers

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 22

• Molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes, ionophores
• Photosynthesis-PS-I, PS-II, nitrogen fixation, oxygen uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxions

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 23

• Huckel's rule and concept of aromaticity : Annulenes and heteroannulenes, fullerenes. (C₆₀)

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 24

• Newer methods of asymmetric synthesis (including enzymatic and catalytic nexus), enantio-and diastereo selective synthesis
• Effects of conformation on reactivity in acylic compounds and cyclohexanes

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 25

• Favorskii reaction, Strok enamine reaction, Michael addition, Mannich reaction, Sharpless asymmetric expoxidation, ene reaction, Barton reaction, Hofmann Loffler-Freytag reaction, Shapiro reaction, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, Chichibabin reaction

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 26

• Labelling and kinetic isotope effects, Hamett equation, σ-δ (sigma-rho) relationship, non-classical carbonium ions, neighbouring group participation

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 27

• Selection rules and stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition and sigmatrophic shifts, Sommelet-Hauser, Cope and Claisen rearrangements

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 28

• Synthesis and reactivity of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole
• Skraup synthesis, Fischer indole synthesis

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 29

• Use of following reagents in organic synthesis and fuctinal group transformations-complex metal hydride
• Gilman's reagent, lithium, dimethylcuprate, lithim, disopropylamide (LDA) dicyclohexyl carbodimide, 1, 3-dithiane (reactivity umpolung)
• Trimethy, silyl iodide, tri-n-butyltin hydride, Woodward and Prevost hydroxylation, osmium tetraoxide, DDQ, selenium dioxide, phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and Merrifield resin
• Peterson's synthesis, Wilkinson's catalyst, Baker's yeast

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 30

• Familiarity with methods of structure elucidation and biosynthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates and proteins, Conformations of proteins and nucleic acids

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 31

• Elementary structure and function of biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids, Genetic code, Mechanism of enzyme action

Chemical sciences-Paper-III: Unit 32

• Principles of energy transfer, cis-trans isomerization, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Norrish Type I and II reactions, photoreduction of ketones, di-pi-methane rearrangement, photochemistry of arenes

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Structure and function of cells and intracellular organelles (of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes), mechanism of cell division including (mitosis and meiosis) and cell differentiation; cell-cell interation, malignant growth
• Immune response: Dosage compensation and mechanism of sex determination

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds, principles of physical chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, dissociation and association constants, nucleic acid structure, genetic code, replication
• Transcription and translation: Structure, function, and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, enzymes and coenzyme, respiration and photosynthesis

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Response to stress, Active transport across membranes, Plant and animal hormones Nutrition (including vitamins), Reproduction in plants, microbes, plant and animals, Sensory responses in microbes, plant and animals

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Principles of Mendelian inheritance, chromosome structure and function, gene structure and regulation of gene expression, linkage and genetic mapping, extra-chromosomal inheritance (episomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts), mutation, DNA damage and repair
• Chromosome aberrations, transposons, sex-linked inheritance and genetic disorders, somatic cell genetics, genome organization (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Origin of life (including aspects of prebiotic environment and molecular evolution), concepts of evolution, theories of organic evolution, mechanisms of speciation, Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, genetic polymarphism and selection
• Origin and evolution of economically important microbes, plants and animals

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Concept and dynamics of ecosystem, components, food chain and energy flow, productivity and biogeochemical cycles, types of ecosystems, population ecology and biological control, community structure and organization, environmental pollution
• Sustainable development, economic importance of microbes, plants and animals

Life sciences-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Species concept, biological nomenclature theories of biological classification, structural biochemical and molecular systmatics, DNA finger printing, numerical taxonomy, biodiveristy, characterization, generation, maintenance and loss
• Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value, wildlife biology, conservation strategies, cryopreservation

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 01

• Taxonomic structure, biosystematics, plant geography, floristics

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 02

• Broad outlines of classification an evolutionary trends among algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteriophytes, principles of palaeobotany, economic importance of algae, fungi and lichens

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 03

• Histochemical and ultra structural aspects of development, differentiation and morphogenesis

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 04

• Breeding systems, pollination biology, structural and functional aspects of pollen and pistil, male sterility, self and inter-specific incompatibility, fertilization, embryo and seed development

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 05

• Centers of origin and gene diversity, botany, utilization, cultivation and improvement of plants of food, drug, fiber and industrial values, unexploited plants of potential economic value, plants as a source of renewable energy
• Genetic resources and their conservation

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 06

• Mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and photorespiration: Nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur metabolism, stomatal physiology, source and sink relationship

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 07

• Hormonal regulation of growth and development, photoregulation: Growth responses, physiology of flowering, senescence

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 08

• Important conventional methods of breeding self and cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops, non-conventional methods, polyploidy: Genetic variability, plant diseases and defensive mechanism

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 09

• Classification and interrelationship amongst the major invertebrete phyla, minor invertebrate phyla, functional anatomy of the non-chordates, larval forms and their evolutionary significance

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 10

• Origin, evolution and distribution of chordate groups: Adaptive radiation

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 11

• Nutrition, digestion and absorption, circulation (open and closed circular, lymphatic systems, blood composition and function), muscular contrition and electric organs, excretion and osmoregulation: Nerve conduction and neurotransmitter
• Excretion and osmoregulation: Major sense organs and receptors, homeostatis (neural and hormonal), bioluminiscence, reproduction

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 12

• Molecular events during fertilization, Cleavage patterns and fate maps, Concepts of determination, competence and induction, totipotency and nuclear transfer experiments, Cell differentiation and differential gene activity
• Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm, Role of maternal contributions in early embryonic development, Genetic regulation of early embryonic development in Drosophila, Homeotic genes

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 13

• Parental care, circadian rhythms, mimicry, migration of fishes and birds, sociobiology, physiological adaptation at high altitude

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 14

• Life cycle and biology of plasmodium, trypanosoma, ascaris, wuchereria, fasciola, schistosoma and leishmania, molecular, cellular and physiological basis of host-parasite interactions

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 15

• Mode of transmission of pathogens by vectors, chemical biological and environmental control of anthropoid vectors, biology and control of chief insect pests of agricultural importance, plant host-insect interaction, insect-pest management, useful insects
• Silkworm

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 16

• Numerical and structural changes in chromosomes, molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutation and their role in evolution, environment mutagenesis and toxictiy testing, population genetics

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 17

• Membrane structure and function, intracellular compartments, protein sorting, secretory and endocytic pathways, cytoskeleton, nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts and their genetic organization, cell cycle, structure and organization of chromatin
• Polytene and Lamphrush chromosomes, dosage compensation and sex determination and sex-linked inheritance

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 18

• Concept of habitat and ecological niches, limiting factors, energy flow, food chain, food web and trophic levels, ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession, NPC And s cycles in nature

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 19

• Stability and complexity of ecosystems, speciation and extinction, environmental impact assessment, principles of conservation, conservation strategies, sustainable development

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 20

• Kinds of aquatic habitats (fresh water and marine), distribution of and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota, productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation in different aquatic ecosystems
• Fish and Fisheries of India with respect to the management of estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs, Biology and ecology of reservoirs

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 21

• Mycoplasma protozoa and yeast (a general accounts)

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 22

• Antibotics, organic acids and vitamins, microbes in decomposition and recycling processes, symbiotic and asymbiotic N2-fixation, microbiology of water, air, soil, and sewage, microbes as pathological agents in plants, animals and man
• General design and applications of a biofermenter, biofertilizer

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 23

• Structure and functions of different clauses of immunoglobulins, primary and secondary immune response, lymphocytes and accessory cells, humoral and cell mediated immunity, MHC, mechanism of immune response and generation of immunotogical diversity
• Genetic control of immune response, effector mechanism, application of immunological techniques

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 24

• Regulation of enzymatic activity, active sites, coenzymes, activators, and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes, ribozyme, and abzyme

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 25

• Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, primary structure of proteins and nucleic acids, conformation of proteins and polypeptides (secondary, tertiary, quanternary, and domain structure), reverse turns and ramachandran plot
• Structural polymorphism of DNA, RNA and three-dimensional structure of tRNA, Structure carbohydrates, polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans, Helix-coil transition, Energy terms in biopolymer conformational calculation

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 26

• Glycogen breakdown and synthesis, gluconeogenesis, interconversion of hexoses and pentoses, amino acid metabolism, coordinated control of metabolism, biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, oxidation of lipids
• Biosynthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 27

• Thermodynamic principles in biology, energy rich bonds, weak interactions, coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations, group tranfers, biological energy tranducers, bioenergetics

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 28

• Eukaryotic genome organization (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA), DNA damage and repair, DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 29

• Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA processing (capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons), ribonucleoproteins, structure of mRNA, genetic code and protein synthesis

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 30

• Attenuation and antitermination, operon concept, DNA methylation, heterochromatization, transposition, regulatory sequences and transcription factors, environmental regulation of gene expression

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 31

• Oncogenes, chemical carcinogenesis, genetic and metabolic disorders, harmonal imbalances, drug metabolism and detoxification, genetic load and genetic counselling

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 32

• Bacterial transformation, host cell restriction, trasduction, complementation, molecular recombination, DNA ligases, topoisomerases, gyrases, methylases, nucleases, restriction endonucleases
• Plasmids and bacteriophage based vectors for cDNA and genomic libraries

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 33

• Application in agriculture, health and industry

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 34

• Primary culture, cell line, cell clones, callus cultures, somaclonal variation, micropropogation, somatic embryogenesis, haploidy, protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization, cybrids, gene transfer methods in plants and in animals
• Transgenic biology, allopheny, artificial seeds, hybridoma technology

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 35

• Glyconjugates and proteins in membrane systems, ion transport/ Na/ KATpase/ molecular basis of signal transduction in bacteria, plants and animals, model membranes, liposomes

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 36

• Phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, cytophotometry and flow cytometry, fixation and staining

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 37

• Ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, thin layer and gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrophoresis and electrofocussing, ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density)

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 38

• Sequencing of proteins and nucleic acids, southern, northern, and south-western blotting techniques, polymerase chain reaction, methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 39

• X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD visible, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, hydrodynamic methods, atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 40

• Radiation dosimetry, radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes, effect of radiation on biological system, autoradiography; cerenkov radiation; liquid scintillation spectroscopy

Life sciences-Paper-III: Unit 41

• Samples and populations; basic statistics-verage, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of variation, standard error, confidence limits, probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, and normal); tests of statistical significance
• Simple correlation of regression, analysis of variance

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 01

• The earth and the solar system; important physical parameters and properties of the planet earth; abundance of elements in the earth; primary differentiation of the earth and composition of its various zones
• Composition of meteorites and the solar photosphere; shape and internal structure of the earth
• Uniformitarianism; geological time scale; use of fossils and nuclear clocks in the subdivision of geological time

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Gross composition and physical properties of important rocks and minerals; properties and process responsible for mineral concentrations; nature and distribution of rocks and minerals in different units of the earth; deformations of rocks
• Folds and faults and their surface expressions

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Physiography of the earth; landscape and seafloor; weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition of earth’s material; formation of soil, sediments and sedimentary rocks; energy balance of the earth’s surface processes

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Elastic waves and fine structure of the earth; crust, mantle and core; thermal, gravitational and magnetic fields of the earth; origin of the main geomagnetic field; mantle convection and plate tectonics; earthquakes and volcanoes; isostasy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Composition of the atmosphere and its internal structure; prevailing and adiabatic lapse rates; instability of dry and moist air; geopotential; cloud classification; condensation nuclei; artificial precipitation
• Fundamental forces in the atmosphere; Coriolis force and the geostrophic wind; basic structure and mechanism of atmospheric general circulation; monsoon systems; cyclones, anticyclones and tornadoes; jet streams; climate and climatic changes
• Natural and human induced factors

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 06

• The hydrological cycle; inter-relationship of surface and ground water; seafloor spreading and hydrothermal vents; marine sediments, their composition and uses; distribution of temperature and salinity in the ocean; surface circulation
• Causes of ocean currents and important current systems; deep circulation
• Water masses-their formation and characteristics; convergence and upwelling of ocean waters; sea level changes; waves and tides; chemistry of sea water, biological controls on the composition of the oceans
• Oceanic modulation of climatic changes estuary, bay, and marine pollution

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Land, biotic and mineral resources, and their role in development; salient aspects of plant zoogeography; geologic setting; location and approximate reserves of minerals, fuel and water resources of the Indian territory
• Important geological features of the Precambrian shield, the Gondwanas, the Deccan trap, Indo-Gangetic Plains, the Himalaya-their physiography, landforms, drainage systems
• Soils: Their characteristics and distribution; climate and population; location of important natural resources and renewable sources of energy in relation to industrial centers

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Ecology, ecosystem and biotic communities; carbon and nutrient cycling and food-chain; human impact on air, land, soil, water, climate and forest resources; conservation of resources; coping with natural hazards; problems of pollution and waste
• Application of engineering geology to development without destruction; optimum use of energy alternatives

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 01

• Landforms-their types and development; weathering, transport and erosion; landforms in relation to rock type, structure, and tectonics
• Soils-their development and types, geomorphic processes and their impact on various landforms and associated dynamics-slope, channel, coastline, glacial and Aeolian; evolution of major geomorphological features of the Indian sub-continent
• Geomorphometric analysis and modelling

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 02

• Classification of sedimentary rocks; petrography of rocks of clastic, chemical and biochemical origin
• Sedimentary textures and structures
• Diagenesis; marine, non-marine and mixed depositional environments
• Facies association, sedimentation and tectonics; basin analysis; reconstruction of palaeoenvironments using radioactive and stable isotopes

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 03

• Origin and evolution of life; fossils and their uses; species concept; functional morphology, classification and evolution of important invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils; biomineralisation and trace fossils
• Types of microfossils and their applications; palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology; evolution of man
• Oxygen and carbon isotopic studies on fossils; analysis of palaentological record for tracing plate tectonics processes

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 04

• Recent developments in stratigraphic classification: Litho bio and chrono stratigraphic units and their interrelationships; modern methods of stratigraphic correlation; steps in stratigraphic studies; approaches to palaeogeography
• Earth’s climatic history
• Rocks of Phanerozoic Eon in India-their intercontinental correlation with special reference to type localities; boundary problems in stratigraphy; geodynamic evolution of the Indian subcontinent through the Phanerozoic

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 05

• Concepts of stress and strain; strain analysis using deformed objects; geometric classification of folds; mechanics of folding; folding in shear zones; geometry of superposed folding; structural analysis in terrains with multiple deformation
• Foliation and lineation; geometry and mechanics of shear zones; brittleductile and ductile structures in shear zones; geometry of thrust sheets
• Classification of unconformities; map patterns and their uses in the determination of large-scale structures
• Isostasy; seismicity; sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics; orogenesis; orogenic belts of India; evolution of the Himalaya and Himalayan tectonics

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 06

• Concept of symmetry, point group lattice and space group; principles of crystal chemistry; principles of optical and X-ray mineralogy
• Structural classification of minerals; structure and its interrelation with physical and chemical properties of minerals important phase diagrams of major rockforming minerals and ore minerals; principles of geothermo-barometry

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 07

• Abundances of elements; structure and atomic properties of elements; the periodic table; geochemical classification and distribution of elements in the earth; principles of geochemical cycling; principles of ionic substitution in minerals
• Laws of thermodynamics; concepts of free energy, activity, fugacity and equilibrium constant; thermodynamics of ideal, nonideal and dilute solutions; element partitioning in mineral/ rocks formation and concept of distribution coefficients
• Concept of P-T-X
• Eh-pH diagrams and mineral stabilities; radioactive decay schemes, growth of daughter isotopes and radiometric dating; stable isotopes and their fractionation
• Mineral/ mineral assemblages as ‘sensors’ of ambient environments

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 08

• Phase equilibrium studies of single, binary, temary, and quartermary silicate systems with reference to petrogenesis; magmas, their generation in the crust and mantle, their emplacement and their relation to plate tectonics; magmatic crystallization
• Differentiation and assimilation; classification of igneous rocks; major and trace elements and isotopic composition of igneous rocks in the context of petrogenesis; petrogenesis of important types of igneous rocks; volatile components in petrogenesis
• Physical and rheological properties of silicate melts-bingham liquid; partial melting and fractional crystallization in closed and open system models
• Role of TP and fluids in metamorphism; metamorphic facies; mineral assemblages and important reactions in different facies; types of metamorphism and metamorphic-belts; relationship among metamorphism, anatexis and grantization
• Petrogenetic aspects of important rocks of India such as the Deccan trap, the layered intrusions, charnockites, khondalities and ‘gondites’

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 09

• Physico-chemical controls of deposition and of post-depositional changes in ores; geological processes of formation of economic mineral deposits; global metallogeny as related to crustal evolution; metallogenesis in space and time
• Elements of ore petrology; mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions as ‘sensors’ of ore-forming environments; live ore-forming systems
• Geological setting, characteristics features and genesis of ferrous and non-ferrous ore deposits of India
• Metallogenic history of India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 10

• Morphological and tectonic domains of the ocean floor; midocean ridge systems; seawater-basalt interaction and hydrothermal vents; models and rates of ocean circulation and of sedimentation in the oceans
• Diagenetic changes in oxic and anoxic environments; mobility of redox metals; major components of marine sediments and processes regulating sediment composition; geochronology of marine sediments from radioactivity measurements
• Sedimentary markers of palaeoenvironmental conditions; mineral resources of the oceans and factors controlling their distribution
• Ocean margins; nature of deep sea sediments, their chronology and correlation; tectonic history of the oceans

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 11

• Origin, migration and entrapment of petroleum; properties of source and reservoir rocks; structural, stratigraphic and combinations traps
• Techniques of exploration
• Petroliferous basins of india
• Origin of peat, lignite, bitumen and anthracite
• Classification, rank and grading of coal; coal petrography, coal measures of India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 12

• Evolution of the early crust, early Precambrian life, lithological, geochemical and stratigraphic characteristics of granitegreenstone and granulite belts
• Stratigraphy and geochronology of the precambrian terrains of India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geology): Unit 13

• Photogeology and remote sensing: Elements of photogrammetry; elements of photo interpretation; electromagnetic spectrum emission range, film, and imagery; multispexctral sensors; geological interpretation of air-photos and imagery
• Engineering geology: Mechanical properties of rocks; geological investigations for the construction of dams, bridges, highways, and tunnels
• Mineral exploration: Geological and geophisical methods of surface and subsurface exploration on different scales, sampling, assaying, and evaluation of mineral deposits; geochemical and geobotanical surveys in exploration
• Hydrogeology: Ground water, Darcy’s law; hydrological characteristics of aquifers; hydrological cycle; precipitation, evapotranspiration and infiltration processes; hydrological classification of water-bearing formations
• Hydrogeology: Fresh and salt water relationship in coastal and inland areas; ground water exploration and management, water pollution, ground water regimes in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Physical geography): Unit 01

• Land forms-their types and developments; weathering, transport and corrosion; landforms in relation to rock type, structure, and tectonics
• Soils-their development and types
• Geomorphic processes and their impact on various landforms and associated dynamics-slope, channel coastline, glacial and Aeolian; evolution of major geomorphological features of the Indian subcontinent
• Geomorphometric analysis and modelling

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Physical geography): Unit 02

• Fundamental principles of climatology; earth-sun relationship; earth’s radiation balance, latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature humidity, wind and precipitation
• Indian climatology with special reference to seasonal distribution and variations of temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation; air masses notably monsons, and jet streams, tropical cyclones and cloud formation, classification of climates
• Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s scheme as applicable to India
• Climate zones of india
• Hydrological cycle and water balance
• Climate change; green house warming, stratospheric ozone depletion
• Palaeoclimatology

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Physical geography): Unit 03

• Ground water as part of the hydrological cycle; precipitation and evapotranspiration and infiltration processes; rainfall-run off analysis; stream flow, stagedischarge relationship; hydrograph and flood frequency analysis
• Hydrological classification of a water-bearing formations, fresh and salt water relationship in coastal and inland areas; ground water regimes in India
• Principles of management of water resources; concept of safe yield; water balance studies and conjunctive use of surface and ground water; ground water problems and their management in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Physical geography): Unit 04

• Elements of biogeography with special reference to India; environment, habitat and plant-animal association; zoogeography of India; distribution of major animal groupings; elements of plant geography, distribution of forests and major plant communities
• National forest policy, conservation of forests; afforestation, social forestry; ecology and man in India
• Ecological balance, environmental pollution and deterioration

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Physical geography): Unit 05

• Submarine relief, continental shelf, continental slope, ocean deeps; temperature of ocean water; salinity in the coastal open and enclosed seas; movement of ocean waters; waves, tides, currents; island arcs and coral reefs and atolls; oceanic deposits

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geophysics): Unit 01

• Concept of fields; scalar, vector, and tensor; conservation laws; mass, momentum, energy and charge, constitutive relations and dynamical equations; elastic viscous, electro-magnetic and thermal; laws of thermodynamics and entropy
• Partial differential equations of physics; wave, diffusion, potential and schrodinger; analytical (Green’s functions and integral transforms) and numerical (spectral, finite difference and finite element)
• Methods for solving initial value and boundary value problems of geophysics
• Linear instability theory and onset of convection; benard cells; elements of nonlinear instability in fluids; theory of attractors; phase space, critical points, limit cycles and bifucation of nonlinear systems

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geophysics): Unit 02

• Continuous and discrete signals; Fourier analysis linear time-invariant systems with deterministic and random inputs; band limited signals and sampling theorem; Z-transform, discrete and fast Fourier transforms; filter discreate and continuous
• Recursive and non-recursive, optimal, inverse filters, deconvolution
• Estimation of signal parameters system identification
• Hypothesis testing

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geophysics): Unit 03

• Gravity and figure of the earth: Spheroid and geoid mass inhomogenetics and associated gravity anomalies; geoidal undulations and deflection of the vertical; isostasy; local and regional compensation mechanisms
• Seismology; causes and space distribution of earthquakes; theory of seismic waves; (body and surface waves), free oscillations, application for estimating earth structure and earthquake source parameters; earthquake hazard assessment
• Geomagnetism; main field, its secular variation, and reversals; remanent magnetization, palaeomagnetism and lithospheric movements; geodynamo theory and hydromagnetic waves; magnetosphere and geomagnetic stroms
• Electrical structure of the earth; geomagnetic and magnetotelluric depth sounding
• Plate tectonics theory; kinematics, dynamics, and evolution of plates; types of boundaries, processes and corresponding geophysical and geological signatures
• Heat flow thermal and mechanical structure of continental and oceanic lithosphere; role of fluids in crustal processes; mantle convection
• Mineral physics; constraints on earth structure from seismological and petrological investigations

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geophysics): Unit 04

• Basic principles; various methods, their distinctive features, scope, limitations, and prospects of conjunctive use
• Geophysical exploration from the air on the ground in bore holes, across drill holes in underground mines and in the oceans
• Instruments used: Theory, behaviour and precision of spring-mass systems, magnetometers (suspended magnet type, nuclear procession, nuclear resonance, flux gate and superconducting), gravimeters (land, ship borne, space borne and borehole)
• Instruments used: Wide band seismograph and geophone systems. Electrical systems, (resistivity, IP, MT, EM, TEM), well logging units (caliper, electrical, radiation, acoustic, dipmeter, televiewer, induction, nuclear magnetism log) and seismic sources
• Instruments used: Principles of measuring complex signals; measurements in time and frequency domain. Pseudorandom sources for electrical and seismic exploration
• Signal analysis: Gravity (free air, Bouguer, terrain drift and Eotovos correction) and magnetic (diurnal) and latitude (corrections) data reduction; regional and residual separation; derivatives, continuation and reduction to pole of potential field data
• Signal analysis: Electrical/ EM data processing, seismic (velocity analysis, signal enhancement, deconvolution, migration and time to depth conversion), shear wave, VSP, 2-D/ 3-D multifold and marine data processing
• Signal analysis: Numerical experiments for computer aided design of high resolution field measurements; sensivity analysis of various control parameters for maximum information/uncertainty ratio

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Geophysics): Unit 05

• Distinction between well-posed and ill posed problems
• Generalized inversion techniques; error analysis and the study of resolution and uniqueness in geophysical interpretation; Backus-Gilbert inversion method; linear and non-linear programming methods
• Joint inversion of geophysical data and effective strategies for integrated geophysical exploration from a systems view point
• Interpretation for average value of physical properties of rocks and minerals and their structure; direct detection of hydrocarbons (fluid content); lithostratigraphy, ground water, ore deposit, engineering sites, environmental parameters

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 01

• Equation of state of sea water, current system including under current, their formation and theories, oceanic fronts
• Subtropical current system-western and eastern boundary currents; Somali current; thermohaline and abyssal circulation; formation of water masses mixing and double diffusion
• TSV diagrams computation of divergence and estimation of vertical velocity; acoustics and optics

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 02

• Equation of motion of frictionless ocean current scale analysis; barottropic and baroclinic approximation; geostrophic currents in a stratified ocean, the 2-layer approximation and White-Margules equation; gradient current and mass stratification
• Relative currents and slope currents; Ekman’s theory, sverdrup, Stommel and Munk’s theories; opwelling and sinking with special reference to the Indian ocean

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 03

• Small amplitude ocean waves; wave celerity; wave energy and group velocity
• Finite amplitude waves, long waves, and internal wave, wind waves, their origin, growth, propagation and decay; significant wave height and period
• Wave spectrum, principles of wave forecasting SMB and PNJ methods; tides their causes, variation, and types; tidal currents; harmonic analysis, finite difference method and prediction of tides

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 04

• Laminar and turbulent flows, Reynolds stresses; Richardson’s criterion for turbulence; principle of Prandtl’s mixing length theory; Taylor’s statistical theory and Kolmogoroffs similarity theory, air-sea interaction at various scales
• Planetary and laminar boundary layer, surface layer and spiral layer; Sea surface as a lower boundary of air-flow and its geometry; wind field in the first few meters of the sea surface, wind structure in the maritime frictional layer
• Transfer of heat and water vapour, determination of air-sea fluxes; energy exchange and global heat and water budgets, convection and its role in tropical circulations, effects of upwelling and sinking on the ocean-atmosphere system

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 05

• Factors influencing coastal processes; transformation of waves in shallow water; effects of stratification; effect of bottom friction, phenomena of wave reflection, refraction, and diffraction; breakers and surflitoral currents
• Wave action on sediments-movement to beach material; rip currents; beach stability ocean beach nourishment; harbour resonance; seiches; tsunamis; interaction of waves and structure
• Sea walls, groynes, revetments, etc
• Estuaries: Classification and nomenclature; tides in estuaries; estuarine circulation and mixing, depth-averged and breadth-averaged models; sedimentation in estuaries; salinity intrusion in estuaries; effect of stratification; coastal pollution
• Estuaries: Mixing and diffusion dispersal of pollutants in estuaries and nearshore areas; standing concentration; coastal zone management

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 06

• Major and minor constituents of sea-water and their residence times; processes controlling the composition of sea-water, dissolved gases in sea-water, their sources, and sinks
• Carbondioxide system, distribution of alkalinity; physical chemistry of sea-water; dynamic equilibrium in chemical composition of the ocean including trace metals, organic materials
• Biogeochemical cycling and its effect on atmospheric composition and climate
• Inter-relationship between ocean circulation, primary productivity and chemical composition of the atmosphere and ocean
• Stable and radioactive isotopes; chemistry of interstitial waters and transfer of solutes across the sediment-water interface; marine pollution
• Pathways of transfer of various pollutants (petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, trace metals etc) and their fates in the sea
• Chemistry of marine natural products; biomedical potential of marine biota; remote sensing of the oceans

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 07

• Morphological and tectonic domains of the ocean floor
• Mid-oceanic ridge systems, hydrothermal vents and sea-water basalt interaction; modes and rates of sedimentation in the oceans; digenetic changes in oxic and anoxic environments, mobility of redoxmetals
• Nature of deep sea sediments and processes and regulating sedimentary composition; geochronology of marine sediments, sedimentary markers (biological and chemical) of paleoenvironmental conditions
• Mineral resources of the ocean-phosphorites, manganes, and other deposits and the factors controlling their distribution

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Oceanography): Unit 08

• Sea as a biological environment; divisions of the marine environment and their characteristics fauna and flora and their adaptations
• Marine ecosystems; rocky shores, sandy shores, estuarine, mangroves, and coral reefs; description of communities, community structure and function; plankton, nekton, and benthos; primary, secondary, and tertiary production; food web and trophic structure
• Living resources of the Indian seas; mariculture; culture of molluses, crustacean, fishes and seaweeds

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 01

• Fundamental principles of climatology; earth-sun relationship; earth’s radiation balance, latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation
• Indian climatology with special reference to seasonal distribution and variations of temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation; air masses notably monsoons, and jet streams, tropical cyclones, and cloud formation, classification of climates
• Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes as applicable to India
• Climatic zones of India
• Hydrological cycle and water balance
• Climate change; green house warming, stratospheric ozone depletion
• Palaeoclimatology

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 02

• Layered structure of the atmosphere and its composition
• Radiation; basic laws-Rayleigh and Mie scattering, multiple scattering, radiation from the sun, solar constant, effect of clouds, surface and planetary albedo
• Emission and absorption of terrestrial radiation, radiation windows, radiative transfer
• Greenhouse effect, net radiation budget; derivation of radiance parameters from satellite observations
• Thermodynamics of dry and moist air; specific gas constant, adiabatic and non adiabatic processes, entropy and enthalphy, moisture variables, virtual temperature; Clausius-Clapeyron equation, adiabatic process of a moist air; thermodynamic diagram
• Emagram, tephigram, skew T-log p and Stuve diagrams
• Hydrostatic equilibrium; hydrostatic equation, variation of pressure with height, geopotential, standard atmosphere, altimetry
• Vertical stability of the atmosphere; dry and moist air parcel and slice methods, entrainment, bubble theory, diurnal variation of lapse rate, convection in the atmosphere

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 03

• Fair weather electric field in the atmosphere and potential gradients, ionization in the atmosphere, conduction currents, air-earth currents, point discharge currents
• Electrical fields in thunderstorms, theories of thunderstorm electrification, lightning discharges

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 04

• Cloud classification, condensation nucleii, growth of cloud drops and icecrystals, precipitation mechanisms; Bergeron, Findeisen process, coalescence process-precipitation of warm and mixed clouds, artificial precipitation, hail supression
• Fog and cloud-dissipation, radar observation of clouds and precipitation, radar equation, rain-drop spectra, radar echoes of hail and tornadoes, radar observation of hurricanes, measurements of rainfall by radar

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 05

• Basic equations and fundamental forces; pressure gravity, centripetal and coriolis forces, continuity equation in Cartesian and isobaric coordinates
• Momentum equations in rotating, Cartesian, and spherical coordinates; scale analysis, Inertial flow, Geostrophic and gradient winds, thermal wind
• Divergence and vertical motion, Rossby, Richardson, Reynolds, and Froude numbers
• Circulation vorticity and divergence; Bjerknes circulation theorem and applications, vorticity and divergence equations, scale analysis, potential vorticity, stream function, velocity potential
• Atmospheric turbulence; mixing length theory, planetary boundary layer equations, surface layer, Ekmann layer eddy transport of heat, water vapour and momentum, Richardson criterion
• Linear perturbation theory; internal and external gravity waves, inertia waves, gravity waves, Rossby waves; wave motion in the tropics, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities; Taylor-Goldstein instability
• Theorems of mines, Fjørtoft, Howard and Pedlosky
• Atmospheric energetics; kinetic, potentiai and internal energies-conversion of potential and internal energies into kinetic energy, available potential energy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 06

• Computational instability, filtering of sound and gravity waves, filtered forecast equations, barotropic and equivalent barotropic models, two parameter baroclinic model relaxaation method, two layer primitive equatier, model
• Short, medium, and long range weather prediction models; objective analysis; Initialization of the data for use in weather prediction models; data assimilation techniques

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 07

• Observed zonally symmetric circulations, meridional circulation models, mean meridional and eddy transport of momentum and energy, angular momentum and energy budgets; zonally asymmetric features of general circulation; standing eddies
• East-west circulation in tropics; climate variability and forcings; feedback processes, low frequency variability, ENSO, QBO and sunspot cycles, basic principles of general circulation modelling; Grid-point and spectral GCMs
• Role of the ocean in climate modelling; interannual variability of ocean fields (SST, winds, circulation, etc) and its relationship with monsoon, concepts of ocean-atmosphere coupled models

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 08

• Synoptic charts, weather observations, and transmission
• Analysis of surface, upper aiar and other derivative charts; stream lines, isotachs and countour analysis; tilt and slope of pressure/ weather systems with height
• Synoptic weather forecasting, prediction of weather elements such as rain, maximum and minimum temperature and fog; hazardous weather elements like thunderstorms, duststorms, tornadoes, dates of onset, and withdrawal of monsoons, break monsoon
• Formation and movement of western distrurbances, depressions and tropical cyclones; intensification, weakening, deepening and filling of surface pressure systems
• Air masses and fronts; sources, origin and classification of air masses; classification of fronts, frontogenesis and frontolysis; structure of cold and warm fronts; weather systems associated with fronts
• Extra-tropical synoptic scale features; jet streams, extratropical cyclones; anticyclones and blockings
• Tropical synoptic meteorology; trade wind inversion; ITCZ; monsoon trough; tropical cyclones, their structure and development theory; monsoon depressions; tropical easterly jet stream; Somali Jet; waves in easterlies; western distrurbances
• SW and NE monsoons; synoptic features associated with onset, withdrawal, break, active and weak monsoons

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 09

• Meteorological hazards to aviation; take-off, landing, inflighticing, turbulence, visibility, fog, clouds, rain, gusts, wind shear and thunderstorms

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary science-Paper-III (Meteorology): Unit 10

• Meteorological satellites: Polar orbitting and geostationary satellites, visible and infrared radiometers, multiscanner ratiometers; identification of synoptic systems, fog and sandstorms, detection of cyclones
• Meteorological satellites: Estimation of SST and cloud top temperatures, winds, and rainfall; temperature and humidity soundings

Geography: Unit 01

• Continental drift, plate tectonics, endogenetic, and exogenetic forces
• Denudation and weathering, geomorphic cycle (Davis and Penck), theories and process of slope development, earth movements (seismicity, folding, faulting, and vulcanicity)
• Landform occurrence and causes of geomorphic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and avalanches)

Geography: Unit 02

• Composition and structure of atmosphere; insolation, heat budget of earth, temperature, pressure, and winds, atmospheric circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation, cyclones, and anticyclones (tropical and temperate)
• Climatic classification of Koppen and Thornthwaite, ENSO events (El Nino, La Nina, and southern oscillations), meteorological hazards and disasters (cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hailstorms, heat, and cold waves drought and cloudburst
• Glacial Lake Outburst (GLOF), Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past, Human impact on Global Climate

Geography: Unit 03

• Relief of oceans, composition: Temperature, density, and salinity, circulation: Warm and cold currents, waves, tides, sea level changes, hazards: Tsunami and cyclone

Geography: Unit 04

• Components: Ecosystem (geographic classification) and human ecology, functions: Trophic levels, energy flows, cycles (geochemical, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen), food chain, food web, and ecological pyramid, human interaction, and impacts
• Functions: Environmental ethics and deep ecology, environmental hazards and disasters (global warming, urban heat island, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, land degradation), national programmes and policies: Legal framework, environmental policy
• National programmes and policies: International treaties, international programmes, and polices (Brundtland Commission, Kyoto protocol, agenda 21, sustainable development goals, Paris agreement)

Geography: Unit 05

• Population geography: Sources of population data (census, sample surveys, and vital statistics, data reliability, and errors). World population distribution (measures, patterns, and determinants), world population growth (prehistoric to modern period)
• Population geography: Demographic transition, theories of population growth (Malthus, Sadler, and Ricardo). Fertility and mortality analysis (indices, determinants, and world patterns). Migration (types, causes, and consequences and models)
• Population geography: Population composition and characteristics (age, sex, rural-urban, occupational structure, and educational levels), population policies in developed and developing countries
• Settlement geography: Rural settlements (types, patterns, and distribution), contemporary problems of rural settlements (rural-urban migration; land use changes; land acquisition and transactions)
• Settlement geography: Theories of origin of towns (Gordon Childe, Henri Pirenne, Lewis Mumford)
• Settlement geography: Characteristics and processes of urbanization in developed and developing countries (factors of urban growth, trends of urbanization, size, structure, and functions of urban areas)
• Settlement geography: Urban systems (the law of the primate city and rank size rule) central place theories (Christaller and Losch), internal structure of the city, models of urban land use (Burgess, Harris, and Ullman, and Hoyt), concepts of megacities
• Settlement geography: Global cities and edge cities, changing urban forms (peri-urban areas, rural-urban fringe, suburban, ring, and satellite towns), social segregation in the city, urban social area analysis
• Settlement geography: Manifestation of poverty in the city (slums, informal sector growth, crime, and social exclusion)

Geography: Unit 06

• Economic geography: Factors affecting spatial organization of economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary), natural resources (classification, distribution, and associated problems), natural resources management
• Economic geography: World energy crises in developed and developing countries
• Agricultural geography: Land capability classification and land use planning, cropping pattern-methods of delineating crop combination regions (Weaver, Doi, and Rafiullah), crop diversification, Von Thunen’s model of land use planning
• Agricultural geography: Determinants of agricultural productivity, regional variations in agricultural productivity, agricultural systems of the world
• Industrial geography: Classification of industries, factors of industrial location; theories of industrial location (A. Weber, E.M. Hoover, August Losch, A. Pred, and D.M. Smith). World industrial regions
• Industrial geography: Impact of globalization on manufacturing sector in less developed countries, tourism industry
• Industrial geography: World distribution, and growth of Information and communication technology (ICT) and knowledge production (education and R and D) industries
• Geography of transport and trade: Theories and models of spatial interaction (Edward Ullman and M.E. Hurst) measures and indices of connectivity and accessibility; spatial flow models: Gravity model and its variants, world trade organization
• Geography of transport and trade: Globalization and liberalization, and world trade patterns. Problems and prospects of Inter and Intra regional cooperation and trade
• Regional development: Typology of regions, formal, and fictional regions, world regional disparities, theories of regional development (Albert O. Hirschman, Gunnar Myrdal, John Friedman), dependency theory of under development, global economic blocks
• Regional development: Regional development, and social movements in India

Geography: Unit 07

• Cultural and social geography: Concept of culture, cultural complexes, areas, and region, cultural heritage, cultural ecology. Cultural convergence, social structure and processes, social well-being and quality of life, social exclusion
• Cultural and social geography: Spatial distribution of social groups in India (tribe, caste, religion, and language), environment and human health, diseases ecology
• Cultural and social geography: Nutritional status (etiological conditions, classification and spatial, and seasonal distributional patterns with special reference to India), health care planning and policies in India, medical tourism in India
• Political geography: Boundaries and frontiers (with special reference to India), Heartland and Rimland theories. Trends and developments in political geography, geography of federalism, electoral reforms in India, determinants of electoral behaviour
• Political geography: Geopolitics of climate change, geopolitics of world resources, geopolitics of India ocean, regional organizations of cooperation (SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, EU). Neopolitics of world natural resources

Geography: Unit 08

• Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese, and Indian scholars, contributions of geographers (Bernhardus Varenius, Immanuel Kant, Alexander Von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Schaefer, and Hartshorne), impact of Darwinian theory on geographical thought
• Contemporary trends in Indian geography: cartography, thematic and methodological contributions
• Major geographic traditions (earth science, man environment relationship, area studies, and spatial analysis), dualisms in geographic studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs. quantitative, ideographic vs. nomothetic)
• Paradigm shift, perspectives in geography (positivism, behaviouralism, humanism, structuralism, feminism, and postmodernism)

Geography: Unit 09

• Sources of geographic information and data (spatial and non-spatial), types of maps, techniques of map making (choropleth, isarithmic, dasymetric, chorochromatic, flow maps), data representation on maps pie diagrams, bar diagrams, and line graph
• GIS database (raster and vector data formats and attribute data formats)
• Functions of GIS (conversion, editing, and analysis), digital elevation model (DEM), georeferencing (coordinate system and map projections and datum), GIS applications (thematic cartography, spatial decision support system)
• Basics of remote sensing (electromagnetic spectrum, sensors, and platforms, resolution, and types, elements of air photo and satellite image interpretation and photogrammetry), types of aerial photographs
• Digital image processing: Developments in remote sensing technology and big data sharing and its applications in natural resources management in India, GPS components (space, ground control, and receiver segments) and applications
• Applications of measures of central tendency, dispersion and inequalities, sampling, sampling procedure, and hypothesis testing (chi square test, t-test, ANOVA), time series analysis, correlation, and regression analysis, measurement of indices
• Making indicators scale free, computation of composite index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, morphometric analysis: Ordering of streams, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, and drainage frequency
• Morphometric analysis: Basin circularity ratio and form factor, profiles, slope analysis, clinographic curve, hypsographic curve, and altimetric frequency graph

Geography: Unit 10

• Major physiographic regions and their characteristics; drainage system (himalayan and peninsular), climate: Seasonal weather characteristics, climatic divisions, Indian monsoon (mechanism and characteristics), jet streams, and himalayan cryosphere
• Types and distribution of natural resources: Soil, vegetation, water, mineral, and marine resources
• Population characteristics (spatial patterns of distribution), growth and composition (rural-urban, age, sex, occupational, educational, ethnic, and religious), determinants of population, population policies in India
• Agriculture (production, productivity and yield of major food crops), major crop regions, regional variations in agricultural development, environmental, technological, and institutional factors affecting Indian agriculture; agro-climatic zone
• Green revolution, food security, and right to food
• Industrial development since independence, industrial regions, and their characteristics, industrial policies in India
• Development and patterns of transport networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways, and pipelines), internal and external trade (trend, composition, and directions), regional development planning in India
• Globalization and its impact on Indian economy, natural disasters in India (earthquake, drought, flood, cyclone, tsunami, Himalayan highland hazards, and disasters)

Computer science and applications: Unit 01

• Mathematical logic: Propositional and predicate logic, propositional equivalences, normal forms, predicates and quantifiers, nested quantifiers, rules of inference
• Sets and relations: Set operations, representation and properties of relations, equivalence relations, partially ordering
• Counting, mathematical induction, and discrete probability: Basics of counting, pigeonhole principle, permutations and combinations, inclusion-exclusion principle, mathematical induction, probability, Bayes’ theorem
• Group theory: Groups, subgroups, semi groups, product and quotients of algebraic structures, isomorphism, homomorphism, automorphism, rings, integral domains, fields, applications of group theory
• Graph theory: Simple graph, multigraph, weighted graph, paths and circuits, shortest Paths in weighted graphs, Eulerian paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, planner graph, graph coloring, bipartite graphs, trees, and rooted trees
• Graph theory: Prefix codes, tree traversals, spanning trees, and cut-sets
• Boolean algebra: Boolean functions and its representation, simplifications of Boolean functions
• Optimization: Linear programming-mathematical model, graphical solution, simplex and dual simplex method, sensitive analysis; integer programming, transportation and assignment models. PERT-CPM: Diagram representation, critical path calculations
• Optimization: PERT-CPM-resource levelling, cost consideration in project scheduling

Computer science and applications: Unit 02

• Digital logic circuits and components: Digital computers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, map simplifications, combinational circuits, flip-flops, sequential circuits, integrated circuits, decoders, multiplexers, registers, and counters, memory unit
• Data representation: Data types, number systems and conversion, complements, fixed point representation, floating point representation, error detection codes, computer arithmetic-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division algorithms
• Register transfer and micro-operations: Register transfer language, bus and memory transfers, arithmetic, logic, and shift micro-operations
• Basic computer organization and design: Stored program organization and instruction codes, computer registers, computer instructions, timing and control, instruction cycle, memory-reference instructions, input-output, interrupt
• Programming the basic computer: Machine language, assembly language, assembler, program loops, subroutines, input-output programming
• Micro-programmed control: Control memory, address sequencing, design of control unit
• Central processing unit: General register organization, stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes, RISC computer, CISC computer
• Pipeline and vector processing: Parallel processing, pipelining, arithmetic pipeline, instruction pipeline, vector processing array processors
• Input-output organization: Peripheral devices, input-output interface, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, DMA, serial communication
• Memory hierarchy: Main memory, auxiliary memory, associative memory, cache memory, virtual memory, memory management hardware
• Multiprocessors: Characteristics of multiprocessors, interconnection structures, interprocessor arbitration, interprocessor communication and synchronization, cache coherence, multicore processors

Computer science and applications: Unit 03

• Language design and translation issues: Programming language concepts, paradigms, and models, programming environments, virtual computers and binding times, programming language syntax, stages in translation, formal transition models
• Elementary data types: Properties of types and objects; scalar and composite data types
• Programming in C: Tokens, identifiers, data types, sequence control, subprogram control, arrays, structures, union, string, pointers, functions, file handling, command line arguments, preprocessors
• Object oriented programming: Class, object, instantiation, inheritance, encapsulation, abstract class, polymorphism
• Programming in C++: Tokens, identifiers, variables and constants; data types, operators, control statements, functions parameter passing, virtual functions, class and objects; constructors and destructors
• Programming in C++: Overloading, iInheritance, templates, exception and event handling; streams and files; multifile programs
• Web programming: HTML, DHTML, XML, scripting, java, servlets, applets
• Computer graphics: Video-display devices, raster-scan and random-scan systems; graphics monitors, input devices, points and lines; line drawing algorithms, mid-point circle and ellipse algorithms
• Computer graphics: Scan line polygon fill algorithm, boundary-fill and flood fill
• 2-D geometrical transforms and viewing: Translation, scaling, rotation, reflection and shear transformations; matrix representations and homogeneous coordinates; composite transforms, transformations between coordinate systems, viewing pipeline
• 2-D geometrical transforms and viewing: Viewing coordinate reference frame, window to view-port coordinate transformation, viewing functions, line, and polygon clipping algorithms
• 3-D object representation, geometric transformations and viewing: Polygon surfaces, quadric surfaces, spline representation, Bezier and B-spline curves; Bezier and B-spline surfaces; illumination models, polygon rendering methods
• 3-D object representation, geometric transformations and viewing: Viewing pipeline and coordinates; general projection transforms and cipping

Computer science and applications: Unit 04

• Database system concepts and architecture: Data models, schemas, and instances; three-schema architecture and data independence; database languages and interfaces; centralized and client/ server architectures for DBMS
• Data modeling: Entity-relationship diagram, relational model-constraints, languages, design, and programming, relational database schemas, update operations and dealing with constraint violations; relational algebra and relational calculus; Codd rules
• SQL: Data definition and data types; constraints, queries, insert, delete, and update statements; views, stored procedures and functions; database triggers, SQL injection
• Normalization for relational databases: Functional dependencies and normalization; algorithms for query processing and optimization; transaction processing, concurrency control techniques, database recovery techniques
• Normalization for relational databases: Object and object-relational databases; database security and authorization
• Enhanced data models: Temporal database concepts, multimedia databases, deductive databases, XML and internet databases; mobile databases, geographic information systems, genome data management, distributed databases, and client-server architectures
• Data warehousing and data mining: Data modeling for data warehouses, concept hierarchy, OLAP and OLTP; association rules, classification, clustering, regression, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbour, hidden Markov Model, summarization
• Data warehousing and data mining: Dependency modeling, link analysis, sequencing analysis, social network analysis
• Big data systems: Big data characteristics, types of big data, big data architecture, introduction to map-reduce and hadoop; distributed file system, HDFS
• NOSQL: NOSQL and query optimization; different NOSQL products, querying and managing NOSQL; indexing and ordering data sets; NOSQL in cloud

Computer science and applications: Unit 05

• System software: Machine, assembly, and high-level languages; compilers and interpreters; loading, linking, and relocation; macros, debuggers
• Basics of operating systems: Operating system structure, operations and services; system calls, operating-system design and implementation; system boot
• Process management: Process scheduling and operations; interprocess communication, communication in client-server systems, process synchronization, critical-section problem, Peterson’s solution, semaphores, synchronization
• Threads: Multicore programming, multithreading models, thread libraries, implicit threading, threading issues
• CPU scheduling: Scheduling criteria and algorithms; thread scheduling, multiple processor scheduling, real-time CPU scheduling
• Deadlocks: Deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention, avoidance, and detection; recovery from deadlock
• Memory management: Contiguous memory allocation, swapping, paging, segmentation, demand paging, page replacement, allocation of frames, thrashing, memory-mapped files
• Storage management: Mass-storage structure, disk structure, scheduling and management, RAID structure
• File and input/ output systems: Access methods, directory and disk structure; file system mounting, file sharing, file-system structure and implementation; directory implementation, allocation methods, free-space management, efficiency and performance
• File and input/ output systems: Recovery, I/O hardware, application I/O interface, kernel I/O subsystem, transforming I /O requests to hardware operations
• Security: Protection, access matrix, access control, revocation of access rights, program threats, system and network threats; cryptography as a security tool, user authentication, implementing security defenses
• Virtual machines: Types of virtual machines and implementations; virtualization
• Linux operating systems: Design principles, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, memory management, file systems, input and output; interprocess communication, network structure
• Windows operating systems: Design principles, system components, terminal services and fast user switching; file system, networking
• Distributed systems: Types of network based operating systems, network structure, communication structure and protocols; robustness, design issues, distributed file systems