MP SET 2024 Exam - Dates, Registration, Admit Card, Syllabus & Pattern

Commerce: Unit 01

• Meaning and elements of business environment, economic environment, economic policies, economic planning, legal environment of business in India, competition policy, consumer protection, environment protection, policy environment: Liberalization
• Policy environment: Privatisation and globalization, second generation reforms, industrial policy and implementation. Industrial growth and structural changes

Commerce: Unit 02

• Basic accounting concepts, capital and revenue, financial statements, partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, death, dissolution and cash distribution, advanced company accounts: Issue, forfeiture, purchase of business, liquidation
• Advanced company accounts: Valuation of shares, amalgamation, absorption and reconstruction, holding company accounts, cost and management accounting: Ratio analysis, funds flow analysis, cash flow analysis, marginal costing and break-even analysis
• Cost and management accounting: Standard costing, budgetary control, costing for decision-making responsibility accounting

Commerce: Unit 03

• Nature and uses of business economics, concept of profit and wealth maximization, demand analysis and elasticity of demand, indifference curve analysis, law utility analysis and laws of returns and law of variable proportions cost, revenue
• Price determination in different market situations: Perfect competition, monopolistic competition, monopoly, price discrimination and oligopoly, pricing strategies

Commerce: Unit 04

• Data types, data collection and analysis, sampling, need, errors and methods of sampling, normal distribution, hypothesis testing, analysis and interpretation of data correlation and regression, small sample tests-t-test, F-test and chi-square test
• Data processing-elements, data entry, data processing and computer applications, computer application to functional areas-accounting, inventory control, marketing

Commerce: Unit 05

• Principles of management, planning-objectives, strategies, planning process, decision-making, organizing, organizational structure, formal and informal organizations, organizational culture, staffing, leading: Motivation, leadership, committees
• Leading: Communication, controlling, corporate governance and business ethics

Commerce: Unit 06

• The evolution of marketing, concepts of marketing, marketing mix, marketing environment, consumer behaviour, marketing segmentation, product decisions, pricing decisions, distribution decisions, promotion decisions, marketing planning
• Organizing and control

Commerce: Unit 07

• Capital structure, financial and operating leverage, cost of capital, capital budgeting, working capital management, dividend policy

Commerce: Unit 08

• Concepts, role and functions of human resource management, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, succession planning, compensation: Wage and salary administration, incentive and fringe benefits
• Compensation: Morale and productivity, performance appraisal, industrial relations in India, health, safety, welfare and social security, workers’ participation in management

Commerce: Unit 09

• Importance of banking to business, types of banks and their functions, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and rural banking, banking sector reforms in India, NPA, capital adequacy norms-banking development banking: IDBI, IFCI, SFCS, UTI, SIDBI

Commerce: Unit 10

• Theoretical foundations of international business, balance of payments, international liquidity, international economic institutions-IMF, world bank IFC, IDA, ADB, world trade organization-its functions and policies
• Structure of India’s foreign trade: Composition and direction, EXIM bank, EXIM policy of India, regulation and promotion of foreign trade
• Foreign direct investment and multinational corporations-MNCs culture, MNCs and IDCs, joint ventures
• Regional economic integration: SAARC, ASEAN, EC, NAFTA
• India and WTO, intellectual property rights
• Foreign exchange: Exchange rate, mechanism, risk management, transfer of international payments, convertibility of rupee, current and capital accounts; issues and perceptions, derivatives and futures
• Foreign investment institution; instruments: GDRSs, ADRs, FIIs-their role in Indian capital market

Commerce: Unit 11

• Accounting standards in India, inflation accounting, human resource accounting, responsibility accounting, social accounting, money and capital market, working of stock exchanges in India, NSE, OTCEI, NASDAQ, derivatives and options
• Regulatory authorities: SEBI, rating agencies; new instruments: GDRS, ADRs, venture capital funds, mergers and acquisitions, mutual funds, lease financing, factoring, measurements of risk and returns securities and portfolios
• Computer application in accounting and finance

Commerce: Unit 12

• Marketing tasks, concepts and tools, marketing environment consumer behaviour and market segmentation, product decisions, pricing decisions, distributions decisions, promotion decisions, marketing research, online marketing, direct marketing
• Social, ethical and legal aspects of marketing in india

Commerce: Unit 13

• Concept; role and functions of human resource management, human resource planning, job analysis, job description and specifications, use of job analysis information, recruitment and selection, training and development, succession planning
• Compensation: Wage and salary administration, incentives and fringe benefits, morale and productivity, appraisal performance, industrial relations in India, health, safety, welfare and social security, workers participation in management

Commerce: Unit 14

• Basic concepts, residential status and tax incidence, exempted incomes, computation of taxable income under various heads
• Computation of taxable income of individuals and firms
• Deduction of tax, filing of returns, different types of assessment; defaults and penalties
• Tax planning: Concept, significance and problems of tax planning, tax evasion and tax avoidance, methods of tax planning
• Tax considerations in specific business decisions, viz., make or buy; own or lease, retain or replace; export or domestic sales; shut-down or closure; expand or contract; invest or disinvest
• Computer application in income tax and tax planning

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 01

• Defence and strategic studies: Assumptions and approaches
• The concepts of nation, state and nation-state, theories and elements of state, national power and its components
• Key concepts of security: (a) National security, (b) regional security, (c) comprehensive security, (d) common security, (e) equal security
• National security objectives: Core values, national interests
• Challenges to security: Individual, sub-national: National, regional, and international levels
• Non-alignment, balance of power, collective security and balance of terror-concept, development, and relevance
• Concepts of geopolitics and geostrategy: Theories of Halford Mackinder and Carl Haushofer
• Defence and security policies: Concept, formulation, objectives and linkages
• National security organizations in India: (a) Higher defence structure in India, (b) national security council, (c) para-military and civil defence, (d) civil-military relations
• Deterrence and detente: Concept, theories of nuclear deterrence and their current relevance
• Contribution to strategic thought by kautilya, mao, jomini, clausewitz, douhet and alfred mahan

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 02

• War: (a) Theories and causes of war, (b) principles of war, (c) contemporary warfare: Conventional warfare in nuclear age, limited war, revolutionary warfare, low intensity operations, Guerilla warfare, insurgency and counter-insurgency
• Armaments: Arms race, arms aid, arms trade, arms proliferation
• Military alliances and pacts, peace treaties, defence cooperation, strategic partnership and security dialogue
• Problem of system of governance and human rights

Defence and strategic studies paper – II and paper - III: Unit 01

• Terrorism: Concept and kinds (national, international and cross border)
• Conflicting ideologies: Militarism, nationalism, fundamentalism, separatism, irredentism
• Nuclear proliferation and npt, ctbt, mtcr, nmd
• Industrial military complex

Defence and strategic studies paper – II and paper - III: Unit 02

• End of cold war and emergence of new world order
• Military, nuclear and missile capabilities of China, Pakistan, and India
• Restructuring of UNO
• Environmental issues: Global warming, desertification, acid rains, industrial pollution, deforestation
• Military geography and defence problems; nature of boundaries, terrain: (a) Sino-Indian and Indo-Pak border disputes and India’s continental strategy with her neighbours, (b) Sri Lankan ethnic conflict, (c) domestic unrest in Afghanistan
• Military geography and defence problems; nature of boundaries, terrain: (d) West-Asian crisis, (e) development in central Asian republics, (f) ethnic issues in Yugoslavia, (g) crisis in Chechnya
• Organized crimes: Money laundering, narco-trafficking
• Militarisation of Indian ocean and India’s national, maritime and security interests in the Indian ocean region
• India’s maritime strategy for the 21st century
• Issues of logistics: Resources, supply chain, transportation and communication
• Problems of refugees: (a) Causes of migration, (b) population in border areas and border security

Defence and strategic studies paper – II and paper - III: Unit 03

• Origin, type and structure of conflict at inter-state level
• Images, belief systems and international conflicts
• Techniques of conflict prevention
• Conflict management: Pacific solution of international disputes, coercive methods and war as an instrument
• International humanitarian laws and laws of armed conflicts
• Confidence building measures: Concept, kinds, and utility
• IGOs and NGOs in conflict resolution: Peace making, peacekeeping and peacebuilding
• Techniques of preservation of peace: Collective security system, pacific settlement, enforcement action, regional security arrangements, disarmament

Defence and strategic studies paper – II and paper - III: Unit 04

• Broad survey of technological changes from industrial revolution to inform action revolution
• Economic theories of defence
• Basics of defence planning, determinants of defence expenditure and defence budgeting
• National security and international trade regimes (WTO, TRIPS, TRIMS, NAFTA, SAPTA)
• India’s nuclear and space power programmes, India’s energy scenario
• Research and development: (a) Relevance of science and technology in national security, (b) impact of information technology; revolution in military affairs (RMA), (c) choice of weapon systems
• Impact of economic liberalization and globalization: (a) Defence production in India ( role of PSUs and ordnance factories), (b) defence and development and peace and development dichotomies
• Issues of mobilization of resources during war and peace
• Transfer of technology: Dual use and critical technologies and their impact on national security

Economics: Unit 01

• Demand analysis-Marshallian, Hicksian and Revealed preference approaches, theory of production and costs, pricing and output under different forms of market structure, factor pricing analysis, elements of general equilibrium and new welfare economics

Economics: Unit 02

• Determination of output and employment-classical approach, Keynesian approach, consumption hypotheses, demand for money-Fisher and Cambridge versions, approaches of Keynesian, Friedman, Patinkin, Baumol, and Tobin
• Supply of money, determinants of money supply, high-powered money, money multiplier, Phillips curve analysis, business cycles-models of Samuelson, Hicks, and Kaldor
• Macroeconomic equilibrium-relative roles of monetary and fiscal policies

Economics: Unit 03

• Economic growth, economic development and sustainable development-importance of institutions-government and markets-perpetuation of underdevelopment-vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, structural view of under development
• Measurement of development conventional, HDI and quality of life indices
• Theories of development-classical, Marx and Schumpeter; economic growth-Harrod-Domar model, instability of equilibrium, neoclassical growth-Solow’s model, steady state growth, approaches to development: Balanced growth, critical minimum effort
• Approaches to development: Big push, unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth, low income equilibrium trap
• Indicators and measurement of poverty
• Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development-choice of techniques and appropriate technology, investment criteria, elementary idea of cost-benefit analysis
• Trade and aid-international trade as ‘engine of growth’, globalization and LDC’s, objectives and role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development
• Techniques of planning; plan models in India; planning in a market-oriented economy

Economics: Unit 04

• Role of the government in economic activity-allocation, distribution and stabilization functions; private, public, and merit goods, the public budgets-kinds of budgets, zero-base budgeting, different concepts of budget deficits
• The public budgets-budgets of the union government of India, public expenditure-hypotheses; effects and evaluation, public revenue-different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxation; elasticity and buoyancy
• Public revenue-taxable capacity, public debt-sources, effects, burden and its management, fiscal federalism-theory and problems; problems of centre-state financial relations in India, fiscal policy-neutral and compensatory and functional finance
• Fiscal policy-balanced budget multiplier

Economics: Unit 05

• Theories of international trade: Empirical verification and relevance, international trade under imperfect competition, terms of trade and economic growth-secular, deterioration of terms of trade hypothesis-a critical review
• Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in balance of payment-traditional, absorption and monetary approaches for adjustment in the balance of payments, foreign trade multiplier, impact of tariffs, partial, and general equilibrium analysis
• Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in balance of payment-political economy of non-tariff barriers, theory of regionalism at global level-collapse of Bretton-wood system, recent monetary reforms, trade policy and reforms in India

Economics: Unit 06

• Basic economic indicators-national income, performance of different sectors, trends in prices and money supply, agriculture-institutional and technological aspects, new agriculture policy, industry-new industrial policy and liberalization
• Money and banking-concepts of money supply, inflation, monetary policy and financial sector, reforms, public finance-trends in revenue and expenditures of the central and state government, public debt; analysis of the union budget
• Foreign trade-trends, balance of payments and trade reforms, poverty, unemployment, migration, and environment

Economics: Unit 07

• Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, elementary theory of probability-binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions, simple correlation and regression analysis, statistical inferences-applications
• Statistical inferences-sampling distributions (t, x² and f tests), sampling of attributes, testing of hypothesis, index numbers and time series analysis, sampling and census methods, types of sampling and errors

Economics: Unit 08

• Axiomatic approach, demand functions, consumer behavior under conditions of uncertainty, theory of production, collusive and non-collusive oligopolies, different models of objectives of the firm-Baumol, Morris, and Williamson, factor pricing,
• General equilibrium and welfare economics

Economics: Unit 09

• Concepts of investment multiplier; consumption hypotheses, theories of investment and accelerator, theories of demand for money-Keynesian and post-Keynesian, different approaches to money supply; money supply; components and determinants; money multiplier
• Output-price determination (aggregate supply and aggregate demand curve analysis), Fleming-Mundell open economy model

Economics: Unit 10

• Theories of growth and development-models of growth of Joan Robinson and Kaldor; technical progress-Hicks, Harrod and learning by doing, production function approach to the determinants of growth: Endogenous growth-role of education
• production function approach to the determinants of growth: Endogenous growth-research and knowledge-explanation of cross country differentials in economic development and growth
• Theories of development-classical, Marx, Schumpeter, and structural analysis of development-imperfect market paradigm, Lewis model of development, Ranis-Fei model, dependency theory of development, factors in economy development-natural resources
• Factors in economy development-population, capital, human resource development and infrastructure, trade and development-trade as engine of growth, two-gap analysis, Prebisch, Singer and Myrdal views; gains from trade and LDCs

Economics: Unit 11

• Theories of public expenditure-effects on savings, investment, and growth, burden of public debt, union finance-trends in revenue and expenditure of the government of India, state finance-trends in revenue and expenditure of the state governments
• Public debt-India’s Public debt since 1951, growth composition, ownership pattern and debt management, union-state financial relations-horizontal and vertical imbalances; the finance commissions, fiscal policy and fiscal reforms in India

Economics: Unit 12

• Regional blocs-multilateralism and world trading system, the political economy of imposition of non-tariff barriers, international trade under conditions of imperfect competition in goods market theory of International reserves
• Optimum currency areas-theory and impact in the developed and developing countries, WTO and its impact on the different sectors of the economy

Economics: Unit 13

• Role, constituents, and functions of money and capital markets, RBI-recent monetary and credit policies, commercial banks and co-operatives banks, specialized financial and investment institutions, non-bank financial institutions and regional rural banks

Economics: Unit 14

• Pattern of industrialization-public and private; large and small industries, theories of industrial location-Indian experience, industrial productivity-measurement, partial and total trends, industrial finance in India
• Industrial labour-problems, policies and reforms in India, economic reforms and industrial growth

Economics: Unit 15

• Interrelation between population, development and environment, sustainable development, Malthusian theory of population, optimum theory of population, theory of demographic transition, population as ‘limits to growth’ and as ‘ultimate source’
• Concepts of demography-vital rates, life tables, composition and uses, measurement of fertility-total fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rate-age pyramids, population projection-stable, stationary and quasi-stationary population
• Characteristics of Indian population through recent census, poverty in India-absolute and relative; analysis of poverty in India, Environment as necessity-amenity and public goods; causes of environmental and ecosystem degeneration
• Policies for controlling pollution, economic and persuasive; their relative effectiveness in LDCs; relation between population, poverty and environmental degradation-microplanning for environment and eco-preservation, watersheds
• Joint forest management and self-helps groups, role of state in environmental preservation-review of environmental legislation in India

Economics: Unit 16

• Share of agriculture, interrelationship between agriculture and industry, institutional aspects-land reforms, green revolution, technologies aspects-agricultural inputs and shifts in production function, capital formation in the rural sector-savings
• Capital formation in the rural sector-assets, and credits, strategies for rural development, regional disparities in Indian agriculture, cooperative movement in India-organization, structure, and development of different types of cooperatives in India

Economics: Unit 17

• Production and pricing under different market conditions, input-output analysis and linear programming, application of correlation and regression, testing of hypothesis in regression analysis

Economics: Unit 18

• Assumption and properties of OLS, multiple regression model-estimation and interpretation, multicollinearity-autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, causes, detection, consequences and remedy, dummy variables, distributed lags-need
• Distributed lags-limitations, and interpretation, application in economics

Economics: Unit 19

• Theory of pricing-monopoly, monopolistic competition, duopoly, and oligopoly, theory of games-two-person, zero-sum game, pure and mixed strategy, saddle point solution, linear programming and input-output analysis
• Static and dynamic multiplier and accelerator, Samuelson-Hicks trade cycle model
• Growth models-Harrod and Domar, neoclassical models-Solow, Meade, Kaldor’s model with technological progress, endogenous growth models
• Employment and output determination with fixed and flexible prices (IS-LM, aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis)

Economics: Unit 20

• World trading system-evolution and distortions, globalization-developments in exchanges markets, euro-currency markets, and international bond markets, international debt crisis, theory of foreign exchange markets-exchange trading
• Theory of foreign exchange markets-arbitrage, and market hedging

Economics: Unit 21

• Development of distributive institutions-costs and price policies, agricultural marketing and credit, trends in migration and labour markets, minimum wages act, WTO and sustainable agricultural development, reforms in Indian agriculture

Economics: Unit 22

• Costs, prices, WTO and Indian agriculture, globalization, liberalization, and the Indian industrial sector, infrastructure and economic development, social sector, poverty and reforms in India, women, environment and economic development
• Trade reforms and liberalization, financial sector reforms, fiscal policy and fiscal reforms

English: Unit 01

English: Unit 02

English: Unit 03

English: Unit 04

English: Unit 05

English: Unit 06

English: Unit 07

English: Unit 08

English: Unit 09

English: Unit 10

English: Unit 11

English: Unit 12

English: Unit 13

English: Unit 14

English: Unit 15

English: Unit 16

English: Unit 17

English: Unit 18

English: Unit 19

English: Unit 20

English: Unit 21

English: Unit 22

English: Unit 23

Geography: Unit 01

• Types of maps: Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; choropleth; isopleth and chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; mapping of location-specific data; accessibility and flow maps
• Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS)
• Statistical methods: Data sources and types of data; frequency distribution and cumulative frequency; measures of central tendency; selection of class intervals for mapping; measures of dispersion and concentration; standard deviation; Lorenz curve
• Statistical methods: Methods of measuring association among different attributes; simple and multiple correlation; regression. Nearest-neighbour analysis; scaling techniques; rank score; weighted score; sampling techniques for geographical analysis
• Maps as a tool in geographical studies; types of maps; techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; single purpose and composite maps; choropleth, isopleth, and chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; mapping of location specific date
• Accessibility and flow maps
• Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS): Thematic maps
• Statistical methods: Data sources and types of date; statistical diagrams; study of frequency distribution and cumulative frequency; measures of central tendency; selection of class intervals for mapping; measures of dispersion and concentration
• Statistical methods: Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; simple and multiple correlation; regression
• Measurement of spatial patterns of distribution; Nearest-neighbour analysis; scaling techniques, rank score, weighted score; sampling techniques for geographical analysis

Geography: Unit 02

• Composition and structure of the atmosphere; heat budget of the earth; distribution of temperature; atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; monsoon and jet stream; tropical and temperate cyclones; classification of world climates
• Koppen’s and thornthwaite’s schemes
• Composition and structure of the atmosphere; insolation; heat budget of the earth; distribution of temperature, atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; monsoons and jet streams; stability and instability of the atmosphere
• Airmasses; fronts, temperate, and tropical cyclones; types and distribution of precipitation; classification of world climate; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes; hydrological cycle; global warming

Geography: Unit 03

• Sectors of economy: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary; natural resources; renewable and non-renewable
• Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; crop combination and diversification; Von Thunen’s model
• Classification of industries: Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; resource based and footloose industries
• Models of transportation and transport cost: Accessibility and connectivity
• Location of economic activities and spatial organization of economies; classification of economies; sectors of economy: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary; natural resources: Renewable and non-renewable; conservation of resources
• Agriculture geography: Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions; measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; crop combinations and diversification; Von Thunen’s model; agricultural systems of the world
• Industrial geography: Classification of industries; Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; resource based and footloose industries
• Geography of transport and trade: Models of transportation and transport cost; accessibility and connectivity: Inter-regional and intra-regional: Comparative cost advantages

Geography: Unit 04

• General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period; foundations of modern geography, determinism and possibilism; areal differentiation and spatial organization

Geography: Unit 05

• Physiographic divisions; climate: Its regional variations; vegetation types and vegetation regions; major soil types; irrigation and agriculture; population distribution and growth; settlement patterns; mineral and power resources
• Major industries and industrial regions
• Physiographic divisions; climate: Its regional variations; vegetation types and vegetation regions; major soil types: Coastal and marine resources; water resources; irrigation; agriculture; agroclimatic regions; mineral and power resources
• Major soil types: Major industries and industrial regions; population distribution and growth; settlement patterns; regional disparities in social and economic development

Geography: Unit 06

• Fundamental concepts; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; denudation and weathering; geosynclines, continental drift and plate tectonics; concept of geomorphic cycle; landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal, and karst cycles
• Fundamental concepts; factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic; denudation process; weathering and erosion, geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift and plate tectonics; concept of geomorphic cycle
• Landform associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles, slope forms and processes; environmental and applied geomorphology

Geography: Unit 07

• General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period; foundations of modern geography: Contribution of German, French, British, and American schools; conceptual and methodological developments during the 20th century
• Changing paradigms; man and environment, determinism and possibilism, areal differentiation and spatial organization; quantitative revolution; impact of positivism, humanism, radicalism and behaviouralism in geography

Geography: Unit 08

• Ocean deposits; coral reefs; temperature and sanity of the oceans; density of seawater; tides and ocean currents
• Biogeography: World distribution of plants and animals; forms and functions of ecosystem; conservation and management of ecosystems; problems of pollution
• Origin of ocean basins; bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific oceans; ocean deposits; coral reefs; temperature and salinity of the oceans; density of seawater; tides and ocean currents; sea-level changes
• Biogeography: Physical factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; forms and functions of ecosystem: Forest, grassland, marine, and mountain ecosystem; biodiversity and its depletion through natural and man induced causes
• Biogeography: Conservation and management of ecosystems; environmental hazards and problems of pollution; ozone depletion

Geography: Unit 09

• Heartland and Rimland theories; boundaries and frontiers; nature of administrative areas and geography of public policy and finance
• Social geography: Ethnicity; tribe; dialect; language, caste and religion; concept of social well-being
• Cultural geography: Culture-areas and cultural regions; human races; habitat; economy and society of tribal groups
• Definition and scope of political geography; geopolitics; geopolitics; global strategic views (Heartland and Rimland theories); concept of nation, state and nation-state; boundaries and frontiers; political of world resources
• Geography and federalism dialect, language, caste, and religion; concept of social well-being
• Social geography: Nature and scope of social geography; social structure and social geography; structure and social processes; elements of social geography-ethnicity, tribe, dialect, language cast and religion; concept of social well-being
• Cultural geography: Nature and scope of cultural geography; environment and culture; concept of culture-areas and cultural regions; theories of tribal groups; Dwelling places as cultural expressions

Geography: Unit 10

• Patterns of world distribution; growth and density of population; patterns and processes of migration; demographic transition
• Settlement geography: Site, situation, types, size, spacing, and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; city-region; primate city; Rank-size rule; settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s central place theory
• Settlement geography: August Losch’s theory of market centres
• Nature, scope, subject matter, and recent trends; patterns world distribution, growth and density of population; policy issues; patterns and process of migration; demographic transition; population-resource regions
• Settlement geography: Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; ecological processes of urban growth; urban fringe; city-region; settlement systems; primate city; rank-size rule; settlement hierarchy
• Christaller’s central place theory; August Losch’s theory of market centres

Geography: Unit 11

• Regional concept in geography; concept of planning regions; types of regions; methods of regional delineation; regional planning in India; indicators of development; regional imbalances; evolution
• Nature and scope of town planning with special reference to India, and fundamentals of town and country planning
• Regional concept in geography; its application to planning; concept of planning region, regional hierarchy; types of regions and methods of regional delineation; conceptual and theoretical framework of regional planning; regional planning in India
• Concept of development; indicators of development; regional imbalances

History: Unit 01

• Bhartvarsha, Kara/ Vishti, Sabha And Samiti, Stridhana, Varnasrama, memorial stones, Purusharthas, Agraharas, Rina, Khilafat, Samskaras, Sulah-I-Kul, Yajna, Maharashtra-Dharma, doctrine of karma, Turkan-I-Chahlghani, Dandaniti/ Arthasastra, Watan
• Saptanga, Baluta, Dharmavijaya, Iqta, Stupa/ Chaitya, Jizyah, Nagara/ Dravida/ Vesara, Madad-I-Maash, Bodhisattva/ Tirthankara, Amaram, Alvars/ Nayanars, Raya-Rekho, Sreni, Jangama, Chauth, Dyarchy, Hundi (Bills Of Exchange), federalism, Sarraf
• Utilitarianism, polygars, filtration theory, Jagir, forward policy, Dastur, doctrine of lapse, Mansab (rank), Satyagraha, Deshmukh, Swadeshi, Nadu, revivalism, Pargana, communalism, Bengal Vaishnavism, orientalism, Alt Magha, de-industrialisation
• Shahna-i-mandi, subsidiary alliance, mercantilism, evangelicalism, economic nationalism, Bhudan, Indian renaissance, Panchsheel, economic drain, mixed economy, colonialism, Indian left, paramountcy, Hindu code bill

History: Unit 02

• Sources: Archaeological sources, exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments, literary sources, indigenous: Primary and secondary-problems of dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientific literature, literature in regional languages
• Sources: Indigenous-religious literature. Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arab writers
• Pre-history and proto-history: Man and environment-geographical factors. Hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic). Indus valley civilization-origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline
• Indus valley civilization-survival and significance. Iron age: Second urbanization
• Vedic period: Migrations and settlements: Dating the Vedic, literary and archaeological evidences, evolution of social and political institutions; religious and philosophical ideas, rituals, and practices
• Period of Mahajanapadas: Formation of states (Mahajanapadas); republics and monarchies; rise of urban centres; trade routes; economic growth; introduction of coinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; rise of Magadha and Nandas
• Period of Mahajanapadas: Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact
• Mauryan empire: Foundation of the Mauryan empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya, and Arthashastra; Ashoka; concept of Dharma; edicts; Brahmi, and Kharosthi scripts. Administration; economy; architecture and sculpture; external contacts
• Mauryan empire: Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas
• Post-mauryan period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans, western Kshatrapas): Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art and architecture, literature, and science
• Early state and society-in eastern India, Deccan, and South India: Kharavela, the Satavahanas, Tamil states of the Sangam age, administration; economy, land grants; coinage, trade guilds and urban centres, Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture
• Early state and society-in eastern India, Deccan, and South India: Art and architecture
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Guptas and Vakatakas, Harsha, administration, economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas, land grants, decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, caste system, position of women
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Education and educational institutions-Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact with neighbouring countries-central Asia, south-east Asia, and China, sanskrit literature, scientific literature
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Contact with neighbouring countries-art and architecture. The Kadambas, Gangas, Pallavas, and Chalukyas of Badami-administration, trade guilds, Sanskrit literature and growth of regional languages and scripts
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions, Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya-Vedanta; institutions of temple and temple architecture. Varmanas of Kamrup; Palas and Senas, Rashtrakutas, Pratiharas
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Kalachuri-Chedis; Paramaras; Chalukyas of Gujarat; Arab contacts-Ghaznavi conquest, Alberuni. The Chalukyas of kalyana, Cholas, Cheras, Hoysalas, Pandyas-administration and local government
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society, contact with Sri Lanka and south-East Asia
• Stone-age cultures of India, origin, date, extent, and characteristics of the Indus valley civilization
• Evolution of social and political institutions of the Vedic period, economic and religious developments in 6th century BC, sources of Mauryan history-Megasthenes, Kautilya, Ashokan edicts and Sinhalese chronicles
• Economy and trade during 2nd century BC-3rd century AD, schools of art, development of Stupa and Chaitya architecture, assessment of the Gupta age ancient Indian republics-history of local self-government in India, Indian feudalism
• Indian contacts with the outside world in the ancient period, contribution of Sankara and Ramanuja to religion and philosophy

History: Unit 03

• Sources: Archaeological, epigraphic, and numismatic materials and monuments. Chronicles. Literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages. Archival materials. Foreign travelers' accounts
• Political developments: The Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids and the Lodis, foundation of the Mughal empire-Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire-political
• Political developments: Administrative and economic causes. Later Mughals and disintegration of the Mughal empire. The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-rise, expansion and disintegration. The Maratha movement, the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji
• Political developments: Its expansion under the Peshwas; Maratha Confederacy-causes of decline
• Administration: Administration under the Sultanate-civil, judicial, revenue, fiscal and military. Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal; administration-land revenue and other sources of income; Mansabdari and Jagirdari
• Administration: Administrative system in the Deccan-the Vijayanagara, the Bahmanis and the Marathas
• Economic aspects: Agricultural production-village economy; peasantry. Urban centres and population. Industries-cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, technology. Trade and commerce-state policies
• Economic aspects: Internal and external trade; European trade, trade centres and ports, transport and communication. Financing trade, commerce and industries, Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance. Currency
• Socio-religious movements: The Sufis-their orders, beliefs and practices, the leading Sufi saints. Bhakti cult-Shaivism and its branches; Vaishnavism and its branches
• Socio-religious movements: The Saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on socio political and religious life. The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
• Society: Classification-ruling class, major religious groups, the mercantile and professional classes. Rural society-petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators and non-cultivating classes, artisans. Position of women
• Cultural life: System of educational and its motivations. Literature-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages. Fine arts-major schools of painting; music. Architectural developments of north and south India; Indo-Islamic architecture
• Sources on medieval Indian history, north-west frontier and Deccan policy of the Mughals, society and economy during medieval period, religion, art, architecture, and literature during medieval period, urban economy
• Trade and commerce during medieval period, legacy of the Mughals, 18th century debate, significance of regional history

History: Unit 04

• Sources and historiography: Archival materials, biographies and memories, newspapers. Oral evidence, creative literature and painting. Concerns in modern Indian historiography-imperialist, nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern
• Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 17th and 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British. The establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
• Rise of British power: British relations with and subjugation of the principal Indian powers-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and the Sikhs
• Administration of the company and crown: Evolution of central and provincial structure under the East India Company, 1773-1853. Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police, and the army under the company and crown. Local self-government
• Administration of the company and crown: Constitutional changes, 1909-1935
• Economic history: Changing composition, volume and direction of trade; ‘The Tribute’. Expansions and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour
• Economic history: Decline of industries-changing socio-economic conditions of artisans; urbanisation. British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements. Monetary policy, banking
• Economic history: Currency and exchange, railways and road transport. Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture. Famines and epidemics and the government policy. Economic thought-English utilitarians
• Economic history: Indian economic historians; the drain theory
• Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities. The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language
• Indian society in transition: The new education-modern science; Indian initiatives in education. Raja Ram Mohan Roy; socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility. Women’s question-nationalist discourse
• Indian society in transition: Women’s question-women’s organisations; British legislation concerning women; constitutional position. The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
• Indian society in transition: Modernisation of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music, and performing arts
• National movement: Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economic bases of nationalism. Revolt of 1857 and different social classes. Tribal and peasant movements. Ideologies and programmes or the Indian national congress, 1885-1920
• National movement: Trends in Swadeshi movement, ideologies and programmes of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad. Gandhian mass movements. Ideology and programme of the Justice party. Left wing politics. Movement of the depressed classes
• National movement: Communal politics and genesis of Pakistan. Towards Independence and partition
• India after Independence (1947-1964): Rehabilitation after partition. Integration of the Indian states; the Kashmir question. The making of the Indian constitution. The structure of bureaucracy and the policy. The demographic trends
• India after Independence (1947-1964): Economic policies and the planning process. Linguistic reorganization of States. Foreign policy initiatives
• World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-pre-history, humanism, burial-practices, enlightened despotism, mother-Goddess, divine right, law codes, supremacy of Church, Athenian democracy, Holy Roman empire, imperial Rome, social contract and general will
• World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-slavery, nation states, aristocracy, Renaissance, Confucianism, reformation, manorial system, Darwinism, black death, Great Depression (1929), feudalism, feminism, non-alignment, parliamentary democracy, Nazism
• World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-commonwealth, imperialism, socialism, balance of power, Apartheid, rights of man, Cold War, postmodernism
• Research in history: Scope and value of history, objectivity and bias in history, history and its auxiliary sciences, area of research-proposed, sources-primary/ secondary in the proposed area of research
• Research in history: Modern historical writing in the researcher’s area of research
• The establishment and expansion of the British dominion in India, constitutional development from 1858 to 1935, the British agrarian policies
• The relief measures adopted by the British education and social reforms under the British socio religious reform movements in the 19th century, rise of nationalism and the Indian National Congress, the Gandhian era towards independence and partition
• The making of the indian constitution and its working

History: Unit 05

• Age, extent and characteristics of the indus valley civilization
• Vedic culture-early and late-geography: Social and political institutions, economic conditions, religious, and philosophical ideas
• Mahajanapadas, republics, economic growth-emergence of Jainism and Buddhism, rise of Magadha, Macedonian invasion and its effects

History: Unit 06

• Foundation of the Mauryan empire-Chandragupta, Ashoka, and his Dhamma, Mauryan administration, economy, art, and architecture, disintegration of the Mauryan empire
• Sangam age Sungas, Satavahanas, and Kushanas: Administration, religion, society, economy, trade, and commerce, culture-art and architecture, literature

History: Unit 07

• Gupta-Vakataka age, Harsha, Pallavas, early Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Pratiharas, Palas-a brief survey of the history of the Paramaras, Kalachuris, Gahadavalas and Chauhans-administration
• Feudalism, society, position of women, educational centres, economy, religious trends, styles of temple architecture, art, literature, an outline of scientific and technological developments
• India’s contacts with the outside world

History: Unit 08

• Expansion and consolidation-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids, and the Lodis
• Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms
• State and religion-concept of sovereignty, religious movements, and Sufism
• Economic aspect-urban centres, industries, trade and commerce, land revenue and prices
• Mongol problem and its impact
• Administrative structure
• Art, architecture, and literature
• Sources-archaeological, Persian and non-Persian literature, foreign travellers’ account

History: Unit 09

• Sources of mughal period
• Mughal expansion and consolidation-Babur’s establishment of Mughal rule in India; Humayun and Surs; Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb
• Mughal relations with the nobility and the rajputs
• Jahangir-the period of stability and expansions 1611-1621; the period of crises 1622-1627-the Nurjahan Junta
• Decline of Mughal empire: Political, administrative, and economic causes
• The Maratha movement, the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji-its expansion and administration, Maratha confederacy and causes of decline
• Administration: Sher Shah’s administrative reforms, Mughal administration, land revenue and other sources of income, Mansabdari, and Jagirdari

History: Unit 10

• Village society and economy, art, architecture, and literature, trade and commerce, religious policy from Akbar to Aurangzeb, urban centres and industries, currency, position of women

History: Unit 11

• Rise of European powers-expansion and consolidation of the British rule
• British relations with major Indian powers-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and Sikhs
• Administration under the East India Company and crown, paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, policy, and army
• Local self-government, constitutional development from 1909 to 1935

History: Unit 12

• Agrarian policy of the British, land revenue, agriculture and land rights, famine policy, rural indebtedness
• Policy towards trade and industries, condition of labour, trade union movements, factory legislation, banking, transport, drain theory
• Indian society in transition, Christian missions, socio-religious reforms movements, status of women
• New educational policy, English language, modern sciences, journalism, Indian languages, and literature

History: Unit 13

• Rise of nationalism, Revolt of 1857, tribal and peasant movements, ideologies and programmes of Indian National Congress, Swadeshi movement, Indian revolutionary movement in Indian and abroad
• Gandhian mass movements, ideologies and programmes of the justice party; left wing politics, movement of the depressed classes, genesis of Pakistan, India towards independence and partition
• India after independence, rehabilitation after partition, integration of Indian states, the Kashmir question
• Making of the Indian constitution, structure of bureaucracy and the police, economic policies and the planning process, linguistic reorganization of the states, foreign policy initiatives

History: Unit 14

• Renaissance, reinformation, enlightenment, rights of man, Apartheid, imperialism, socialism, nazism, parliamentary democracy, commonwealth, efforts at world peace, Cold War, postmodernism

History: Unit 15

• Scope and importance of history, objectivity and bias in history, causation in history, history and its auxiliary sciences, significance of regional history, recent trends of Indian history, research methodology, area of proposed research
• Sources-primary/ secondary in the proposed area of research
• Recent historical writings in the proposed area of research

Home science: Unit 01

• Food groups, food preparation, food preservation, food science and food analysis, food processing

Home science: Unit 02

• Fundamentals of nutrition, nutritional biochemistry, food microbiology, public nutrition, therapeutic nutrition

Home science: Unit 03

• Management of hospitality institutes-hospital/ hotel/ restaurant/ café and outdoor catering, management of social institutes-family as institute, child care and geriatric institutes, panchayats, managements of educational institutes-pre-school
• Managements of educational institutes-primary, and secondary schools, (colleges and universities) higher educational institutes, management of special institutes for physically, mentally, and socially challenged
• Challenges and problems faced by institutions

Home science: Unit 04

• Principles of clothing-socio psychological aspects of clothing, selection of fabrics, clothing, and family clothing, clothing construction-basic principles of drafting, flat pattern, and draping methods, textile design principles and concepts
• Fashion design, fashion cycles, business and merchandising, care and maintenance of textile materials and garments; laundry agents-methods and equipments

Home science: Unit 05

• General properties and fine structure of all textile fibers, processing and manufacture of all natural and man-made fibers, definition and classification of yarns; identification of yarns and its use in various fabrics, fabric construction
• Definition and types of woven, non-woven, knitted and other construction techniques, testings of fibers, yarns and fabric; importance of quality control and research institutes

Home science: Unit 06

• Concept of home management and steps management of human resources; classification of resources; basis characteristics of resources, decision making in family; steps in decision making; methods of resolving conflicts, work simplification
• Importance of work simplification in home; Mundel’s classes of change; simple pen and pencil technique in work simplification, housing, interior design, principles of interior design, various colours and colour scheme
• Household equipment-selection and care

Home science: Unit 07

• Child development-principles and stages, lifespan development-theories of human development and behaviour, child rearing, socialization practices, and dynamics, early childhood care and education-emerging trends
• Development problems and disabilities during childhood and adolescence, guidance and counseling, advanced child study methods and assessment, women’s studies, family welfare programme-recent approaches

Home science: Unit 08

• History and development of home science in formal/ non-formal and extension education, theory and practices of programmes/ curriculum planning and development, management and administration of formal/ non-formal and extension education
• Monitoring, supervision, and evaluation of formal, non-formal and extension education, vocationalization of home science in India
• Theories and principles of guidance and counseling in formal/ non-formal/ extension problems and challenges encountered in formal/ non-formal/ extension

Home science: Unit 09

• Concept and classification of communication, traditional methods and materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use, modern methods and materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use, strategies for development communication
• Classroom communications in home science trends, communication for publicity and public relations, change and challenges in communication in contemporary society

Home science: Unit 10

• Trends in research in home science, research designs, types of research, sampling techniques, selection and preparation of tools for data collection, type of variables and their selection, data collection and classification/ coding
• Analysis of data through parametric and non-parametric statistics, report writing-presentation of data, interpretation, and discussion

Home science: Unit 11

• Food science and quality control, macro-and micro-nutrients, human nutritional requirements, assessment of nutritional status, food biotechnology

Home science: Unit 12

• Advanced management and organisation, management of human resources, experimental quantity cookery, financial and profit management, quantity food preparation techniques, food service and delivery systems, marketing therapeutic dietetics

Home science: Unit 13

• Human development-rights perspective, principles and theories of human development, early childhood care and development-strategies, monitoring, and supervision
• Children with special needs and children at risk (child labour, street children, child abuse, chronically sick): Intervention programmes, socialization in various family contexts across different cultures, advances in assessment of children

Home science: Unit 14

• Textiles chemistry-fibers and dyes, dyeing, printing, and finishing of fibers yarns and fabrics, textile and apparel industry-fundamental of business, specifications, quality control agencies and marketing
• Historic and traditional textiles of world with emphasis on India, curriculum and teaching in clothing and textiles, analysis and development of curriculum; teaching methods and aids, consumer and textiles and clothing
• Recent developments in textile and clothing

Home science: Unit 15

• Concept of home management, system approach to family, input, output, and feedback, family resources-management of resources like time energy and money; basic characteristics of resources; efficient methods of utilization of resources
• Family life cycle-demands upon resources like time energy and money, concepts of ergonomics-its importance and application in home, concept of communication process and its importance in family; barriers in communication process
• Measures for effective communication, concept of work simplification-its importance in home; simple pen and pencil technique, consumer education-laws protecting consumer; role of consumer society in protecting consumer; kinds of adulteration
• Identification of adulteration

Home science: Unit 16

• Curriculum development for formal education in home sciences, general and special methods of teaching home science, media and materials for promoting homes science in formal/ non formal/ adult/ extension education
• Non-formal and adult education in home science, extension education in home science, women is changing India and plans for their development, self-employment and entrepreneurship through home science, programmes of extension in home science
• Measurement and evaluation including monitoring and supervision for formal; non-formal/ adult education/ extension education

Law: Unit 01

• Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy, judiciary, executive, union state legislative relations, emergency provisions, amendment of the constitutions writ jurisdiction

Law: Unit 02

• Nature and sources of law, positivism, natural law theory, sociological jurisprudence, theories of punishment, rights and duties, concepts of possession and ownership

Law: Unit 03

• Nature of international law and its relationship with municipal law, sources of international law, recognition of states and governments, united nations, settlement of international disputes, human rights

Law: Unit 04

• Concepts in family law, sources of family law in India, marriage and dissolution of marriage

Law: Unit 05

• Essentials of a valid contract, offer, acceptance, and consideration, capacity to contract-minor’s contract, elements vitiating contract-mistake, fraud, misrepresentation, public policy, coercion, undue influence, frustration of contract
• Remedies for breach of contract damages

Law: Unit 06

• Foundation of tortious liability, general defences to an action of torty, vicarious liability, remoteness of damages, contributory negligence, absolute and strict liability

Law: Unit 07

• Nature and definition of offence, general exceptions, common intention and common object, criminal attempt, conspiracy, and abetment, offences against women

Law: Unit 08

• Concepts-industry, industrial dispute, and workman, trade unions-rights and immunities of registered trade union; registration and its advantages
• Methods for settlement of industrial disputes under industrial disputes act, 1947 strike and lockout as instruments of collective bargaining, retrenchment, lay-off and closures

Law: Unit 09

• Distribution of legislative powers between union and states, fundamental rights, fundamental duties, and directive principles of state policy, judiciary, parliament and state legislatures, amending process of the constitution
• Role of election commission in democratic process

Law: Unit 10

• Principles of natural justice, administrative discretion and its control, judicial review of administration action-writ jurisdiction, Lokpal and Lokayukta

Law: Unit 11

• Legal concepts-right, duty, ownership, possession, and person, judicial process-application of doctrine of precedent of India, judicial contribution in bringing social changes, law and morality

Law: Unit 12

• Meaning, nature, essentials, and stages of offence, joint liability; abetment, and criminal conspiracy, offences against human body, offences against property, defamation

Law: Unit 13

• Meaning of environment and environment pollution; kinds of pollution, legislative measures for prevention and control of environmental pollution in India-air and water pollution and general protection of environment
• International development for protection of environment pollution, remedies for environment protection-civil, criminal, and constitutional, importance of forest and wildlife in protecting environment
• Environmental impact assessment and control of hazardous wastes

Law: Unit 14

• Concept of sovereignty and its relevance today, recognition of state and governments, extradition, asylum, nationality, and status of refugees, international court of justice, UNO and its organs, global trade regime under international law

Law: Unit 15

• Divorce, adoption and guardianship, maintenance, matrimonial remedies, uniform civil code

Law: Unit 16

• Contribution of unit nations in the development and implementation of human rights, implementation of human rights in India-role of national human rights commission, protection of marginalised groups-women, children, minorities, and refugees

Law: Unit 17

• General principles of tortious liability, specific torts-negligence, nuisance, and defamation, absolute liability-emerging trends in India, consumer protection-evolution of consumer rights and redressal of consumer grievances

Law: Unit 18

• Nature and essentials of partnership mutual rights and liabilities of partners, advantages of registration of firms, sales of goods act, negotiable instruments act, company law-role of directors, doctrines of indoor management and ultra virus

Life sciences: Unit 01

• Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds
• Composition, structure, and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins)
• Stabilizing interactions (Van Der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc)
• Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties)
• Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers
• Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes
• Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary structure, domains, motif, and folds)
• Conformation of nucleic acids (helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA)
• Stability of proteins and nucleic acids
• Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids nucleotides, and vitamins

Life sciences: Unit 02

• Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport
• Membrane structure and function: Electrical properties of membranes
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Structure and function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility
• Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons
• Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle
• Microbial physiology: Growth yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress response

Life sciences: Unit 03

• DNA replication, repair, and recombination: Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination
• RNA synthesis and processing: Transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation
• RNA synthesis and processing: Structure, and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport
• Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity
• Protein synthesis and processing: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proofreading, translational inhibitors, post-translational modification of proteins
• Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing

Life sciences: Unit 04

• Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation
• Host parasite interaction: Pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells
• Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component systems
• Cell signaling: Light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing
• Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation
• Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis
• Cancer: Therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. Generation of antibody diversity
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune modulation, the complement system, toll-like receptors, cell-mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines

Life sciences: Unit 05

• Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting
• Basic concepts of development: Mutants and transgenics in analysis of development
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Embryonic fields, gastrulation and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in drosophila, amphibia and chick; organogenesis-vulva formation in caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Limb development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal development; sex determination
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development in arabidopsis and antirrhinum
• Programmed cell death, aging, and senescence

Life sciences: Unit 06

• Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO fixation-C₃, C₄, and CAM pathways
• Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway
• Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis
• Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action
• Sensory photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport, and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates
• Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles
• Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature, and salt) stresses

Life sciences: Unit 07

• Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis
• Cardiovascular system: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, specialized tissue, ECG-its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above
• Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural, and chemical regulation of respiration
• Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone, and posture
• Sense organs: Vision, hearing, and tactile response
• Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, maturation, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
• Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature-physical, chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization
• Stress and adaptation
• Digestive system-digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR
• Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action, hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation

Life sciences: Unit 08

• Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment
• Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele, complementation tests
• Extensions of Mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced characters
• Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers, mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants
• Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal inheritance
• Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers-transformation, conjugation, transduction and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes
• Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, LOD score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders
• Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability and its measurements, QTL mapping
• Mutation: Types, causes and detection, mutant types-lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of function, gain of function, germinal vs somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis
• Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy and their genetic implications
• Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposition

Life sciences: Unit 09

• Principles and methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical and quantitative methods of taxonomy of plants, animals and microorganisms
• Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of organization of tissues, organs and systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive modifications
• Outline classification of plants, animals, and microorganisms: Important criteria used for classification in each taxon. Classification of plants, animals and microorganisms. Evolutionary relationships among taxa
• Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic origins and migrations of species. Common Indian mammals, birds. Seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent
• Organisms of health and agricultural importance: Common parasites and pathogens of humans, domestic animals and crops
• Organisms of conservation concern: Rare, endangered species. Conservation strategies

Life sciences: Unit 10

• The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions
• Habitat and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement
• Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (R and K selection); concept of metapopulation-demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations
• Species interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis
• Community ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones
• Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax
• Ecosystem ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling (C, N, P); primary production and decomposition
• Ecosystem ecology: Structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: Terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine)
• Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India
• Applied ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: Status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches
• Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/ management strategy (project tiger, biosphere reserves)

Life sciences: Unit 11

• Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin-concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of mutations; the evolutionary synthesis
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and Haldane; experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of eukaryotic cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and aerobic metabolism
• Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals
• Paleontology and evolutionary history: Stages in primate evolution including homo
• Molecular evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins
• Molecular evolution: Gene duplication and divergence
• Population genetics-populations, gene pool, gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation; isolating mechanisms; speciation
• The mechanisms: Allopatricity and sympatricity; convergent evolution; sexual selection; coevolution
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behavior; proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin selection, reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Biological clocks; development of behavior; social communication; social dominance; use of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental investment and reproductive success; parental care; aggressive behavior
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Habitat selection and optimality in foraging; migration, orientation and navigation; domestication and behavioral changes

Life sciences: Unit 12

• Microbial fermentation and production of small and macromolecules
• Application of immunological principles, vaccines, diagnostics
• Tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals
• Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis, and strain identification
• Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene therapy
• Bioresource and uses of biodiversity
• Breeding in plants and animals, including marker-assisted selection
• Bioremediation and phytoremediation
• Biosensors

Life sciences: Unit 13

• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA, and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal, and plant vectors
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences, generation of genomic and cDNA libraries in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Gene knockout in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. Protein sequencing methods, detection of post translational modification of proteins. DNA sequencing methods, strategies for genome sequencing
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level, large scale expression, such as microarray based techniques, isolation, separation, and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP techniques
• Histochemical and immunotechniques: Antibody generation, detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells
• Histochemical and Immunotechniques: In-situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH
• Biophysical method: Molecular analysis using UV/visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy molecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction and NMR, molecular analysis using light scattering
• Biophysical method: Different types of mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance methods
• Statistical methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, and normal); sampling distribution; difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors
• Statistical methods: Levels of significance; regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; X2 test; basic introduction to multivariate statistics, etc
• Radiolabeling techniques: Detection and measurement of different types of radioisotopes normally used in biology, incorporation of radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive material, safety guidelines
• Microscopic techniques: Visualization of cells and subcellular components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques for EM
• Microscopic techniques: Freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy
• Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG, Brain activity recording, lesion, and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT
• Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behaviour
• Methods in field biology: Habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods

Mathematical sciences: Unit 01

• Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, real number system as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property, supremum, infimum
• Sequences and series, convergence, limsup, liminf
• Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem
• Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem
• Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence
• Riemann sums and riemann integral, improper integrals
• Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral
• Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation, inverse and implicit function theorems
• Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness
• Normed linear spaces
• Spaces of continuous functions as examples

Mathematical sciences: Unit 02

• Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations
• Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Matrix representation of linear transformations
• Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, jordan forms
• Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis
• Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms

Mathematical sciences: Unit 03

• Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
• Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations
• Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, open mapping theorem
• Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues
• Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 04

• Permutations, combinations, pigeonhole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, derangements
• Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese remainder theorem, Euler’s ø- function, primitive roots
• Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, cayley’s theorem, class equations, sylow theorems
• Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain
• Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria
• Fields, finite fields, field extensions, galois theory

Mathematical sciences: Unit 05

• Basis, dense sets, subspace, and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and compactness

Mathematical sciences: Unit 06

• Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs
• General theory of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, green’s function

Mathematical sciences: Unit 07

• Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs
• Classification of second order PDEs, general solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients, method of separation of variables for Laplace, heat, and wave equations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 08

• Numerical solutions solutions of algebraic equations, method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence, solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, finite differences
• Lagrange, Hermite and Spline interpolation, numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Euler, and Runge-Kutta methods

Mathematical sciences: Unit 09

• Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, necessary and sufficient conditions for extrema
• Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 10

• Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and volterra type, solutions with separable kernels
• Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel

Mathematical sciences: Unit 11

• Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis
• Theory of small oscillations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 12

• Sample space, discrete probability, independent events, Bayes's theorem
• Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments
• Independent random variables, marginal and conditional distributions
• Characteristic functions
• Probability inequalities (Chebyshev's Markov, Jensen)
• Modes of convergence, weak and strong laws of large numbers, Central Limit theorems (i.i.d. case)
• Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson and birth-and-death processes
• Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions
• Sampling distributions, standard errors, and asymptotic distributions, distribution of order statistics and range
• Methods of estimation, properties of estimators, confidence intervals
• Tests of hypotheses: most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests
• Analysis of discrete data and chi-square test of goodness of fit
• Large sample tests
• Simple nonparametric tests for one and two sample problems, rank correlation and test for independence
• Elementary bayesian inference
• Gauss-Markov models, estimability of parameters, best linear unbiased estimators, confidence intervals, tests for linear hypotheses
• Analysis of variance and covariance
• Fixed, random, and mixed effects models
• Simple and multiple linear regression
• Elementary regression diagnostics
• Logistic regression
• Multivariate normal distribution, wishart distribution, and their properties
• Distribution of quadratic forms
• Inference for parameters, partial and multiple correlation coefficients and related tests
• Data reduction techniques: Principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, canonical correlation
• Simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling
• Probability proportional to size sampling
• Ratio and regression methods
• Completely randomized designs, randomized block designs, and Latin-square designs
• Connectedness and orthogonality of block designs, bibd
• 2k factorial experiments: confounding and construction
• Hazard function and failure rates, censoring and life testing, series, and parallel systems
• Linear programming problem, simplex methods, duality
• Elementary queuing and inventory models
• Steady-state solutions of Markovian queuing models: M/ M/ 1, M/ M/ 1 with limited waiting space, M/ M/ C, M/ M/ C with limited waiting space, M/ G/ 1

Music: Unit 01

• Nada, Shruti, Swara, Grama-Moorchana, Jati, Raga, Tala, Tan, Gamak, Gandharva-Gaan, Marga-Desi, Giti, Gaan, Varna, Alankar, melody, harmony, musical scales, musical intervals, consonance-dissonance, harmonics
• Western and south Indian terminology and their explanation, drone, Alpatva-Bahutva, Abirbhav-Tirobhav, Uthan, Peshkar, Kayda, Rela, Rang, Laggi, Ladi, Farshbandi, Tala, Laya, Matra, Avartan, Vibhag, Sashabda Kriya, Nishabda Kriya, Theka, Saral Gat
• Adi Gat, Chakradhar Gat, Farmaishi Gat and other variety of Gats and Kayadas, Upanga, Bhashanga, Gita, Kriti, Kirtana, Jatiswara, Pada, Swarajathi, Ragamalika, Tillana, Nyasa, Amsa, Prasa, Yati, Anuprasa, Alapana, Neraval, Sangati and other terms
• Gitinatya, Nritya-natya, Baitalik, Varsha Mangal, Basantotsav, Gita-Bitana, Swara-Bitana, Akarmatrik notation, Masitkhani and Rajakhani Gat

Music: Unit 02

• Detailed and critical study of Ragas, classification of Ragas, that is, Grama Raga vargikaran, Mela Raga Vargikaran, Raga-Ragini Vargikaran, Thata Raga Vargikaran, and Raganga Vargikaran, time-theory of Ragas
• Application of melody and harmony in Indian music, placement of Shuddha and Vikrit Swaras on Shruties in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Detailed knowledge of prevalent talas of Hindustani music, knowledge of tala Dasa Pranas and Marga and Desi talas of ancient period, the original principles of making Tihai, Chakradhar Gat, Chakradhar Paran
• Comparative study of Hindustani and Carnatic tala system with special reference to ten pranas of tala, detailed study of different layakaris viz, Dugun, Tiguan, Chaugun, Ada, Kuada Viyada and method to apply them in compositions
• Tagore’s treatment of Hindustani ragas and raginis, elements of Hindustani classical music, Karnatak music, Western music, music from other provinces, folk music and Kirtan of Bengal and their influence on Tagore’s treatment of ragas

Music: Unit 03

• Prabandha, Dhrupada, Khyal, Dhamar, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, Chaturang, Trivat
• Vrindagana, Vrinda Vadan, Javeli, Kriti, Tillana, Alap, Varnam (Pad Varnam and Tana Varnam), Padam, Ragam, Tanam, Pallavi, Gita, Varna, Swarajit, Kalpita, Sangita, Ragamalika, Narvallu, Swara Kalpana (Manodharma Sangeet), Tevaram, Divyaprabandham
• Thiruppugazh
• Main forms of rabindra sangeet
• Akarmatrik notation system
• Knowledge of devanagari script
• History of music of bengal

Music: Unit 04

• Origin and development of gharanas in hindustani music and their contribution in preserving and promoting traditional hindustani classical music
• Merits and demerits of gharana system
• Origin and development of Gharana in instrumental music and percussion and their contribution in promoting traditional Indian classical music merits and demerits of Gharana system
• Study of the traditions and specialities of different Gharanas in vocal, instrument and percussion group
• Desirability and possibility of gharanas in contemporary music
• Guru shishya parampara and different styles of singing and playing in Carnatic music
• An overall survey of Rabindra Nath Tagore’s musical creativity, tonal and rhythmic varieties of Tagore’s musical compositions including his own experimental variations
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical (chronological order may be maintained)
• The cultural atmosphere of Tagore’s family (Pathuriaghata and Jorasanko, Calcutta) thematic variations of Tagore’s Music: (Puja, Swadesh, Prem, Prakriti, Vichitra, Anusthanik)

Music: Unit 05

• Narad, Bharat, Dattil, Matanga, Sharangadeve, Nanyadeve, and others
• Lochan, Ramamatya, Pundarik Vitthal, Somnath, Damodar Mishra, Ahobal, Hridaya Narain Deva, Vynkatmakhi, Sriniwas, Pt. Bhatkhande, Pt, V. D. Paluskar, Pt. Omkarnath Thakur, K. C. D. Brahaspati, Dr. Premlata Sharma, and others
• Study of ancient, medieval, and modern treatises in percussion instruments like Bharat Natyashastra, Sangeet Samaysar, Radha Govind Sangit Sar, Madrul Mosiqui, Bhartiya Vadyoon Ka Itihas, sangeet Shastra, Bhartiya Sangeet Mei Taal aur Roop
• Study of ancient, medieval, and modern treatises in percussion instruments like Abhinav Tala Manjari, Bhartiya Sangeet Vadya, and other treatises
• Contribution of various scholars to percussion instruments like Kudau Singh, Bhagwan Das, Raja Chatrapati Singh, Anokhe Lal, medieval, and modern period
• Tagore’s musical dramas (Gitinatyas) and dance-dramas (Nrityanatyas); example, Valmiki Pratibha, Kalmrigaya, Mayar Khela, Chitrangada, Chandalika, Shyama and other dramas full of various songs, i.e. dramas like Prayaschita, Visarjan, Saradotsava
• Other dramas full of various songs, i.e. dramas like Raja, Phalguni, Tasher Desh, Vasanta, etc
• Tagore’s musical creativity in Gitabitan, part I, II, III, Swarabitan (notation books) Part I-63, Sangee-Chinta (Vishva-Bharti)
• Contribution of prominent Karnataka scholars, composers and performers and their medieval and modern period like, work such as Ramayana, Venkatamakhi, Tyagaraja, Muttu-Swami Dikshitara, Shyama Sastri, Gopal Krishna Bharati, Prof. Sambamoorthy
• Contribution of prominent Karnataka scholars, composers and performers and their medieval and modern period like, work such as Papanasam Sivan, Vasantha Kumari, Subbulakshmi, Ramari, T. N. Krishnan, and others

Music: Unit 06

• A study of the historical development of Hindustani music (vocal, instrumental, percussion), Carnatic music and Rabindra Sangeet in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Contribution of western scholars to indian music

Music: Unit 07

• Its origin, expression and appreciation: Principle of aesthetics and its relation to Indian music
• Rasa theory and its application to Indian music, relationship of musical aesthetics and Rasa to Hindustani music (vocal, instrumental, and percussion), Carnatic music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Interrelationship of fine arts with special reference to Rag-Ragini Paintings, Dhyan of Ragas and others
• Bibliography of Rabindranath Tagore

Music: Unit 08

• Origin, evolution, structure of various instruments and their well-known exponents of Hindustani (Vocal, instruments, and percussion), Karnatac music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Importance of tanpura and its harmonics
• Classification of instruments of Hindustani, Karnatac music in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Popular instruments used in rabindra sangeet
• Elementary knowledge of Indian dances like Kathak, Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali etc

Music: Unit 09

• Influence of folk music on Indian classical music, stylisation of folk melodies into ragas
• Popular folk tunes and folk dances of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Rabindra Sangeet, such as Baul, Bhatiyali, Lavani, Garba, Kajri, Chaity, Maand, Bhangra, Gidda, Jhoomar, Swang, Pandwani, Amar-Praner Manush Acchhe Prane, Amar Sonar Bangla, Kirtan
• Popular folk tunes and folk dances of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Rabindra Sangeet, such as Sari, Rai Beshe, Jhumur, Karakattam, Kavadi Attam, Villupattu, Naiyandi Melam and other prominent folk forms
• Analysis of the elements of Hindustani folk music, Karnataka folk music or South Indian, folk music and Rabindra folk Sangeet or folk music of Bengal and the elements regarding their interrelationship
• General study of the folk music of various regions of India like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Bengal, and South India

Music: Unit 10

• Guru Shishya Parampara, sangita-Sampradaya Pradarshini and the institutional system of music teaching with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Utility of teaching aids like electronic equipments in music education with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• The methodologies of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection, field work, writing project reports, finding bibliography, reference material, etc with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Study of interrelation between textual and oral tradition

Music: Unit 11

Music: Unit 12

Music: Unit 13

• Such as music and philosophy, music and religion music and culture, music and social sciences, music and science

Music: Unit 14

Music: Unit 15

Music: Unit 16

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Vedic and Upanishadic world-views: Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yajna (sacrifice), the concept of rnaduty/ obligation; theories of creation
• Atman-self (and not-self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti and Turiya, Brahaman, Sreyas, and Preyas
• Karma, samsara, moksa
• Carvaka: Pratyaksa as the only Pramana, critique of Anumana and Sabda, rejection of non-material entities and of Dharma and Moksha
• Jainism: Concept of reality-Sat, Dravya, Guna, Paryaya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekantavada, Syadvada and Nayavada; theory of knowledge; bondage and liberation
• Buddhism: Four noble truths, Ashtanga Marga, Nirvana, Madhyama Pratipad, Pratityasamutpada, Ksanbhangavada, Anatmavada
• Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, and Madhyamika
• Nyaya: Prama And Aprama, Pramanya And Apramanya; Pramana: Pratyaksa, Nirvikalpaka, Savikalpaka, Laukika And Alaukika; Anumana: Anvayavyatireka, Lingaparamarsa, Vyapti; Classification: Vyaptigrahopayas, Hetvabhasa, Upamana; Sabda; Sakti, Laksana, Akanksa
• Nyaya: Classification-Yogyata, Sannidhi and Tatparya, concept of God, arguments for the existence of God, Adrsta, Nihar Yeasa
• Vaisesika: Concepts Of Padartha, Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Samavaya, Visesa, Abhava, Causation: Asatkaryavada, Samavayi, Asamavayi Nimitta Karana, Paramanuvada, Adrsta, Nihsryeas
• Samkhya: Satkaryavada, Prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakriti, nature of Purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Purusa relationship between Purusha and Prakriti, Kaivalya, atheism
• Yoga: Patanjali’s concept of citta and citta-vrtti, eight-fold path of yoga, the role of God in yoga
• Purva-Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance, atheism of Purva Mimamsa, classification of Shruti Vakyas, Vidhi, Nisha And Arthavada, Dharma, Bhavana, Sabdanityavada, Jatisaktivada, Kumarila and Prabhakara schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference
• Purva-mimamsa: Tirupati-samvit, Jnatata, Abhava and Anupalabdhi, Anvitabhidhanavada, Abihitanvayavada, Vedanta
• Advaita-rejection of difference: Adhyasa, Maya, three grades of Satta, Jiva, Jivanmukti, Vivartavada
• Visistadvaita: Saguna brahman, refutation of Maya, Amrtasiddhi, Parinamavada, Jiva, Bhakti, and Prapatti
• Dvaita-rejection of Nirguna Brahman and Maya, Bheda and Saksi, Bhakti

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Vivekananda-practical Vedanta, universal religion, Aurobindo-evolution, mind, and supermind, integral yoga, Iqbal-self, God, man, and superman, Tagore-religion of man, ideas on education, K. C. Bhattacharyya-concept of philosophy, subject as freedom
• K. C. Bhattacharyya-the doctrine of Maya
• Radhakrishnan-intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life, J. Krishnamurti-freedom from the known, analysis of self, Gandhi-non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization, Ambedkar-varna and the caste system, neo-Buddhism

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Early Greek philosophers, Plato, and Aristotle, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus, the sophists and socrates, Plato-theory of knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa), theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, soul, and God
• Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive (theoria, praxis, techne), logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentially and actually, soul and God
• Medieval philosophy, St. Augustine-problem of evil, St. Anselm-ontological argument, St. Thomas Aquinas-faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Rationalism: Descartes-conception of method and the need for method in philosophy, clarity and distinctness as the criterion of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, the cogito-intuition or inference?
• Rationalism: Descartes-innate ideas, the ‘real’ distinction between mind and matter, role of God, proofs for the existence of God, mind-body interactionism, Spinoza: Substance, attributes and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, the mind body problem
• Rationalism: Spinoza- pantheism, three orders of knowing, Leibniz: Monadology, truths of reason and truths of fact, innateness of all ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles
• Rationalism: Leibniz-the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom and philosophy
• Empiricism: Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge, theory of substances, distinction between primary and secondary qualities
• Empiricism: Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self, Hume: Impressions and ideas
• Empiricism: Hume-knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions
• Critical philosophy and after: Kant-the critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgement, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
• Critical philosophy and after: Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction off the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, freedom and immortality, rejection of speculative metaphysics
• Critical philosophy and after: Hegel-the conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non being and becoming, absolute idealism, Nietzsche: Critique of western culture, will to power, Moore: Refutation of idealism
• Critical philosophy and after: Moore-defence of common sense, philosophy and analysis, Russell: Refutation of idealism, logic as the essence of philosophy, logical atomism, Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions
• Critical philosophy and after: Wittgenstein-the picture theory, philosophy and language, meaning and use, forms of life, Husserl: The Husserlian method, intentionality, Heidegger: Being and nothingness, man as being- in-the-world
• Critical philosophy and after: Heidegger-critique of technological civilization, logical positivism: The verifiability theory of meaning, the verification principle, rejection of metaphysics, unity of science
• Critical philosophy and after: C. S. Peirce and William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, G. Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Nitya and Anitya Dravya, Karnataka, Akasa, Dik, And Kala, Samanya and Sambandha, Cit, Acit, and Atman

Philosophy: Unit 06

• Being and becoming, causality, space, and time, matter, mind, and self, substance and universals, the problem of personal identity

Philosophy: Unit 07

• Kinds of Pramanas, Khyativada, Pramanyavada, Anvitabhidhanavada, and Abhihitanvayavada, Sabdagraha

Philosophy: Unit 08

• Ways of knowing, theories of error, theories of truth, belief and scepticism, problem of induction

Philosophy: Unit 09

• Concept of pratyaksa in Buddhism, concept of Pratyaksa in Sankara Vedanta, nature and kinds of Anumana, definition and nature of Vyapti, Hetvabhasa

Philosophy: Unit 10

• Purusharthas, Svadharma, Varna Dharma and Ashrama Dharma, Nishkama Karma and Lokasamgraha, Pancasila and Triratnas, Brahmaviharas

Philosophy: Unit 11

• Duty and obligation, cardinal virtues, eudaemonism, freedom and responsibility, crime and punishment

Philosophy: Unit 12

• Ethical realism and intuitionism, Kant’s moral theory, kinds of utilitarianism, human rights and social disparities, feminism

Philosophy: Unit 13

• Nature of propositions, categorical syllogism, laws of thought, classification of propositions, square of opposition

Philosophy: Unit 14

• Quantification and rules of quantification, decision procedures, proving validity, argument and argument-form, axiomatic system, consistency, completeness

Philosophy: Unit 15

• Commonality and differences among religions, the nature of inter-religious dialogue and understanding, religious experience, modes of understanding the divine, the theory of liberation, the means for attaining liberation, the God-man relation in religions
• World-views (Weltanschauungen) in religions, immortality, the doctrine of incarnation and prophethood, religious hermeneutics, religion and moral social values, religion, and secular society

Philosophy: Unit 16

• Semantics: Frege’s distinction between sense and reference, concepts and objects, related problems and their proposed solutions: (a) identity, (b) negative existentials, (c) indirect speech, (d) propositional attitudes
• Semantics: The meaning and role of singular terms-(a) Proper names, (b) definite descriptions, (c) demonstratives and other indexicals; the relation between meaning and truth, holistic and atomistic approach to meaning, what is a theory of meaning?
• Pragmatics: Meaning and use; speech acts

Philosophy: Unit 17

• Consciousness and intentionality, phenomenology and solipsism, the life-world (Lebenswelt), interpretation, understanding and the human sciences, the idea of the text, conflict of interpretation and the possibilities of agreement, culture
• Situatedness, and interpretation

Philosophy: Unit 18

• Definition and interpretations, distinction between Saguna and Nirguna and its relevance in the formation of different schools of Vedanta, Maya: Its nature, arguments for and against Maya, Atman: Its nature, relation between Atman and Brahman; Jiva
• Interpretation of Mahavakyas, example Tat Tvam Asi, Moksa: Nature and types, Marga or Sadhana, roles played by Jnana, Karma and Bhakti, different conceptions of bhakti, theories of causation, Brahman as the cause of the world: Different interpretations
• Brahman as the cause of the world: Prama, Pramanas, special role played by Sabda Pramana and intuition (Sakshatkara/ Aparokshanubhuti), theories of Khyatis

Philosophy: Unit 19

• Truth and love and their relationship, language, understanding and culture, engagement with tradition, self, world and God, woman, sexuality and brahmacharya, moral foundations of good life: Dharma, Swaraj, Satyagraha and Ahimsa
• Moral foundations of good life: Community and fellowship; the good society: Statelessness, trusteeship, Sarvodaya, Panchayati Raj, religion, Tapasya, service, means-end relationship, Gandhi and the Gandhians: Break, continuity and innovation

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 01

• Dimensional analysis
• Vector algebra and vector calculus
• Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
• Linear ordinary differential equations of first and second order, special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre, and Legendre functions)
• Fourier series, Fourier, and Laplace transforms
• Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor and Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals
• Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Central limit theorem

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 02

• Newton’s laws
• Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
• Central force motions
• Two body collisions-scattering in laboratory and centre of mass frames
• Rigid body dynamics moment of inertia tensor
• Non-inertial frames and pseudo forces
• Variational principle
• Generalized coordinates
• Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism, and equations of motion
• Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates
• Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes
• Special theory of relativity Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 03

• Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems
• Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem
• Electromagnetic induction
• Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces
• Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance
• Electromagnetic waves in free space
• Dielectrics and conductors
• Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference, coherence, and diffraction
• Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 04

• Wave-particle duality
• Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent)
• Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc)
• Tunneling through a barrier
• Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations
• Commutators and heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Dirac notation for state vectors
• Motion in a central potential: Orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; hydrogen atom
• Stern-gerlach experiment
• Time independent perturbation theory and applications
• Variational method
• Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules
• Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 05

• Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences
• Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibrium
• Phase space, micro-, and macro-states
• Micro-canonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles, and partition functions
• Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities
• Classical and quantum statistics
• Ideal bose and fermi gases
• Principle of detailed balance
• Blackbody radiation and planck's distribution law

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 06

• Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo-and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications
• Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs)
• Operational amplifiers and their applications
• Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators, and similar circuits)
• A/D and D/A converters
• Microprocessor and microcontroller basics
• Data interpretation and analysis
• Precision and accuracy
• Error analysis, propagation of errors
• Least squares fitting

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 01

• Green’s function
• Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions)
• Elements of computational techniques: Root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method
• Finite difference methods
• Tensors
• Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3)

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 02

• Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
• Poisson brackets and canonical transformations
• Symmetry, invariance, and Noether’s theorem
• Hamilton-jacobi theory

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 03

• Dispersion relations in plasma
• Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equation
• Transmission lines and wave guides
• Radiation from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 04

• Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure
• Wkb approximation
• Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation
• Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations
• Semi-classical theory of radiation

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 05

• First-and second-order phase transitions
• Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism
• Ising model
• Bose-einstein condensation
• Diffusion equation
• Random walk and brownian motion
• Introduction to non-equilibrium processes

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 06

• Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test
• Transducers (temperature, pressure/ vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors)
• Measurement and control
• Signal conditioning and recovery
• Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding
• Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, boxcar integrator, modulation techniques
• High frequency devices (including generators and detectors)

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 07

• Quantum states of an electron in an atom
• Electron spin
• Spectrum of helium and alkali atom
• Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectral lines, LS and JJ couplings
• Zeeman, Paschen-Back, and Stark effects
• Electron spin resonance
• Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift
• Franck-Condon principle
• Born-oppenheimer approximation
• Electronic, rotational, vibrational, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules
• Lasers: Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients
• Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation
• Modes of resonators and coherence length

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 08

• Bravais lattices
• Reciprocal lattice
• Diffraction and the structure factor
• Bonding of solids
• Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat
• Free electron theory and electronic specific heat
• Response and relaxation phenomena
• Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity
• Hall effect and thermoelectric power
• Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: Metals, insulators, and semiconductors
• Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors
• Josephson junctions
• Super fluidity
• Defects and dislocations
• Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order
• Quasicrystals

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 09

• Basic nuclear properties: Size, shape, and charge distribution, spin and parity
• Binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model
• Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces
• Deuteron problem
• Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity, and limitations
• Rotational spectra
• Elementary ideas of alpha, beta, and gamma decays, and their selection rules
• Fission and fusion
• Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions
• Classification of fundamental forces
• Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc)
• Gell-mann-Nishijima formula
• Quark model, baryons, and mesons
• C, p, and t invariance
• Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions
• Parity non-conservation in weak interaction
• Relativistic kinematics

Political science: Unit 01

• Ancient Indian political thought: Kautilya and Shanti Parva
• Greek political thought: Plato and Aristotle
• European thought-I: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
• European thought-II: Bentham, J. S. Mill, Hegel, Marx, and Green
• Contemporary political thought-I: Lenin, Mao, Gramsci
• Contemporary political thought-II : Rawls, Nozic, and Communications
• Modern Indian thought: Gandhi, M. N. Roy, Aurobindo Ghosh, Joy Prakash Ambedkar, Savarkar
• Concepts and issue-I: Medieval political thought-church state relationship and theory of two swords
• Concepts and issue-II: Behaviouralism and post-behaviouralism, decline, and resurgence of political theory
• Democracy, liberty, and equality

Political science: Unit 02

• Evolution of comparative politics as a discipline; nature and scope
• Approaches to the study of comparative politics: Traditional, structural-functional, systems, and Marxist
• Constitutionalism: Concepts, problems, and limitations
• Forms of government: Unitary-federal, parliamentary-presidential
• Organs of government: Executive, legislature, judiciary their interrelationship in comparative perspective
• Party systems and pressure groups; electoral systems
• Bureaucracy-types and roles
• Political development and political modernization
• Political culture, political socialization, and political communication
• Political elite; elitist theory of democracy
• Power, authority and legitimacy
• Revolution: Theories and types
• Dependency: Development and under development
• Approaches to the study of comparative politics, constitutionalism in theory and practice, executive, legislature, and judiciary with special reference to India, USA, UK, and Switzerland, party system and role of opposition
• Electoral process, separation of powers, rule of law and judicial review

Political science: Unit 03

• National movement, constitutional developments and the making of Indian constitution
• Ideological bases of the Indian constitution, preamble, fundamental rights and duties, and directive principles
• Constitution as instrument of socioeconomic change, constitutional amendments and review
• Structure and process-I: President, prime minister, council of ministers, working of the parliamentary system
• Structure and process-II: Governor, chief minister, council of ministers, state legislature
• Panchayati Raj institutions: Rural and urban, their working
• Federalism: Theory and practice in India; demands of autonomy and separatist movements, emerging trends in centre-state relations
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, judicial review, judicial activism including public interest litigation cases, judicial reforms
• Political parties, pressure groups, public opinion, media; subaltern and peasant movements
• Elections, electoral behaviour, election commission, and electoral reforms

Political science: Unit 04

• Development of public administration as a discipline; approaches to the study of public administration: Decision-making, ecological and systems; development administration
• Theories of organization
• Principles of organization: Line and staff, unity of command, hierarchy, span of control, centralization and decentralization, types of organization-formal and informal; forms of organization; department, public corporation and board
• Chief executive: Types, functions, and roles
• Personnel administration: Recruitment, training, promotion, discipline, morale; employee-employer relations
• Bureaucracy: Theories, types, and roles; Max Weber and his critics
• Civil servant-minister relationships
• Leadership, its role in decision-making; communication
• Financial administration; budget, audit, control over finance with special reference to India and UK
• Good governance; problems of administrative corruption; transparency and accountability; right to information
• Grievance redressal institutions: Ombudsman, Lokpal, and Lokayukta

Political science: Unit 05

• Contending theories and approaches to the study of international relations; idealist, realist, systems, game, communication and decision-making
• Power, interest, and ideology in international relations; elements of power: Acquisition, use and limitations of power, perception, formulation and promotion of national interest, meaning, role and relevance of ideology in international relations
• Arms and wars : Nature, causes and types of wars/ conflicts including ethnic disputes; conventional, nuclear/ biochemical wars; deterrence, arms race, arms control and disarmament
• Peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict resolution, diplomacy, world-order and peace studies
• Cold war, alliances, non-alignment, end of cold war, globalisation
• Rights and duties of states in international law, intervention, treaty law, prevention, and abolition of war
• Political economy of international relations; New International Economic Order, north-south dialogue, south-south cooperation, WTO, neo-colonialism and dependency
• Regional and sub-regional organizations especially SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, OAS
• United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of UN; peace and development perspectives; charter revision; power-struggle and diplomacy with UN, financing and peace-keeping operations
• India’s role in international affairs: India’s relations with its neighbours, wars, security concerns and pacts, mediatory role, distinguishing features of Indian foreign policy and diplomacy

Political science: Unit 06

• Nature of political theory, its main concerns, decline and resurgence since 1970s, liberalism and Marxism, individual and social justice, role of ideology, theories of change: Lenin, Mao, Gandhi

Political science: Unit 07

• Plato and Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and J. S. Mill, Karl Marx, Gandhi, M. N. Roy, Aurobindo Ghosh

Political science: Unit 08

• Political modernization, political socialisation and political culture, power and authority, political elite

Political science: Unit 09

• Fundamental rights and duties, and directive principles, union executive, parliament, supreme court, judicial activism, Indian federalism: Theory, practice, and problems

Political science: Unit 10

• Local governments: Rural and urban, political parties, pressure groups, and public opinion, elections, electoral reforms, class, caste, gender, dalit and regional issues, problems of nation-building and integration

Political science: Unit 11

• Theories of organisation (classical, scientific, human relations); principles of organisation
• Chief executive, control over administration judicial and legislative, bureaucracy

Political science: Unit 12

• Bureaucracy and challenges of development, administration culture; administrative corruption, and administrative reforms
• Panchayati Raj, impact if liberalization on public administration

Political science: Unit 13

• Ideology, power, and interest, conflicts and conflict-resolution, changing concept of national security and challenges to the nation-state system, arms and arms-control

Political science: Unit 14

• Globalisation and political economy of international relations in the contemporary world
• Determinants and compulsions of India’s foreign policy; India’s nuclear policy
• India’s relations with neighbours and usa
• India’s role in the un
• India and regional organizations (SAARC, ASEAN), Indian ocean

Sociology: Unit 01

• Basic concepts: Community, institution, association, culture, norms, and values
• Social structures: Status and role, their inter relationship, multiple roles, role set, status set, status sequence, role conflict
• Social group: Meaning, types-primary-secondary, formal-informal, ingroup-outgroup, reference group
• Social institutions: Marriage, family, education, economy, polity, religion
• Socialization: Socialization, resocialization, anticipatory socialization, adult socialization, agencies of socialization, theories of socialization
• Social stratification: Social differentiation, hierarchy and inequality, forms of stratification: Caste, class, gender, ethnic theories of social stratification, social mobility
• Social change: Concepts and types-evolution, diffusion, progress, revolution, transformation, change in structure, and change of structure, theories: Dialectical and cyclical

Sociology: Unit 02

• Structural: Nadel, Radcliffe Brown, Levi-Strauss
• Functional: Malinowski, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton
• Interactionist: Social action-Max Weber, Pareto, symbolic interactionism: G. H. Mead, Blumer
• Conflict: Karl Marx, Dahrendorf, Coser, Collins

Sociology: Unit 03

• Meaning and nature of social research: Nature of social phenomena, the scientific method, the problems in the study of social phenomena: Objectivity and subjectivity, fact and value
• Quantitative methods: Survey, research design and its types, hypothesis, sampling, techniques of data collection: Observation, questionnaire, schedule, interview
• Qualitative methods: Participant observation, case study, content analysis, oral history, life history
• Statistics in social research: Measures of central tendency-mean, median, mode, measures of dispersion, correlational and analysis, test of significance, reliability and validity

Sociology: Unit 04

• Alfred Schutz, Peter Berger, and Luckmann, Garfinkel and Goffman

Sociology: Unit 05

• J. Alexander, Habermas, Althusser

Sociology: Unit 06

• Giddens, Derrida, Foucault

Sociology: Unit 07

• Peoples of India: Groups and communities, unity in diversity, cultural diversity: Regional, linguistic, religious, and tribal

Sociology: Unit 08

• Indological/ textual perspective: G. S. Ghurye, Louis Dumont, structural-functional perspective: M. N. Srinivas, S. C. Dube, Marxian perspective: D. P. Mukherjee, A. R. Desai, civilisational perspective: N. K. Bose, Surajit Sinha
• Subaltern perspective: B. R. Ambedkar, David Hardiman

Sociology: Unit 09

• Poverty, inequality of caste and gender, regional, ethnic, and religious disharmonics, family disharmony: (a) Domestic violence, (b) dowry, (c) divorce, (d) intergenerational conflict

Sociology: Unit 10

• Population, regional disparity, slums, displacement, ecological degradation and environmental pollution, health problems

Sociology: Unit 11

• Deviance and its forms, crime and delinquency, white collar crime and corruption, changing profile of crime and criminals, drug addiction, suicide

Sociology: Unit 12

• Tradition and modernity in India, problems of nation building: Secularism, pluralism, and nation building

Sociology: Unit 13

• Indianisation of sociology, privatisation of education, science and technology policy of India

Sociology: Unit 14

• Approaches to the study of rural society: Rural-urban differences, rurbanism, peasant studies
• Agrarian institutions: Land ownerships and its types, agrarian relations and mode of production debate, Jajmani system and jajmani relations, agrarian class structure
• Panchayati Raj system: Panchayat before and after 73rd amendment, rural leadership and factionalism, empowerment of people
• Social issues and strategies for rural development: Bonded and migrant labourers, pauperization and depeasantization, agrarian unrest and peasant movements
• Rural development and change: Trends of changes in rural society, processes of change: Migration-rural to urban and rural to rural, mobility: Social/ economic factors of change

Sociology: Unit 15

• Industrial society in the classical sociological tradition: Division of labour, bureaucracy, rationality, production relations, surplus value, alienation
• Industry and society: Factory as a social system, formal and informal organization, impact of social structure on industry, impact of industry on society
• Industrial relations: Changing profile of labour, changing labour-management relations, conciliation, adjudication, arbitration, collective bargaining, trade unions, workers participation in management (Joint Management Councils), quality circles
• Industrialisation and social change in India: Impact of industrialization on family, education, and stratification, class and class conflict in industrial society, obstacles to and limitations of industrialization
• Industrial planning: Industrial policy, labour legislation, human relations in industry

Sociology: Unit 16

• Conceptual perspective on development: Economic growth, human development, social development, sustainable development: Ecological and social
• Theories of underdevelopment: Liberal-Max Weber, Gunnar Myrdal, dependency: Centre-periphery (Frank), uneven development (Samir Amin), world-system (Wallerstein)
• Paths of development: Modernisation, globalisation, socialist, mixed, Gandhian
• Social structure and development: Social structure as a facilitator/ inhibitor, development and socio-economic disparities, gender and development
• Culture and development: Culture as an aid/ impediment, development and displacement of tradition, development and upsurge of ethnic movements

Sociology: Unit 17

• Theories of population growth: Malthusian, demographic transition
• Population growth and distribution in India: Growth of Indian population since 1901, determinants of population
• Concepts of fertility, mortality, morbidity, and migration: Age and sex composition and its consequences, determinants of fertility, determinants of mortality, infant, child, and maternal mortality, morbidity rates
• Concepts of fertility, mortality, morbidity, and migration: Determinants and consequences of migration
• Population and development: Population as a constraint on and a resource for development, socio-cultural factors affecting population growth
• Population control: Population policy-problems and perspectives, population education, measures taken for population control

Sociology: Unit 18

• Gender as a social construct: Models of gendered socialization, cultural symbolism and general roles
• Social structure and gender inequality: Patriarchy and matriarchy, division of labour-production and reproduction
• Theories of gender relations: Liberalist, radical, socialist, post-modernist
• Gender and development: Effect of development policies on gender relations, perspectives on gender and development-welfarist, developmentalist, empowerment
• Women and development in India: Indicators of women’s status-demographic, social, economic, and cultural, special schemes and strategies for women’s development, voluntary sector and women’s development, globalisation and women’s development, eco-feminism