Correct Answer: 16% loss

Solution : Given: 50 × selling price = 42 × cost price
Selling price = $\frac{42}{50}$ × cost price
Loss percentage = $\frac{\text{cost price – selling price}}{\text{cost price}}$  × 100
= $\frac{\text{cost price} – \frac{42}{50} × \text{cost price}}{\text{cost price}}$  × 100
= $\frac{50-42}{50}$  × 100
= 16%
Hence, the correct answer is a 16% loss.

Correct Answer: ×, +, ×, –

Solution : Given:
12 * 3 * 4 = 6 * 8 * 8

Replace * with the mathematical signs and solve the equations using the BODMAS rule.
Let's check the given options –
First option: +, ×, –, ×
Solving the L.H.S. and R.H.S. of the equation –
L.H.S. = 12 + 3 × 4 = 24
R.H.S. = 6 – 8 × 8 = – 58
L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.
Second option: ×, +, –, ×
Solving the L.H.S. and R.H.S. of the equation –
L.H.S. = 12 × 3 + 4 = 40
R.H.S. = 6 – 8 × 8 = – 58
L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.
Third option: ×, +, ×, –
Solving the L.H.S. and R.H.S. of the equation –
L.H.S. = 12 × 3 + 4 = 40
R.H.S. = 6 × 8 – 8 = 40 
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Fourth option: ×, –, ×, +
Solving the L.H.S. and R.H.S. of the equation –
L.H.S. = 12 × 3 – 4 = 32
R.H.S. = 6 × 8 + 8 = 56
L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.

So only the third option satisfies the equation. Hence, the third option is correct.

Correct Answer: Guava

Solution : Here, as per the given instructions –
apple represents pear; pear represents orange; orange represents guava; guava represents melon

Since, in the real world, the citrus fruit is orange, therefore, according to the fruit code, the orange will be guava.

Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Correct Answer: a quiet

Solution : The fourth option is the correct answer.

Explanation: The word "quite" is a misspelling, and the correct word in this context is "quiet", which means free from disturbance or loud noise.

Therefore, the correct sentence should be: It was a quiet afternoon, so Dan decided to take a nap.

Correct Answer: encourage export 

Solution : The correct answer is encourage export.

Devaluation is mostly done to encourage exports by making a country's goods more competitively priced in the global market. When a currency is devalued, its exchange rate decreases, making exports cheaper for foreign buyers.

Correct Answer: Raja Man Singh

Solution : The correct option is Raja Man Singh.

The Maharaja of Amber, Raja Man Singh, started construction of the Amer fort, and Sawai Jai Singh completed it in the 18th century. It is an ancient building dedicated to its formidable Rajput rulers from the Rajasthani town of Amer. It is a part of the Rajasthan Hill Forts category of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is renowned for having high walls, numerous gates and paved roads.

Correct Answer: National Securities Depository Limited

Solution : The correct answer is National Securities Depository Limited.

National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) is an Indian central securities depository (CSD) that permits electronic securities transfers. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates NSDL, founded in 1996. Madhabi Puri Buch is the chairperson of the securities regulatory body Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). She is the first woman chairperson to lead SEBI and the first non-IAS chairperson.

Correct Answer: Sister

Solution : As per the given information, the family tree will be as follows –

Here, the quadrilateral represents the male, and the circular figure represents the female in the figure.

So, from the above family tree, the girl in the photograph is the sister of Vikas. Hence, the third option is correct.

Correct Answer: 52143

Solution : Given:
1. Nested 2. Nation 3. Nippon 4. Niger 5. Nappy

Step 1: Compare the first letter of each word. Since all the words start with the same letter N, then move to the next letter.
Step 2: The second letter of each word is – e, a, i, i, a. Based on the alphabetical order of these letters, we can arrange them – Nation, Nappy, Nested, Nippon, Niger.
Step 3: Compare the third letter of (Nation, Nappy) and (Nippon, Niger). Nappy will come before Nation in the sequence as p comes before t in the alphabetical system. Similarly, Niger will come before Nippon in the sequence as g comes before p in the alphabetical system.

The sequence will be Nappy, Nation, Nested, Niger, Nippon, or 52143. Hence, the first option is correct.

Correct Answer: Chemistry

Solution : As per the given graph,
The difference between the number of male and female students in:
Physics = 62 – 26 = 36
Chemistry = 61 – 24 = 37
Mathematics = 30 – 20 = 10
Statistics = 16 – 15 = 1
Economics = 34 – 32 = 2
Therefore, the maximum difference between the number of male and female students in the Chemistry subject.
Hence, the correct answer is Chemistry.