Staff Selection Commission Stenographer Grade C & D Exam
Question : Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given that follow.
An excavation of ancient Babylon revealed evidence that Babylonians were making soap around 2800 B.C. This is the first concrete evidence we have of a soap-like substance. The early soap makers were Babylonians, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians, as well as the ancient Greeks and Romans. All of them made soap by mixing fat, oils, and salts. Soap wasn't made and used for bathing and personal hygiene but was rather produced for cleaning cooking utensils or goods or was used for medicine purposes. The early references to soap making were for the use of soap in cleaning wool and cotton used in textile manufacture, which was used medicinally for at least 5000 years. Soap is a product for cleaning made from natural ingredients that may include both plant and animal products, including items such as animal fat, such as tallow, or vegetable oil, such as castor, olive, or coconut oil. Soap supposedly got its name from Mount Sapo in Rome. The word 'sapo', Latin for soap, first appeared in Pliny the Elder's Historia Naturalis. The first soap was made by the Babylonians around 2800 B.C. Soap-making history goes back many thousands of years. In the early beginnings of soap making, it was an exclusive technique used by small groups of soap makers. The demand for soap was high, but it was very expensive, and there was a monopoly on soap production in many areas. Back then, plant byproducts and animal and vegetable oils were the main ingredients in soap. The price of soap was significantly reduced in 1791 when a Frenchman by the name of LeBlanc discovered a chemical process that allowed soap to be made cheaply and sold for significantly less money. More than 20 years later, another Frenchman identified relationships between glycerin, fats, and acid—what marked the beginning of modern soap-making. With the discovery of another method of making soap, soap became even less expensive. Since that time, there have been no major discoveries, and the same processes are used for the soap making we use and enjoy today. Advances came as the science of chemistry developed because more was understood about the ingredients. In the mid-nineteenth century, soap for bathing became a separate commodity from laundry soap, with milder soaps being packaged, sold, and made available for personal use. Liquid hand soaps were invented in the 1970s, and this invention keeps soaps in the public eye. Today, there are many different kinds of soaps made for a vast array of purposes. Soap is available for personal, commercial, and industrial use. There is handmade, homemade, and commercially produced soap; there is soap used to wash clothes, dishes, and cars; there is soap used for your pet; there is soap for your carpet; and there is also soap for your child.
Question:-
After reading the passage, it can be inferred that soap was first made by:
Option 1: Mesopotamians
Option 2: Babylonians
Option 3: Egyptians
Option 4: Romans
Correct Answer: Babylonians
Solution : The second option is the correct answer.
Explanation: The passage mentions, an excavation of ancient Babylon revealed evidence that Babylonians were making soap around 2800 B.C. The answer is directly mentioned in the passage, stating that evidence from an excavation of ancient Babylon revealed
Question : What does the acronym TULIP, which is an internship programme for fresh graduates and engineers of the country under the "Smart City" projects, stand for?
Option 1: Thematic Urban Landscape Internship Programme
Option 2: The Urban Learning Internship Programme
Option 3: Thematic Urban Learning Internship Programme
Option 4: Town and Urban Landscape Internship Programme
Correct Answer: The Urban Learning Internship Programme
Solution : The correct answer is The Urban Learning Internship Programme.
The Urban Learning Internship Programme (TULIP) is a programme designed to give recent graduates opportunities for experiential learning in the city. The programme aims to achieve the dual objectives of giving
Question : Which of the following festivals is celebrated on the fifth and last day of Diwali?
Option 1: Bhai Dooj
Option 2: Govardhan Puja
Option 3: Dhanteras
Option 4: Narak Chaturdashi
Correct Answer: Bhai Dooj
Solution : The correct answer is Bhai Dooj.
The festival of lights, known as Diwali, lasts for five days. Bhaiya Dooj, sometimes called Bhai Dooj, is the fifth or last day of Diwali. The second day following the new moon is Bhai Dooj.
Question : A kilowatt-hour is a unit of
Option 1: energy
Option 2: power
Option 3: electric charge
Option 4: electric current
Correct Answer: energy
Solution : The correct option is energy.
A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of energy equivalent to one kilowatt (1 kW) of power used for one hour. It is commonly used to measure electrical energy consumption. For example, if a device consumes 1 kilowatt of power for
Question : Directions: Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are sitting anticlockwise in the same sequence around a circular table at equal distances facing the center. Then, C and H interchange their places. If B is sitting in the south direction, in which direction is H facing now?
Option 1: North-east
Option 2: South-east
Option 3: North-west
Option 4: South-west
Correct Answer: North-west
Solution : Given: Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are sitting anticlockwise in the same sequence around a circular table at equal distances facing the center. B is sitting in the south direction.
After interchanging the position of C and H, the
Question : Directions: Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: I. All trojans are fairies. II. No fairy is a flower. III. All viruses are trojans. Conclusions: I. No flower is a trojan. II. Some viruses are trojans. III. No trojan is a virus.
Option 1: Only conclusion I follows
Option 2: Only conclusions I and III follow
Option 3: Only conclusion I and II follow
Option 4: Only conclusion II follows
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I and II follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions – Conclusion (I): No flower is a trojan – According to the Venn diagram, all viruses are trojans, and all trojans are fairies
Question : Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select “No substitution”. For now on, all the salesmen will be paid a commission and not a salary.
Option 1: As of now on
Option 2: No substitution
Option 3: Since now on
Option 4: From now on
Correct Answer: From now on
Solution : The correct choice is the fourth option.
Explanation The option, from now on, is the appropriate expression to indicate a starting point in time. It is a commonly used phrase to specify that a new practice or condition will begin at the
Question : Which one of the following is an unpredictable natural disaster?
Option 1: Earthquake
Option 2: Cyclone
Option 3: Tornado
Option 4: Hurricane
Correct Answer: Earthquake
Solution : The correct answer is an Earthquake.
An earthquake is an unpredictable natural disaster which is caused by the shaking of tectonic plates. The hypocenter is the point beneath the Earth's surface where the earthquake begins, while the epicentre is the location directly above it
Question : Which of the following relieves pain?
Option 1: Antibiotics
Option 2: Analgesic
Option 3: Antipyretic
Option 4: Disinfectant
Correct Answer: Analgesic
Solution : The correct answer is Analgesics.
Analgesics are medications designed to alleviate pain by interfering with the transmission of pain signals within the nervous system. These drugs encompass well-known options like acetaminophen, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, and opioids. While they offer relief from various forms
Question : Directions: Select the correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN as shown below.
Option 1:
Option 2:
Option 3:
Option 4:
Correct Answer:
Solution : As per the mirror image properties, closer things appear close to the mirror in the reflection. Here, according to the information provided, the mirror is placed on the right side of the figure (on Line MN). So, the left side of the reflected image will appear
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