Deductive Reasoning

Deductions (Syllogism) - Syllogism is the most logical chapter if we talk about logical reasoning. This chapter is also known as logical deduction & inductive reasoning. If we look closely, it's like a judicial judge who gives result or conclusion on the basis of proofs and evidence. The statements of the questions act like evidence, on the basis of this evidence you present conclusions. There are multiple approaches to solve the syllogisms questions but the Venn diagram is the most preferred method used to solve the questions of syllogism. Syllogism questions can be classified into three parts that are as follows -

1. Questions related to positive conclusions

2. Questions related to possibility conclusions

3. Questions related to negative conclusions

Let’s learn to draw a Venn diagram for the different statements of syllogism.

How to prepare syllogism?

• Understand the statement and draw the minimum overlap venn diagram.

• Check the positive conclusions directly.

• Try to eliminate the negative conclusions.

• In possibility conclusions, try to negate them and answer accordingly.

• Practice as many questions as you can to be comfortable with every type.

• Be comfortable with the trending phrases used to create confusion.

All questions of Deductions (Syllogisms, deductions)

Q 1.

Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All hunters are punters II. Some punters are tigers

Conclusions:

I. Some hunters are tigers II Some punters are hunters

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 2. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All boxes are pens II. All pens are dogs

Conclusions:

I. All boxes are dogs II. Some dogs are pens

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 3. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some boys are girls II. All girls are cute

Conclusions:

I. Some boys are cute II. All boys are cute

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 4. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All books are pens II. All pens are pencils

Conclusions:

I. All books are pencils II. Some pens are pencils

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 5. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some singers are rockers II. All rockers are dancers

Conclusions:

I. Some rockers are dancers II. No singer are dancers

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 6.

Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. No bars are coins II. All coins are books

Conclusions:

I. All coins are books II. Some books are not bars

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5)

If both conclusions follow

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Q 7.

Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some copies are desks II. No desks are pen

Conclusions:

I. Some copies are pen II. Some copies are not pen

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 8. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All boxes are pens II. No dogs are pens

Conclusions:

I. No boxes are dogs II. Some pen are boxes

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 9. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some cars are trucks II. Some trucks are buses

Conclusions:

I Some cars are trucks II. Some cars are not trucks

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5) If both conclusions follow

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Q 10. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All locks are keys II. No key is a spoon

Conclusions:

I. No lock is spoon. II. No spoon is a lock

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 11.

Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All prisoners are men II. No men is educated

Conclusions:

I. All prisoners are uneducated II. Some men are prisoners

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 12. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All flowers are candles II. All lanterns are candles

Conclusions:

I. Some flowers are lanterns II. Some lanterns are not flowers

1. repeat 11192

2. repeat 11192

3. repeat 11192

4. repeat 11192

5. repeat 11192

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Q 13. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All flowers are candles II. All lanterns are candles

Conclusions:

I. Some flowers are lanterns II. Some lanterns are not flowers

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 14. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All planets are moons II. All moons are stars

Conclusions:

I. All moons are planets II. All planets are stars

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 15.

Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below,

Statements:

I. All coins are crows II. Some crows are pens

Conclusions:

I. No pen is coin II. Some coins are pens

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow.

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Q 16. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All apples are oranges II. Some oranges are papayas

Conclusions:

I, Some apples are papayas II. Some papayas are apples

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 17. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some dogs are bulls II. No tigers are dogs

Conclusions:

I. No dogs are tiger II. Some bulls are tiger

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 18. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some bottles are pencils II. Some pencils are glasses

Conclusions:

I. No glass is bottle II. Some bottles are glasses

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 19. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All fans are chairs II. No tables are fans

Conclusions:

I. No tables are chairs II. Some tables are chairs

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 20. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All grasses are trees II. No tree is a shrub

Conclusions:

I. No grasses are shrubs II. Some shrubs are glasses

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 21. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. Some boys are thieves II. All thieves are dacoits

Conclusions:

I. Some boys are dacoits II. All dacoits are thieves

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 22. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All women are mothers II. All mothers are sisters

Conclusions:

I. All womens are sisters II. Some women are not sisters

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 23. Directions : Given two statements, verify the conclusions and mark the answer as given below.

Statements:

I. All plays are stories II. Some poems are plays

Conclusions:

I. Some poems are stories II. All stories are poems

1. if only conclusion I follow.

2. If only conclusion II follows.

3. If either conclusion I or II follows.

4. If neither of the two conclusions follows.

5. If both conclusions follow

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Q 24.

Statements:

I. Some boxes are pens II. All dogs are pens

Conclusions:

I. Some boxes are pens II. Some pens are boxes

III. Some pens are dogs IV. All pens are dogs

1. 1,2 & 3 follow

2. 2,3 & 4 follows

3. None of These

4. 1,2 & 4 follows

5. 1,3 & 4 follows

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Q 25. Statements:

I. All classes are books II. All pens are books

Conclusions:

I Some classes are pens II. Some pens are books

III. Some pens are classes IV. Some classes are books

1. None of These

2. Only 2 follow

3. 1 & 2 follow

4. 2 & 4 follow

5. Only 1 follow

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