WBSET 2023 Exam - Dates, Application form (Released), Eligibility, Syllabus, Admit Card, Preparation Tips

Santali: Unit 01

Santali: Unit 02

Santali: Unit 03

Santali: Unit 04

Santali: Unit 05

Santali: Unit 06

Santali: Unit 07

Santali: Unit 08

Santali: Unit 09

Santali: Unit 10

English: Unit 01

• Comprehension passages

English: Unit 02

• Comprehension passages

English: Unit 03

• Comprehension passages

English: Unit 04

• Comprehension passages

English: Unit 05

• Basic concepts, theories, and pedagogy
• English in use

English: Unit 06

• History, evolution, and futures

English: Unit 07

English: Unit 08

English: Unit 09

English: Unit 10

Sanskrit: Unit 01

• General introduction of Vedic literature: Main theories regarding the Vedas-Max Muller; A. Weber; Jacobi; Bal Gangadhar Tilak; M. Winternitz; Indian traditional views. Samhita literature, dialogue hymns: Pururava-Urvasi; Yama-Yami; Sarama-Pani
• General introduction of Vedic literature: Viśvāmitra-Nadī, Brāhamaṇa-literature, Araṇyaka literature, Vedāṅgas: Sikșā; Kalpa; Vyākaraṇa; Nirukta; Chandas; Jyotișa

Sanskrit: Unit 02

• Study of the following hymns: Rigveda-Agni (1.1); Varuna (1.25); Surya (1.125); Indra (2.12); Usas (3.61); Parjanya (5.83); Kitava (10.34); Jnana (10.71); Purusa (10.90); Hiranyagarbha (10.121); Vak (10.125); Nasadiya (10.129)
• Study of the following hymns: Shukla Yajurveda-Shiva Sankalpa, chapter-34 (1-6), Prajapati-chapter-23 (1-5), Atharvaveda: Rastrabhi Vardhanam (1.29); Kala (10.53); Prithvi (12.1)
• Brahmana literature: Subject-matter; Vidhi and its types; Agnihotra; Agnistoma; Darsapurnamasa; Yajna; Pancha Maha Yagna; Akhyana (Sunahsepa, Vanmanas)
• Upanishad literature: Subject-matter and main concepts with special reference to the following Upanishads; Isa; Katha; Kena; Brihadaranyaka; Taittiriya; Svetasvatara
• Vedic grammar; Nirukta and Vedic interpretation
• Rik Pratisakhya: Definitions of Samanaksara; Sandhyaksara; Aghosa; Sosman; Svarabhakti; Yama; Rakta; Samyoga; Pragya; Riphita
• Nirukta (chapters-I and 2)
• Four-fold division of padas-concept of Nāma; concept of Akhyāta; meaning of Upasargas; categories of Nipātas
• Purposes of the study of Nirukta
• Principles of etymology
• Etymology of the following words: Acharya; Vira; Hrada; Go; Samudra; Vrtra; Aditya; Usas; Megha; Vak; Udak; Nadi; Asva; Agni; Jatavedase; Vaisvanara; Nighantu, Nirukta; Daivatakanda), Vedic accent-Udatta, Anudatta, and Svarita

Sanskrit: Unit 03

• General introduction of major schools of Darsana with special reference to the following: Pramana Mimamsa; Tattva Mimamsa; Acara Mimansa (Carvaka, Jaina, Bauddha) Nyaya, Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Mimansa

Sanskrit: Unit 04

• Īśvarakṛṣna: Sāṁkhyakārikā-Satkāryavāda, Puruṣasvarūpa, Prakṛtisvarūpa, Sṛștikrama, Pratyaysarga, Kaivalya
• Sadānanda: Vedāntasāra-Anubandha-Catuṣṭaya, Ajñāna, Adhyāropa-Apavāda, Lingaśarīrotpatti, Pañcīkaraṇa, Vivarta, Jīvanmukti, Annambhaṭṭa, Tarkasaṁgraha/ Keśavamiśra; Tarkabhāṣā: Padārtha; Kāraṇa; Pramāṇa; (Pratyakṣa; Anumāna; Upamāna; Sabda)
• Sadānanda: Prāmāṇyavāda, Prameya
• Laugaksi Bhaskara; Arthasamgraha
• Patañjali; Yogasūtra-(Vyāsabhāṣya): Cittabhūmi, Cittavṛttis; concept of Iśvara; Yogāṅgas; Samādhi; Kaivalya, Bādarāyaṇa; Brahmasūtra 1.1 (Sānkarabhāṣya), Viśvanāthapañcānana; Nyāyasidhāntamuktāvalī (Anumāna Khaṇḍa), Sarvadarśana-Saṁgraha; Jainism
• Buddhism

Sanskrit: Unit 05

• General introduction of the following grammarians: Pāṇini, Kātyāyana, Patañjali, Bhartṛhari, Vāmanajayāditya, Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita, Nageśabhaṭṭa, Kaiyyaṭa, Jainendra, Sākaṭāyana, Hemacandrasūri, Sārasvatavyākaraṇakāra, Pāṇinīya Sikṣā
• General introduction of the following grammarians: Linguistics-definition of language, genealogical and morphological classification of languages, speech mechanism and classification of sounds: Stops, fricatives
• General introduction of the following grammarians: Semi-vowels and vowels (with special reference to Sanskrit sounds). Phonetic laws (Grimm, Grassman, Verner). Directions of semantic change and reasons of change. Definition of Vākya and its types
• General introduction of the following grammarians: General introduction of indo-european family of languages, difference between Vedic Sanskrit and classical Sanskrit, difference between Bhasha and Vak, difference between language and dialect

Sanskrit: Unit 06

• Definition: Saṁhitā, Saṁyoga Guṇa, Vṛddhi, Prātipadika, Nadī, Ghi, Upadhā, Apṛkta, Gati, Pada, Vibhāṣā, Savarṇa, Ti, Pragṛhya, Sarvanāmasthāna, Bha, Sarvanāma, Niṣthā
• Sandhi: AC Sandhi, Hal Sandhi, Visarga Sandh (according to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī), Subanta-Ajanta-Rāma, Sarva (in all genders), Viśvapā, Hari, Tri (in all genders), Sakhi, Sudhī, Guru, Pitṛ, Gau, Ramā, Mati, Nadī, Dhenu, Mātṛ, Jñāna, Vāri, Madhu
• Halanta: Lih, Visvavah, Catur (in all genders), Idam, Kim, Tad (in all genders), Rajan, Maghavan, Pathin, Vidvas, Asmad, Yushmad
• Samāsa: Avyayībhāva, Tatpuruṣa, Bahuvrīhi, Dvandva (according to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī), Taddhita-Apatyārthaka and Matvarthīya (according to Siddāntakaumudī ), Tiṅanta-Bhū, Edh, Ad, Us, Hu, Div, Suñ, Tud, Tan, Kṛ, Rudh, Krīñ, Cur
• Prayayanta: Nijant, Sannanta, Yananta, Yanluganta, Nam Dhatu
• Krdanta: Tavya/ Tavyat , Aniyar, Yat, Nyat, Lyap, Satr, Sanac, Ktva, Kta, Kravatu, Tumun, Namul
• Stri Pratyaya: According to Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi
• Karaka Prakarana: According to Siddhanta Kaumudi
• Parasmaipada and Atmanepada Vidhana: According to Siddhanta Kaumudi
• Mahābhāșya (Paspaśāhnika): Definition of Sabda, relation between Sabda and Artha, purposes of the study of grammar, definition of Vyākaraṇa, result of the proper use of word, method of grammar
• Vakyapadiyam (Brahmananda): Nature of Sphota, nature of Sabda-Brahma, powers of Sabda-Brahma, relation between Sphota and Dhvani, relation between Sabda and Artha, types of Dhvani, levels of language

Sanskrit: Unit 07

• General introduction of following: Bhasa, Asvaghosa, Kalidasa, Sudraka, Visakhadatta, Bharavi, Magha, Harsa, Banabhatta, Dandin, Bhavabhuti, Bhattanarayana, Bhilhana, Shriharsa, Ambikadatta Vyasa, Pandita Ksamarao, V. Raghavan, Shri Dhar Bhaskar Varnekar
• General introduction of following: Schools of sanskrit poetics-Rasa, Alaṅkāra, Rīti, Dhwani, Vakrokti, Aucitya, western poetics-Aristotle, Longinus, Croche

Sanskrit: Unit 08

• Poetry: Buddhacarita (first Canto), Raghuvamsam (first Canto), Kiratarjuniyam (first Canto), sisupalavadham (first Canto), Naisadhiyacaritam (first Canto)
• Drama: Svapnavāsavadattām, Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Mṛcchakaṭikam, Uttararāmacaritam, Mudrārākṣasam, Uttararāmacaritam, Ratnāvalī
• Prose: Daśakumāracaritam (viii Ucchvāsa), Harṣacaritam (V Ucchvāsa), Kādambarī (Sukanāsopadeśa)
• Champu Kavya-Nala Champu (I Ucchvasa)
• Sahityadarpanah: Definition of Kavya, refutation of other definitions of Kavya, Sabda Sakti-Sankata Graha; Abhidha; Laksana; Vyanjana, Kavya Bheda (chapter fourth), Shravya Kavya (prose poetry and mix
• Kāvyaprakaśa-Kāvyalakṣhṇa, Kāvyaprayojana, Kāvyahetu, Kāvyabheda, Sabdaśakti, Abhihitānvayavāda, Anvitābhidhānvayavāda, concept of Rasa, discussion of Rasasūtra, Rasadoṣa, Kāvyaguṇa, Vyanjanāvriti (fifth chapter)
• Alaṁkāras-Vakrokti; Anuprāsa, Yamaka, Sleṣa, Upamā, Rūpaka, Utprekṣā, Samāsokti, Apahnuti, Nidarśanā, Arthāntaranyāsa, Dṛṣṭānta, Vibhāvanā, Viśeṣokti, Svabhāvokti, Virodhābhāsa, Saṅkara, Sansṛṣṭi
• Dhvanyaloka (I Udyota), Vakrokti Jivita (I Unmesa), Bharata-natya shastra (first and sixth chapter), Dasarupakam (first and third Prakasa)
• Chanda-Arya, Anustup, Indravajra, Upendravajra, Vasantatilaka, Upajati, Vamsastha, Drutavilambita, Salini, Malini, Sikharni, Mandakranta, Harini, Sardulavikridita, Sragdhara
• Kauṭilīya Arthaśātra (first-Vinayadikarika), Manusmṛti (I, II and VII Adhyāyas), Yājñavalkyasmṛti (Vyavahārādhyaya only)
• Paleography and inscriptions-Brahmi script of Mauryan and Gupta periods, inscription of Ashoka-major rock edicts, major pillar edicts, post-Mauryan inscriptions-Sarnath Buddhist image inscription of Kanishka regal-year, 3
• Paleography and inscriptions-Girnar rock inscription of Rudradaman, Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela, Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions-Allahabad pillar inscriptions of Samudragupta, Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yasodharman
• Banskhera copper plate inscription of Harsha, paleography and inscriptions-Aihole stone inscription of Pulakesin II

Sanskrit: Unit 09

• General introduction of the followings: Rāmāyaṇa-subject matter, age, society in the Rāmāyaṇa, Rāmāyaṇa as a source of later sanskrit works and literal value of the Rāmāyaṇa, legends in the Rāmāyaṇa
• General introduction of the followings: Mahābhārata-subject matter, age, society in the Mahābhārata, Mahābhārata as a source of later sanskrit works and literal value of the Mahābhārata, legends in the Mahābhārata
• General introduction of the followings: Purāṇa-definition of Purāṇa, Maha Purāṇa and Upa Purāṇas, Purāṇic Cosmology and Purāṇic legends, general introduction of main Smṛitis
• General introduction of the followings: General introduction Kautilya Arthasastra, paleography-history of the decipherment of Brahmi script, theories of the origin of Brahmi script, inscriptions-general introduction

Hindi: Unit 01

Hindi: Unit 02

Hindi: Unit 03

Hindi: Unit 04

Hindi: Unit 05

Hindi: Unit 06

Hindi: Unit 07

Hindi: Unit 08

Hindi: Unit 09

Hindi: Unit 10

Hindi: Unit 11

Anthropology: Unit 01

• Relationship with other sciences, different branches of anthropology (including linguistic anthropology) and their interrelationship
• Research methodology and methods: Concepts of epistemology, ontology, and theoretical perspectives. Types of research (qualitative and quantitative), research design, hypothesis. Fieldwork and fieldwork tradition; ethnography, observation, interview
• Research methodology and methods: Case study, life history, focus group, PRA, RRA, genealogical method, schedules and questionnaires, grounded theory, exploration and excavation, GIS
• Statistics: concept of variables, sampling, measures of central tendency and dispersion, parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate (linear regression and logistic regression) statistical tests
• Techniques of analysis: Content analysis, discourse analysis, and narratives

Anthropology: Unit 02

• Concept of cladogenesis and anagenesis, punctuated equilibrium, selection
• Trends in primate radiation; primate classification and distribution of extinct and extant species
• Characteristics of primates: Morphological (hair), skeletal (cranial, postcranial, dental, brain), physical (opposability of thumb), locomotion (quadrupedalism, brachiation, and bipedalism) and posture, primate social behaviour
• Extant primates: Distribution, characteristics, and classification. Prosimii (Tarsioidea, Lorisoidea, Lemuroidea), anthropoidea (ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea). Morphological and anatomical characteristics of human, chimpanzee, gorilla
• Extant primates: Morphological and anatomical characteristics of orangutan, and gibbon
• Fossils of extinct primates: Oligocene-miocene fossils-parapithecus; Gigantopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, and Sivapithecus
• Pre-hominid groups: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (toumai), orrorin tugenensis, ardipithecus ramidus
• Early hominids: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus ramidus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus (paranthropus) boisei, Australopithecus (paranthropus) robustus, Australopithecus bahrelghazali
• Early transitional human: Homo habilis
• Hominid evolution: Characteristics and distribution of Homo erectus in general, special reference to the fossil evidences discovered from Africa (Turkana boy), Asia (Java man and Peking man), Europe (Dmanisi), Homo floresiensis (dwarf variety)
• Hominid evolution: Characteristics of Archaic sapiens with special reference to Europe (homo heidelbergensis), Africa (Rhodesian man), Asia (China, Jinniushan; India, Narmada Man). Neanderthal man-distribution, salient features, and phylogenetic position
• Hominid evolution: Characteristics of anatomically modern homo sapiens with special reference to Africa (Omo), Europe (Cro Magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi), Asia (Jinniushan) and Australia (Lake Mungo)
• Hominid evolution: Dispersal of modern humans-out of Africa hypothesis, multiregional hypothesis, partial replacement hypothesis

Anthropology: Unit 03

• Typological model, populational model, and clinal model; overview of classification proposed by Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn, and Birdsell
• Ethnic classification and distribution of Indian populations: H.H. Risley; B.S. Guha; S.S. Sarkar. Linguistic distribution of ethnic groups
• Methods of studying human genetics: cytogenetics, Mendelian genetics, twin genetics, sib-pair methods, population genetics, molecular genetics
• Cytogenetics: Cell cycle, standard karyotyping and banding techniques (G, C, and Q), chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescent in-situ hybridization, Lyon's hypothesis, importance of telomere and centromere. Linkage and chromosome mapping, genomic imprinting
• Modes of inheritance: Autosomal (dominant, recessive, codominance), sex linked, sex influenced, sex limited, modifying genes, suppressor genes, selfish gene, multiple allelic inheritance, multifactorial inheritance (stature and skin colour)
• Modes of inheritance: Polygenic (dermatoglyphics-finger-ball pattern types, Dankmeijer index, Furuhata index and pattern intensity index, total finger ridge count, absolute finger ridge count, palmar formula and mainline index, transversality
• Modes of inheritance: Angle and flexion creases
• Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, definition, and application; mating patterns (random, assortative, and consanguineous), inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolate, genetic drift, genetic distance)
• Population genetics: Genetic polymorphism (balanced and transient)
• Molecular genetics: DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein structure and synthesis, concepts of RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, and SNPs, mitochondrial DNA, genic and genomic mutations

Anthropology: Unit 04

• Definition, concepts
• Basic principles of growth; phases of growth: Prenatal and postnatal (growth and development of different body parts, subcutaneous tissues, and physiological variables)
• Growth curves: Velocity, distance, acceleration, and Scammon's growth curve. Catch up and catch down growth
• Aging and senescence with special reference to somatic, skeletal, and dental maturation
• Factors affecting growth: Genetic and environmental. Secular trends in growth
• Methods of studying human growth: longitudinal, cross-sectional, mixed longitudinal, linked longitudinal
• Body composition: bone mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, segmental fat, body age
• Human adaptation: Allen's and Bergmann's rule; human adaptability programme; human adaptation to heat, cold, high altitude
• Somatotyping: Concept, development (Kretschmer, Sheldon, Parnell, health-carter) and its application
• Demography: Multidisciplinary nature of demography and its relation with other disciplines. Relationship between demography and anthropological demography. Fertility (concept and determinants), morbidity, and mortality (concept and determinants)
• Demography: Migration (concept and determinants), selection intensity

Anthropology: Unit 05

• Ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology, environmental archaeology, settlement archaeology, cognitive archaeology, geoarchaeology, action archaeology
• Theoretical paradigms-descriptive to scientific period to interpretative period
• Dating: Typology, seriation, geoarchaeological, obsidian, hydration, chemical dating of bones, oxygen isotope, fluorine estimation, dendrochronology, radiocarbon, fission track, thermo luminescence, potassium-argon, varve clay, cross dating
• Dating: Amino acid racemization, paleomagnetic
• Paleoenvironment: Major geological stages (tertiary, quaternary, pleistocene, holocene). Major climatic changes during pleistocene and post pleistocene periods, glacial and interglacial periods, ice age, pluvial and interpluvial climatic phases
• Paleoenvironment: Evidences of quaternary climatic changes (moraines, varve, river terraces, loess, sea level changes, beach sequences, sea core, fluviatile deposits, palynology, palaeontology). Site formation
• Lithic tool typology and technology: Lower palaeolithic (pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, bifaces, handaxes, and cleavers)
• Lithic tool typology and technology: Middle palaeolithic (Clactonian, Levalloisian and Mousterian flakes, discoid cores, tortoise core, fluted core, scrapers, point); upper Paleolithic (blade, knife, blunted back, borer, burin, points)
• Lithic tool typology and technology: Mesolithic (microliths); Neolithic (ring stone, grindstone, Celt, adze)
• Overview of lithic cultures of Europe: Lower palaeolithic-acheulian culture. Middle Paleolithic: Mousterian culture. Upper Paleolithic: Perigordian, chatelperronian, Gravettian, aurignacian, solutrian, magdalenian
• Overview of lithic cultures of Europe: Mesolithic-azilian, Tardenoisian, maglemosian, kitchen midden, natufian
• Early farming cultures and neolithic of the near east: Sites like Jericho, Jarmo, Çatal Huyuk, Shanidar

Anthropology: Unit 06

• Pebble tool culture: Soan, Acheulian culture: Madrasian (Kortalayar valley), Attirampakkam, Didwana, Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, Krishna valley. Importance of Hathnora, Narmada valley
• Middle paleolithic period in India: Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Narmada valley
• Upper paleolithic period in India: Renigunta, Billasurgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Belan valleys, Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan valley
• Mesolithic period in India: Mesolithic economy and society. Post pleistocene environmental changes. Development in microlithic technology, composite tools and bows and arrows. Sites include Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Bagor, Chopani Mando
• Mesolithic period in India: Bhimbetka, Sarai Nahar Rai, Birbhanpur
• Neolithic period in India: Economic and social consequences of food production. Settlements, population growth, craft specializations, class formation and political institutions. Sites like Burzahom, Gufkral, Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli
• Neolithic period in India: Eran, Nevasa, Chandoli, Daimabad, Inamgaon, Prakash, Maski, Brahmagiri, Sanganakallu, Tekkalakota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Daojali Hading, Kuchai, Sarutandu
• Prehistoric cave art from India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh
• Indus civilization: Expansion of village sites. Development of metal technology, art, and writing. Architecture and city planning. Stages and theories of decline. Sites like Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi
• Pottery and traditions: Ochre coloured pottery (OCP), black and red ware, painted grey ware (PGW), northern black polished ware (NBP). Distribution of the pottery types and period
• Bronze/ copper age: General characteristics, distribution, people
• Iron age and urban revolution: General characteristics, distribution, people
• Megaliths: Concept and types (menhir, dolmen, topical, cist, cairn circle, sarcophagi)

Anthropology: Unit 07

• Culture: Attributes, holism, universals, acculturation, enculturation, transculturation, culture change, culture shock, cultural relativism, civilization, folk-urban continuum, great and little tradition, cultural pluralism and world-view
• Society: Groups, institutions, associations, community, status and role. incest. endogamy and exogamy. Rites of passage
• Social institutions: (a) Family-definitions, universality of the family. Typological and processual methods of studying the family. Types of family-conjugal-natal, consanguineal, nuclear, joint, extended. Rules of residence-patrilocal, matrilocal
• Social institutions: (a) Family-ambilocal, bilocal, neolocal, avunculocal, virilocal, amitalocal, uxorilocal. Functions of family, trends of change-urbanization, globalization, industrialization, feminist movements
• Social institutions: (b) Marriage-definition, universality, types and functions (monogamy, polygamy-polyandry, polygyny, hypogamy, hypergamy, levirate, sororate). Preferential and prescriptive types
• Social institutions: (b) Marriage-types and forms of marital transactions-bride price and dowry. Marriage as exchange
• Social institutions: (c) Kinship-definition, descent, kinship terminology, matrilineal puzzle. Joking and avoidance. Moiety, phratry, clan and lineage. Types of kinship systems
• Social institutions: (d) Economic anthropology-definition and relationship with anthropology and economy. Theories (Malinowski, formal, substantivist, Marxist). Livelihoods, subsistence, principles of production, distribution, consumption
• Social institutions: (d) Economic anthropology-division of labour in hunting-gathering, pastoral, swidden and agricultural communities. Exchange, reciprocity, gifts and barter systems. Kula, potlatch and jajmani-anthropological explanations
• Social institutions: (e) Legal anthropology-anthropology of law, social sanctions
• Social institutions: (f) Political organization-definitions, political processes in band, tribe, chiefdom and state systems. Conflicts and social control. Nations and nation-state, democracy
• Social institutions: (g) Religion and belief systems-definitions, animism, animatism, manaism, bongaism, totemism, taboo. Religious specialists-witch, shaman, priest, medicine-man, sorcerer. Magic-definitions, types, approaches. Rituals
• Social institutions: (h) Social change-basic ideas and concepts (assimilation, integration, syncretism, dominance, and subjugation), approaches

Anthropology: Unit 08

• Evolutionism-Tylor, Morgan, Frazer, Maine, McLellan
• Diffusionism-three schools (Austro-German, British, American)
• Historical particularism-Boas
• Functionalism-Malinowski
• Structural-functionalism-Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan, Parsons
• Structuralism-Levi-Strauss
• Culture and personality/ psychological anthropology-Mead, Benedict, Du Bois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting, and child
• Cultural ecology, environmental anthropology, neo-evolutionism (Leslie White, Julian Steward, Marshall Sahlins)
• Cultural materialism-Marvin Harris
• Symbolic anthropology-Victor Turner, Raymond Firth, Mary Douglas
• Cognitive anthropology-Roy D’Andrade, Steven Tyler, Ward Good enough
• Deep ethnography, interpretive anthropology-Clifford Geertz
• Anthropology and gender-Leela Dube, Renato Rosaldo, Marilyn Strathern, Zora Neale Hurston
• Postmodernism, poststructuralism, postcolonialism-Foucault, Derrida, Bourdieu
• Ethnicity-Barth, Jeffery, Weber

Anthropology: Unit 09

• Concepts: Social stratification (example caste), scheduled caste (SC), dalit, OBC, nomadic groups. Revivalist/ nativist movements, peasant movements (Malabar and Telangana movements). Tribe, scheduled tribe (ST), particularly vulnerable groups (PVTGs)
• Concepts: Tribal movements (birsa and naga movements), tribal development, distribution. Indian Village and village studies in India (S.C. Dube, McKim Marriott, Weiser, Scarlett Epstein, M.N. Srinivas, F.G. Bailey)
• Concepts: Constitutional safeguards for SC and ST, inclusion and exclusion. Panchayati raj institutions and other traditional community political organizations, self-help groups (SHGs)
• Theoretical ideas: Sanskritization, westernization, modernization, globalization, sacred complex, nature-man-spirit complex
• Early Indian anthropologists and their contributions: G.S. Ghurye, B.S. Guha, S.C. Roy, Iravati Karve, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, M.N. Srinivas, N.K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, D.N. Majumdar, S.R.K. Chopra, Verrier Elwin, S.S. Sarkar, Dharani Sen
• Early Indian anthropologists and their contributions: T.C. Das, P.C. Biswas

Anthropology: Unit 10

• Applied anthropology, action anthropology, engaged anthropology, experimental anthropology, urban anthropology, public anthropology, public archaeology, anthropology of development, medical anthropology, visual anthropology, genomic studies
• Genetic screening and counseling, forensic anthropology, food and nutritional anthropology, ergonomics, kinanthropometry, business anthropology
• Community development projects (rural, urban, and tribal); revisits, re-studies, reinterpretations, intervention, research process and social impact assessment (SIA)
• Anthropological approaches in community studies: Public health, education, nutrition, land alienation, bonded labour, housing, alternative economy, livelihood, gender issues, relief, rehabilitation and relocation, identity crisis, communication
• Anthropological approaches in community studies: Training and management, aging and the aged
• Development strategies (plan/ sub plan)
• Role of NGOs in development
• Anthropology and NGOs
• Empowerment of women, LGBT groups

Chemical sciences: Unit 01

• Atomic orbitals, electronic configuration of atoms (L-S coupling) and the periodic properties of elements, ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, concept of hybridization
• Molecular orbitals and electronic configuration of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules
• Shapes of polyatomic molecules; VSEPR theory, symmetry elements and point groups for simple molecules
• Bond lengths, bond angles, bond order, and bond energies
• Types of chemical bond (weak and strong) intermolecular forces, structure of simple ionic and covalent solids, lattice energy

Chemical sciences: Unit 02

• Brønsted and Lewis acids, and bases, pH and pKa, acid-base concept in nonaqueous media, HSAB concept
• Buffer solutions

Chemical sciences: Unit 03

• Oxidation numbers
• Redox potentials
• Electrochemical series
• Redox indicators

Chemical sciences: Unit 04

• Law of conservation of energy
• Energy and enthalpy of reactions
• Entropy, free energy, relationship between free energy change and equilibrium
• Rates of chemical reactions (first-and second-order reactions)
• Arrhenius equation and concept of transition state
• Mechanisms, including SN1 and SN2 reactions, electron transfer reactions, catalysis
• Colligative properties of solutions

Chemical sciences: Unit 05

• General characteristics of each block
• Chemical principles involved in extraction and purification of Iron, copper, lead, zinc, and aluminium
• Coordination chemistry: Structural aspects, isomerism, octahedral, and tetrahedral crystal-field splitting of d-orbitals
• CFSE, magnetism and colour of transition metal ions
• Sandwich compounds metal carbonyls and metal clusters
• Rare gas compounds, non-stoichiometric oxides
• Radioactivity and transmutation of elements
• Isotopes and their applications

Chemical sciences: Unit 06

Chemical sciences: Unit 07

• Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral structures; R-S nomenclature, diastereo isomerism in acyclic, and cyclic systems; E-Z isomerism
• Conformational analysis of simple cyclic (chair and boat cyclohexanes) and acyclic systems
• Interconversion of Fischer, Newman, and Sawhorse projections

Chemical sciences: Unit 08

• Reactive intermediates
• Formation and stability of carbonium ions, carbenes, nitrenes, radicals, and arynes
• Nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical substitution, addition, and elimination reactions
• Familiar name reactions: Aldol, Perkin, Stobbe, Dieckmann consideration; Hofmann, Schmidt, Lossen, Curtius, Beckmann and Fries rearrangements, Reimer-Tiemann, Reformatsky and Grignard reactions, Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement
• Familiar name reactions: Friedel-Crafts reaction, Wittig reaction; and Robinson annulation
• Routine functional group transformations and interconversions of simple functionalities
• Hydroboration, Oppenauer oxidation, Clemmensen, Wolf-Kishner, Meerwein-Ponndorf Verley, and Birch reductions

Chemical sciences: Unit 09

Chemical sciences: Unit 10

• Types of errors, propagation of errors, accuracy, and precision, least-square analysis, average standard deviation

Chemical sciences: Unit 11

• Planck's quantum theory, wave-particle duality
• Uncertainty principle, operators and commutation relations: Postulates of quantum mechanics and Schrödinger equation, free particle, particle in a box, degeneracy, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator, and the hydrogen atom
• Angular momentum including spin coupling of angular momenta including spin-orbit coupling

Chemical sciences: Unit 12

• Application to the helium, atom, antisymmetry and exclusion principle, slater determinantal wave functions
• Term symbols and spectroscopic states

Chemical sciences: Unit 13

• Hydrogen molecule ion
• LCAO-MO and AB treatments of the hydrogen molecule; electron density, forces and their role in chemical binding
• Hybridization and valence Mos, of H₂O, Ng₃, and CH₄ Huckel pi-electron theory and its applications to ethylene, butadiene, and benzene, idea of self-consistent fields

Chemical sciences: Unit 14

• Vanishing of integrals, spectroscopic selection rules for vibrational, electronic, vibronic, and Raman spectroscopy
• Mo treatment of large molecules with symmetry

Chemical sciences: Unit 15

• Theoretical treatment of rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopy
• Principles of magnetic resonance, Mossbauer, and photoelectron spectroscopy
• Applications of mass, UV-VIS, IR, and NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation of compound

Chemical sciences: Unit 16

• First law of thermodynamics, relation between Cp and Cv; enthalpies of physical and chemical changes, temperature dependence of enthalpies
• Second law of thermodynamics, entropy
• Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
• Third law of thermodynamics and calculation of entropy

Chemical sciences: Unit 17

• Free energy and entropy of mixing, partial molar quantities, Gibbs Duhem equation
• Equilibrium constant, temperature dependence of equilibrium constant, phase diagram of one and two-component systems, phase rule

Chemical sciences: Unit 18

• Excess functions, activities, concept of hydration number: Activities in electrolytic solutions; mean ionic activity coefficient
• Debye-huckel treatment of dilute electrolyte solutions

Chemical sciences: Unit 19

• Electrochemical cells reactions, Nernst equation, electrode kinetics, electrical double layer, electrode/ electrolyte interface, batteries, primary and secondary fuel cells, corrosion and corrosion prevention

Chemical sciences: Unit 20

• Surface tension, adsorption on solids, electrical phenomena at interfaces including electrokinetic, micelles and reverse micelles: Solubilization, micro-emulsions
• Applications of photoelectron spectroscopy
• Esca and auger spectroscopy to the study of surfaces

Chemical sciences: Unit 21

• Thermodynamic probability and entropy: Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Partition function: Rotational, translational, vibrational, and electronic partition functions for diatomic molecules: Calculations of thermodynamic functions and equilibrium constants
• Theories of specific heat for solids

Chemical sciences: Unit 22

• Postulates and methodologies, linear laws, Gibbs equation, Onsager reciprocal theory

Chemical sciences: Unit 23

• Methods of determining rate laws
• Mechanisms of photochemical, chain and oscillatory reactions
• Collision theory of reaction rates; steric factor, treatment of unimolecular reactions
• Theory of absolute reaction rates, comparison of result with Eyring and Arrhenius equations, ionic reactions: Salt effect
• Homogeneous catalysis and Michaelis Menten kinetics; heterogeneous catalysis

Chemical sciences: Unit 24

• Luminescence and energy transfer processes

Chemical sciences: Unit 25

• Study of kinetics by stopped flow technique, relaxation method, flash photolysis, and magnetic resonance method

Chemical sciences: Unit 26

• Number-average and weight-average molecular weights; determination of molecular weights
• Kinetics of polymerization
• Stereochemistry and mechanism of polymerization

Chemical sciences: Unit 27

• Dislocations in solids, Schottky and Frenkel defects, electrical properties; insulators and semiconductors; band theory of solids, solid-state reactions

Chemical sciences: Unit 28

• Radioactive decay and equilibrium
• Nuclear reactions; Q value, cross-sections, types of reactions, chemical effects of nuclear transformations; fission and fusion, fission products, and fission yields
• Radioactive techniques, tracer techniques, neutron activation analysis, counting techniques such as GM, ionization, and proportional counter

Chemical sciences: Unit 29

• General discussion on the properties of the non transition elements; special features of individual elements; synthesis, properties, and structure of their halides and oxides, polymorphism of carbon, phosphorus, and sulphur
• Synthesis, properties and structure of boranes, carboranes, borazines, silicates, carbides, silicones, phosphazenes, sulphur nitrogen compounds: Peroxo compounds of boron, carbon, and sulphur; oxyacids of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and halogens
• Sulphurnitrogen compounds: Interhalogens, pseudohalides, and noble gas compounds

Chemical sciences: Unit 30

• Coordination chemistry of transition metal ions; stability constants of complexes and their determination, stabilization of unusual oxidation states
• Stereochemistry of coordination compounds, Ligand field theory, splitting of d-orbitals in low symmetry environments
• Jahn-Teller effect; interpretation of electronic spectra including charge transfer spectra; spectrochemical series, nephelauxetic series, magnetism: Dia-para-ferro and antiferromagnetism, quenching of orbital angular moments, spin-orbit coupling
• Inorganic reaction mechanisms, substitution reactions, trans effect and electron transfer reactions, photochemical reactions of chromium and ruthenium complexes
• Fluxional molecules, iso and heteropoly acids, metal clusters
• Spin crossover in coordination compounds

Chemical sciences: Unit 31

• Spectral and magnetic properties, use of lanthanide compounds as shift reagents

Chemical sciences: Unit 32

• Synthesis, structure and bonding, organometallic reagents in organic synthesis and in homogeneous catalytic reactions (hydrogenation, hydroformylation, isomerisation, and polymerization), pi-acid metal complexes
• Activation of small molecules by coordination

Chemical sciences: Unit 33

• Adsorption, partition, exclusion, electrochromatography
• Solvent extraction and ion exchange methods
• Application of atomic and molecular absorption and emission spectroscopy in quantitative analysis, light scattering techniques including nephelometry and Raman spectroscopy
• Electroanalytical techniques: Voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography, amperometry, coulometry, and conductometry, ionelective electrodes, anodic stripping voltammetry: TGA, DTA, DSC, and online analysers

Chemical sciences: Unit 34

• Metal ions in biology, molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes; ionophores
• Photosynthesis
• PSL, PSH; nitrogen fixation, oxygen uptake proteins, cytochromes, and ferrodoxions
• Elementary structure and function of biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids

Chemical sciences: Unit 35

• Hückel's rule and concept of aromaticity (n) annulenes and heteroannulenes, fullerenes (C60)

Chemical sciences: Unit 36

• Newer methods of asymmetric synthesis (including enzymatic and catalytic nexus), enantio-and diastereoselective synthesis
• Effects of conformation on reactivity in acyclic compounds and cyclohexanes

Chemical sciences: Unit 37

• Favorskii reaction, Stork enamine reaction, Michael addition, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, ene reaction, Barton reaction, Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction, Shapiro reaction, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, Chichibabin reaction

Chemical sciences: Unit 38

• Labelling and kinetic isotope effects, Hammett equation, (sigma-rho) relationship, non-classical carbonium ions, neighbouring group participation

Chemical sciences: Unit 39

• Selection rules and stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition and sigmatropic shifts, Sommelet-Hauser, Cope and Claisen rearrangements

Chemical sciences: Unit 40

• Synthesis and reactivity of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, and indole; skraup synthesis, Fischer indole synthesis

Chemical sciences: Unit 41

• Use of following reagents in organic synthesis and functional group transformations; complex metal hydride, Gilman's reagent, lithium, dimethylcuprate, lithium, diisopropylamide (LDS\ A) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1, 3-dithiane (reactivity umpolung)
• Trimethylsilyl iodide, tri-n-butyltin hydride, Woodward and prevost hydroxylation, osmium tetroxide, DDQ, selenium dioxide, phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and Merrifield resin, Peterson's synthesis, Wilkinson's catalyst, Baker's yeast

Chemical sciences: Unit 42

• Familiarity with methods of structure elucidation and biosynthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates and proteins

Chemical sciences: Unit 43

• Cis-trans isomerization, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Norrish type I and II reactions, photoreduction of ketones, di-pi-methane rearrangement, photochemistry of arenes

Commerce: Unit 01

• Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment-economic systems, economic policies (monetary and fiscal policies); political environment-role of government in business; legal environment-consumer protection act, FEMA
• Concepts and elements of business environment: Sociocultural factors and their influence on business; corporate social responsibility (CSR), scope and importance of international business; globalization and its drivers
• Modes of entry into international business, theories of international trade; government intervention in international trade; tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI); types of FDI, costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy, balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
• Regional economic integration: Levels of regional economic integration; trade creation and diversion effects; regional trade agreements: European union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA, international economic institutions: IMF, world bank, UNCTAD
• World trade organization (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; agriculture agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

Commerce: Unit 02

• Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates, partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, death, dissolution, and insolvency of partnership firms, corporate accounting: Issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares; liquidation of companies
• Corporate accounting: Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, and reconstruction of companies, holding company accounts, cost and management accounting: Marginal costing and break even analysis; standard costing; budgetary control; process costing
• Cost and management accounting: Activity based costing (ABC); costing for decision-making; life cycle costing, target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT, financial statements analysis: Ratio analysis; funds flow analysis; cash flow analysis
• Human resources accounting; inflation accounting; environmental accounting, Indian accounting standards and IFRS, auditing: Independent financial audit; vouching; verification and valuation of assets and liabilities
• Audit of financial statements and audit report; cost audit, recent trends in auditing: Management audit; energy audit; environment audit; systems audit; safety audit

Commerce: Unit 03

• Meaning and scope of business economics, objectives of business firms, demand analysis: Law of demand; elasticity of demand and its measurement; relationship between AR and MR, consumer behaviour: Utility analysis; indifference curve analysis
• Law of variable proportions: Law of returns to scale, theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves, price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; monopolistic competition; oligopoly-price leadership model; monopoly
• Price determination under different market forms: Price discrimination, pricing strategies: Price skimming; price penetration; peak load pricing

Commerce: Unit 04

• Scope and sources of finance; lease financing, cost of capital and time value of money, capital structure, capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
• Working capital management; dividend decision: Theories and policies, risk and return analysis; asset securitization, international monetary system, foreign exchange market; exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
• International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs, International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

Commerce: Unit 05

• Measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, measures of skewness, correlation and regression of two variables, probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’s theorem, probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Research: Concept and types; research designs, data: Collection and classification of data, sampling and estimation: Concepts; methods of sampling-probability and non-probability methods; sampling distribution; central limit theorem; standard error
• Sampling and estimation: Statistical estimation, hypothesis testing: Z-test; t-test; ANOVA; chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); rank correlation test, report writing

Commerce: Unit 06

• Principles and functions of management, organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; span of control, responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization, motivation and leadership: Concept and theories
• Corporate governance and business ethics, human resource management: Concept, role, and functions of HRM; human resource planning; recruitment and selection; training and development; succession planning
• Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits, Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal, Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
• Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management, Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change

Commerce: Unit 07

• Overview of Indian financial system, types of banks: Commercial banks; regional rural banks (RRBs); foreign banks; cooperative banks, reserve bank of India: Functions; role and monetary policy management, banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms
• Banking sector reforms in India: Risk management; NPA management, financial markets: Money market; capital market; government securities market, financial institutions: Development finance institutions (DFIs); non-banking financial companies (NBFCs)
• Financial institutions: Mutual funds; pension funds, financial regulators in India, financial sector reforms including financial inclusion, digitization of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; digital payments systems
• Insurance: Types of insurance-life and non-life insurance; risk classification and management; factors limiting the insurability of risk; reinsurance; regulatory framework of insurance-IRDA and its role

Commerce: Unit 08

• Marketing: Concept and approaches; marketing channels; marketing mix; strategic marketing planning; market segmentation, targeting, and positioning, product decisions: Concept; product line; product mix decisions; product life cycle
• Product decisions: New product development, pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; pricing policies and strategies, promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; promotion methods-advertising; personal selling; publicity
• Promotion decisions: Sales promotion tools and techniques; promotion mix, distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; channel management, consumer behaviour; consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions, service marketing
• Trends in marketing: Social marketing; online marketing; green marketing; direct marketing; rural marketing; CRM, logistics management

Commerce: Unit 09

• Indian contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; capacity of parties; free consent; discharge of a contract; breach of contract and remedies against breach; quasi contracts; special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee
• Special contracts: Contracts of bailment and pledge; contracts of agency, sale of goods act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; doctrine of caveat emptor; rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
• Negotiable instruments act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; negotiation and assignment; dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments, the companies act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; company formation; management
• The companies act, 2013: Meetings and winding up of a joint stock company, limited liability partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India, the competition act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
• The information technology act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; cyber crimes and penalties, the RTI act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions, intellectual property rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks, and copyrights
• Intellectual property rights (IPRs): Emerging issues in intellectual property, goods and services tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; benefits of GST; implementation mechanism; working of dual GST

Commerce: Unit 10

• Income-tax: Basic concepts; residential status and tax incidence; exempted incomes; agricultural income; computation of taxable income under various heads; deductions from gross total income; assessment of individuals; clubbing of incomes
• International taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; transfer pricing, corporate tax planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; tax avoidance versus tax evasion; techniques of corporate tax planning
• Corporate tax planning: Tax considerations in specific business situations-make or buy decisions; own or lease an asset; retain, renewal or replacement of asset; shut down or continue operations, deduction and collection of tax at source
• Advance payment of tax; e-filing of income-tax returns

Computer science and applications: Unit 01

• Mathematical logic: Propositional and predicate logic, propositional equivalences, normal forms, predicates and quantifiers, nested quantifiers, rules of inference
• Sets and relations: Set operations, representation and properties of relations, equivalence relations, partially ordering
• Counting, mathematical induction, and discrete probability: Basics of counting, pigeonhole principle, permutations and combinations, inclusion-exclusion principle, mathematical induction, probability, Bayes’ theorem
• Group theory: Groups, subgroups, semi groups, product and quotients of algebraic structures, isomorphism, homomorphism, automorphism, rings, integral domains, fields, applications of group theory
• Graph theory: Simple graph, multigraph, weighted graph, paths and circuits, shortest Paths in weighted graphs, Eulerian paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, planner graph, graph coloring, bipartite graphs, trees, and rooted trees
• Graph theory: Prefix codes, tree traversals, spanning trees, and cut-sets
• Boolean algebra: Boolean functions and its representation, simplifications of Boolean functions
• Optimization: Linear programming-mathematical model, graphical solution, simplex and dual simplex method, sensitive analysis; integer programming, transportation and assignment models. PERT-CPM: Diagram representation, critical path calculations
• Optimization: PERT-CPM-resource levelling, cost consideration in project scheduling

Computer science and applications: Unit 02

• Digital logic circuits and components: Digital computers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, map simplifications, combinational circuits, flip-flops, sequential circuits, integrated circuits, decoders, multiplexers, registers, and counters, memory unit
• Data representation: Data types, number systems and conversion, complements, fixed point representation, floating point representation, error detection codes, computer arithmetic-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division algorithms
• Register transfer and micro-operations: Register transfer language, bus and memory transfers, arithmetic, logic, and shift micro-operations
• Basic computer organization and design: Stored program organization and instruction codes, computer registers, computer instructions, timing and control, instruction cycle, memory-reference instructions, input-output, interrupt
• Programming the basic computer: Machine language, assembly language, assembler, program loops, subroutines, input-output programming
• Micro-programmed control: Control memory, address sequencing, design of control unit
• Central processing unit: General register organization, stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes, RISC computer, CISC computer
• Pipeline and vector processing: Parallel processing, pipelining, arithmetic pipeline, instruction pipeline, vector processing array processors
• Input-output organization: Peripheral devices, input-output interface, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, DMA, serial communication
• Memory hierarchy: Main memory, auxiliary memory, associative memory, cache memory, virtual memory, memory management hardware
• Multiprocessors: Characteristics of multiprocessors, interconnection structures, interprocessor arbitration, interprocessor communication and synchronization, cache coherence, multicore processors

Computer science and applications: Unit 03

• Language design and translation issues: Programming language concepts, paradigms, and models, programming environments, virtual computers and binding times, programming language syntax, stages in translation, formal transition models
• Elementary data types: Properties of types and objects; scalar and composite data types
• Programming in C: Tokens, identifiers, data types, sequence control, subprogram control, arrays, structures, union, string, pointers, functions, file handling, command line arguments, preprocessors
• Object oriented programming: Class, object, instantiation, inheritance, encapsulation, abstract class, polymorphism
• Programming in C++: Tokens, identifiers, variables, and constants; data types, operators, control statements, functions parameter passing, virtual functions, class, and objects; constructors and destructors; overloading, inheritance, templates
• Programming in C++: Exception and event handling; streams and files; multi file programs
• Web programming: HTML, DHTML, XML, scripting, java, servlets, applets
• Computer graphics: Video-display devices, raster-scan and random-scan systems; graphics monitors, input devices, points and lines; line drawing algorithms, mid-point circle and ellipse algorithms
• Computer graphics: Scan line polygon fill algorithm, boundary-fill and flood fill
• 2-D geometrical transforms and viewing: Translation, scaling, rotation, reflection and shear transformations; matrix representations and homogeneous coordinates; composite transforms, transformations between coordinate systems, viewing pipeline
• 2-D geometrical transforms and viewing: Viewing coordinate reference frame, window to viewport coordinate transformation, viewing functions, line, and polygon clipping algorithms
• 3D object representation, geometric transformations and viewing: Polygon surfaces, quadric surfaces, spline representation, Bezier and B-spline curves; Bézier and B-spline surfaces; illumination models, polygon rendering methods
• 3D object representation, geometric transformations and viewing: Viewing pipeline and coordinates; general projection transforms and chipping

Computer science and applications: Unit 04

• Database system concepts and architecture: Data models, schemas, and instances; three-schema architecture and data independence; database languages and interfaces; centralized and client/ server architectures for DBMS
• Data modeling: Entity-relationship diagram, relational model-constraints, languages, design, and programming, relational database schemas, update operations and dealing with constraint violations; relational algebra and relational calculus; Codd rules
• SQL: Data definition and data types; constraints, queries, insert, delete, and update statements; views, stored procedures and functions; database triggers, SQL injection
• Normalization for relational databases: Functional dependencies and normalization; algorithms for query processing and optimization; transaction processing, concurrency control techniques, database recovery techniques
• Normalization for relational databases: Object and object-relational databases; database security and authorization
• Enhanced data models: Temporal database concepts, multimedia databases, deductive databases, XML and internet databases; mobile databases, geographic information systems, genome data management, distributed databases, and client-server architectures
• Data warehousing and data mining: Data modeling for data warehouses, concept hierarchy, OLAP and OLTP; association rules, classification, clustering, regression, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbour, hidden Markov Model, summarization
• Data warehousing and data mining: Dependency modeling, link analysis, sequencing analysis, social network analysis
• Big data systems: Big data characteristics, types of big data, big data architecture, introduction to mapreduce and hadoop; distributed file system, HDFS
• NOSQL: NOSQL and query optimization; different NOSQL products, querying and managing NOSQL; indexing and ordering data sets; NOSQL in cloud

Computer science and applications: Unit 05

• System software: Machine, assembly, and high-level languages; compilers and interpreters; loading, linking, and relocation; macros, debuggers
• Basics of operating systems: Operating system structure, operations and services; system calls, operating-system design and implementation; system boot
• Process management: Process scheduling and operations; interprocess communication, communication in client-server systems, process synchronization, critical-section problem, Peterson's solution, semaphores, synchronization
• Threads: Multicore programming, multithreading models, thread libraries, implicit threading, threading issues
• CPU scheduling: Scheduling criteria and algorithms; thread scheduling, multiple processor scheduling, real-time CPU scheduling
• Deadlocks: Deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention, avoidance, and detection; recovery from deadlock
• Memory management: Contiguous memory allocation, swapping, paging, segmentation, demand paging, page replacement, allocation of frames, thrashing, memory-mapped files
• Storage management: Mass-storage structure, disk structure, scheduling and management, RAID structure
• File and input/ output systems: Access methods, directory and disk structure; file system mounting, file sharing, file-system structure and implementation; directory implementation, allocation methods, free-space management, efficiency and performance
• File and input/ output systems: Recovery, I/O hardware, application I/O interface, kernel I/O subsystem, transforming I/O requests to hardware operations
• Security: Protection, access matrix, access control, revocation of access rights, program threats, system and network threats; cryptography as a security tool, user authentication, implementing security defenses
• Virtual machines: Types of virtual machines and implementations; virtualization
• Linux operating systems: Design principles, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, memory management, file systems, input and output; interprocess communication, network structure
• Windows operating systems: Design principles, system components, terminal services and fast user switching; file system, networking
• Distributed systems: Types of network based operating systems, network structure, communication structure and protocols; robustness, design issues, distributed file systems

Computer science and applications: Unit 06

• Software process models: Software process, generic process model-framework activity, task set and process patterns; process life cycle, prescriptive process models, project management, component based development, aspect-oriented software development
• Software process models: Formal methods, agile process models-extreme programming (XP), adaptive software development, scrum, dynamic system development model, feature driven development, crystal, web engineering
• Software requirements: Functional and non-functional requirements; eliciting requirements, developing use cases, requirement analysis and modelling; requirements review, software requirement and specification (SRS) document
• Software design: Abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, functional independence, cohesion and coupling; object-oriented design, data design, architectural design, user interface design
• Software design: Component level design
• Software quality: McCall’s quality factors, ISO 9126 quality factors, quality control, quality assurance, risk management, risk mitigation, monitoring and management (RMMM); software reliability
• Estimation and scheduling of software projects: Software sizing, LOC and FP based estimations; estimating cost and effort; estimation models, constructive cost model (COCOMO), project scheduling and staffing; timeline charts
• Software testing: Verification and validation; error, fault, bug and failure; unit and integration testing; white-box and black-box testing; basis path testing, control structure testing, deriving test cases, alpha and beta testing; regression testing
• Software testing: Performance testing, stress testing
• Software configuration management: Change control and version control; software reuse, software re-engineering, reverse engineering

Computer science and applications: Unit 07

• Data structures: Arrays and their applications; Sparse matrix, stacks, queues, priority queues, linked lists, trees, forest, binary tree, threaded binary tree, binary search tree, AVL tree, B tree, B+ tree, B* tree
• Data structures: Data structure for sets, graphs, sorting, and searching algorithms; hashing
• Performance analysis of algorithms and recurrences: Time and space complexities; asymptotic notation, recurrence relations
• Design techniques: Divide and conquer; dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, backtracking, branch and bound
• Lower bound theory: Comparison trees, lower bounds through reductions
• Graph algorithms: Breadth-first search, depth-first search, shortest paths, maximum flow, minimum spanning trees
• Complexity theory: P and NP class problems; NP-completeness and reducibility
• Selected topics: Number theoretic algorithms, polynomial arithmetic, fast Fourier transform, string matching algorithms
• Advanced algorithms: Parallel algorithms for sorting, searching, and merging, approximation algorithms, randomized algorithms

Computer science and applications: Unit 08

• Theory of computation: Formal language, non-computational problems, diagonal argument, Russell's paradox
• Regular language models: Deterministic finite automaton (DFA), non-deterministic finite automaton (NDFA), equivalence of DFA and NDFA, regular languages, regular grammars, regular expressions, properties of regular language, pumping lemma
• Regular language models: Non regular languages, lexical analysis
• Context free language: Pushdown automaton (PDA), non-deterministic pushdown automaton (NPDA), context free grammar, Chomsky normal form, Greibach normal form, ambiguity, parse tree representation of derivation trees
• Context free language: Equivalence of PDA and context free grammars; properties of context free language
• Turing machines (TM): Standard turing machine and its variations; universal turing machines, models of computation and church-turing thesis; recursive and recursively enumerable languages; context-sensitive languages, unrestricted grammars
• Turing machines (TM): Chomsky hierarchy of languages, construction of TM for simple problems
• Unsolvable problems and computational complexity: Unsolvable problem, halting problem, post correspondence problem, unsolvable problems for context-free languages, measuring and classifying complexity, tractable and intractable problems
• Syntax analysis: Associativity, precedence, grammar transformations, top down parsing, recursive descent predictive parsing, LL (1) parsing, bottom up parsing, LR parser, LALR (1) parser
• Semantic analysis: Attribute grammar, syntax directed definitions, inherited and synthesized attributes; dependency graph, evaluation order, S-attributed and L-attributed definitions; type-checking
• Run time system: Storage organization, activation tree, activation record, stack allocation of activation records, parameter passing mechanisms, symbol table
• Intermediate code generation: Intermediate representations, translation of declarations, assignments, control flow, Boolean expressions and procedure calls
• Code generation and code optimization: Control-flow, data-flow analysis, local optimization, global optimization, loop optimization, peephole optimization, instruction scheduling

Computer science and applications: Unit 09

• Data communication: Components of a data communication system, simplex, half duplex and duplex modes of communication; analog and digital signals; noiseless and noisy channels; bandwidth, throughput and latency; digital and analog transmission
• Data communication: Data encoding and modulation techniques; broadband and baseband transmission; multiplexing, transmission media, transmission errors, error handling mechanisms
• Computer networks: Network topologies, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area network, wireless networks, internet
• Network models: Layered architecture, OSI reference model and its protocols; TCP/ Ip protocol suite, physical, logical, port and specific addresses; switching techniques
• Functions of OSI and TCP/ IP layers: Framing, error detection, and correction; flow and error control; sliding window protocol, HDLC, multiple access-CSMA/ CD, CSMA/ CA, reservation, polling, token passing, FDMA, CDMA, TDMA, network devices
• Functions of OSI and TCP/ IP layers: Backbone networks, virtual lans. IPv4 structure and address space; classful and classless addressing; datagram, fragmentation and checksum; IPv6 packet format, mapping logical to physical address (ARP)
• Functions of OSI and TCP/ IP layers: Direct and indirect network layer delivery; routing algorithms, TCP, UDP, and SCTP protocols; flow control, error control and congestion control in TCP and SCTP
• World wide web (www): Uniform resource locator (URL), domain name service (DNS), resolution-mapping names to addresses and addresses to names; electronic mail architecture, SMTP, POP, and IMAP; telnet and FTP
• Network security: Malwares, cryptography and steganography; secret-key algorithms, public-key algorithms, digital signature, virtual private networks, firewalls
• Mobile technology: GSM and CDMA; services and architecture of GSM and mobile computing; middleware and gateway for mobile computing; mobile IP and mobile communication protocol; communication satellites, wireless networks, and topologies
• Mobile technology: Cellular topology, mobile adhoc networks, wireless transmission and wireless LANs; wireless geolocation systems, GPRS, and SMS
• Cloud computing and IOT: SAAS, PAAS, IAAS, public and private cloud; virtualization, virtual server, cloud storage, database storage, resource management, service level agreement, basics of IOT

Computer science and applications: Unit 10

• Approaches to AI: Turing test and rational agent approaches; state space representation of problems, heuristic search techniques, game playing, min-max search, alpha beta cutoff procedures
• Knowledge representation: Logic, semantic networks, frames, rules, scripts, conceptual dependency and ontologies; expert systems, handling uncertainty in knowledge
• Planning: Components of a planning system, linear and non linear planning; goal stack planning, hierarchical planning, strips, partial order planning
• Natural language processing: Grammar and language; parsing techniques, semantic analysis, and pragmatics
• Multi agent systems: Agents and objects; agents and expert systems; generic structure of multiagent system, semantic web, agent communication, knowledge sharing using ontologies, agent development tools
• Fuzzy sets: Notion of fuzziness, membership functions, fuzzification and defuzzification; operations on fuzzy sets, fuzzy functions, and linguistic variables; fuzzy relations, fuzzy rules, and fuzzy inference
• Fuzzy sets: Fuzzy control system and fuzzy rule based systems
• Genetic algorithms (GA): Encoding strategies, genetic operators, fitness functions and GA cycle; problem solving using GA
• Artificial neural networks (ANN): Supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning; single perceptron, multi layer perceptron, self organizing maps, Hopfield network

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences: Unit 01

• Milky way and the solar system
• Modern theories on the origin of the earth and other planetary bodies
• Earth's orbital parameters, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, geological time scale; space and time scales of processes in the solid earth, atmosphere, and oceans
• Age of the earth
• Radioactive isotopes and their applications in earth sciences
• Basic principles of stratigraphy
• Theories about the origin of life and the nature of fossil record
• Earth's gravity and magnetic fields, and its thermal structure: Concept of geoid and, spheroid; isostasy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences: Unit 02

• Gross composition and physical properties of important minerals and rocks; properties and processes responsible for mineral concentrations; nature and distribution of rocks and minerals in different units of the earth and different parts of India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences: Unit 03

• Physiography of the earth; weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of earth's material; formation of soil, sediments and sedimentary rocks; energy balance of the earth's surface processes; physiographic features and river basins in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences: Unit 04

• Basic concepts of seismology and internal structure of the earth
• Physico-chemical and seismic properties of earth's interior
• Concepts of stress and strain
• Behaviour of rocks under stress; folds, joints, and faults
• Earthquakes-their causes and measurement
• Interplate and intraplate seismicity
• Paleomagnetism, sea floor spreading, and plate tectonics

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences: Unit 05

• Hypsography of the continents and ocean floor-continental shelf, slope, rise, and abyssal plains
• Physical and chemical properties of sea water and their spatial variations
• Residence times of elements in seawater
• Ocean currents, waves and tides, important current systems, thermohaline circulation, and the oceanic conveyor belt
• Major water masses of the world's oceans
• Biological productivity in the oceans
• Motion of fluids, waves in atmospheric and oceanic systems
• Atmospheric turbulence and boundary layer
• Structure and chemical composition of the atmosphere, lapse rate, and stability, scale height, geopotential, greenhouse gases, and global warming
• Cloud formation and precipitation processes, air-sea interactions on different space and time scales
• Insolation and heat budget, radiation balance, general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean
• Climatic and sea level changes on different time scales
• Coupled ocean-atmosphere system, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
• General weather systems of India-monsoon system, cyclone and jet stream, western disturbances and severe local convective systems, distribution of precipitation over India
• Marine and atmospheric pollution, ozone depletion

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences: Unit 06

• Properties of water; hydrological cycle; water resources and management
• Energy resources, uses, degradation, alternatives, and management; ecology and biodiversity
• Impact of use of energy and land on the environment
• Exploitation and conservation of mineral and other natural resources
• Natural hazards
• Elements of remote sensing

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 01

• Concept of point group, space group, reciprocal lattice, diffraction and imaging
• Concepts of crystal field theory and mineralogical spectroscopy
• TEM and SEM applications
• Lattice defects (point, line, and planar)
• Electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of minerals
• Bonding and crystal structures of common oxides, sulphides, and silicates
• Transformation of minerals-polymorphism, polytypism, and polysomatism
• Solid solution and exsolution
• Steady-state geotherms
• Genesis, properties, emplacement, and crystallization of magmas
• Phase equilibrium studies of simple systems, effect of volatiles on melt equilibrium
• Magma mixing,-mingling, and-immiscibility
• Metamorphic structures and textures; isograds and facies
• Mineral reactions with condensed phases, solid solutions, mixed volatile equilibrium and thermobarometry
• Metamorphism of pelites, mafic-ultramafic rocks, and siliceous dolomites
• Material transport during metamorphism
• P-T-T path in regional metamorphic terrains, plate tectonics, and metamorphism
• Petrogenetic aspects of important rock suites of India, such as the Deccan traps, layered intrusive complexes, anorthosites, carbonatites, charnockites, kimberlites, ophiolites and granitoids

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 02

• Theory of stress and strain
• Behaviour of rocks under stress
• Mohr circle
• Various states of stress and their representation by mohr circles
• Different types of failure and sliding criteria
• Geometry and mechanics of fracturing and conditions for reactivation of pre-existing discontinuities
• Common types of finite strain ellipsoids
• L-, l-s-, and s-tectonic fabrics
• Techniques of strain analysis
• Particle paths and flow patterns
• Progressive strain history
• Introduction to deformation mechanisms
• Role of fluids in deformation processes
• Geometry and analyses of brittle-ductile and ductile shear zones
• Sheath folds
• Geometry and mechanics of development of folds, boudins, foliations, and lineations
• Interference patterns of superposed fold
• Fault-related folding
• Gravity induced structures
• Tectonic features of extensional-, compressional-, and strike-slip terranes, and relevance to plate boundaries

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 03

• Theories on origin of life
• Organic evolution-punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism models
• Mass extinctions and their causes
• Application of fossils in age determination and correlation
• Paleoecology, life habitats, and various ecosystems, paleobiogeography
• Modes of preservation of fossils and taphonomic considerations
• Types of microfossils
• Environmental significance of fossils and trace fossils
• Use of microfossils in interpretation of seafloor tectonism
• Application of micropaleontology in hydrocarbon exploration
• Oxygen and carbon isotope studies of microfossils and their use in paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic interpretation
• Important invertebrate fossils, vertebrate fossils, plant fossils, and microfossils in Indian stratigraphy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 04

• Clastic sediments-gravel, sand, and mud; biogenic, chemical and volcanogenic sediments
• Classification of conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones, and carbonate rocks
• Flow regimes and processes of sediment transport
• Sedimentary textures and structures
• Sedimentary facies and environments, reconstruction of paleoenvironments
• Formation and evolution of sedimentary basins
• Diagenesis of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks
• Recent developments in stratigraphic classification
• Code of stratigraphic nomenclature-stratotypes, global boundary stratotype sections and points (GSSP)
• Lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic subdivisions
• Methods of stratigraphic correlation including Shaw’s graphic correlation
• Concept of sequence stratigraphy
• Rates of sediment accumulation, unconformities
• Facies concept in stratigraphy-Walther’s law
• Methods for paleogeographic reconstruction
• Earth’s climatic history
• Phanerozoic stratigraphy of India with reference to the type areas-their correlation with equivalent formations in other regions
• Boundary problems in indian phanerozoic stratigraphy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 05

• Morphologic and tectonic domains of the ocean floor
• Structure, composition, and mechanism of the formation of oceanic crust
• Hydrothermal vents-ocean margins and their significance
• Ocean circulation, Coriolis effect and Ekman spiral, convergence, divergence and upwelling, El Nino
• Indian ocean dipole thermohaline circulation and oceanic conveyor belt
• Formation of bottom waters; major water masses of the world’s oceans
• Oceanic sediments: Factors controlling the deposition and distribution of oceanic sediments; geochronology of oceanic sediments, diagenetic changes in oxic and anoxic environments
• Tectonic evolution of the ocean basins
• Mineral resources
• Paleoceanography-approaches to paleoceanographic reconstructions; various proxy indicators for paleoceanographic interpretation
• Reconstruction of monsoon variability by using marine proxy records opening and closing of ocean gateways and their effect on circulation, and climate during the Cenozoic
• Sea level processes and sea level changes
• Methods of paleo sea surface temperature
• Quantifications

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 06

• Structure and atomic properties of elements, the periodic table; ionic substitution in minerals; phase rule and its applications in petrology, thermodynamics of reactions involving pure phases, ideal and non-ideal solutions and fluids
• Equilibrium and distribution coefficients
• Nucleation and diffusion processes in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary environments, redox reactions and Eh-pH diagrams, and their applications
• Mineral/ mineral assemblages as ‘sensors’ of ambient environments
• Geochemical studies of aerosols, surface- , marine-, and ground waters
• Radioactive decay schemes and their application to geochronology and petrogenesis
• Stable isotopes and their application to earth system processes; geochemical cycles

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 07

• Magmatic, hydrothermal and surface processes of ore formation
• Metallogeny and its relation to crustal evolution; active ore-forming systems, methods of mineral deposit studies including ore microscopy, fluid inclusions and isotopic systematics; ores and metamorphism cause and effect relationships
• Geological setting, characteristics, and genesis of ferrous, base and noble metals
• Origin, migration and entrapment of petroleum; properties of source and reservoir rocks; structural, stratigraphic and combination traps
• Methods of petroleum exploration
• Petroliferous basins of india
• Origin of peat, lignite, bitumen, and anthracite
• Classification, rank and grading of coal; coal petrography, coal resources of India
• Gas hydrates and coal bed methane
• Nuclear and non-conventional energy resources

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 08

• Evolution of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere; lithological, geochemical and stratigraphic characteristics of granite-greenstone and granulite belts
• Stratigraphy and geochronology of the cratonic nuclei, mobile belts and proterozoic sedimentary basins of India
• Life in precambrian
• Precambrian-cambrian boundary with special reference to India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 09

• Definition of quaternary
• Quaternary stratigraphy-oxygen isotope stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and magnetostratigraphy
• Quaternary climates-glacial-interglacial cycles, eustatic changes, proxy indicators of paleoenvironmental/ paleoclimatic changes, land, ocean, and cryosphere (ice core studies)
• Responses of geomorphic systems to climate, sea level and tectonics on variable time scales in the quaternary, quaternary dating methods, radiocarbon, uranium series, luminescence, amino-acid relative during methods
• Quaternary stratigraphy of India-continental records (fluvial, glacial, Aeolian, paleosols, and duricrust); marine records; continental-marine correlation of quaternary record
• Evolution of man and stone age cultures
• Plant and animal life in relation to glacial and interglacial cycles during quaternary
• Tectonic geomorphology, neotectonics, active tectonics, and their applications to natural hazard assessment

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geology): Unit 10

• Remote sensing and GIS: Elements of photogrammetry, elements of photo interpretation, electromagnetic spectrum, emission range, film and imagery, sensors, geological interpretations air photos and imageries. Global positioning systems
• Remote sensing and GIS: GIS-data structure, attribute data, thematic layers, and query analysis
• Engineering geology: Engineering properties of rocks and physical characteristics of building stones, concretes, and other aggregates. Geological investigations for construction of dams, bridges, highways, and tunnels. Remedial measures
• Engineering geology: Mass movements with special emphasis on landslides and causes of hillslope instability. Seismic design of buildings
• Mineral exploration: Geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geobotanical methods of surface and subsurface exploration on different scales. Sampling, assaying and evaluation of mineral deposits
• Hydrogeology: Groundwater, Darcy’s law, hydrological characteristics of aquifers, hydrological cycle. Precipitation, evapotranspiration and infiltration processes. Hydrological classification of water-bearing formations
• Hydrogeology: Fresh and salt-water relationships in coastal, and inland areas. Groundwater exploration and water pollution. Groundwater regimes in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (physical geography): Unit 01

• Development in geomorphology
• Historical and process geomorphology
• Landforms in relation to climate, rock type, structure, and tectonics
• Processes-weathering, pedogenesis, mass movement, erosion, transportation and deposition
• Geomorphic processes and landforms-fluvial, glacial, eolian, coastal, and karst
• River forms and processes-stream flow, stage-discharge relationship; hydrographs and flood frequency analysis
• Submarine relief
• Geomorphology and topographic analysis including DEM, environmental change-causes, effects on processes and landforms
• Extraterrestrial geomorphology

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (physical geography): Unit 02

• Fundamental principles of climatology
• Earth’s radiation balance; latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature, pressure, wind belts, humidity, cloud formation and precipitation, water balance
• Air masses, monsoon, jet streams, tropical cyclones, and enso
• Classification of climates-Koppen and Thornthwaite scheme of classification
• Climate change

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (physical geography): Unit 03

• Elements of biogeography with special reference to India; environment, habitat, plant-animal association; zoo-geography of India; biomes, elements of plant geography, distribution of forests, and major plant communities
• Distribution of major animal communities
• Conservation of forests
• Wildlife sanctuaries and parks

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (physical geography): Unit 04

• Man-land relationship
• Resources-renewable and non-renewable
• Natural and man-made hazards-droughts, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis
• Ecological balance, environmental pollution and deterioration

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (physical geography): Unit 05

• Physiography, drainage, climate, soils and natural resources-the Himalaya, Ganga-Brahmaputra plains, and peninsular India precambrian shield, the Gondwana rift basins, Deccan Plateau
• Indian climatology with special reference to seasonal distribution and variation of temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation; climate zones of India
• Agricultural geography of india
• Population-its distribution and characteristics
• Urbanization and migration
• Environmental problems and issues

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 01

• Continuous and discrete signals; Fourier series; linear time invariant systems with deterministic and random inputs; band limited signal and sampling theorem; discrete and fast Fourier transform; Z-transform; convolution; filters: Discrete and continuous
• Filters: Recursive, non-recursive, optimal and inverse filters; deconvolution

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 02

• Newtonian potential; Laplace and Poisson’s equations; Green’s theorem; Gauss’ law; continuation integral; equivalent stratum; Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic theory; displacement potential, Helmholtz’s theorem and seismic wave propagation

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 03

• Numerical differentiation and integration, finite element, and finite difference techniques; Simpson’s rules; Gauss’ quadrature formula; initial value problems; pattern recognition in geophysics
• Well posed and ill-posed problems; method of least squares; direct search and gradient methods; generalized inversion techniques; singular value decomposition; global optimization

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 04

• Normal gravity field; Clairaut’s theorem; shape of the earth; deflection of the vertical, geoid, free-air, Bouguer and isostatic anomalies, isostatic models for local and regional compensation
• Geomagnetic field, secular, and transient variations and their theories; palaeomagnetism, construction of polar wandering curves

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 05

• Vine-Matthews hypothesis, marine magnetic anomalies, sea floor spreading; mid-oceanic ridges and geodynamics; plate tectonics hypothesis; plate boundaries and seismicity
• Heat flow mechanisms, core-mantle convection, and mantle plumes

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 06

• Seismometry: Short period, long period, broadband, and strong motion; elements of earthquake seismology; seismic sources: Faulting source, double couple hypothesis, elastodynamics, Haskell’s function, seismic moment tensor
• Seismic sources: Focal mechanism and fault plane solutions; seismic gaps; seismotectonics and structure of the earth; Himalayan and stable continental region earthquakes, reservoir induced seismicity; seismic hazards; earthquake prediction

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 07

• Gravimeters and magnetometers; data acquisition from land, air and ship; corrections and reduction of anomalies; ambiguity; regional and residual separation; continuation and derivative calculations; interpretation of anomalies of simple geometric bodies
• Single pole, sphere, horizontal cylinder, sheet, dyke and fault
• Forward modelling and inversion of arbitrary shaped bodies and 2-D, 3D interfaces
• Interpretations in frequency domain

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 08

• Electrical profiling and sounding, typical sounding curves, pseudo-sections; resistivity transform and direct interpretation; induced polarization methods
• Electromagnetic field techniques; elliptic polarization, in-phase and out of phase components, horizontal and vertical loop methods; interpretation; VLF (very low frequency); AFMAG (audio frequency magnetic) methods; and central frequency sounding
• Transient electromagnetic methods; magneto-telluric method; geomagnetic depth sounding

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 09

• Generalized Snell’s law; Ray theory; reflection, refraction, diffraction; Zoeppritz equation; seismic energy sources; detectors; seismic noises and noise profile analysis; seismic data recording and telemetry devices
• Reduction to a datum and weathering corrections; interpretation of a refraction seismic data by graphical and analytical techniques; CDP/ CMP; seismic reflection data processing, velocity analysis, F-K filtering, stacking, deconvolution
• Migration before and after stack; bright spot analysis; wavelet processing; attenuation studies, shear waves, AVO; VSP; introduction to 3D seismics; seismic stratigraphy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (geophysics): Unit 10

• Open hole, cased hole, and production logging; electrical logs; lateral, latero, induction, SP; porosity logs; sonic, density, neutron; natural gamma; determination of formation factor, porosity, permeability, density, water saturation, lithology
• Logging while drilling
• Radioactive and geothermal methods

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 01

• Fundamental principles of climatology
• Earth’s radiation balance; latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature, pressure, wind belts, humidity, cloud formation, and precipitation, water balance
• Air masses, monsoon, jet streams, tropical cyclones, and enso
• Classification of climates-Koppen and Thornthwaite scheme of classification
• Climate change

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 02

• Thermal structure of the atmosphere and its composition
• Radiation: Basic laws-Rayleigh and Mie scattering, multiple scattering, radiation from the sun, solar constant, effect of clouds, surface, and planetary albedo
• Emission and absorption of terrestrial radiation, radiation windows, radiative transfer, greenhouse effect, net radiation budget; thermodynamics of dry and moist air: Specific gas constant, adiabatic and isentropic processes, entropy and enthalpy
• Thermodynamics of dry and moist air: Moisture variables, virtual temperature; Clausius-Clapeyron equation, adiabatic process of moist air; thermodynamic diagrams: Hydrostatic equilibrium-hydrostatic equation, variation of pressure with height
• Thermodynamic diagrams: Hydrostatic equilibrium-geopotential, standard atmosphere, altimetry
• Vertical stability of the atmosphere: Dry and moist air parcel and slice methods
• Tropical convection

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 03

• Fair weather electric field in the atmosphere and potential gradients, ionization in the atmosphere
• Electrical fields in thunderstorms, theories of thunderstorm electrification

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 04

• Cloud classification, condensation nuclei, growth of cloud drops and ice crystals, precipitation mechanisms: Bergeron, Findeisen process, coalescence process-precipitation of warm and mixed clouds, artificial precipitation, hail suppression
• Precipitation mechanisms: Fog and cloud-dissipation, radar observation of clouds and precipitation, radar equation, raindrop spectra, radar echoes of hail storm and tornadoes, radar observation of hurricanes, measurements of rainfall by radar

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 05

• Basic equations and fundamental forces: Pressure, gravity, centripetal and Coriolis forces, continuity equation in Cartesian and isobaric coordinates
• Momentum equation Cartesian and spherical coordinates; scale analysis, inertial flow, geostrophic and gradient winds, thermal wind
• Divergence and vertical motion Rossby, Richardson, Reynolds, and Froude numbers
• Circulation, vorticity and divergence; Bjerknes circulation theorem and applications, vorticity and divergence equations, scale analysis, potential vorticity, stream function and velocity potential
• Atmospheric turbulence: Mixing length theory, planetary boundary layer equations, surface layer, Ekman layer, eddy transport of heat, moisture, and momentum, Richardson criterion; linear perturbation theory: Internal and external gravity waves
• Linear perturbation theory: Inertia waves, gravity waves, Rossby waves, wave motion in the tropics, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities
• Atmospheric energetic: Kinetic, potential, and internal energies-conversion of potential and internal energies into kinetic energy, available potential energy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 06

• Computational instability, filtering of sound and gravity waves, filtered forecast equations, barotropic and equivalent barotropic models, two parameter baroclinic model, relaxation method
• Multi-layer primitive equation models
• Short, medium, and long range weather prediction
• Objective analysis; initialization of the data for use in weather prediction models; data assimilation techniques, application of satellite in NWP (numerical weather prediction) and remotely sensed data

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 07

• Observed zonally symmetric circulations, meridional circulation models, mean meridional and eddy transport of momentum and energy, angular momentum and energy budgets; zonally asymmetric features of general circulation; standing eddies
• East-west circulations in tropics: Climate variability and forcings; feedback processes, low frequency variability, MJO Madden-Julian oscillation), ENSO, QBO (quasi biennial oscillation) and sunspot cycles
• Basic principles of general circulation modelling; gridpoint and spectral GCMs; role of the ocean in climate modelling; interannual variability of ocean fields (SST, winds, circulation, etc) and its relationship with monsoon
• Concepts of ocean-atmosphere coupled models

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 08

• Weather observations and transmission, synoptic charts, analysis of surface, upper air another derivative chart, stream-lines, isotachs, and contour analysis; tilt and slope of pressure/ weather systems with height
• Synoptic weather forecasting, prediction of weather elements such as rain, maximum and minimum temperature and fog; hazardous weather elements like thunderstorms, dust storms, tornadoes
• Tropical meteorology: Trade wind inversion, ITCZ; monsoon trough tropical cyclones, their structure and development theory; monsoon depressions; tropical easterly jet stream; low level jets, Somali jet, waves in easterlies; western disturbances
• Tropical meteorology: SW and NE monsoons; synoptic features associated with onset, withdrawal, break active and weak monsoons and their prediction
• Air masses and fronts: Sources, origin and classification of air masses; and fronts, frontogenesis and frontolysis; structure of cold and warm fronts; weather systems associated with fronts
• Extra-tropical synoptic scale features: Jet streams, extratropical cyclones, and anticyclones

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 09

• Role of meteorology in aviation, weather hazards associated with take off cruising and landing, in-flight-icing, turbulence, visibility, fog, clouds, rain, gusts, wind shear and thunderstorms, now casting and very short range forecasting

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (meteorology): Unit 10

• Meteorological satellites-polar orbiting and geostationary satellites, visible and infrared radiometers, multiscanner radiometers; identification of synoptic systems, fog and sandstorms, detection of cyclones, estimation of SST, cloud top temperatures
• Winds and rainfall: Temperature and humidity soundings

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (ocean sciences): Unit 01

• T-S diagrams; mixing processes in the oceans; characteristics of important water masses
• Wind generated waves in the oceans; their characteristics; shallow and deep water waves
• Propagation, refraction, and reflection of waves
• Wave spectrum, principles of wave forecasting
• Tide-producing forces and their magnitudes; prediction of tides by the harmonic method; tides and tidal currents in shallow seas, estuaries and rivers
• Factors influencing coastal processes; transformation of waves in shallow water; effects of stratification; effect of bottom friction, phenomena of wave reflection, refraction and diffraction; breakers and surf; littoral currents
• Wave action on sediments-movement to beach material; rip currents; beach stability, ocean beach nourishment; harbour resonance; seiches; tsunami; interaction of waves and structure
• Estuaries: Classification and nomenclature; tides in estuaries; estuarine circulation and mixing; depth-averaged and breadth, averaged models; sedimentation in estuaries; salinity intrusion in estuaries; effect of stratification; coastal pollution
• Estuaries: Mixing and dispersal of pollutants in estuaries and near-shore areas; coastal zone management
• The global wind system; action of wind on ocean surface; Ekman’s theory; Sverdrup, Stommel and Munk’s theories; upwelling and sinking with special reference to the Indian ocean
• Inertial currents; divergences and convergences; geostrophic motion; barotropic and baroclinic conditions; oceanic eddies, relationship between density, pressure and dynamic topography; relative and slope currents
• Wind driven coastal currents; typical scales of motion in the ocean
• Characteristics of the global conveyor belt circulation and its causes
• Formation of subtropical gyres; western boundary currents; equatorial current systems; El Nino; monsoonal winds and currents over the north Indian ocean; Somali current; southern ocean
• Upwelling process in the arabian sea

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (ocean sciences): Unit 02

• Composition of seawater-classification of elements based on their distribution; major and minor constituents; behavior of elements; chemical exchanges across interfaces, and residence times in seawater
• Chemical and biological interactions-ionic interactions; cycling and air-sea exchange of important biogenic dissolved gases; carbon dioxide carbonate system; alkalinity and control of pH; abiotic and biotic controls of trace elements in the ocean
• Biological pump and controls on atmospheric composition

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (ocean sciences): Unit 03

• Morphologic and tectonic domains of the ocean floor
• Structure, composition, and mechanism of the formation of oceanic crust
• Hydrothermal vents-ocean margins and their significance
• Ocean circulation, Coriolis effect and Ekman spiral, convergence, divergence, and upwelling, El Nino
• Indian ocean dipole thermohaline circulation and oceanic conveyor belt
• Formation of bottom waters; major water masses of the world’s oceans
• Oceanic sediments: Factors controlling the deposition and distribution of oceanic sediments; geochronology of oceanic sediments, digenetic changes in oxic and anoxic environments
• Tectonic evolution of the ocean basins
• Mineral resources
• Paleoceanography-approaches to paleoceanographic reconstructions; various proxy indicators for paleoceanographic interpretation
• Reconstruction of monsoon variability by using marine proxy records opening and closing of ocean gateways and their effect on circulation and climate during the cenozoic
• Sea level processes and sea level changes
• Methods of paleo sea surface temperature
• Quantifications

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences (ocean sciences): Unit 04

• Classification of the marine environment and marine organisms
• Physicochemical factors affecting marine life-light, temperature, salinity, pressure, nutrients, dissolved gases; adaptation and biological processes
• Primary and secondary production; factors controlling phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and diversity; nekton and fisheries oceanography; benthic organisms; coastal marine communities and community ecology-estuaries
• Coral reefs and mangrove communities, deep-sea ecology including hydrothermal vent communities
• Energy flow and mineral cycling-energy transfer and transfer efficiencies through different trophic levels; food webs including the microbial loop
• Human impacts on marine communities; impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity
• Impact of pollution on marine environments including fisheries

Economics: Unit 01

• Theory of consumer behaviour, theory of production and costs, decision making under uncertainty attitude towards risk, game theory-non cooperative games, market structures, competitive and non-competitive equilibrium, and their efficiency properties
• Factor pricing, general equilibrium analysis, efficiency criteria: Pareto-optimality, Kaldor-Hicks, and wealth maximization, welfare economics: Fundamental theorems, social welfare function, asymmetric information: Adverse selection and moral hazard

Economics: Unit 02

• National income: Concepts and measurement, determination of output and employment: Classical and Keynesian approach, consumption function, investment function, multiplier and accelerator, demand for money, supply of money, IS-LM model approach
• Inflation and Phillips curve analysis, business cycles, monetary and fiscal policy, rational expectation hypothesis and its critique

Economics: Unit 03

• Probability theory: Concepts of probability, distributions, moments, central limit theorem, descriptive statistics-measures of central tendency and dispersions, correlation, index numbers, sampling methods and sampling distribution
• Statistical inferences, hypothesis testing, linear regression models and their properties-blue, identification problem, simultaneous equation models-recursive and non-recursive, discrete choice models, time series analysis

Economics: Unit 04

• Sets, functions, and continuity, sequence, series, differential calculus and its applications, linear algebra-matrices, vector spaces, static optimization problems, and their applications, input-output model, linear programming
• Difference and differential equations with applications

Economics: Unit 05

• International trade: Basic concepts and analytical tools, theories of international trade, international trade under imperfect competition, balance of payments: Composition, equilibrium and disequilibrium, and adjustment mechanisms
• Exchange rate: Concepts and theories, foreign exchange market and arbitrage, gains from trade, terms of trade, trade multiplier, tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade; dumping, GATT, WTO, and regional trade blocs; trade policy issues
• IMF and world bank

Economics: Unit 06

• Market failure and remedial measures: Asymmetric information, public goods, externality, regulation of market-collusion and consumers’ welfare, public revenue: Tax and non-tax revenue, direct and indirect taxes, progressive and non-progressive taxation
• Public revenue: Incidence, and effects of taxation, public expenditure, public debt and its management, public budget and budget multiplier, fiscal policy and its implications

Economics: Unit 07

• Components of Money Supply, Central Bank, Commercial Banking, Instruments and Working of Monetary Policy, Non-banking Financial Institutions, Capital Market and its Regulation

Economics: Unit 08

• Economic growth and economic development, theories of economic development: Adam Smith, Ricardo, Marx, Schumpeter, Rostow, balanced and unbalanced growth, big push approach
• Models of economic growth: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Robinson, Kaldor, technical progress-disembodied and embodied; endogenous growth, indicators of economic development: PQLI, HDI, SDGS, poverty and inequalities-concepts and measurement
• Social sector development: health, education, gender

Economics: Unit 09

• Environment as a public good, market failure, Coase theorem, cost-benefit analysis and compensation criteria, valuation of environmental goods, theories of population, concepts and measures: Fertility, morbidity, mortality
• Age structure, demographic dividend, life table, migration

Economics: Unit 10

• Economic growth in India: Pattern and structure, agriculture: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, industry: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, services: Pattern and structure of growth
• Services: Major challenges, policy responses, rural development-issues, challenges, and policy responses, urban development-issues, challenges, and policy responses, Foreign trade: Structure and direction, BOP, flow of foreign capital, trade policies
• Foreign trade: Infrastructure development: Physical and social; public-private partnerships, reforms in land, labour, and capital markets, centre-state financial relations and finance commissions of India; FRBM, poverty, inequality, and unemployment

Education: Unit 01

• Contribution of Indian Schools of philosophy (Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism) with special reference to Vidya, Dayanand Darshan; and Islamic traditions towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge
• Contribution of Western schools of thoughts (idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, Marxism, existentialism) and their contribution to education with special reference to information, knowledge, and wisdom
• Approaches to sociology of education (symbolic interaction, structural functionalism, and conflict theory)
• Concept and types of social Institutions and their functions (family, school, and society), concept of social movements, theories of social movements (relative deprivation, resource mobilization, political process theory, and new social movement theory)
• Socialization and education-education and culture; contribution of thinkers (Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo, J. Krishnamurti, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule)
• To the development of educational thought for social change, national values as enshrined in the Indian constitution-socialism, secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom with special reference to education

Education: Unit 02

• Committees and commissions contribution to teacher education secondary education commission (1953), Kothari education commission (1964-66), national policy of education (1986, 1992), national commission on teachers (1999)
• National curriculum framework 2005, national knowledge commission (2007), Yashpal committee report (2009), national curriculum framework for teacher education (2009), justice Verma committee report (2012)
• Relationship between policies and education, linkage between educational policy and national development, determinants of educational policy and process of policy formulation: Analysis of the existing situation, generation of policy options
• Determinants of educational policy and process of policy formulation: Evaluation of policy options, making the policy decision, planning of policy implementation, policy impact assessment, and subsequent policy cycles
• Concept of economics of education: Cost benefit analysis vs. cost effective analysis in education, economic returns to higher education signaling theory vs. human capital theory, concept of educational finance
• Concept of economics of education: Educational finance at micro and macro levels, concept of budgeting
• Relationship between politics and education, perspectives of politics of education liberal, conservative, and critical, approaches to understanding politics (behaviouralism, theory of systems analysis, and theory of rational choice)
• Education for Political Development and Political Socialization

Education: Unit 03

• Growth and development: Concept and principles, cognitive processes and stages of cognitive development, personality: Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), mental health and mental hygiene
• Approaches to intelligence from unitary to multiple: Concepts of social intelligence, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence theories of intelligence by Sternberg, Gardner, assessment of intelligence
• Approaches to intelligence from unitary to multiple: Concepts of problem solving, critical thinking, metacognition and creativity
• Principles and theories of learning: behaviouristic, cognitive and social theories of learning, factors affecting social learning, social competence, concept of social cognition, understanding social relationship and socialization goals
• Guidance and counselling: Nature, principles, and need, types of guidance (educational, vocational, personal, health, and social and directive, non-directive, and eclectic)
• Guidance and counselling: Approaches to counselling-cognitive behavioural (Albert Ellis-REBT) and humanistic, person-centered counselling (Carl Rogers)-theories of counselling (behaviouristic, rational, emotive, and reality)

Education: Unit 04

• Meaning, nature, and scope of teacher education; types of teacher education programs, the structure of teacher education curriculum and its vision in curriculum documents of NCERT and NCTE at elementary, secondary and higher secondary levels
• Organization of components of pre-service teacher education transactional approaches (for foundation courses) expository, collaborative, and experiential learning
• Understanding knowledge base of teacher education from the view point of Schulman, Deng and Luke and Habermas, meaning of reflective teaching and strategies for promoting reflective teaching, models of teacher education-behaviouristic
• Competency-based and inquiry oriented teacher education models
• Concept, need, purpose, and scope of in-service teacher education, organization and modes of in-service teacher education, agencies and institutions of in-service teacher education at district
• State and national levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE, and UGC), preliminary consideration in planning in-service teacher education programme (purpose, duration, resources, and budget)
• Concept of profession and professionalism, teaching as a profession, professional ethics of teachers, personal and contextual factors affecting teacher development, ICT integration, quality enhancement for professionalization of teacher education
• Innovation in teacher education

Education: Unit 05

• Concept and principles of curriculum, strategies of curriculum development, stages in the process of curriculum development, foundations of curriculum planning-philosophical bases (national, democratic), sociological basis (socio-cultural reconstruction)
• Psychological bases (learner’s needs and interests), benchmarking and role of national level statutory bodies-UGC, NCTE and university in curriculum development
• Models of curriculum design: Traditional and contemporary models (academic/ discipline based model, competency based model, social functions/ activities model (social reconstruction), individual needs and interests model, outcome based integrative model
• Models of curriculum design: Intervention model, CIPP model (context, input, process, product model)
• Instructional system, instructional media, instructional techniques and material in enhancing curriculum transaction, approaches to evaluation of curriculum: Approaches to curriculum and instruction (academic and competency based approaches)
• Models of curriculum evaluation: Tyler’s Model, Stakes’ Model, Scriven’s Model, Kirkpatrick’s model
• Meaning and types of curriculum change, factors affecting curriculum change, approaches to curriculum change, role of students, teachers, and educational administrators in curriculum change and improvement
• Scope of curriculum research and types of research in curriculum studies

Education: Unit 06

• Meaning and scope of educational research, meaning and steps of scientific method, characteristics of scientific method (replicability, precision, falsifiability, and parsimony), types of scientific method (exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive)
• Aims of research as a scientific activity: Problem-solving, theory building, and prediction, types of research (fundamental, applied, and action), approaches to educational research (quantitative and qualitative)
• Designs in educational research (descriptive, experimental, and historical)
• Variables: Meaning of concepts, constructs, and variables, types of variables (independent, dependent, extraneous, intervening, and moderator), hypotheses-concept, sources, types (research, directional, non-directional, null), formulating hypothesis
• Characteristics of a good hypothesis, steps of writing a research proposal, concept of universe and sample, characteristics of a good sample, techniques of sampling (probability and non-probability sampling), tools of research-validity
• Reliability and standardization of a tool, types of tools (rating scale, attitude scale, questionnaire, aptitude test, and achievement test, inventory), techniques of research (observation, interview, and projective techniques)
• Types of measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio), quantitative data analysis-descriptive data analysis (measures of central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits, and graphical presentation of data)
• Testing of hypothesis (type-I and type-II errors), levels of significance, power of a statistical test and effect size, parametric techniques, non-parametric techniques, conditions to be satisfied for using parametric techniques, inferential data analysis
• Use and interpretation of statistical techniques: correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square (equal probability and normal probability hypothesis)
• Qualitative data analysis-data reduction and classification, analytical induction and constant comparison, concept of triangulation
• Qualitative research designs: Grounded theory designs (types, characteristics, designs, steps in conducting a GT research, strengths, and weakness of GT)
• Qualitative research designs: Narrative research designs (meaning and key characteristics, steps in conducting NR design)
• Qualitative research designs: Case study (meaning, characteristics, components of a CS design, types of CS design, steps of conducting a CS research, strengths and weaknesses)
• Qualitative research designs: Ethnography (meaning, characteristics, underlying assumptions, steps of conducting ethnographic research, writing ethnographic account, strengths and weaknesses)
• Mixed method designs: Characteristics, types of MM designs (triangulation, explanatory, and exploratory designs), steps in conducting a MM designs, strengths, and weakness of MM research

Education: Unit 07

• Pedagogy, pedagogical analysis-concept and stages, critical pedagogy-meaning, need and its implications in teacher education, organizing teaching: Memory level (Herbartian model), understanding level (Morrison teaching model)
• Reflective level (Bigge and Hunt teaching model), concept of andragogy in education: Meaning, principles, competencies of Self-directed learning, theory of andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), the dynamic model of learner autonomy
• Assessment-meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for learning, assessment of learning, and assessment of learning)-types of assessment (placement, formative, diagnostic, summative) relations between objectives and outcomes
• Assessment of cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor domains (R.H. Dave) of learning
• Assessment in pedagogy of education: Feedback devices-meaning, types, criteria, guidance as a feedback devices: Assessment of portfolios, reflective journal, field engagement using rubrics, competency based evaluation
• Assessment in pedagogy of education: Assessment of teacher prepared ICT resources
• Assessment in andragogy of education-interaction analysis: Flanders’ interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (recording of classroom events, construction, and interpretation of interaction matrix)
• Assessment in andragogy of education-interaction analysis: Criteria for teacher evaluation (product, process, and presage criteria, rubrics for self and peer evaluation (meaning, steps of construction)

Education: Unit 08

• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Information technology, communication technology, and information and communication technology (ICT) and instructional technology, applications of educational technology in formal
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Non formal (open and distance learning), informal and inclusive education systems, overview of behaviourist
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Cognitive and constructivist theories and their implications to instructional design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky)
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Relationship between learning theories and instructional strategies (for large and small groups, formal and, non formal groups)
• Systems approach to instructional design, models of development of instructional design (Addie, assure, Dick and Carey model mason’s), Gagne’s nine events of instruction and five E’s of constructivism, nine elements of constructivist instructional design
• Application of computers in education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML, concept, process of preparing ODLM, concept of e learning, approaches to e-learning (offline, online, synchronous, asynchronous, blended learning, mobile learning)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Social learning (concept, use of web 2.0 tools for learning, social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Open education resources (creative common, massive open online courses; concept and application)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: E-inclusion-concept of e-inclusion, application of assistive technology in e-learning, quality of e-learning-measuring quality of system: Information, system, service
• Quality of e-learning-measuring quality of system: User satisfaction and net benefits (D and M IS success model, 2003), ethical issues for e-learner and e-teacher teaching, learning and research
• Use of ICT in evaluation, administration and research: E-portfolios, ICT for research-online repositories and online libraries, online and offline assessment tools (online survey tools or test generators)-concept and development

Education: Unit 09

• Educational management and administration: Meaning, principles, functions, and importance, institutional building, POSDCORB, CPM, PERT, management as a system, SWOT analysis, taylorism, administration as a process, administration as a bureaucracy
• Educational management and administration: Human relations approach to administration, organizational compliance, organisational development, organizational climate
• Leadership in educational administration: Meaning and nature, approaches to leadership-trait, transformational, transactional, value based, cultural, psychodynamic, and charismatic
• Leadership in educational administration: Models of leadership (Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, Fiedler’s contingency model, tri-dimensional model, Hersey and Blanchard’s model, leader-member exchange theory)
• Concept of quality and quality in education: Indian and international perspective, evolution of quality-inspection, quality control, quality assurance, total quality management (TQM), six sigma, quality gurus: Walter Shewhart, Edward Deming, C.K Prahalad
• Change management: Meaning, need for planned change, three step-model of change (unfreezing, moving, refreezing), the Japanese models of change: just-in-time, poka yoke, cost of quality: Appraisal costs, failure costs and preventable costs
• Change management: Cost of quality-cost benefit analysis, cost effective analysis, Indian and international quality assurance agencies: Objectives, functions, roles, and initiatives (national assessment accreditation council (NAAC), performance indicators
• Change management: Indian and international quality assurance agencies-quality council of India (QCI), international network for quality assurance agencies in higher education (INQAAHE)

Education: Unit 10

• Inclusive education: Concept, principles, scope, and target groups (diverse learners; including marginalized group and learners with disabilities), evolution of the philosophy of inclusive education: Special, integrated, inclusive education
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-policies and legislations (national policy of education (1986), programme of action of action (1992), persons with disabilities act (1995), national policy of disabilities (2006), national curriculum framework (2005)
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-concession and facilities to diverse learners (academic and financial), rehabilitation council of India act (1992), inclusive education under sarva shiksha abhiyan (SSA)
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-features of UNCRPD (united nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities) and its implication
• Concept of impairment, disability and handicap, classification of disabilities based on ICF model, readiness of school and models of inclusion, prevalence, types, characteristics and educational needs of diverse learners’ intellectual
• Physical and multiple disabilities, causes and prevention of disabilities, identification of diverse learners for inclusion, educational evaluation methods, techniques and tools
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: infrastructure, human resource and instructional practices, curriculum and curricular adaptations for diverse learners
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: Assistive and adaptive technology for diverse learners-product (aids and appliances) and process (individualized education plan, remedial teaching), parent professional partnership: Role of parents, peers
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: Parent professional partnership-professionals, teachers, school
• Barriers and facilitators in inclusive education: attitude, social and educational, current status and ethical issues of inclusive education in India, research trends of inclusive education in India

Electronic science: Unit 01

• Energy bands in solids, concept of effective mass, density of states, Fermi levels
• PN junction, diode equation and diode equivalent circuit, breakdown in diodes, Zener diode, tunnel diode, metal semiconductor junction-Ohmic and Schottky contacts, characteristics and equivalent circuits of JFET, MOSFET
• Low dimensional semiconductor devices-quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots
• High electron mobility transistor (HEMT), solar cells-I-V characteristics, fill factor and efficiency, LED, LCD and flexible display devices
• Emerging materials for future devices: Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), ZnO, SiC etc

Electronic science: Unit 02

• Crystal growth, epitaxy, oxidation, lithography, doping, etching, isolation methods, metallization, bonding, thin film deposition and characterization techniques: XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, thin film active and passive devices, MOS technology and VLSI
• Scaling of MOS devices, NMOS and CMOS structures and fabrication, characteristics of MOS transistors and threshold voltage, NMOS and CMOS inverters, charge-coupled device (CCD)-structure, charge storage and transfer, basics of VLSI design, stick diagrams
• Coupled device (CCD)-layout design rules

Electronic science: Unit 03

• Network elements, network graphs, nodal and mesh analysis
• Laplace transform, Fourier transform and z-transform
• Time and frequency domain response, passive filters, two-port network parameters: Z, Y, ABCD, and H parameters, transfer functions, signal representation, state variable method of circuit analysis, ac circuit analysis, transient analysis, zero and poles
• Two-port network parameters: Bode plots
• Continuous time signals, Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, sampling theorem and applications, discrete time signal, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), fast Fourier transform (FFT), basic concepts of digital signal processing
• Digital filters-IIR, FIR

Electronic science: Unit 04

• Biasing of bipolar junction transistors and FETs, operating point and stability, amplifiers, classification of amplifiers, concept of feedback, Hartley, Colpitts and phase shift oscillators, operational amplifiers (OPAMP)-characteristics
• Operational amplifiers (OPAMP)-computational applications, comparators, Schmitt trigger, instrumentation amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, phase locked loops, active filters, multivibrators, voltage to frequency convertors (V/F)
• Operational amplifiers (OPAMP)-frequency to voltage convertors (F/V)

Electronic science: Unit 05

• Logic gates, Boolean algebra and minimization techniques
• Combinational circuits, programmable logic devices (PLD), CPLD, flip-flops, memories, sequential circuits: Counters- ring, ripple, synchronous, asynchronous, shift registers, multiplexers and demultiplexers, A/D and D/A converters
• Analysis and design of fundamental mode state machines: State variables, state table, and state diagram
• Sequential PLD, FPGA, analysis and design of digital circuits using HDL

Electronic science: Unit 06

• Architecture, addressing modes, instruction set, interrupts, programming, memory and I/O interfacing
• Introduction of microcontrollers-8051 for embedded systems, architecture and register set of microcontroller 8051, addressing modes, instruction set of 8051-data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, logic instructions
• Instruction set of 8051-bit level and byte level control transfer instructions, 8051 assembly programming-stack operations, subroutines, interrupts, 8051 programming as timer/ counter, 8051 serial communication, 8051 interfacing RS232
• 8051 assembly programming-LED/ LCD display, keyboard, stepper motor

Electronic science: Unit 07

• Vector calculus, Gauss's law, Laplace, and Poisson's equations, magnetostatics-'Biot-Savart's law, Ampere's law, and electromagnetic induction, Maxwell's equations and wave equations, plane wave propagation in free space, dielectrics and conductors
• Magnetostatics-Poynting theorem, reflection and refraction, polarization, interference, coherence and diffraction, transmission lines and waveguides-line equations, impedance, reflections and voltage standing wave ratio, rectangular waveguides
• Antennas-retarded potential and Hertzian dipole, half wave antenna, antenna patterns, radiation intensity, gain, effective area and Friis free space receiver power equation
• Microwave sources and devices-reflex klystron, magnetron, TWT, GUNN diode, IMPATT diode, crystal detector and pin diode
• Radar-block diagram of radar, frequencies and power used, radar range equation

Electronic science: Unit 08

• AM, FM, and PM, principle of superheterodyne receiver, random signals, noise, noise temperature and noise figure, basic concepts of information theory, error detection and correction
• Digital modulation and demodulation-PCM, ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK AND QAM, time and frequency-division multiplexing, multiple access techniques, data communications-modems, codes, principles of mobile and satellite communication
• Optical communication, optical sources-LED, spontaneous and stimulated emission, semiconductor lasers, detectors-pin photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes (APD), optical fibers-attenuation and dispersion characteristics, bandwidth
• Wavelength division multiplexing
• Fundamentals of internet of things (IOT) for communication

Electronic science: Unit 09

• Characteristics of SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, power transistors, protection of thyristors against over voltage and over current
• SCR triggering-DV/DT AND DI/DT, triggering with single pulse and train of pulses, AC and DC motors-construction and speed control
• Switched mode power supply (SMPS)
• Uninterrupted power supply (UPS)
• Open loop and closed loop control system, block diagram reduction techniques, transfer function and signal flow diagram, stability criterion: Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist plot, on-off controller, proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI)
• Proportional-derivative (PD), PID controllers

Electronic science: Unit 10

• Resistance, inductance, capacitance, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, Hall effect, photoelectric, measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque, strain, temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, thickness, pH
• Measuring equipment-measurement of R, L, and C, bridge and potentiometers, voltage, current, power, energy, frequency/ time, phase, digital multimeters, CRO, digital storage oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer
• Biomedical instruments-ECG, EEG, blood pressure measurements, MEMS and its applications sensors for IoT applications

Geography: Unit 01

• Continental drift, plate tectonics, endogenetic, and exogenetic forces
• Denudation and weathering, geomorphic cycle (Davis and Penck), theories and process of slope development, earth movements (seismicity, folding, faulting, and vulcanicity)
• Landform occurrence and causes of geomorphic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and avalanches)

Geography: Unit 02

• Composition and structure of atmosphere; insolation, heat budget of earth, temperature, pressure, and winds, atmospheric circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation, cyclones, and anticyclones (tropical and temperate)
• Climatic classification of Koppen and Thornthwaite, ENSO events (El Nino, La Nina, and southern oscillations), meteorological hazards and disasters (cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hailstorms, heat, and cold waves drought and cloudburst
• Glacial Lake Outburst (GLOF), Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past, Human impact on Global Climate

Geography: Unit 03

• Relief of oceans, composition: Temperature, density, and salinity, circulation: Warm and cold currents, waves, tides, sea level changes, hazards: Tsunami and cyclone

Geography: Unit 04

• Components: Ecosystem (geographic classification) and human ecology, functions: Trophic levels, energy flows, cycles (geochemical, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen), food chain, food web, and ecological pyramid, human interaction, and impacts
• Functions: Environmental ethics and deep ecology, environmental hazards and disasters (global warming, urban heat island, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, land degradation), national programmes and policies: Legal framework, environmental policy
• National programmes and policies: International treaties, international programmes, and polices (Brundtland Commission, Kyoto protocol, agenda 21, sustainable development goals, Paris agreement)

Geography: Unit 05

• Population geography: Sources of population data (census, sample surveys, and vital statistics, data reliability, and errors). World population distribution (measures, patterns, and determinants), world population growth (prehistoric to modern period)
• Population geography: Demographic transition, theories of population growth (Malthus, Sadler, and Ricardo). Fertility and mortality analysis (indices, determinants, and world patterns). Migration (types, causes, and consequences and models)
• Population geography: Population composition and characteristics (age, sex, rural-urban, occupational structure, and educational levels), population policies in developed and developing countries
• Settlement geography: Rural settlements (types, patterns, and distribution), contemporary problems of rural settlements (rural-urban migration; land use changes; land acquisition and transactions)
• Settlement geography: Theories of origin of towns (Gordon Childe, Henri Pirenne, Lewis Mumford)
• Settlement geography: Characteristics and processes of urbanization in developed and developing countries (factors of urban growth, trends of urbanization, size, structure, and functions of urban areas)
• Settlement geography: Urban systems (the law of the primate city and rank size rule) central place theories (Christaller and Losch), internal structure of the city, models of urban land use (Burgess, Harris, and Ullman, and Hoyt), concepts of megacities
• Settlement geography: Global cities and edge cities, changing urban forms (peri-urban areas, rural-urban fringe, suburban, ring, and satellite towns), social segregation in the city, urban social area analysis
• Settlement geography: Manifestation of poverty in the city (slums, informal sector growth, crime, and social exclusion)

Geography: Unit 06

• Economic geography: Factors affecting spatial organization of economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), natural resources (classification, distribution, and associated problems), natural resources management
• Economic geography: World energy crises in developed and developing countries
• Agricultural geography: Land capability classification and land use planning, cropping pattern-methods of delineating crop combination regions (Weaver, Doi, and Rafiullah), crop diversification, von Thünen's model of land use planning
• Agricultural geography: Measurement and determinants of agricultural productivity, regional variations in agricultural productivity, agricultural systems of the world
• Industrial geography: Classification of industries, factors of industrial location; theories of industrial location (A. Weber, E.M. Hoover, August Losch, A. Pred, and D.M. Smith). World industrial regions
• Industrial geography: Impact of globalization on manufacturing sector in less developed countries, tourism industry
• Industrial geography: World distribution and growth of information and communication technology (ICT) and knowledge production (education and R and D) industries
• Geography of transport and trade: Theories and models of spatial interaction (Edward Ullman and M.E. Hurst) measures and indices of connectivity and accessibility; spatial flow models: Gravity model and its variants, world trade organization
• Geography of transport and trade: Globalization and liberalization and world trade patterns. Problems and prospects of Inter and Intra regional cooperation and trade
• Regional development: Typology of regions, formal, and fictional regions, world regional disparities, theories of regional development (Albert O. Hirschman, Gunnar Myrdal, John Friedman), dependency theory of under development, global economic blocks
• Regional development: Regional development, and social movements in India

Geography: Unit 07

• Cultural and social geography: Concept of culture, cultural complexes, areas, and region, cultural heritage, cultural ecology. Cultural convergence, social structure and processes, social well-being and quality of life, social exclusion
• Cultural and social geography: Spatial distribution of social groups in India (tribe, caste, religion, and language), environment and human health, diseases ecology
• Cultural and social geography: Nutritional status (etiological conditions, classification and spatial, and seasonal distributional patterns with special reference to India), health care planning and policies in India, medical tourism in India
• Political geography: Boundaries and frontiers (with special reference to India), Heartland and Rimland theories. Trends and developments in political geography, geography of federalism, electoral reforms in India, determinants of electoral behavior
• Political geography: Geopolitics of climate change, geopolitics of world resources, geopolitics of India ocean, regional organizations of cooperation (SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, EU). Geopolitics of world natural resources

Geography: Unit 08

• Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese, and Indian scholars, contributions of geographers (Bernhardus Varenius, Immanuel Kant, Alexander Von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Schaefer, and Hartshorne), impact of Darwinian theory on geographical thought
• Contemporary trends in Indian geography: cartography, thematic and methodological contributions
• Major geographic traditions (earth science, man environment relationship, area studies, and spatial analysis), dualisms in geographic studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs. quantitative, idiographic vs. nomothetic)
• Paradigm shift, perspectives in geography (positivism, behaviouralism, humanism, structuralism, feminism, and postmodernism)

Geography: Unit 09

• Sources of geographic information and data (spatial and non-spatial), types of maps, techniques of map making (choropleth, isarithmic, dasymetric, chorochromatic, flow maps), data representation on maps pie diagrams, bar diagrams, and line graph
• GIS database (raster and vector data formats and attribute data formats)
• Functions of GIS (conversion, editing, and analysis), digital elevation model (DEM), georeferencing (coordinate system and map projections and datum), GIS applications (thematic cartography, spatial decision support system)
• Basics of remote sensing (electromagnetic spectrum, sensors, and platforms, resolution, and types, elements of air photo and satellite image interpretation and photogrammetry), types of aerial photographs
• Digital image processing: Developments in remote sensing technology and big data sharing and its applications in natural resources management in India, GPS components (space, ground control, and receiver segments) and applications
• Applications of measures of central tendency, dispersion and inequalities, sampling, sampling procedure, and hypothesis testing (chi square test, t-test, ANOVA), time series analysis, correlation, and regression analysis, measurement of indices
• Making indicators scale free, computation of composite index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, morphometric analysis: Ordering of streams, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, and drainage frequency
• Basin circularity ratio and form factor, profiles, slope analysis, clinographic curve, hypsographic curve, and altimetric frequency graph

Geography: Unit 10

• Major physiographic regions and their characteristics; drainage system (himalayan and peninsular), climate: Seasonal weather characteristics, climatic divisions, Indian monsoon (mechanism and characteristics), jet streams, and himalayan cryosphere
• Types and distribution of natural resources: Soil, vegetation, water, mineral, and marine resources
• Population characteristics (spatial patterns of distribution), growth and composition (rural-urban, age, sex, occupational, educational, ethnic, and religious), determinants of population, population policies in India
• Agriculture (production, productivity and yield of major food crops), major crop regions, regional variations in agricultural development, environmental, technological, and institutional factors affecting Indian agriculture; agro-climatic zone
• Green revolution, food security, and right to food
• Industrial development since independence, industrial regions, and their characteristics, industrial policies in India
• Development and patterns of transport networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways, and pipelines), internal and external trade (trend, composition, and directions), regional development planning in India
• Globalization and its impact on Indian economy, natural disasters in India (earthquake, drought, flood, cyclone, tsunami, Himalayan highland hazards, and disasters)

History: Unit 01

• Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, and numismatics
• Dating of archaeological sites
• Literary sources: Indigenous literature-primary and secondary, problem of dating religious and secular literature, myths, legends, etc
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arabic
• Pastoralism and food production: Neolithic and chalcolithic phase-settlement, distribution, tools, and patterns of exchange
• Indus/ Harappa civilization: Origin, extent, major sites, settlement pattern, craft specialization, religion, society and polity, decline of Indus civilization, internal and external trade, first urbanization in India
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Aryan debates, political and social institutions, state structure and theories of state; emergence of varnas and social stratification, religious and philosophical ideas. Introduction of iron technology
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Megaliths of south India
• Expansion of state system: Mahajanapadas, monarchical and republican states, economic and social developments and emergence of second urbanization in 6th century BCE; emergence of heterodox sects-Jainism, Buddhism, and Ajivikas

History: Unit 02

• Rise of Magadha, Greek invasion under Alexander and its effects, Mauryan expansion, Mauryan polity, society, economy, Ashoka’s Dhamma and its nature, decline, and disintegration of the Mauryan Empire, Mauryan art, and architecture
• Ashokan edicts: Language and script
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Indo-Greeks, Sungas, Satavahanas, Kushans and Saka-Kshatrapas, Sangam literature, polity and society in south India as reflected in Sangam literature
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Trade and commerce from 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE, trade with the roman world, emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, Kharavela, and Jainism, post-Mauryan art and architecture
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Gandhara, Mathura, and Amravati schools
• Gupta Vakataka age: Polity and society, agrarian economy, land grants, land revenue, and land rights, Gupta coins, beginning of temple architecture, emergence of puranic Hinduism, development of Sanskrit language and literature
• Gupta Vakataka age: Developments in science technology, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine
• Harsha and his times: Administration and religion
• Salankayanas and Vishnukundins in Andhra Desa

History: Unit 03

• Kingdoms in Deccan: Gangas, Kadambas, western and eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Kalyani Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Yadavas
• Kingdoms in south India: Pallavas, Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas
• Kingdoms in eastern India: Palas and senas of Bengal, Varmans of Kamarupa, Bhaumakaras, and Somavamsis of Odisha
• Kingdoms in western India: Maitrakas of Vallabhi and Chalukyas of Gujarat
• Kingdoms in North India: Gurjara-Pratiharas, Kalachuri-Chedis, Gahadavalas, and Paramaras
• Characteristics of early medieval India: Administration and political structure legitimation of kingship. Agrarian economy; land grants, changing production relations; graded land rights and peasantry, water resources, taxation system
• Characteristics of early medieval India: Coins and currency system
• Trade and urbanization: Patterns of trade, and urban settlements, ports and trade routes, merchandise and exchange, trade guilds; trade and colonization in southeast Asia
• Growth of Brahmanical religions: Vaishnavism and Shaivism; temples; patronage and regional ramification; temple architecture and regional styles. Dana, tirtha, and bhakti, Tamil bhakti movement-Shankara, Madhava, and Ramanujacharya
• Society: Varna, jati and proliferation of castes, position of women; gender, marriage, and property relations; women in public life. Tribes as peasants and their place in Varna order. Untouchability
• Education and educational institutions: Agraharas, Mathas, and Mahaviharas as centers of education. Growth of regional languages
• Debates of state formation in early medieval India: Feudal model; segmentary model; integrative model
• Arab contracts: Suleiman Ghaznavid conquests. Alberuni’s accounts

History: Unit 04

• Archaeological, epigraphic, and numismatic sources, material evidences and monuments; chronicles; literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages; daftar khannas: Firmans, Bahis/ Pothys/ Akhbarat; foreign travellers’ accounts-Persian and Arabic
• Political developments: The Delhi Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids, and the Lodis. Decline of Delhi sultanate
• Foundation of the Mughal empire: Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion and consolidation from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire
• Later mughals and disintegration of the mughal empire
• The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-Deccan sultanate; Bijapur, Golkonda, Bidar, Berar, and Ahmednagar-rise, expansion, and disintegration; eastern Gangas and Suryavamsi Gajapatis
• Rise of the Marathas and the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its expansion under the Peshwas; Mughal-Maratha relations, Maratha confederacy, causes of decline

History: Unit 05

• Administration under the sultanate, nature of state-theocratic and the centric, central, provincial and local administration, law of succession
• Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal administration-central, provincial, and local: Mansabdari and Jagirdari systems
• Administrative system in the Deccan-the Vijayanagara state and polity, Bahamani administrative system; Maratha administration asta pradhan
• Frontier policies under Delhi sultanate and Mughals
• Inter-state relations during the sultanate and the Mughals
• Agricultural production and irrigation system, village economy, peasantry, grants, and agricultural loans, urbanization, and demographic structure
• Industries-Cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, and technology
• Trade and commerce-state policies, internal and external trade: European trade, trade centers, and ports, transport and communication
• Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance, state income and expenditure, currency, mint system; famines and peasant revolts

History: Unit 06

• Social organization and social structure
• The Sufis-their orders, beliefs, and practices, the leading Sufi saints, social synchronization
• Bhakti movement-Shaivism; Vaishnavism, Shaktism
• The saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on socio political and religious life-women saints of medieval India
• The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev: His teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
• Social classification: Ruling class, major religious groups, the ulemas, the mercantile, and professional classes-rajput society
• Rural society: Petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators, and non-cultivating classes, artisans
• Position of women: Zanana system, Devadasi system
• Development of education centers of education and curriculum, Madrasa education
• Fine arts-major schools of painting-Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari, Garhwali; development of music
• Art and architecture, Indo-Islamic architecture, Mughal architecture, regional styles
• Indo-Arabic architecture, Mughal gardens, Maratha forts, shrines, and temples

History: Unit 07

• Archival materials, biographies, and memoirs, newspapers, oral evidence, creative literature, and painting, monuments, coins
• Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 16th to 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French, and the British
• Establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
• British relations with principal Indian states-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Carnatic, and Punjab
• Revolt of 1857, causes, nature, and impact
• Administration of the company and the crown; evolution of central and provincial structure under east India company
• Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police and the army under the company; British policy and paramountcy in the princely states under the crown
• Local self-government
• Constitutional changes, 1909-1935

History: Unit 08

• Changing composition, volume, and direction of trade
• Expansion and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour, irrigation, and canal system
• Decline of industries-changing socioeconomic conditions of artisans; DE-urbanization; economic drain; world wars and economy
• British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements
• Monetary policy, banking, currency, and exchange, railways and road transport, communications-post and telegraph
• Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture, urban society and urban problems
• Famines, epidemics, and the government policy
• Tribal and peasant movements
• Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions and missionaries; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities
• The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language; development of science, technology, public health and medicine-towards modernism
• Indian renaissance-socio religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility
• Women’s question-nationalist discourse; women’s organizations; British legislation concerning women, gender identity and constitutional position
• The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
• Modernization of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music, and performing arts

History: Unit 09

• Social and economic basis of nationalism
• Birth of Indian national congress: Ideologies and programmes of the Indian national congress, 1885-1920: Early nationalists, assertive nationalists, and revolutionaries
• Swadeshi and Swaraj
• Gandhian mass movements; Subhas Chandra Bose and INA; role of middle class in national movement; women participation in national movement
• Left wing politics
• Depressed class movement
• Communal politics; muslim league and genesis of Pakistan
• Towards independence and partition
• India after independence: Challenges of partition; integration of the Indian princely states; Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh
• B.R. Ambedkar-The making of the Indian constitution, its features
• The structure of bureaucracy
• New education policy
• Economic policies and the planning process; development, displacement, and tribal issues
• Linguistic reorganization of states; centre-state relations
• Foreign policy initiatives-Panchsheel; dynamics of Indian politics-emergency; liberalization, privatization, and globalization of Indian economy

History: Unit 10

• Scope and importance of history, objectivity, and bias in history, heuristics operation, criticism in history, synthesis, and presentation, history and its auxiliary sciences, history a science, arts or a social science
• Causation and imagination in history, significance of regional history, recent trends of Indian history, research methodology, hypothesis in history, area of proposed research, sources-data collection, primary/ secondary, original, and transit sources
• Trends in historical research, recent Indian historiography, selection of topic in history, notes taking, references, footnotes, and bibliography, thesis and assignment writing, plagiarism, intellectual dishonesty, and history writing
• Beginnings of historical writings-Greek, Roman, and Church historiography, renaissance, and its impact on history writing, negative and positive schools of historical writing, Berlin revolution in history writing-Von Ranke
• Marxist philosophy of history-scientific materialism, cyclical theory of history-Oswald Spengler, challenge and response theory-Arnold Joseph Toynbee, postmodernism in history

Home science: Unit 01

• Food science and nutrition
• properties of food-physical and chemical properties, quality evaluation of foods-objectives and subjective
• Effects of cooking and processing techniques on nutritional components, and other physical parameters, food preservation and application
• Food pigments and additives
• Food standards, microbiological safety of food, HACCP, food packaging
• Perspectives of food service-menu planning, food cost analysis
• New product development-nanotechnology, food service management of institutional level-hospital, educational institutions, social and special institutions, research methods-fundamental issues, concept, need relevance, scope, and ethics in research

Home science: Unit 02

• Food groups-balanced diet, food pyramid, macro and micro nutrition
• Nutrients-role of nutrients in the body, nutrient deficiencies and requirements for Indians
• Public health nutrition, nutrition through life span-physiological changes, growth and development from conception to adolescence, nutritional needs and dietary guidelines for adequate nutrition through life cycle, nutrition concerns
• Community nutrition, sports nutrition, nutrition in emergencies and disasters
• Nutritional assessment-methods and techniques
• Nutritional intervention-national nutrition policies and programmes, food and nutrition security
• Clinical and therapeutic nutrition
• Diet counseling and management
• Research methods-research designs, principles, and purpose of research

Home science: Unit 03

• Textile terminologies-fiber, yarn, weave, fabric, etc, classification of fibers, yarns and weaves, identification of fibers and weaves
• Manufacturing process of major natural and manmade fibers, properties, and their end uses
• Different methods of fabric construction-woven, knitted and non woven fabrics, their properties, and end uses
• Textiles finishes-classification, processing, and purposes of finishes
• Dyeing and printing-classification, method of block printing, tie and dye, batik, roller printing, screen printing, discharge, heat transfer printing and digitized printing
• Traditional textiles of India-embroidered textiles, printed textiles, woven textiles, dyed textiles of various regions in India
• Identification on the basis of fiber content, technique, motif, colour, and designed
• Textile testing and quality control-need of testing, sampling method, techniques of testing fibers, yarn, fabrics and garments
• Testing of colour-fastness, shrinkage, pilling, and GSM of fabrics
• Textile and environment-banned dyes, eco-friendly textiles, contamination and effluent treatment, eco-label and eco marks
• Recent developments in textiles and apparels-nano textiles, technical textiles, occupational clothing, zero waste designing, upcycling and recycling
• Research methods-types of research, descriptive, survey, historical, qualitative, quantitative, analytical and action research

Home science: Unit 04

• Body measurements-procedure, need, figure types and anthropometry
• Equipments and tools used for manufacturing garments-advancements and attachments used for sewing machine
• Types of machines used and their parts
• Elements and principles of design and its application to apparel
• Illustrations and parts of garments
• Fashion-terminologies, fashion cycle, fashion theories, fashion adoption, fashion forecasting and factors affecting fashion
• Pattern making-drafting, draping and flat pattern making techniques, pattern alteration and dart manipulation techniques
• Apparel manufacturing-terminology used, seams, techniques, and machines used, process of fabric to apparel manufacture
• Apparel quality testing-quality standards and specification, quality parameters and defects of fabrics, and garments
• Care and maintenance of clothing-principles of washing, laundry agents, storage techniques case labels and symbols
• Selection of clothing for different age groups
• Selection of fabrics for different and uses
• Research methods-hypothesis testing, types, and scope

Home science: Unit 05

• Management-concept, approaches, management of time, energy, money, space, motivating factors, motivation theories, decision making
• Functions of management-planning, supervision, controlling, organizing, evaluation, family life cycle-stages, availability and use of resources
• Resources-classification, characteristics, factors affecting use, resource conservation, time management, work simplification techniques, classes of change, fatigue and its management
• Management of natural resources-land, forest, water, air, water harvesting, municipal solid waste management, concept of sustainable development, SDGs
• Money management-family income, types, supplementation, budgeting, household accounts, family savings and investment, tax implications
• Human resource management-functions, need, human resource development challenges, functions, manpower planning, training need assessment, training methodologies, training evaluation
• Consumer-definition, role, rights and responsibilities, consumer behaviour, consumer problems, education and empowerment
• Consumer protection-consumer organization, cooperatives, alternative redressal, standardization, standard marks, quality control, buying aids, consumer legislation
• Entrepreneurship-concept, process, barriers, entrepreneurial motivation, challenges, enterprise setting, project planning and appraisal, enterprise management
• Research methods-sampling techniques, types of sampling, sampling procedures, probability and non probability sampling

Home science: Unit 06

• Design fundamentals-elements of art, principles of design, principles of composition
• Colour-dimensions of colour, psychological effects of colour, colour schemes, factors affecting use of colour
• Space planning and design-housing need and important, principles of planning spaces, types of house plans, economy in construction, planning for different income groups
• Building regulations-norms and standards, zoning, housing for special groups and areas, housing finance
• Housing and environment-building materials-impact on environment, green rating systems, energy efficiency in buildings, energy auditing, indices of indoor comfort
• Energy as a resource-conventional and non-conventional sources, renewable/ nonrenewable energy, energy management, national efforts on energy conservation
• Product design-design thinking process, diffusion and innovation, design communication, ergonomic considerations
• Ergonomics-significance, scope, anthropometry, man, machine, environment relationship, factors affecting physiological cost of work, body mechanics, functional design of workplace, time and motion study, energy studies
• Furniture and furnishing-historical perspectives, architectural styles, contemporary tends, wall finishes, window and window treatments
• Research methods-selection and preparation of tools for data collection questionnaire, interview, observation, measuring scales, ranking and measurement, reliability and validity of tools

Home science: Unit 07

• Principles of growth and development, care during pregnancy, and pre-natal and neonatal development
• Theories of human development and behaviour
• Early childhood care and education-activities to promote holistic development
• Influence of family, peers, school, community, and culture on personality development
• Children and persons with special needs, care and support, special education, prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation
• Children at risk-child labour, street children, children of destitute, orphans, child abuse and trafficking
• Adolescence and youth: Changes, challenges, and programs to promote optimal development
• Adulthood, characteristics, changing roles, and responsibilities in early and middle adulthood
• Aging-physical and psychological changes and care needs
• Research methods-types of variables and their selection

Home science: Unit 08

• Dynamics of marriage and family relationships
• Family welfare-approaches, programmes, and challenges, role in national development
• Domestic violence, marital disharmony, conflict, resolution of conflict
• Parent education, positive parenting, community education
• Family disorganization, single parent families
• Family studies-family in crisis, family therapy, initiatives for child development
• Human rights, rights of children, rights of women, status of women, gender roles
• Guidance and counseling-across lifespan and for caregivers
• Health and well being across life span development
• Research methods-data collection and classification, coding, tabulation, inferential and descriptive statistics

Home science: Unit 09

• Basics of communication-nature, characteristics, functions, process, models, elements, principles, barriers, perception, persuasion, and empathy, types of communication, levels (settings) of communication transactions, process of listening
• Communication systems and communication theories-human interaction theories, mass communication theories, message design theories, communication systems, culture, and communication
• Concept of development-theories, models, measurement, and indicators of development
• Concept of development-communication models and approaches, diffusion and innovation, mass media, social marketing
• Role of communication in development-need and importance, development journalism, writing for development-print, radio, television, and internet
• Concerns of development communication-gender, health, environment, sustainability, human rights, population, literacy, rural and tribal development
• Advocacy and behaviour change communication-concept, theories, models, approaches, application and challenges
• Traditional, modern and new media for development-folk forms of songs, art, dance, theatre, puppetry, advertisement, cinema, ICTs for development-community radio, participatory video, social media and mobile phones
• Organization/ agencies/ institutes working for development communication international/ national/ state and local
• Research methods-analysis of data through parametric and non parametric tests

Home science: Unit 10

• Historical perspectives of extension-genesis of extension education and extension systems in India and other countries, objectives of extension education and extension service, philosophy and principles of extension programme development
• Programme management-need assessment, situation analysis, planning, organization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
• Extension methods and materials-interpersonal, small and large group methods, audio visual aids-need, importance, planning, classification, preparation, and field testing, use and evaluation of audio visual materials
• Curriculum development and planning for extension education and development activities, Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives and learning
• Non-Formal, adult and lifelong education-historical perspectives, concept, theories, approaches, scope, methods and materials used, challenges of implementation and evaluation, issues to be addressed
• Training, skill development and capacity building for human resource development methods of training, entrepreneurship development
• Community development-perspectives, approaches, community organization, leadership, support structures for community development, Panchayati Raj institutions, NGOs and community based organizations
• People’s participation and stakeholders’ perspectives, Participatory Learning and Action-methods and techniques
• Development programmes in India for urban, rural, and tribal population groups-programmes for nutrition, health, education, wage and self employment, women’s development, skill development, sanitation and infrastructure
• Research methods-scientific report writing, presentation of data, interpretation, and discussion

Law: Unit 01

• Nature and sources of law, schools of jurisprudence, law and morality, concept of rights and duties, legal personality, concepts of property, ownership, and possession, concept of liability, law, poverty, and development, global justice
• Modernism and postmodernism

Law: Unit 02

• Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy
• Union and state executive, and their interrelationship, union and state legislature and distribution of legislative powers, judiciary, emergency provisions, temporary, transitional, and special provisions in respect of certain states
• Election commission of India, nature, scope, and importance of administrative law, principle of natural justice, judicial review of administrative actions-grounds

Law: Unit 03

• International law-definition, nature, and basis, sources of international law, recognition of states and governments, nationality, immigrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons (IDPs), extradition and asylum, united nations and its organs
• Settlement of international disputes, world trade organization (WTO), international humanitarian law (IHL)-conventions and protocols, implementation of IHL-challenges

Law: Unit 04

• General principles of criminal liability-actus reus and mens rea, individual and group liability and constructive liability, stages of crime and inchoate crimes-abetment, criminal conspiracy, and attempt, general exceptions, offences against human body
• Offences against state and terrorism, Offences against property, Offences against women and children, Drug trafficking and counterfeiting, Offences against public tranquility, Theories and kinds of punishments, compensation to the victims of crime

Law: Unit 05

• Nature and definition of tort, general principles of tortious liability, general defenses, specific torts-negligence, nuisance, trespass, and defamation, remoteness of damages, strict and absolute liability, tortious liability of the state
• The consumer protection act 1986-definitions, consumer rights, and redressal mechanism, the motor vehicles act, 1988-no fault liability, third party insurance, and claims tribunal
• The competition act, 2002-prohibition of certain agreements, abuse of dominant position and regulation of combinations

Law: Unit 06

• Essential elements of contract and e-contract, breach of contract, frustration of contract, void and voidable agreements, standard form of contract and quasi-contract, specific contracts-bailment, pledge, indemnity, guarantee, and agency
• Sale of goods act, 1930, partnership and limited liability partnership, negotiable instruments act, 1881, company law-incorporation of a company, prospectus, shares, and debentures, company law-directors and meetings, corporate social responsibility

Law: Unit 07

• Sources and schools, marriage and dissolution of marriage, matrimonial remedies-divorce and theories of divorce, changing dimensions of institution of marriage-live-in relationship, recognition of foreign decrees in India on marriage and divorce
• Maintenance, dower, and stridhan, adoption, guardianship, and acknowledgement, succession and inheritance, will, gift, and wakf, uniform civil code

Law: Unit 08

• Meaning and concept of ‘environment’ and ‘environmental pollution’, International environmental law and UN Conferences, Constitutional and legal framework for protection of environment in India
• Environmental Impact Assessment and control of hazardous waste in India, National Green Tribunal, Concept and development of human rights, Universalism and cultural relativism, International Bill of Rights
• Group rights-women, children, persons with disabilities, elderly persons, minorities and weaker sections
• Protection and enforcement of human rights in India-national human rights commission, national commission for minorities, national commission for women, national commission for scheduled castes
• National commission for scheduled tribes and national commission for backward classes

Law: Unit 09

• Concept and meaning of intellectual property, theories of intellectual property, international conventions pertaining to intellectual properties, copyright and neighboring rights-subject matters, limitations, and exceptions, infringement and remedies
• Law of patent-patentability, procedure for grant of patent, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies, law of trademark-registration of trademarks, kinds of trademarks, infringement and passing off, remedies
• Protection of geographical indications, biodiversity and traditional knowledge, information technology law-digital signature and electronic signature, electronic governance, electronic records and duties of subscribers
• Cyber crimes, penalties, and adjudication

Law: Unit 10

• Comparative law-relevance, methodology, problems, and concerns in comparison, forms of governments-presidential and parliamentary, unitary, and federal, models of federalism-USA, Canada, and India, rule of law-‘formal’ and ‘substantive’ versions
• Separation of powers-India, UK, USA, and France, independence of judiciary, judicial activism, and accountability-India, UK and USA, systems of constitutional review-India, USA, Switzerland, and France
• Amendment of the constitution-India, USA, and South Africa, ombudsman-Sweden, UK, and India, open government and right to information-USA, UK, and India

Library and information science: Unit 01

• Information life cycle-generation, collection, storage, and dissemination
• Role of information in planning, management, socioeconomic, cultural, educational, and technological development
• Information science-relationship with other subjects, information society, and knowledge society
• Communication-concept, types, theories, models, channels, and barriers; trends in scholarly communication
• Information industry-generators, providers, and intermediaries
• IPR and legal issues-categories, conventions, treaties, laws
• Plagiarism-concept and types
• Right to information act (RTI); information technology act
• National knowledge commission; national mission on libraries

Library and information science: Unit 02

• Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India
• Types of libraries-academic, public, special and national
• Library legislation and library acts in Indian states; the press and registration of books act; the delivery of books and newspapers (public libraries) act
• Laws of library science
• Library and information science profession-librarianship as a profession, professional skills, and competences; professional ethics
• Professional associations-national-ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS; international-IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ASLIB, SLA; ROLE of UGC, RRRLF, and UNESCO in promotion and development of libraries
• Library and information science education in india
• Library public relations and extension activities
• Type of users-user studies, user education
• Information literacy-areas, standards, types, and models; trends in information literacy

Library and information science: Unit 03

• Sources of information-primary, secondary, and tertiary; documentary and non-documentary
• Primary information sources (print and electronic)-journals, conference proceedings, patents, standards, theses, and dissertations, trade literature
• Secondary information sources (print and electronic)-dictionaries, encyclopedias, bibliographies, indexing and abstracting, statistical sources, handbooks and manuals
• Tertiary information sources (print and electronic)-directories, yearbooks, almanacs
• Reference sources-bibliographical, biographical, educational, language and geographical
• Electronic information resources-subject gateways, web portals, bulletin boards, discussion forums/ groups
• Databases: Bibliographic, numeric, full text, multimedia; open access databases
• Institutional and human resources
• Evaluation of reference sources and web resources

Library and information science: Unit 04

• Reference service-concept and types; referral services, alerting services-CAS, SDI, inter library loan and document delivery
• Mobile based library services and tools-mobile OPAC, mobile databases, mobile library website, library apps, mobile library instructions, augmented reality, SMS alerts, geolocation, reference enquiry
• Web 2.0 and 3.0-library 2.0-concept, characteristics, components; instant messaging, RSS feeds, podcasts, vodcasts, ask a librarian, collaborative services-social networks, academics social networks, social tagging, social bookmarking
• Web-scale discovery services, national information systems and networks: NISCAIR, DESIDOC, SENDOC, ENVIS, INFLIBNET, DELNET, NICNET, ERNET, national knowledge network (NKN), biotechnology information system network
• International information systems and networks: INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, MEDLARS, BIOSIS, ERIC, patent information system (PIS), biotechnology information system (BIS)
• Library resource sharing and library consortia-national and international

Library and information science: Unit 05

• Modes of formation of subjects
• Knowledge organization-classification, theories, Cannons, and principles; simple knowledge organization system (SKOS), taxonomies, folksonomy, trends in classification
• Mapping of subjects in library classification schemes-DDC, UDC, and CC
• Knowledge organization: Cataloguing-canons and principles; centralized and cooperative catalogue; library cataloguing codes: CCC and AACR-II
• Standards of bibliographic record formats and description-ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR, BIBFRAME
• Standards for bibliographic information interchange and communication-ISO 2709, Z39.50, Z39.71
• Metadata standards: Dublin Core; MARC21, METS, MODES, EAD
• Indexing systems and techniques: Assigned-pre-coordinate; post-coordinate; derived-title-based; vocabulary control
• Abstracting-types and guidelines
• Information retrieval system-features, components, models, and evaluation

Library and information science: Unit 06

• Library and information centers management-book selection tools and principles; library acquisition, technical processing, circulation, serial control, maintenance and stock verification; preservation and conservation
• Hazards and control measures of library materials
• Human resource management-planning, job analysis, job description, job evaluation, selection, recruitment, motivation, training and development, performance appraisal; staff manual
• Financial management in libraries-sources of finance, resource mobilization, budgeting methods; cost effective and cost benefit analysis, annual reports and statistics; library authority and committee
• Project management-SWOT, PEST, PERT/ CPM
• Total quality management (TQM)-concepts, principles and techniques, six sigma; evaluation of services of libraries and information centers
• Library building, furniture, and equipments; green library building; information commons; makerspace; security and safety
• Management Information System (MIS), MBO, Change Management, Disaster Management, Crisis Management
• Knowledge management-principles, tools, components, and architecture
• Marketing of library products and services-plan, research, strategies, mix, segmentation, pricing and advertising; management consultancy

Library and information science: Unit 07

• Character representation (ASCII, ISCII, UNICODE); computer hardware, software; storage devices; input and output devices
• Types of software-system software, application software
• Programming languages-object oriented, procedural, high level, scripting; web languages
• Telecommunication-transmission channels, mode, and media, ISDN, PSDN, multiplexing, modulation, standards and protocols
• Wireless communication-media, Wi-Fi, Li-Fi, satellite communication, mobile communication
• Computer networks-topologies, types of networks-LAN, MAN, WAN
• Internet-Web browsers, www, e-mail; search engines, meta and entity search engines
• Internet protocols and standards-HTTP, SHTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/ IP, URI, URL
• Hypertext, hypermedia, multimedia, video conferencing, virtual reality, augmented technologies
• Data security, network security, firewalls, cryptographic techniques, anti-virus software, anti-spyware, intrusion detection system

Library and information science: Unit 08

• Areas, planning, selection of hardware and software, implementation and evaluation; standards for library automation
• Barcode, RFID, QR Code, biometric, smartcard: features and applications
• Digitization-planning, selection of materials, hardware, software, process, issues
• Digital library: Genesis, characteristics, types, architecture; standards, formats, and protocols, DOI
• Digital preservation-need, purpose, standards, methods, techniques, projects (national and international)
• Digital library initiatives-national and international
• Institutional repositories-need, purpose, types and tools; institutional repositories in India; ROAR, DOAR, SHARPA-ROMIO
• Content management systems-architecture, data integration, CMS software-selection, implementation, and evaluation
• Application of artificial intelligence, expert systems, and robotics in libraries; social mobile analytics cloud (SMAC); cloud computing
• Ontology-tools (RDF, RDFS, POTEGE); semantic web, linked data, big data, data mining, data harvesting

Library and information science: Unit 09

• Types of research-basic and applied, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary
• Research methods: Historical, descriptive, experimental, and delphi
• Research design-selection of research problem, review of literature; formulation of research problem; hypothesis-formulation, types and testing; sampling techniques
• Methods of data collection: Questionnaire, interview, observation, library records, scales and checklist
• Data analysis and interpretation-presentation of data; statistical methods/ techniques
• Statistical packages-spreadsheet, SPSS, Bibexcel, ‘r’ statistics
• Research report writing and citation tools-structure, style, contents, guidelines; style manuals; online citation tools; reference style management tools; anti plagiarism tools; evaluation of research report
• Metric studies in LIS-bibliometrics, scientometric, webometrics, altmetrics; impact factors-journal, institutional and authors; h-index, g-index, i10 index
• Trends in library and information science research

Library and information science: Unit 10

• Public library and information system
• Special library and information system
• Health science library and information system
• Corporate library and information system
• Agricultural library and information system
• Engineering and technological library and information system
• Archive, museums, and oriental libraries
• Community information system
• Information services and system for persons with disability, children, and women

Life sciences: Unit 01

• Structure and function of cells and intracellular organelles (of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes), Mechanism of cell division including (mitosis and meiosis) and cell differentiation
• Cell-cell interaction: Malignant growth; immune response dosage compensation and mechanism of sex determination

Life sciences: Unit 02

• Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds; principles of physical chemistry; thermodynamics, kinetics, dissociation and association constants; nucleic acid structure, genetic code, replication, transcription and translation, structure
• Function, and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, enzymes and coenzyme; respiration and photosynthesis

Life sciences: Unit 03

• Response to stress, active transport across membranes; plant and animal hormones; nutrition (including vitamins); reproduction in plants, microbes, and animals

Life sciences: Unit 04

• Principles of Mendelian inheritance, chromosome structure and function; gene structure and regulation of gene expression; linkage and genetic mapping; extrachromosomal inheritance (episomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts); mutation; DNA damage and repair
• Chromosome aberrations; transposons; sex-linked inheritance and genetic disorders; somatic cell genetics; genome organization (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

Life sciences: Unit 05

• Origin of life (including aspects of prebiotic environment and molecular evolution); concepts of evolution; theories of organic evolution; mechanisms of speciation; Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, genetic polymorphism and selection
• Origin and evolution of economically important microbes; plants and animals

Life sciences: Unit 06

• Concept and dynamics of ecosystem, components, food chain and energy flow; productivity and biogeochemical cycles; types of ecosystems, population ecology and biological control; community structure and organization; environmental pollution
• Sustainable development; economic importance of microbes, plants, and animals

Life sciences: Unit 07

• Species concept; biological nomenclature, theories of biological classification, structural biochemical and classification, structural biochemical and molecular systematics; DNA fingerprinting, numerical taxonomy, biodiversity, characterization
• Generation, magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value, wildlife biology, conservation strategies, cryopreservation

Life sciences: Unit 08

• Taxonomic structure, biosystematics, plant geography, floristics

Life sciences: Unit 09

• Broad outlines of classification phytes and pteridophytes; principles of palaeobotany; economic importance of algae, fungi, and lichens

Life sciences: Unit 10

• Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of development; differentiation and morphogenesis

Life sciences: Unit 11

• Breeding systems, pollination biology, structural and functional aspects of pollen and pistil, male sterility, self and interspecific incompatibility, fertilization, embryo and seed development

Life sciences: Unit 12

• Centers of origin and gene diversity, botany, utilization, cultivation, and improvement of plants for food, drug, fiber and industrial values, unexploited plants of potential economic value, plants as a source of renewable energy
• Genetic resources and their conservation

Life sciences: Unit 13

• Mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and photorespiration; nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur metabolism; stomatal physiology; source and sink relationship

Life sciences: Unit 14

• Hormonal regulation of growth and development; photoregulation: Growth responses, physiology of flowering: Senescence

Life sciences: Unit 15

• Important conventional methods of breeding self and cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops; non-conventional methods; polyploidy; genetic variability; plant diseases and defensive mechanisms

Life sciences: Unit 16

• Classification and interrelationship amongst the major invertebrate phyla; minor invertebrate phyla, functional anatomy of the non-chordates; larval forms and their evolutionary significance

Life sciences: Unit 17

• Origin, evolution, and distribution of chordate groups: Adaptive radiation

Life sciences: Unit 18

• Nutrition, digestion and absorption; circulation (open and closed circular, lymphatic systems, blood composition and function); muscular contraction and electric organs
• Excretion and osmoregulation: Nerve conduction and neurotransmitter: Major sense organs and receptors; homeostasis (neural and hormonal); bioluminescence; reproduction

Life sciences: Unit 19

• Molecular events during fertilization, cleavage patterns and fate maps, concepts of determination, competence and induction, totipotency and nuclear transfer experiments
• Cell differentiation and differential gene activity
• Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm, role of maternal contributions in early embryonic development; genetic regulation of early embryonic development in drosophila, homeotic genes

Life sciences: Unit 20

• Parental care; circadian rhythms; mimicry; migration of fishes and birds; sociobiology; physiological adaptation at high altitude

Life sciences: Unit 21

• Life cycle and biology of plasmodium, trypanosoma, ascaris, wuchereria, fasciola, schistosoma and leishmania; molecular, cellular, and physiological basis of host-parasite interactions

Life sciences: Unit 22

• Mode of transmission of pathogens by vectors; chemical, biological, and environmental control of anthropoid vectors; biology and control of chief insect pests of agricultural importance; plant host-insect interaction, insect-pest management
• Useful insects: Silkworm

Life sciences: Unit 23

• Numerical and structural changes in chromosomes; molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutation and their role in evolution; environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing; population genetics

Life sciences: Unit 24

• Membrane structure and function; intracellular compartments, protein sorting, secretory and endocytic pathways; cytoskeleton; nucleus; mitochondria and chloroplasts and their genetic organization; cell cycle; structure and organization of chromatin
• Polytene and Lampbrush chromosomes, dosage compensation and sex determination and sex-linked inheritance

Life sciences: Unit 25

• Concept of habitat and ecological niches; limiting factors, energy flow, food chain, food web and trophic levels; ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession; NPC And S cycles in nature

Life sciences: Unit 26

• Stability and complexity of ecosystems; speciation and extinction; environmental impact assessment; principles of conservation; conservation strategies; sustainable development

Life sciences: Unit 27

• Kinds of aquatic habitats (freshwater and marine); distribution of and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota, productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation in different aquatic ecosystems
• Fish and fisheries of India with respect to the management of estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs; biology and ecology of reservoirs

Life sciences: Unit 28

• Mycoplasma protozoa and yeast (a general accounts)

Life sciences: Unit 29

• Antibiotics, organic acids and vitamins; microbes in decomposition and recycling processes; symbiotic and asymbiotic N2-fixation; microbiology of water, air, soil, and sewage: Microbes as pathological agents in plants, animals, and man
• General design and applications of a biofermenter, biofertilizer

Life sciences: Unit 30

• Structure and functions of different clauses of immunoglobulins; primary and secondary immune response; lymphocytes and accessory cells; humoral and cell mediated immunity; MHC; mechanism of immune response and generation of immunological diversity
• Genetic control of immune response, effector mechanism; application of immunological techniques

Life sciences: Unit 31

• Regulation of enzymatic activity; active sites; coenzymes: Activators, and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes; ribozyme and abzyme

Life sciences: Unit 32

• Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions; primary structure of proteins and nucleic acids; conformation of proteins and polypeptides (secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and domain structure); reverse turns and ramachandran plot
• Structural polymorphism of DNA, RNA and three-dimensional structure of tRNA; structure carbohydrates, polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptidoglycans; helix-coil transition; energy terms in biopolymer conformational calculation

Life sciences: Unit 33

• Glycogen breakdown and synthesis; gluconeogenesis; interconversion of hexoses and pentoses; amino acid metabolism; coordinated control of metabolism; biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines; oxidation of lipids; biosynthesis of fatty acids; triglycerides
• Phospholipids; stereos

Life sciences: Unit 34

• Thermodynamic principles in biology; energy rich bonds; weak interactions; coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations; group transfers; biological energy transducers: Bioenergetics

Life sciences: Unit 35

• Eukaryotic genome organization (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA); DNA damage and repair, DNA replication, amplification, and rearrangements

Life sciences: Unit 36

• Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes; RNA processing (capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons); ribonucleoproteins, structure of mRNA, genetic code and protein synthesis

Life sciences: Unit 37

• Attenuation and antitermination; Operon concept; DNA methylation; heterochromatization; transposition; regulatory sequences and transcription factors; environmental regulation of gene expression

Life sciences: Unit 38

• Oncogenes; chemical carcinogenesis; genetic and metabolic disorders; hormonal imbalances; drug metabolism and detoxification; genetic load and genetic counselling

Life sciences: Unit 39

• Bacterial transformation; host cell restriction; transduction; complementation; molecular recombination; DNA ligases; topoisomerases; gyrases; methylases; nucleases; restriction endonucleases
• Plasmids and bacteriophage based vectors for DNA and genomic libraries

Life sciences: Unit 40

• Application in agriculture, health, and industry

Life sciences: Unit 41

• Primary culture; cell line; cell clones; callus cultures; somaclonal variation; micropropagation; somatic embryogenesis; haploidy; protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization; cybrids; gene transfer methods in plants and in animals; transgenic biology
• Allopheny; artificial seeds; hybridoma technology

Life sciences: Unit 42

• Glycoconjugates and proteins in membrane systems; ion transport/ Na/ KA/ pase; molecular basis of signal transduction in bacteria, plants, and animals; model membranes; liposomes

Life sciences: Unit 43

• Phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy; cytophotometry and flow cytometry, fixation and staining

Life sciences: Unit 44

• Ion-exchange and affinity chromatography; thin layer and gas chromatography; high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); electrophoresis and electro focussing, ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density)

Life sciences: Unit 45

• Sequencing of proteins and nucleic acids; southern, northern, and south-western blotting techniques, polymerase chain reaction; methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions

Life sciences: Unit 46

• X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/ CD visible, NMR and ESR spectroscopy; hydrodynamic methods, atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy

Life sciences: Unit 47

• Radiation dosimetry; radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes; effect of radiation on biological system; autoradiography; Cherenkov radiation; liquid scientifivation spectrometry

Life sciences: Unit 48

• Samples and populations; basic statistics-average, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of variation; standard error; confidence limits; probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, and normal); tests of statistical significance
• Simple correlation of regression; analysis of variance

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 01

• Concept of journalism and mass communication, mass communication in India
• History, growth, and development of print and electronic media
• Major landmarks in print and electronic media in Indian languages
• Media’s role in formulation of states of India
• Media criticism and media literacy, press council and press commissions of India, status of journalism and media education in India
• Media policies of the government of India since independence
• Models and theories of mass communication, normative theories, administrative, and critical traditions in communication, media and journalism studies, communication and theories of sociocultural, educational, and agricultural change
• Technological determinism, critique of Marshall McLuhan’s views on media and communication and Marxist approaches
• Information and knowledge societies
• Indian traditions and approaches to communication from the Vedic era to the 21st century
• Western and eastern philosophical, ethical and aesthetic perceptions of communication-Aristotle and Plato, Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic traditions
• Media and culture-framework for understanding culture in a globalised world
• Globalization with respect to politico-economic and socio-cultural developments in India

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 02

• Concept and definition of development communication, role of media and journalism in society, characteristics of Indian society-demographic and sociological impact of communication, media, and journalism
• Media and specific audiences
• Development and social change
• Issues and post-colonial conceptions
• Deconstruction of dominant paradigm of communication and development
• Responses and critique of dominant models
• Corporatization of development-corporate social responsibility, non-state actors in development, mass campaigns by NGOs, government of India, international agencies and corporates
• Paradigms and discourse of development communication
• Emergence of global civil societies, public sphere, global communication system-nation state-universal, national communication policies
• Leading influencers of social reform in India-Raja Rammohan Roy, Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Mahatma Gandhi, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, etc

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 03

• News-concepts, determinants (values), structure and perspectives
• Reporting for print, radio, television, and digital media
• Types of reporting
• National and international news agencies and feature syndicates, functions, and role
• Writing for print, electronic, and digital news media
• Translation and transcreation
• Editing and presentation techniques for print, television, and digital media
• Journalism as profession, reportage of contemporary issues, ethics of reporting
• Critique of western news values, effect of new technology on global communication flows
• Niche reporting

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 04

• Definition, concept, functions, types, evolution of advertising, standards, and ethics in advertising
• Theories and models of communication in advertising
• Brand management
• Advertising management-agency-role, structure and function, client-agency relationship, media planning, and budgeting
• Advertising and creativity, language, and translation
• Advertising campaign and marketing
• Advertising and marketing research

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 05

• Public relations and corporate communication-definition, concept, and scope
• Structure of PR in state, public, private, and non-government sectors
• Tools and techniques of pr and corporate communication
• Crisis communication and crisis communication management
• Ethics of public relations
• International public relations, communication audit

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 06

• Concept of law and ethics in India and rest of the world
• The constitution of India, historical evolution, relevance
• Concept of freedom of speech and expression in Indian Constitution
• Defamation, libel, slander-IPC 499-502, sedition IPC 124 (A), contempt of courts act, 1971, official secrets act, 1923, press and registration of books act, 1867
• Working journalists and other newspaper employees (conditions of service) and miscellaneous provisions act 1955, wage boards, law of obscenity (section 292-294 of IPC); the Miller test, the Hicklin test
• Indecent representation of women (prohibition) act, 1986, scheduled castes and tribes (prevention of atrocities) act, 1989, parliamentary privileges
• Famous cases involving journalists and news media organizations
• Right to information act, 2005, copyright act, 1957, intellectual property rights, cable television network (regulation) act, 1995, information technology act (relevant), 2000, and cyber laws, cinematograph act, 1952, film censorship
• Press council act as amended from time to time, IPR, ASCI, drugs, and magic remedies (objectionable advertisements) act, 1954, various regulatory bodies for print, TV, advertising, PR, and internet
• Rules, regulations, and guidelines for the media as recommended by press council of India, information and broadcasting ministry and other professional organizations, adversarial role of the media, human rights, and media

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 07

• Definition, concept of media management
• Grammar of electronic media
• Communication design theories and practice
• Media production techniques-print and electronic
• Digital media production techniques
• Economics and commerce of mass media in India
• Principles and management in media industry post liberalization

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 08

• ICT and media-definition, characteristics, and role
• Effect of computer mediated communication
• Impact of ICT on mass media
• Digitization
• Social networking
• Economics and commerce of web enabled media
• Mobile adoption and new generation telephony by media, ethics, and new media
• ICT in education and development in India, online media, and e-governance
• Animation-concepts and techniques

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 09

• Film and television theory
• Film and identity in Indian film studies, leading film directors of India before and after independence
• Indian cinema in the 21st century
• Approaches to analysis of Indian television
• Visual communication
• Visual analysis
• Basics of film language and aesthetics, the dominant film paradigm, evolution of Indian cinema-commercial and ‘non-commercial’ genres, the hindi film song, Indian aesthetics, and poetics (the theory of Rasa and Dhvani)
• National cinema movements: Soviet Montage cinema, German expressionist cinema, Italian Neorealist cinema, French new wave cinema, British new wave cinema, Indian new wave cinema, period cinema
• Cinema in the new millennium

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 10

• Definition, concept, constructs, and approaches to communication research process
• Research designs-types, structure, components, classical, experimental and quasi experimental, variables and hypotheses; types and methods of research; basic, applied, descriptive, analytical, historical, case study, longitudinal studies
• Research in journalism, public relations, advertising, cinema, animation and graphics, television, internet, social media practices, magazines, children’s media
• Communication, journalism, and media research in India
• Levels of measurement: Sampling-probability and non-probability, tests of validity and reliability, scaling techniques. Methods and tools of data collection-interviews, surveys, case studies, obtrusive and unobtrusive techniques, schedule, questionnaire
• Levels of measurement: Methods and tools of data collection-dairy, and internet based tools, media specific methods such as exit polls, opinion polls, telephone, SMS surveys and voting with regard to GEC (general entertainment content)
• Data analysis, testing, interpretation, application of statistical tests-parametric and nonparametric, tests of variance-univariate, bivariate and multivariate, tests of significance, computer mediated research
• Ethical considerations in communication, media and journalism research, writing research reports, plagiarism

Mathematical sciences: Unit 01

• Sequences and series, continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem, sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, Riemann integral-definition and simple properties
• Algebra of complex numbers, analytic functions, Cauchy's theorem and integral formula, power series, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residues, contour integration

Mathematical sciences: Unit 02

• Space of n-vectors, linear dependence, basic, linear transformation, algebra of matrices, rank of a matrix, determinants, linear equations, quadratic forms, characteristic roots and vectors

Mathematical sciences: Unit 03

• Sample space, discrete probability, simple theorems on probability, independence of events, Bayes’s theorem
• Discrete and continuous random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions; expectation and moments, independence of random variables, Chebyshev’s inequality

Mathematical sciences: Unit 04

• Convex sets, linear programming problem (LPP)
• Examples of LPP
• Hyper plane, open and closed half-spaces
• Feasible, basic feasible and optimal solutions
• Extreme point and graphical method

Mathematical sciences: Unit 05

• Finite, countable and uncountable sets, bounded and unbounded sets, Archimedean property, ordered field, completeness of R, extended real number system, limsup and limit of a sequence, the epsilon-delta definition of continuity and convergence
• The algebra of continuous functions, monotonic functions, types of discontinuities, infinite limits and limits at infinity, functions of bounded variation, elements of metric spaces
• Riemann integrable functions; improper integrals, their convergence, and uniform convergence
• Euclidean space R", Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, compact subsets of R", Heine-Borel theorem, Fourier series
• Continuity of functions on R”, differentiability of F: R">Rm, properties of differential, partial, and directional derivatives, continuously differentiable functions
• Taylor's series
• Inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem
• Integral functions, line and surface integrants, Green’s theorem, Stoke’s theorem

Mathematical sciences: Unit 06

• Riemann sphere and stereographic projection
• Lines, circles, cross ratio
• Mobius transformations, analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, line integrals, Cauchy's theorem, Morera's theorem, Liouville's theorem, integral formula, zero-sets of analytic functions, exponential, sine and cosine functions
• Power series representation, classification of singularities, conformal mapping
• Cauchy's theorem for convex regions, power series representation of analysis function
• Liouville's theorem, fundamental theorem of algebra, Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, maximum modulus principle, Schwarz Iemma, open mapping theorem, Casorati-Weierstrass-theorem, Weierstrass's theorem on uniform convergence on compact sets
• Bilinear transformations, multivalued analytic functions, Riemann surfaces

Mathematical sciences: Unit 07

• Group, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, Cayley's theorem, rings, ideals, integral domains, fields, polynomial rings
• Symmetric groups, alternating groups, simple groups, rings, maximal ideals, prime ideals, integral domains, Euclidean domains, principal ideal domains, unique factorization domains, quotient fields, finite fields, algebra of linear transformations
• Reduction of matrices to canonical forms, inner product spaces, orthogonality, quadratic forms, reduction of quadratic forms

Mathematical sciences: Unit 08

• Vector spaces, subspaces, quotient spaces, linear independence, bases, dimension
• The algebra of linear transformations, kernel, range, isomorphism, matrix representation of a linear transformation, change of bases, linear functionals, dual space, projection, determinant function, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Invariant subspaces, canonical forms; diagonal form, triangular form, Jordan form, inner product spaces

Mathematical sciences: Unit 09

• First order ODE, singular solutions initial value problems of first order ODE, general theory of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear ODE, variation of parameters, Lagrange's and Charpit's methods of solving first order partial differential equations
• PDE's of higher order with constant coefficients

Mathematical sciences: Unit 10

• Graphical representation, measures of central tendency and dispersion
• Bivariate data, correlation and regression, least squares-polynomial regression, applications of normal distribution

Mathematical sciences: Unit 11

• Axiomatic definition of probability
• Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments; independent events and independent random variables; Bayes’s theorem; marginal and conditional distribution in the multivariate case
• Covariance matrix and correlation coefficients (product moment, partial and multiple), regression
• Moment generating functions; characteristic functions; probability inequalities (Tehebyshef, Markov, Jensen)
• Convergence in probability and in distribution; weak law of large numbers and central limit theorem for independent identically distributed random variables with finite variance
• Sequences of events and random variables; zero-one laws of Borel and Kolmogorov
• Almost sure convergence, convergence in mean square, Khintchine's weak law of large numbers; Kolmogorov's inequality, strong law of large numbers
• Convergence of series of random variables, three-series criterion
• Central limit theorems of Lyapunov and Lindeberg-Feller
• Conditional expectation, martingales

Mathematical sciences: Unit 12

• Bernoulli, binomial, multinomial, hypergeometric, Poisson, geometric and negative binomial distributions, uniform, exponential, Cauchy, beta, gamma, and normal (univariate and multivariate) distributions transformations of random variables
• Sampling distributions, t, F, and chi-square distributions as sampling distributions, standard errors and large sample distributions
• Distribution of order statistics and range

Mathematical sciences: Unit 13

• Methods of estimation: Maximum likelihood method, method of moments, minimum chi-square method, least-squares method
• Unbiasedness, efficiency, consistency
• Cramer-rao inequality
• Sufficient, statistics
• Rao-blackwell theorem
• Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators
• Estimation by confidence intervals
• Tests of hypotheses: Simple and composite hypotheses, two types of errors, critical region, randomized test, power function, most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood-ratio tests
• Wald's sequential probability ratio test

Mathematical sciences: Unit 14

• Tests for mean and variance in the normal distribution: One-population and two-population cases; related confidence intervals
• Tests for product moment, partial and multiple correlation coefficients; comparison of K linear regressions
• Fitting polynomial regression; related test
• Analysis of discrete date: Chi-square test of goodness of fit, contingency tables
• Analysis of variance: One-way and two-way classification (equal number of observations per cell)
• Large sample tests through normal approximation
• Nonparametric tests: Sign test, median test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test for one and two-samples, rank correlation and test of independence

Mathematical sciences: Unit 15

• Definition and scope of operational research
• Different types of models
• Replacement models and sequencing theory, inventory problems and their analytical structure
• Simple deterministic of queueing system, different performance measures
• Steady state solution of Markovian queueing models: M/ M/ 1, M/ M/ 1 with limited waiting space M/ M/ C, M/ M/ C with limited waiting space

Mathematical sciences: Unit 16

• Linear Programming
• Simplex method, duality in linear programming
• Transformation and assignment problems
• Two person-zero sum games
• Equivalence of rectangular game and linear programming

Mathematical sciences: Unit 17

• Sampling techniques and estimation: Simple random sampling with and without replacement
• Stratified sampling; allocation problem; systematic sampling
• Two stage sampling
• Related estimation problems in the above cases

Mathematical sciences: Unit 18

• Basic principles of experimental design
• Randomization structure and analysis of completely randomized, randomized blocks and Latin-square designs
• Factorial experiments
• Analysis of 2n factorial experiments in randomized blocks
• Factorial experiments, confounding and fractional replication
• Split and strip plot designs; Quasi-Latin square designs; Youden square
• Design for study of response surfaces; first and second order designs
• Incomplete block designs; balanced, connectedness and orthogonality, BIBD with recovery of inter-block information; PBIBD with 2 associate classes
• Analysis of series of experiments, estimation of residual effects
• Construction of orthogonal-Latin squares, BIB designs, and confounded factorial designs
• Optimality criteria for experimental designs

Mathematical sciences: Unit 19

• Elements of metric spaces, convergence, continuity, compactness, connectedness, Weierstrass's approximation theorem, completeness, Baire category theorem, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral, differentiation and integration

Mathematical sciences: Unit 20

• Conjugate elements and class equations of finite groups, Sylow theorems, solvable groups, Jordan Holder theorem, direct products, structure theorem for finite Aeolian groups, chain conditions on rings; characteristic of field, field extensions
• Elements of Galois theory, solvability by radicals, ruler, and compass construction

Mathematical sciences: Unit 21

• Banach spaces Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping and closed graph theorems
• Principal of uniform boundedness, boundedness and continuity of linear transformations
• Dual space, embedding in the second dual, Hilbert spaces, projections
• Orthonormal basis, Riesz-representation theorem, Bessel's inequality, Parseval's identity, self adjoint operators, normal operators

Mathematical sciences: Unit 22

• Elements of Topological Spaces, Continuity, convergence, Homeomorphism, Compactness, Connectedness, Separation Axioms, First and Second Countability, Separability, Subspaces, Product Spaces, quotient spaces
• Tychonoff's theorem, Urysohn's metrization theorem, homotopy and fundamental group

Mathematical sciences: Unit 23

• Partially ordered sets, lattices, complete lattices, distributive lattices, complements, Boolean algebra, Boolean expressions, application to switching circuits, elements of graph theory, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, planar graphs, directed graphs
• Trees, permutations and combinations, pigeonhole principle, principle of inclusion and exclusion, derangements

Mathematical sciences: Unit 24

• Existence and uniqueness of solution dy/dx-f (x, y) Green's function, Sturm Liouville boundary value problems, Cauchy problems and characteristics, classification of second order PDE, separation of variables for heat equation, wave equation
• Separation of variables for Laplace equation, special functions

Mathematical sciences: Unit 25

• Divisibility: Linear Diophantine equations, congruence, quadratic residues; sums of two squares, arithmetic functions Mu, Tau, and Sigma (and)

Mathematical sciences: Unit 26

• Generalize coordinates; Lagrange’s equation; Hamilton's canonical equations; variational principles of least action; two dimensional motion of rigid bodies; Euler's dynamical equations for the motion of rigid body, motion of a rigid body about an axis
• Motion about revolving axes

Mathematical sciences: Unit 27

• Analysis of strain and stress, strain and stress tensors; geometrical representation; compatibility conditions; strain energy function; constitutive relations; elastic solids Hooke's law; Saint-Venant's principle, equations of equilibrium
• Plane problem-Airy's stress function vibrations of elastic, cylindrical and spherical media

Mathematical sciences: Unit 28

• Equation of continuity in fluid motion; Euler's equations of motion for perfect fluids; two dimensional motion complex potential; motion of sphere in perfect liquid and motion of liquid past a sphere; vorticity
• Navier-Stokes equations for viscous flows some exact solutions

Mathematical sciences: Unit 29

• Space curves-their curvature and torsion; Serret Frehat formula; fundamental theorem of space curves; curves on surfaces; first and second fundamental form; Gaussian curvatures; principal directions and principal curvatures; geodesics
• Fundamental equations of surface theory

Mathematical sciences: Unit 30

• Linear functionals, minimal functional theorem, general variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation; Variational methods of boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 31

• Linear integral equations of the first and second kind of Fredholm and Volterra type; solution by successive substitutions and successive approximations; solution of equations with separable kernels; the Fredholm alternative
• Hilbert-Schmidt theory for symmetric kernels

Mathematical sciences: Unit 32

• Finite differences, interpolation; numerical solution of algebraic equation; iteration; Newton-Raphson method; solution on linear system; direct method; Gauss elimination method; Matrix-inversion Eigenvalue problems
• Numerical differentiation and integration
• Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation, iteration method, Picard’s method , Euler’s method and improved Euler’s method

Mathematical sciences: Unit 33

• Transform of elementary functions, transform of derivatives, inverse transform, convolution theorem, applications, ordinary and partial differential equations; Fourier transform; sine and cosine transform, inverse Fourier transform
• Application to ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 34

• Dual simplex method, sensitivity analysis and parametric linear programming
• Kuhn-Tucker conditions of optimality
• Quadratic programming; methods due to Beale, Wolfe, and Van De Panne, duality in quadratic programming, self duality, integer programming

Mathematical sciences: Unit 35

• Measurable and measure spaces: Extension of measures, signed measures, Jordan-Hahn decomposition theorems
• Integration, monotone convergence theorem, Fatou's lemma, dominated convergence theorem
• Absolute continuity
• Radon Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini's theorem

Mathematical sciences: Unit 36

• Properties of distribution functions and characteristic functions; continuity theorem, inversion formula, Representation of distribution function as a mixture of discrete and continuous distribution functions
• Convolutions, marginal and conditional distributions of bivariate discrete and continuous distributions
• Relations between characteristic functions and moments: Moment inequalities of Holder and Minkowski

Mathematical sciences: Unit 37

• Statistical decision problem; non-randomized, mixed and randomized decision rules; risk function admissibility, Bayes rules, minimax rules, least favourable distributions, complete class and minimal complete class
• Decision problem for finite parameter space
• Convex loss function
• Role of sufficiency
• Families of distributions with monotone likelihood property, exponential family of distributions
• Test of a simple hypothesis against a simple alternative from decision-theoretic viewpoint
• Tests with Neyman structure
• Uniformly most powerful unbiased tests
• Locally most powerful tests, inference on location and scale parameters; estimation and tests
• Equivariant estimators, invariance in hypothesis testing

Mathematical sciences: Unit 38

• Various modes of convergence
• Op and op, CLT, Scheffé's theorem, Pólya theorem, and Slutsky's theorem, transformation and variance stabilizing formula
• Asymptotic distribution of function of sample moments, sample quantiles, order statistics and their functions, tests on correlations, coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis, Pearson chi-square
• Contingency chi-square, and childhood ratio statistics, U-statistics consistency of test, asymptotic relative efficiency

Mathematical sciences: Unit 39

• Singular and non-singular multivariate distributions
• Characteristics functions, multivariate normal distributions, marginal and conditional distributions, distribution of linear forms, and quadratic forms, Cochran's theorem
• Inference on parameters of multivariate normal distributions; one-population and two population cases
• Wishart distribution
• Hotelling's T2, Mahalanobis D2 discrimination analysis, principal components, canonical correlations, cluster analysis

Mathematical sciences: Unit 40

• Standard Gauss-Markov models; estimability of parameters; best linear unbiased estimates (Bell); method of least squares and Gauss-Markov theorem; variance-covariance matrix of BLUES
• Tests of linear hypothesis, one-way and two-way classifications
• Fixed, random and mixed effects models (two-way classifications only); variance components, bivariate and multiple linear regression; polynomial regression; use of orthogonal polynomials
• Analysis of covariance
• Linear and nonlinear regression outliers

Mathematical sciences: Unit 41

• Sampling with varying probability of selection, Hurwitz-Thompson estimator; PPS sampling; double sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Non-sampling errors: Interpenetrating samples. Multiphase sampling. Ratio and regression methods of estimation

Mathematical sciences: Unit 42

• Discrete-parameter stochastic processes; strong and weak stationary; autocovariance and autocorrelation
• Moving average, autoregressive, autoregressive moving average and autoregressive integrated moving average processes
• Box-jenkins models
• Estimation of the parameters in ARIMA models; forecasting
• Periodogram and correlogram analysis

Mathematical sciences: Unit 43

• Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behavior of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution; branching processes; Random walk; gambler's ruin
• Markov processes in continuous time; Poisson processes, birth and death processes, Wiener process

Mathematical sciences: Unit 44

• Measures of fertility and mortality, period and Cohort measures
• Life tables and its applications; methods of construction of abridged life tables
• Application of stable population theory to estimate vital rates
• Population projections
• Stochastic models of fertility and reproduction

Mathematical sciences: Unit 45

• Control charts for variables and attributes; acceptance sampling by attributes; single, double and sequential sampling plans; OC and ASN functions, AOQL and ATI; acceptance sampling by varieties
• Tolerance limits
• Reliability analysis: Hazard function, distribution with DFR and IFR; series and parallel systems
• Life testing experiments

Mathematical sciences: Unit 46

• Inventory (S, s) policy, periodic review models with stochastic demand
• Dynamic inventory models
• Probabilistic reorder point, lot size inventory system with and without lead time
• Distribution free analysis
• Solution of inventory problem with unknown density function
• Warehousing problem
• Queues: Imbedded Markov chain method to obtain steady state solution of M/ G/ 1, G/ M/ 1, and M/ D/ C, network models
• Machine maintenance models
• Design and control of queuing systems

Mathematical sciences: Unit 47

• Nature of dynamic programming, deterministic processes, non-sequential discrete optimization-allocation problems, assortment problems
• Sequential discrete optimization long-term planning problems, multi stage production processes
• Functional approximations
• Marketing systems, application of dynamic programming to marketing problems
• Introduction of new product, objective in setting market price and its policies, purchasing under fluctuating prices
• Advertising and promotional decisions
• Brands switching analysis, distribution decisions

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 05

• Detail study of sangeet Utpatti; musical scales (Indian and Western); detail study of Gram, Murchchhana and Chatussarna; Jaati Lakshana, Jaati Bhed, concept of Raag, Raag-Lakshan
• Classification of raag: (i) Gram raag and Desi raga classification, (ii) male raag classification, (iii) Thaat raag classification, (iv) Shuddha, Chhayalag, and Sankeerna raga classification, (v) Raag-Ragini classification, (vi) Raagang classification
• Classification of raag: (vi) Time theory of ragas; placement of Shuddha and Vikrit swaras on shruties in ancient, medieval and modern period; description of popular ragas and talas; notation systems of Hindustani, Karnataka, and western music
• Classification of raag: (vi) Merits and demerits of a vocalist (gayak); remix, fusion, orchestra, coir and acoustic; comparative studies of Hindustani and Karnataka swaras and taalas; Karnataka names of popular Hindustani ragas
• Classification of raag: (vi) Knowledge of different layakaaries such as Dugun, Tiguan, Chaugun, Aad, Kuad and Viaad

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 06

• Study of the historical development of Hindustani music from Vedic to modern period; ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Bharat, Naarad, Matang, Someshwar Dev, Jagdekmall, Nanya Dev, Sharangdev, Parshwadev, Sudhakalash
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Maharana Kumbha, Ramamatya, Damodar Pandit, Pt. Ahobal, Shriniwas, Hridyanarayana, Vyankatmakhi, Pt. Vishnu Digambar Palushkar, Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Pt. Vinayak Rao Patwardhan
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Pt. Omkarnath Thakur, Acharya Brihaspati, Thakur Jaidev Singh, Sharachchandra Shridhar Paranjape, Bhagwat Sharan Sharma, Dr. Prem Lata Sharma, Dr. Subhadra Choudhary, Prof. R.C. Mehta
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Prof. Pradeep Kumar Dixit
• Study of ancient, medieval and modern treatises in Indian music like Natya Shastra, Naradiya Shiksha, Sangeet Makarand, Brihaddeshi, Manasollasa, Sangeet Chudamani, Bharat Bhashya, Sangeet Ratnakar, Sangeet Samaysar, Sangeetopanishatsaaroddhar
• Sanageet Raj, Swaramalekalanidhi, Sangeet Darpan, Sangeet Paarijaat, Raga Tatva Vibodh, Hridaya Kautuk, Hridaya Prakash, Chaturdandi Prakashika, sangeet Chintamani, Pranavbharati, etc
• Contribution of western scholars to Indian music: Capt. N.A. Willard William Jones, Capt. C.R. Day, E. Clements, Fox Strangwayes, H.A. Popley and Alain Danielou

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 07

• Prabandh, Dhrupad, Dhamar, Saadra, Khayaal, Tarana, Trivat, Chaturang, Sargam Geet, Lakshan Geet, Raagmala, etc
• Thumri, Dadra, Tappa, Hori, Kajri, and Chaiti, etc
• Light music: Geet, gazal, and bhajan, etc
• Feroz Khan gat, Masitkhani gat, Razakhani gat and Jafarkhani gat and its kind
• Jaati, Javali, Kriti, Tillana, Raagam, Taanam, Pallavi
• Origin, development and presentation of above said vocal and instrumental compositions, popular artists in the field of above said forms

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 08

• Classification of Indian musical instruments in ancient, medieval, and modern period, different types of veenas in ancient period, tat-sitar, sarod, violin, dilruba, israj, santoor, tanpura, surbahar, guitar
• Ghan-Jaltarang, Ghatam, Morsing, Chipali, Manjeera, Jhanjh, Kartal, Sushir-flute and its varieties, Shehnai, Nagaswaram, harmonium, Avanaddha-Pakhawaj, tabla, Mridangam, Kanjira, Khol, Chang, Nakkara, Duff, Hudaka, dholak
• Origin, evolution, playing techniques and famous artist of these instruments

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 09

• Tansen, Haridas, Gopal Nayak, Sadarang, Pandit Balkrishna Bua Ichalkaranjikar, Pandit Vishnu Digambar Palushkar, Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Ustaad Faiyaz Khan, Ustad Bade Gulam Ali Khan, Ustad Nisaar Hussain Khan, Pandit Omkarnath Thakur
• Pandit Vinayak Rao Patwardhan, Pandit Naryan Rao Vyas, Pandit C.R. Vyas, Pandit Krishna Rao Shankar Pandit, Pandit Mallikarjun Mansoor, Smt Gangubai Hangal, Kesar Bai Kerkar, Abdul Kareem Khan, Hirābai Barodekar, Suhasini Koretkar, Bade Ramdas
• Siddheswari Devi, Begham Akhtar, Shobha Gurtu, Girija Devi, Savita Devi, Moghubai Kurdikar, Kishori Amonkar, Pandit Kumar Gandharv, Pandit Jasraj, Pandit Balvant Rai Bhatt. Pt. Ramashraa Jha
• Asad Ali Khan, Pt. Lal Mani Mishra, Abdul Halim Zafar Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Sharan Rani, Amjad Ali Khan, Anath Lal, Panna Lal Ghosh, Vijay Raghav Rao, Ragunath Seth, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Ahmad Jaan Thirakava, Pt. Samta Prasad, Kishan Maharaj
• Kudau Singh, Paagal Das, Brij Bhushan Kabra, Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Bhajan Sopori, M.S. Gopalakrishnan, V.G. Jog, N. Rajam, Appa Jalgaonkar, Mehmood Dholpuri
• Recipient of Bharat Ratna: M.S. Subbhalakshmi, Pt. Ravi Shankar, Utsad Bismillah Khan, Lata Mangeshkar and Pt. Bhim Sen Joshi. Purandar Das, Shyam Shastri, Mutthuswami Dixitar, Tyagraja, Swathi Tirunal Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Yahudi Menuhin

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 10

• General study of origin and development of Gharana
• Institutionalised system and their contribution to Hindustani music
• Four baanies of Dhrupad and its importance to Hindustani music
• General study of various Gharanas of Dhrupad Kheyal and instrumental music
• Special features of Gharanas in vocal and instrumental music and its famous artists
• Purab and Punjab Angas of Tumari
• Important music conferences in India
• National and international awards in the field of music
• Contribution of music educational institutes Akademies, Prasar Bharati, song and drama division and film in Indian music

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 05

• Musical scales (Indian and western), Suddha and Vikrita Svaras, Shruti in ancient, medieval, and modern period, detailed study of Grama, Murchana-Jaati, Jaati Lakshana in ancient period, concept of raga
• Classification of raga from ancient to modern period, Raga Lakshana-s of popular ragas, Mela-Janya system, Katapayadi and Bhuta Sankhya, Janya-raga classification, ancient-Palai-Pan system, 22 Srutis and their distribution among Swaras and Ragas
• Suladi sapta tala-s, scheme of 35 talas, tala dasa pranas, Marga and Desi talas, talas of Thiruppugazh, Shadangas and Shodasangas, important ragas and talas of Hindustani music
• Notation systems in Hindustani, Karnatak, and western music (staff notation)
• Voice culture, orchestration, and acoustics

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 06

• Narada-Naradiya Siksha, Sangita Makaranda; Bharata-Natya Sastra; Dattila-Dattilam, Matanga-Brihaddesi; Someshwara-Manasollasa; Parsvadeva-Sangita Samayasara; Sarangadeva-Sangita Ratnakara, Simhabhupala; Nanyadeva-Bharata Bhashyam
• Lochana Kavi-raga Tarangini; Jagadekamalla-Sangita Chudamani; Vidyaranya-Sangita Sara, Ramamatya-Swaramelakalanidhi; Rana Kumbha-Sangita Raja; Somnatha-Raga Vibodha, Ahobala-Sangita Parijata
• Govinda Dikshita-Sangita Sudha; Venkatamakhi-Chaturdandi Prakasika; Tulaja-Sangita Saramrita; Govinda Acharya-Sangraha Chudamani; Subbarama Dikshitar-Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini; Abraham Panditar-Karunamrita Sagaram
• Nadamuni Panditar-Swara Prastara Sagaram; Attoor Krishna Pisharody-Sangita Chandrika
• References to musical concepts in Silappadikaram, sangam texts, Pancha Marabu, Tala Samudram, Mahabharata Chudamani, Yazh Nool and other important texts in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam
• Musicologists: V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D. Paluskar, Swami Prajnanananda, B.C. Deva, P. Sambamurthy, S. Seetha, V. Raghavan, Premalata Sharma, R. Satyanarayana, T.S. Parthasarthy, N. Ramanathan, S.A.K. Durga, Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao
• Musicologists: R.C Mehta and their works. Contribution of western scholars to Indian music; Curt Sachs, N.A.Willard, William Jones, C.R. Day, E. Clements, Fox Strangways, H.A. Popley and Alain Danielou

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 07

• Origin and development of Prabandha, Gitam, Swarajati, Jatisvarm, Tanavarnam, Padavarnam, Kirtana, Kriti, Padam, Javali, Tillana, Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi, Niraval, Kalpanasvara, Tevaram, Divya Prabandham, Tiruppugazh, Thaya, Ragamalika, Viruttam, Dandakam
• Origin and development of Churnika, Sloka, Daru, Ashtapadi, Tarangam, Thiruvaimozhi, Thiruppavai, Chindu, Thiruvasagam, group Kritis
• Geya Nataka-a, Nritya Nataka-s, Hindustani musical forms Dhrupad, Dhamar, Khayal, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, Trivat, Chaturang, Vrindavan

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 08

• Indian concept of classification of music instruments
• Origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of veena, tambura, violin, chitra vina, viola, mandolin, flute, nadaswaram, panchamukha vadyam, mridangam, tavil, kanjira, dappu, chenda, maddalam, timila, jaltarang, ghatam, morsing, chipla, jalra
• Origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of Kartala and other tala instruments
• Outline knowledge of-sitar, sarangi, sarod, shehnai, tabla, pakhawaj, piano, guitar, clarionet

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 09

• Tevaram, Alvars, Jayadeva, Dasa Kuta, Purandara Dasa, Annamacharya, Tallapaka composers, Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Arunagirinathar, Muthuthandavar, Marimuthu Pillai, Arunachala Kavirayar, Sangeetha Mummoorthy viz., Shamasastry, Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Swati Tirunal, Gopalakrishna Bharati, Tanjore Quartette, Patnam Subramanya Iyer and other prominent post trinity composers
• Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar, Musiri Subrahmanya Iyer, G.N Balasubramaniam, Maharajapuram Viswanatha Iyer, Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar, K.V Narayana Swamy, M.D Ramanathan, R.K Srikanthan, M. Balamuralikrishna
• M.S. Subbalakshmi, D.K. Pattammal, M.L.Vasanthakumari, Brinda, Mukta and other prominent vocalists
• Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer, Veena Dhanammal, S. Balachander, Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar, S. Balachander, ChittiBabu, Mysore Chowdiah, Lalgudi Jayaraman, Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu, T.N. Krishnan, M.S. Gopalakrishnan, Sarabha Sastri, T.R. Mahalingam
• N. Ramani, Sheikh Chinna Moulana, Ambalapuzha Brothers, Namagiripettai Krishnan, Palghat Mani Iyer, Palani Subramaniam, Vikku Vinayakram, Harishankar and other prominent musicians of Veena, Violin, Flute, Nadaswaram, Mridangam, Ghatam and Kanjira

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 10

• Merits and limitations of Gurukula Sampradayam, institutional training and academic teaching system in universities, Nadaswaram Bani-Tanjavur style, Mridanga Bani-Thanjavur, Pudukkottai and Palakkad styles, Banis of Dhanammal school, Ariyakudi, musiri
• Mridanga Bani-GNB, Maharajapuram, Chembai, and Semmangudi
• Styles of music trinity and analysis of their ragas, compositions with various musical versions
• Music propagation through music academies, Prasar Bharati, song and drama division, films,music festivals like Thiruvaiyaru , Chembai, Melattur, etc
• Influence of other music systems on Karnatak music-Hindustani and Western
• National and international awards in music

Music-Percussion: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Percussion: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Percussion: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Percussion: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Percussion: Unit 05

• Description and playing techniques of varna’s and their combinations in tabla and pakhawaj instruments
• Ten pranas of taal (detailed study)
• Detailed study of Margi and Desi taal system (Paddhati), knowledge of Karnataka taal system: Detailed knowledge of Uttar Bhartiya taal paddhati and taalas used in Uttar Bhartiya sangeet
• A brief knowledge of taalas used with Rabindra sangeet
• Laya and layakari
• Detailed knowledge of Hindustani and Karnataka taal notation system
• Brief knowledge of staff notation system
• Tabla accompaniment with vocal, (classical, semi-classical music) instrumental music and kathak dance
• Relationship between taal and Chhand, knowledge of composing Tihaies of different Matras
• Detailed knowledge of Tihai-Damdar, Bedam, Nauhakka, and Chakradhar Tihaies
• Mathematical calculation of Chakradhar-(Sadharan, Firmaishi, and Kamali Chakradhar)
• Difference between Chakradhar Gat, Chakradhar Tukda, and Chakardar Paran
• The chakra of thirty two Tihaies describe by Acharya Brihaspati

Music-Percussion: Unit 06

• Bharat, Sharangdeva, Matang, Parashwadev Nanyadev, Ramamatya, Somnath, Damodar Pandit, Ahobal, Venkatmakhi, V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D. Paluskar, Pundarik Vitthal, Dr. Subhadra Chaudhary, Nikhil Ghosh, Madhukar Ganesh Godbole, Swami Pagal Das
• Purshottam Das Pakhawaji, Girish Chandra Shrivastava, Bhagawat Sharan Sharma, Prof. Sudhirkumar Saxena, Dr. Aban Mistry, Dr. Yogmaya Shukla, Arvind Mulgaonkar, Sudhir Mainkar, Dr. Arun Kumar Sen, Chhote Lal Mishra
• Detailed study of the following texts: Natya Shastra, sangeet ratnakar, Bruhaddeshi, Sangeet Samyasar Sangeet Raj, Ashtottar Shat taal, Lakshanam, Bhartiya Sangeet Vadya, Table ka Udagam Vikas Avam Vadan Shailiyan, Bhartiya Talon ka Shastriya Vivechan
• Detailed study of the following texts: Pakhawaj avam table ke Gharane avam, Parmparayen, taal Kosh, tabla vadan kala avam Shastra, tabla, Bhartiya taal men anekata mein ekta, aesthetics of tabla, tabla puran, taal vadya parichaya, tabla granth manjusha
• Detailed study of the following texts: Laya taal vichar manthan, tabla vadan mein Nihit Saundaraya, solo tabla drumming of north India, tabla of Lucknow, taal Vadya Shashtra, Bhartiya sangeet men taal, Chand avam Roop Vidhan

Music-Percussion: Unit 07

• Definition of Bandish-expendable and nonexpendable compositions
• The aesthetics of bandishen
• Importance of presentation of bandishein
• Detailed study of Theka, Peshkar, Qaeda and its Prastar (Paltas), Bant, Rela, Rau, Tukda, Mukhada, Gat and its various kinds, Rang-Rela, Fird, Paran, Tihaies of various kinds
• Gats and quaidas of different Gharanas, Laggi-Ladi
• Study of different compositions popular in classical vocal, semi-classical and instrumental music: Khayal, Masitkhani gat, Raza Khani gat, Thumari, Dadra, Tappa, Kajari, Chaiti, Dhrupad, Dhamar, Sadra, Jhoola, Bhajan, Gazal, Geet
• General knowledge of compositions used in Kathak dance: Aamad, Paran, Tatkar, Toda, Stuti Paran

Music-Percussion: Unit 08

• Classification of Indian musical instruments as per described by Bharat, Sharangdev and Dr. Lalmani Mishra
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (a) Tat vaidya-Veena, Vichitra veena, Naradiya veena, Saraswati veena, Rudra veena, sitar, Sarod, sarangi, violin, Dilruba, Israj, Santoor, Surbahar
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (a) Tat vadya-Tanpura, Guitar, ektara, dotara, (b) sushir vadya: Flute, shehnai, nagasvaram, claronate, algoza, sundari, maguti
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (c) Avanaddha vadya: Panav, Patah, Mirdang, Pakhawaj, tabla, mridangam, tavil, khanjira, khol, chenda, chang, upang, duff, nakkara, dhol, dholak, sambal
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (c) Avanaddha vadya: Dholaki, Naal, Huddaka, pung, (d) Ghana vadya: Jal-tarang, nal-tarang, ghatam, morsinq, chipli, jalra, kartaal, jhanjh, manjira
• Popular percussion instruments used in western music: Kittle drum, Snare drum, Bass drum, Tenor drum and other important percussions

Music-Percussion: Unit 09

• Tabla: Natthu Khan, Modu Khan, Bakshu Khan, Abid Hussian Khan, Haji Vilayat Ali, Salari Khan, Chudiya Imam Baksh, Ram Sahay, Munir Khan, Habibuddin Khan, Ahmemad Jan Thirukuwa, Amir Hussain, Jahangir Khan, Shekh Daud, Bade Munne Khan, Karamtullah Khan
• Tabla: Allarakha Khan, Gyan Prakash Ghosh, Nikhil Ghosh, Gama Maharaj, Kishan Maharaj, Kanthe Maharaj, Samta Prasad (Gudai Maharaj), Anokhelal Mishra, Bhai Gaitonde, Pandharinath Nageshkar, Suresh Talwalkar, Hashamat Ali Khan
• Tabla: Zakir Hussain and contemporary tabla and pakhawaj vizards and scholars
• Pakhawaj: Kudau Singh Jodh Singh, Nana Panse, Ayodhya Prasad, Pagal Das, Chatrapati Singh, Arjun Sejwal, Madhav Rao Alkutkar, Sakhara Ram
• Nakkara Vadak: Dilawar Khan, Aggan Khan
• Dholak Vadak: Bafati Khan, Gulam Jaffer, Dholki: Vijay Chauhan
• Karnataka music: Vocalists and instrumentalists-Bharat Ratan Subbalakshmi, S. Balachandar, Bal Muralikrishnan, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T.N. Krishnan, Palghat Raghu, Palghat Mani Iyer, Umayalpuram Sivaraman, U. Srinivas, Vikku Vinayakram, Hari Shankar
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Allauddin Khan, Vilayat Khan, Ravishankar, Abdul Halim Jaffer, Balram Pathak, Nikhil Banerjee, Hafeez Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Amajad Ali Khan, V.G. Jog, D.K. Datar, N Rajam, Hariprasad Chourasia
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Pannalal Ghosh, Bismillah Khan, Ali Hussain, Siddharam Jadhav, Krishna Rao, Shankar Pandit, Mogubai Kurdikar, Kesar Bai Kerkar, Mallikarjun Mansoor, Abdul Karim Khan, Faiyaz Khan, Bhimsen Joshi
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Gangubai Hangal Malini Rajurkar, Kishori Amonkar, Jas Raj, Kumar Gandharva and Aamir Khan
• Dancers: Acchan Maharaj, Lacchu Maharaj, Sitara Devi, Gopi Krishna, Birju Maharaj, Durga Lal, Yamini Krishnamurty Sanyukta Panigrahi and Kalyani Kutti Amma
• All national and international awardees in the field of music, dance, folk music, and folk dances with special reference to percussion instrumentalists

Music-Percussion: Unit 10

• Definition of baaj and gharanas
• Historical evaluation and developments of gharanas of tabla and pakhawaj, Delhi gharana, Ajarada gharana, Farrukhabad gharana, Lucknow gharana, Benaras gharana, Punjab gharana, Nana Panase gharana, Kudau Singh gharana
• Varna Nikas (playing technique) in different gharanas
• Main characteristics of peshkar, quida, rela, gat, tukada, paran, tihai, chakradhar and laggi lady on the basis of gharanas
• Importance and utility of tabla and pakhawaj in classical music, semi classical, sugam and film music
• Universities, academies and other institutions, renowned professors, gurus, academicians, administrators who are propagating music

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 05

• The knowledge of round the clock ragas and raginis, the knowledge of talas, the knowledge of kirtana, baul and other folk songs of bengal, the knowledge of monsoon and vernal ragas and raginis, selected provincial songs
• Selected verses from the Vedas and Upanishads frequently chanted by Tagore
• Rabindranath tagore specially created talas that is, Jhampak (5 matra), Sasthi (6 matra), Rupakra (8 matra), Nabatal (9 matra), Ekadasi (11 matra), Nabapanchatal (18 matra)
• Mulgan and bhanga gan
• Brahma sangeet by Tagore’s
• Tagore’s poetic songs, (Kabya Geeti), Vedic hymns (tuned by Tagore)
• Patriotic songs
• Akarmatrik notation system

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 06

• Conversation between Tagore and eminent personalities of India and abroad
• Western scholars on Tagore music
• ‘Sangeet Chinta’ full study of Tagore book
• Influence of European music as a whole on Tagore
• Influence of European Music and provincial tune
• Tagore’s creative journey in song writing and musical compositions
• History of anthology of Tagore songs
• Basic knowledge in Indian classical music with special emphasis in Dhrupad, Khayal, Tappa, Thumri
• Knowledge of notation and tal (Indian and Western)

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 07

• Main forms for Rabindra sangeet
• Geetanjali and song offerings-a textual study
• Biography of Tagore: The music composer upto Geetanjali era throughout Tagore’s life
• The music composer (second part) after Geetanjali to 1941
• Barsamangal, Sarodutsav, etc
• Aesthetic approach of Rabindranath Tagore through Rabindra sangeet
• Tagore’s philosophy of music, sahityer pathe, sahitya, sahityer swarup
• Tagore’s vision of music in his early days
• Concept of Tagore’s musical philosophy as expressed in essays, poems, novels, etc
• Knowledge of raga
• Bengali songs: Pre contemporary and post Rabindranath era
• Brahma Sangeet and patriotic songs of different author other than Rabindranath
• Brahma Sangeet: Different author other than Tagore family. Bedgan, Maghotsav, Upasana song, songs of Tagore house, Hansirgan

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 08

• Popular instruments used in Rabindra sangeet, that is, Esraj, guitar, key board, sitar, tanpura, harmonium, Sarod, violin, mandira, organ-piano, flute and its varieties, pakhawaj, tabla, Sri Khol, dhol, Mridangam, Jaltarang, etc
• Rabindra sangeet: Experiments in rhythms and talas
• Application of various talas and rhythms
• Surantar and Chhandantar

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 09

• Tagore’s Geetinatya and Nrityanatya example-Valmiki Prativa, Kalmrigaya, Mayar Khela, Chitrangada, Chandalika, Shyama, Taser Des, Shap Mochan, etc, and other dramas full of various songs, that is, like Prayaschitta, Visarjan, Muktadhara, Achalayatan, Raja
• Tagore’s Geetinatya and Nrityanatya example-other dramas full of various songs, that is, like Raktakarabi, Phalguni, Basant, Sisu Tirtha, Rin Shodh, Raja o Rani, Prakritir Pratisodh, Tapati, etc
• All dramatic works and example Tagore's musical creativity in Gitabitan-a textual study (part I, II, III) and Swarabitan (notation books) 1-66 and others
• Bhanusingher Padabali, Ritunatya
• History of anthology of Tagore’s songs
• Contribution of scholar/ performer/ musicians: Pratibha Devi, Subinoy Roy, Nilima Sen, Indira Devi Chowdhurani, Maya Sen, Suchitra Mitra, Kanika Bandyopadhyay, Santidev Ghosh, Jyotirindranath Tagore, Debendranath Tagore, Sailajaranjan Majumdar
• Contribution of scholar/ performer/ musicians: Anadi Dastidar, Kangalicharan Sen, Amiya Thakur, Bhimrao Sastri, Ases Bandyopadhyay, Girijasankar Chakraborty, Ramesh Chandra Bandyopadhyay, Rajeswari Dutta, Sankha Ghosh, Sudhir Chakraborty etc

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 10

• An overall survey of Tagore’s musical creativity, tonal and rhythmic varieties of Tagore’s musical compositions including his own experimental variations
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical compositions
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical compositions (chronological order may be maintained)
• Influence of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Western music on Rabindra sangeet, compositions who influenced Rabindra Sangeet
• Tagore Song used in films
• Tagore songs: Tunes adapted from Tappa, Thumri, Tarana, and Bhajan with original songs
• The cultural atmosphere of Tagore’s family (Pathuriaghata, and Jorasanko, Kolkata)
• Thematic variations of Tagore’s music: (Puja, Prem, Swadesh, Prakriti, Vichitra, Anusthanik) festival songs of Rabindra Sangeet
• Knowledge of Hindustani songs and Tagore’s opinion on these songs
• National anthem of India and Bangladesh
• Rabindra sangeet based on classical tune

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Vedic and Upanishadic: Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of Yajna (sacrifice), theories of creation Atman-self (and not-self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti, and Turiya, Brahman
• Carvaka: Pratyaksa as the only Pramana, critique of Anumana and Sabda, consciousness as epiphenomenon
• Jainism: Concept of reality-Sat, Dravya, Guṇa, Paryāya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekāntavāda, Syādvāda and Nayavāda; theory of knowledge
• Buddhism: Four noble truths, Astangika Marga, distinction between Brahmanic and Shramanic traditions. Pratityasamutpada, Ksanabhahgavada, Anatmavada. Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Madhyamika, and Tibetan Buddhism
• Nyaya: Prama and Aprama, theories of Pramana: Pratyaksa, Anumana, Upamana, Sabda. Hetvabhasa. Concept of God. Debate between Buddhism and Nyaya about Pramana-Vyavastha and Pramana Samplava. Anyatha Khyati
• Vaiśeṣika: Concept of Padārtha and its kinds, Asatkāryavāda, kinds of Kāraṇa: Samavāyi, Asamavāyi, and Nimitta Kāraṇa, Paramaṇukaraṇavāda
• Samkhya: Satkaryavada, Prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakriti, nature of Purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Purusa, relationship between Purusha and Prakriti, atheism
• Yoga: Patanjali’s theory of Pramana, concept of Citta and Citta-Vrtti, stages of Citta Bhumi, the role of God in yoga
• Purva-Mimāṃsā: Pramāṇyavāda-Svatah-Pramāṇyavāda and Paratah-Pramāṇyavada, Sruti and its importance, classification of Sruti-Vākyas, Vidhi, Niṣedha and Arthavāda, Dharma, Bhāvanā, Sabda-Nityavāda, Jāti, Saktivada
• Purva-Mimamsa: Kumarila and Prabhakara schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference, Tirupati-Samvit, Jnatata, Abhava and Anupalabdhi, Anvitadbhidhanavada, Abhihitanvayavada, theories of error: Akhyati, Viparita Khyati, atheism
• Vedanta
• Advaita: Brahmaṇ, relation between Brahmaṇ and Atman, three grades of Sattā, Adhyāsa, Māya, Jiva, Vivartavāda, Anirvachniya-Khyāti
• Viśiṣtādvaita: Saguṇa brahmaṇ, refutation of Māya, Aprthaksiddhi Pariṇāmavāda, Jiva, Bhakti and Prapatti, Brahma-Pariṇāmavāda, Sat-Khyāti
• Dvaita: Rejection of Nirguṇa brahmaṇ and Māya, Bheda and Sāksi, Bhakti
• Dvaitadvaita: Concept of Jnana Swaroop, kinds of inanimate
• Shuddhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-Parinamavada

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Pre-Socratic philosophers: Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenes, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus
• The Sophists and Socrates
• Plato and Aristotle: (a) Plato-theory of knowledge, knowledge and opinion, theory of ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God. (b) Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive
• Plato and Aristotle: (b) Aristotle-logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, soul and God
• Medieval philosophy: (a) St. Augustine: Problem of evil. (b) St. Anselm: Ontological argument, (c) St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God
• Modern western philosophy: (a) Descartes-conception of method, criteria of truth, doubt, and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, Cartesian dualism: Mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, interactionism
• Modern western philosophy: (b) Spinoza-substance, attribute and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, three orders of knowing. (c) Leibniz-monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas
• Modern western philosophy: (c) Leibnitz-proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernible, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom
• Modern western philosophy: (d) Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge
• Modern western philosophy: (e) Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self
• Modern western philosophy: (f) Hume-impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism
• Modern western philosophy: (f) Hume-reason and the passions. (g) Kant: The critical philosophy, classification of judgments, possibility of synthetic a priori judgments, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
• Modern western philosophy: (g) Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, rejection of speculative metaphysics
• Modern western philosophy: (h) Hegel-the conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non-being and becoming, absolute idealism, freedom

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Concept of Purusartha, Sreyas, and Preyas, Varnashrama, dharma, Sadharana dharma, Rna and Yajna, concept of duty, karma-yoga, Sthitprajna, Svadharma, Lokasamgraha, Apurva and Adrsta, Sadhya-Sadhana, Itikartavyata, law of karma: Ethical implications
• Rta and Satya, yogaKsema, Ashtanga yoga, Jainism: Samvara-Nirjara, Tri-Ratna, Panch-Vrata
• Buddhism: Upaya-Kaushal, brahma-Vihara-Maitri, Karuna, Mudita, Upeksha, Bodhisattva, Carvaka hedonism

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Concepts of good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, eudaemonism, intuition as explained in teleological and deontological theories
• Egoism, altruism, universalism, subjectivism, cultural relativism, super-naturalism, ethical realism and intuitionism
• Kant’s moral theory: postulates of morality, good-will, categorical imperative, duty, mean and ends, maxims
• Utilitarianism: Principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality, kinds of utilitarianism, moral theories of Bentham, J.S. Mill, Sidgwick
• Theories of punishment
• Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism: emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Vivekananda: practical Vedanta, universal religion, religious experience, religious rituals
• Sri Aurobindo: evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga
• Iqbal: Self, God, man and superman, intellect and intuition
• Tagore: religion of man, ideas on education, concept of nationalism
• K.C. Bhattacharya: Swaraj in ideas, concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of Maya
• Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the Idealist view of life, concept of universal religion, Hindu view of life
• J. Krishnamurti: conception of thought, freedom from the known, analysis of self, choiceless awareness
• Gandhi: truth, non-violence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, critique of modern civilization
• Ambedkar: annihilation of caste, philosophy of Hinduism, Neo-Buddhism
• D.D. Upadhyaya: Integral Humanism, Advaita Vedanta, Purusartha
• Narayana Guru: the spiritual freedom and social equality, one caste, one religion, one God
• Tiruvallur: Thirukkural
• Jyotiba Phule: Critical understanding of caste-system
• M.N. Roy: Radical humanism, materialism
• Maulana Azad: humanism

Philosophy: Unit 06

• Analytic and continental philosophy: (a) Frege-sense and reference, (b) logical positivism: Verification theory of meaning, elimination of metaphysics, concept of philosophy, (c) Moore: Distinction between sense and reference, refutation of idealism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: (c) Moore-defense of common sense, proof of an external world. (d) Russell: Logical atomism, definite descriptions, refutation of idealism, (e) Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects
• Analytic and continental philosophy: (e) Wittgenstein-names and propositions, the picture theory, critique of private language, meaning and use, forms of life, notion of philosophy, Wittgensteinian Fideism, on certainty
• Analytic and continental philosophy: (f) Gilbert Ryle-systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism, (g) A.J. Ayer: The problem of knowledge, (h) W.V.O. Quine: Two Dogmas of empiricism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: (i) H.P. Grice and P.F. Strawson-in defense of a dogma
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Phenomenology and existentialism-(a) Husserl-phenomenological method, philosophy as a rigorous science, intentionality. Phenomenological reduction, inter-subjectivity, (b) Heidegger: The concept of Being (Dasein)
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Phenomenology and existentialism-(b) Heidegger: Man as being in the world, critique of technological civilization, (c) Kierkegaard: Subjectivity as truth, leap of faith, (d) Sartre: Concept of freedom, bad-faith
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Phenomenology and existentialism-(d) Sartre: Humanism, (e) Merleau-Ponty: Perception, embodied consciousness
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Pragmatism-(a) William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, varieties of religious experience, John Dewey: Concept of truth, common-faith, education
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Postmodernism-(a) Nietzsche: Critique of enlightenment, will to power, genealogy of moral. (b) Richard Rorty: Critique of representationalism, against epistemological method, edifying philosophy
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Postmodernism-(c) Emmanuel Levinas: Ethics as a first philosophy, philosophy of ‘other'

Philosophy: Unit 07

• Mahabharata: Danda-niti, foundations, Rajdharma, law and governance, Narada’s questions to king Yudhisthira, Kautilya: Sovereignty, seven pillars of statecraft, state, society, social-life, state administration, state economy, law, and justice
• Kautilya: Internal security, welfare and external affairs, Kamandaki: Social order and state elements constitutional morality, secularism and fundamental rights, constitutionalism, total revolution, terrorism, swadeshi, satyagrah, sarvodaya
• Kamandaki: Social democracy, state socialism, affirmative action, social justice, social institutions: Family, marriage, property, education, and religion colonialism

Philosophy: Unit 08

• Plato: Ideal state and justice, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau: Social contract theory, Isaiah Berlin: Conceptions of liberty, Bernard Williams: Idea of equality, Liberalism: Rawls; distributive justice, Nozick; Justice as entitlement, Dworkin
• Justice as equality; Amartya Sen: Global justice, freedom and capability
• Marxism: dialectical materialism, alienation, critique of capitalism, doctrine of class struggle and classless society
• Communitarianism: Communitarian critique of liberal self, universalism vs. particularism, theory of Charles Taylor, MacIntyre, Michael Sandel, Multiculturalism: Charles Taylor; politics of recognition, Will Kymlicka; conception of minority rights
• Feminism: Basic concepts-patriarchy, misogyny, gender, theories of feminism; liberal, socialist, radical, and ecofeminism

Philosophy: Unit 09

• Truth and validity, denotation, and connotation, nature of propositions, categorical syllogism, laws of thought, classification of propositions, square of opposition, truth-functions and propositional logic, quantification and rules of quantification
• Symbolic logic: Use of symbols, decision procedures: Truth table, using truth-tables for testing the validity of arguments, Venn diagram, informal, and formal fallacies, proving validity, argument, and argument-form, axiomatic system, consistency
• Completeness, differences between deductive and inductive logic

Philosophy: Unit 10

• What is applied philosophy?, philosophy of technology; technology, dominance, power, and social inequalities, democratization of technology, public evaluation of science and technology, ethical implication of information technology, biotechnology
• Non-technology, environmental ethics: Nature as means or end, Aldo-Leopold; land-ethics, Arne Naess: Deep ecology, Peter Singer; animal rights, medical-ethics: Surrogacy, doctor-patient relationship, abortion, euthanasia, female-infanticide
• Professional ethics: Corporate governance and ethical responsibility, media ethics: Ethical issues in privacy, cyber space, pornography, representation and differences-marginalization, legal ethics: Law and morality, legal obligation
• Legal ethics: Authority and validity of law, philosophical counseling: Managing everyday problems

Physical education: Unit 01

• Philosophies of education as applied to physical education, development of physical education in Greece, Rome, Sweden, Russia, England, Denmark, Germany, USA, Australia and China
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (a) Recreation-its principles, characteristics, and importance. Modern trends in recreation. Indoor and outdoor recreational programmes. Recreational programmes for various categories of people
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (b) Wellness-its importance, benefits, and challenges. Development and maintenance of wellness. (c) Teaching aptitude-nature, objectives, characteristics of teaching
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (c) Teaching aptitude-learner characteristics and teaching methods. (d) Social aspects of sports-sports as a socializing agency, social values, sports leadership
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (d) Social aspects of sports-sports as cultural heritage and social aspects of competition, (e) ancient and modern Olympics games, Asian, and Commonwealth games
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (f) Structure and functions of international and national bodies controlling various games, and sports, prominent honours and awards in games and sports

Physical education: Unit 02

• Cardiorespiratory adaptations to long and short term physical activities
• Muscle: Its types, characteristics, and functions. Microscopic structure of muscle fiber. Sliding filament theory of muscular contraction. Types of muscle fibers and sports performance. Muscular adaptations to exercise
• Neuromuscular junction and transmission of nerve impulse, kinesthetic sense organs, and neural control of motor skills
• Biochemical aspects of exercise: Metabolism of food products. Aerobic and anaerobic systems during rest and exercise. Direct and indirect methods of measuring energy cost of exercise
• Recovery process: Physiological aspects of fatigue. Restoration of energy stores. Recovery oxygen. Nutritional aspects of performance
• Environmental influence on human physiology under exercise
• Women in sports: Trainability. Physiological gender differences and special problems of women athletes
• Aging: Physiological consequences, lifestyle management, and healthful aging
• Physiological responses of various therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation
• Physiological aspects of various Ergogenic aids
• Massage manipulations and their physiological responses

Physical education: Unit 03

• Modern trends in biomechanics
• Planes and axes of human body
• Joints and their movements
• Muscle attachments-origin, insertion, action, and leverage of the principal muscles used in sports
• Motion: Its laws and their application in sports. Projectile and principles of projections
• Linear and angular kinematics, and kinetics
• Friction, spin, impact, and elasticity
• Air and water dynamics
• Mechanical advantage and applications of Levers in sports
• Posture and its deformities with their corrective exercises
• Kinesiological, muscular, and mechanical analyses of fundamental movements: Mechanical analyses of major sports skills

Physical education: Unit 04

• Motivation in sports-types, theories, and dynamics
• Psychological factors affecting sports performance-emotions, anxiety aggression, stress, self confidence, concentration, mental practice, and goal setting
• Personality-theories of personality, measurement of personality
• Group dynamics, group cohesion, and leadership in sports
• Cognitive process-memory and thinking
• Principles of motor skill learning
• Transfer of training and its types with its implication in sports
• Long and short term psychological preparation for performance/ competition
• Psychological skill training for activation and relaxation
• Spectators and sports performance

Physical education: Unit 05

• Comparative study of professional preparation in physical education of India with those of USA, Russia, Germany, Australia, and UK
• Professional and other courses of physical education in India
• Role of Government agencies monitoring professional courses in physical education
• Qualities, qualifications, and responsibilities of physical education personnel at primary, secondary, and higher education levels
• Scope of physical education personnel in the promotion of health, fitness, and wellness
• Recent Government policies for promoting physical education and sports in India
• Hierarchy of organizational set-up in physical education at schools, colleges, and university level
• Role of public and private sectors in the promotion of physical education and sports in the country
• Curriculum development: Concepts and principles of curriculum planning. Subject matter for different levels of education-primary, secondary, and higher education
• Curriculum design and content: Importance, selection, and classification of subject matter with reference to age, sex and differently abled pupils. Integrated programme for boys and girls
• Teaching aids: Time-table, concepts, credit system for various subject courses-theory and practical, impact of technology in physical education and sports
• Curriculum evaluation: Concepts and purpose; procedure and appraisal

Physical education: Unit 06

• Health education, its importance, and principles
• Role of genetics and environment in achieving health
• Health-related physical fitness
• Community health programme: Health appraisal and health instructions. International and national health promoting government and private agencies
• School health programme and personal hygiene
• Communicable diseases: causes, symptoms, prevention through other means and immunization
• Psychosomatic disorders/ sedentary lifestyle diseases: Causes, symptoms, and prevention
• Obesity related health problems: Body weight control and its significance on health. Role of exercise, dieting, and combination of exercise and dieting on weight control
• First-aid: Objectives and principles. First-aid for shock, poisoning, burns, drowning, bleeding, electric shock and common sports injuries
• Pollution: Air, water, sound, and radiation. Effects of pollution on health, preventive and safety measures from pollution
• Nutrition: Balanced diet and its components. Nutritional deficiencies. Understanding of malnutrition and nutritional supplements
• Effects of smoking, alcohol, and drugs on health; prevention and rehabilitation

Physical education: Unit 07

• Training load, its features, principles, and adaptation process
• Means and methods of executing training load
• Overload, its causes, symptoms, and remedial measures
• Strength: Its characteristics, types of strength, factors determining strength, and strength development
• Endurance: Its characteristics, types of endurance, factors determining endurance, and endurance development
• Speed: Its characteristics, types of speed, factors determining speed and speed development
• Flexibility: Its characteristics, types of flexibility, factors determining flexibility and flexibility development
• Coordinative abilities: Its characteristics, types of coordinative abilities, factors determining coordinative abilities and development of coordinative abilities
• Technique and skill: Its characteristics and importance. Different stages of technique development and technique training. Tactics and strategy
• Planning: Its importance and principles. Types of planning
• Periodization: Its importance, objectives, and types of periodization. Concept of different periods-preparatory, competition, and transitional
• Types of competition: Talent identification-process and procedure

Physical education: Unit 08

• Ethical issues in research
• Methods of research-descriptive, historical, and experimental
• Experimental research designs
• Identification and formulation of research problem
• Types of research hypotheses and their formulation
• Hypotheses testing
• Tools of research: Questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and observation
• Sources and steps of literature search: Library, research databases, internet-search engines, online journals. Note taking and critical reading
• Sampling techniques: Probability and non probability
• Data, its types, and collecting measures
• Normal probability curve and grading scales
• Statistical processes, their importance, and uses in research
• Application of parametric and non parametric statistical techniques in research
• Computer applications: Statistical packages for data analysis-SPSS, e-mail, search engines and Microsoft office
• Preparation of research proposal, report, abstract, paper for publication and paper for presentation

Physical education: Unit 09

• Principles and processes of evaluation in physical education
• Criteria of selecting an appropriate test and administration of testing programme
• Types of tests and construction of standard knowledge and skill tests
• Tests for fitness: Physical fitness, motor fitness, motor ability, and motor educability. Health related fitness tests
• Test for fitness components: Strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities
• Sports skill tests: Badminton, basketball, football, hockey, tennis, and volleyball
• Anthropometric measurements: Land marks and measurement of various body segments, height, sitting-height, weight, diameters, circumferences, skin folds, body mass index, ponderal index
• Somatotype and Posture evaluating techniques
• Testing of physiological phenomenons: Blood pressure, breathing frequency vital capacity, heart rate, pulse rate, body temperature and body composition
• Tests for psychological variables: Anxiety, aggression, team cohesion, achievement motivation, mental-toughness, and self-efficacy

Physical education: Unit 10

• Scope of management in physical education and sports
• Guiding principles for organizing physical education and sports programmes in institutions
• Personnel management: Objectives and principles. Self-appraisal, communication skills and time management. Essential skills of administration
• Financial management: Objectives, purposes, principles, and scope. Planning and preparation of budget. Mechanics of purchase and auditing
• Supervision: Objectives, principles, and importance of supervision. Techniques of supervision. Duties and responsibilities of a supervisor
• Facility management: Planning, procuring, and maintenance of facilities-indoor and outdoor facilities. Planning and management of sports infrastructure. Management of records
• Role of sports manager: Interpersonal, informational, and decision making. Managerial skills; Technical, human, and conceptual. Qualities and qualification of sports manager
• Event management: Its principles, planning, check list, rehearsal, itinerary, execution, reporting and follow-up procedures of an event
• Public relation: Principles of public relations in physical education and sports. Mass media-communication and publicity, qualifications of public relation officer

Physical science: Unit 01

• Calculus: Vector algebra and vector calculus, linear algebra, matrices, linear differential equations, Fourier-series, elementary complex analysis

Physical science: Unit 02

• Basic principles of classical dynamics, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, symmetries and conservation laws, motion in the central field of force, collision and scattering, mechanics of system of particles, small oscillations and normal modes
• Wave motion-wave equation, phase velocity, group velocity, dispersion
• Special theory of relativity-Lorentz transformations, addition of velocities, mass-energy equivalence

Physical science: Unit 03

• Electrostatics-Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems, magnetostatics-Ampere's theorem, Biot-Savart law, electromagnetic induction, Maxwell's equation in free space and in linear isotropic media
• Boundary conditions on the field at interfaces, scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance, electromagnetic waves-reflection and refraction, dispersion, interference, coherence, diffraction, polarization
• Electrodynamics of a charged particle in electric and magnetic fields
• Radiation from moving charges, radiation from a dipole, retarded potential

Physical science: Unit 04

• Wave-particle duality, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
• The Schrodinger equation particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, tunnelling through a barrier, motion in a central potential, orbital angular momentum
• Angular momenta algebra, spin
• Addition of angular momenta
• Time-independent perturbation theory
• Fermi's golden rule
• Elementary theory of scattering in a central potential, phase shifts, partial wave analysis, born approximation, identical particles, spin statistics connection

Physical science: Unit 05

• Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences
• Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell's relations
• Chemical potential, phase equilibrium
• Phase space, microstates and macrostates
• Partition function, free energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities
• Classical and quantum statistics, degenerate electron gas
• Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law, Bose-Einstein condensation
• Einstein and Debye models for lattice specific heat

Physical science: Unit 06

• Measurement of fundamental constants; ehc measurement of high and low resistances, L and C
• Detection of X-rays, gamma rays, charged particles, neutrons, etc
• Ionization chamber, proportional counter, GM counter, scintillation detectors, solid state detectors, emission and absorption spectroscopy, measurement of magnetic field, Hall effect, magnetoresistance
• X-ray and neutron diffraction, vacuum techniques; basic idea of conductance, pumping speed, etc
• Pumps; mechanical pump, diffusion pump; gauges; thermocouple, penning, pirani, hot cathode
• Low temperature; cooling a sample over a range upto 4K and measurement of temperature
• Measurement of energy and time using electronic signals from the detectors and associated instrumentation; signal processing, A/D conversion and multichannel analyzers, time-of-light technique; coincidence measurements
• True to chance ratio, correlation studies
• Error analysis and hypothesis testing propagation of errors, plotting of graph, distributions, least squares fitting, criteria for goodness of fite-chi square test

Physical science: Unit 07

• Physics of p-n junction, diode as a circuit element; clipping,clamping; rectification, Zener regulated power supply: Transistor as a circuit element-CC, CB, and CE configuration,‘transistor as a switch, OR, AND, NOT gates
• Feedback in amplifiers
• Operational amplifier and its applications: Inverting, non-inverting amplifier, adder, integrator, differentiator, waveform generator, comparator, and Schmitt trigger
• Digital integrated circuits-NAND and NOR gates as building blocks, X-OR gate, simple combinational circuits, half and full adder, flip-flop, shift register, counters
• Basic principles of A/D and D/A converters; simple applications of A/D and D/A converters

Physical science: Unit 08

• Quantum states of an electron in an atom
• Hydrogen atom spectrum
• Electron spin
• Stern-gerlach experiment
• Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure, relativistic correction, spectroscopic terms and selection rules, hyperfine structure
• Exchange symmetry of wave functions
• Pauli’s exclusion principle, periodic table alkali-type spectra, LS and JJ coupling, Zeeman, Paschen-Back and Stark effects
• X-rays and Auger transitions, Compton effect, principles of ESR, NMR, molecular physics: Covalent, ionic, and Van der Waals interaction
• Rotation/ vibration spectra
• Raman spectra, selection rules, nuclear spin and intensity alternation, isotope effects, electronic states of diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle
• Lasers-spontaneous and stimulated emission, optical pumping, population inversion, coherence (temporal and spatial) simple description of ammonia maser, CO₂ and He-Ne lasers

Physical science: Unit 09

• Crystal classes and system, 2D and 3D lattices, bonding of common crystal structure; reciprocal lattice, diffraction and structure factor, elementary ideas about point defect and dislocations
• Lattice vibrations, phonons, specific heat of solids, free electron theory-Fermi statistics, heat capacity
• Electron motion in periodic potentials, energy bands in metals, insulators and semiconductors; tight binding approximation; impurity levels in doped semiconductors
• Electronic transport from classical kinetic theory, electrical and thermal conductivity
• Half effect and thermoelectric power transport in semiconductors
• Dielectrics-polarization mechanisms, Clausius-Mossotti equation, piezo, pyro, and ferro electricity
• Dia and paramagnetism; exchange interactions, magnetic order, ferro, antiferro and ferri magnetism
• Super conductivity-basic phenomenology; Meissner effect, type-1 and type-2 superconductors, BCS pairing mechanism

Physical science: Unit 10

• Basic nuclear properties-size, shape, charge distribution; spin and parity, binding, empirical mass formula, liquid drop model
• Nature of nuclear force, elements of deuteron problem, charge independence charge symmetry of nuclear forces
• Evidence for nuclear shell structure
• Single particle shell model-its validity and limitations, collective model
• Interactions of charged particles and EM rays with matter
• Basic principles of particle detectors ionization chamber; gas proportional counter and GM counters, scintillation and semiconductor detectors
• Radioactive decays (a By), basic theoretical understanding nuclear reactions, elementary ideas of reaction mechanisms, compound nucleus and direct reactions, elementary ideas of fission and fusion
• Particle physics: Symmetries and conservation laws, classification of fundamental forces and elementary particles, isospin, strangeness, Gell-Mann Nishijima formula, quark model. CPT invariance in different interactions
• Particle physics: Party non conservation in weak interaction

Political science: Unit 01

• Concepts: Liberty, equality, justice, rights, democracy, power, citizenship, political traditions: Liberalism, conservatism, socialism, Marxism, feminism, ecologism, multiculturalism, postmodernism

Political science: Unit 02

• Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, John Rawls

Political science: Unit 03

• Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Aggañña Sutta, Barani, Kabir, Pandita Ramabai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, Muhammad Iqbal, M.N. Roy, VD Savarkar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, J L Nehru
• Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan, Deendayal Upadhyaya

Political science: Unit 04

• Approaches: Institutional, political culture, political economy, and new institutionalism; comparative methods
• Colonialism and decolonization: forms of colonialism, anti-colonial struggles and decolonization
• Nationalism: European and non-European
• State theory: Debate over the nature of state in capitalist and socialist societies; post-colonial state; welfare state; globalization and nations-states
• Political regimes: Democratic (electoral, liberal, majoritarian, and participatory) and non-democratic regimes (patrimonialism, bureaucratic authoritarianism, military dictatorship, totalitarianism, and fascist)
• Constitutions and Constitutionalism: forms of constitutions, rule of law, judicial independence and liberal constitutionalism; emergency powers and crisis of constitutionalism
• Democratization: Democratic transition and consolidation
• Development: Underdevelopment, dependency, modernization, world systems theory, development, and democracy
• Structures of power: ruling class, power elites, democratic elitism
• Actor and processes: Electoral systems, political parties and party system, interest groups, social movements, new social movements, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society campaigns; revolutions

Political science: Unit 05

• Approaches to the study of international relations: idealism, realism, structural Marxism, neoliberalism, neorealism, social constructivism, critical international theory, feminism, postmodernism
• Concepts: State, state system, and non-state actors, power, sovereignty, security: Traditional and non-traditional
• Conflict and peace: Changing nature of warfare; weapons of mass destruction; deterrence; conflict resolution, conflict transformation
• United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of UN; peace and development perspectives; humanitarian intervention. International law; international criminal court, political economy of IR; globalization
• United nations: Global governance and Bretton Woods system, north-south dialogue, WTO, G-20, BRICS
• Regional organizations: European union, African union, Shanghai cooperation organization, ASEAN
• Contemporary challenges: International terrorism, climate change, and environmental concerns, human rights, migration, and refugees; poverty and development; role of religion, culture, and identity politics

Political science: Unit 06

• Perspectives on India’s foreign policy: India’s identity as postcolonial, development, rising power and as emerging political economy, continuity, and change in India’s foreign policy: Principles and determinants
• Non-alignment movement: Historical background and relevance of non aligned movement; India’s nuclear policy, India’s relations with major powers: USA, USSR/ Russia
• India’s relations with major powers: People’s Republic of China, India’s engagement with multipolar world: India’s relations with European union, BRICS, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, African Union, Southern African Development Community
• India’s engagement with multipolar world: Gulf Cooperation Council, India’s relations with neighborhood: SAARC, Gujral doctrine, Look East/ Act East, Look West
• India’s negotiation strategies in international regimes: The united nations, world trade organization, international monetary fund, intergovernmental panel on climate change, contemporary challenges: Maritime security, energy security
• Contemporary challenges: Environmental security, migrants, and refugees, water resources, international terrorism, cyber security

Political science: Unit 07

• Making of the Indian constitution: Colonialism heritage and the contribution Indian national movement to the making of the Indian constitution, constituent assembly: Composition, ideological moorings, constitutional debates
• Philosophy of the constitution: Preamble, fundamental rights, directive principles, constitutionalism in India: Democracy, social change, national unity, checks and balances, basic structure debate, constitutional amendments
• Union executive: President, prime minister, and council of ministers, union parliament: Structure, role and functioning, parliamentary committees, judiciary: Supreme court, high court, judicial review, judicial activism, judicial reform
• Executive and legislature in the states: Governor, chief minister, state legislature, federalism in India: Strong centre framework, asymmetrical federal provisions and adaption, role of intergovernmental coordination mechanisms, inter-state council
• Federalism in India: Emerging trends
• Electoral process and election commission of India: Conduct of elections, rules, electoral reforms
• Local government institutions: Functioning and reforms
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: Comptroller and auditor general, national commission for scheduled castes, national commission for scheduled tribes, national commission for human rights, national commission for women
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: National commission for minorities

Political science: Unit 08

• State, economy, and development: Nature of Indian state, development planning model, new economic policy, growth and human development
• Process of globalization: Social and economic implications
• Identity politics: religion, tribe, caste, region, language
• Social movements: Dalit, tribal, women, farmers, labour
• Civil society groups: Non-party social formations, non-governmental organizations, social action groups
• Regionalization of Indian politics: Reorganization of Indian states, states as political and economic units, sub-state regions, regional disparities, demand for new states, gender and politics in India: Issues of equality and representation
• Ideology and social basis of political parties: National parties, state parties
• Electoral politics: Participation, contestation, representation, emerging trends

Political science: Unit 09

• Public administration: Meaning and evolution; public and private administration, approaches: System theory, decision making, ecological approach, public administration theories and concepts: Scientific management theory, rational choice theory
• Public administration theories and concepts: New public administration, development administration, comparative public administration, new public management
• Public administration theories and concepts: Changing nature of public administration in the era of liberalization and globalization, theories and principles of organization: Scientific management theory, bureaucratic theory, human relations theory
• Managing the organization: Theories of leadership and motivation
• Organizational communication: Theories and principles, Chester Barnard principles of communication, information management in the organization, managing conflict in the organization: Mary Parker Follett, management by objectives-Peter Drucker

Political science: Unit 10

• Governance, good governance and democratic governance, role of state, civil society, and individuals
• Accountability and control: Institutional mechanism for checks and balances, legislative control over executive, administrative, and budgetary control, control through parliamentary committees, judicial control over legislature and executive
• Accountability and control: Administrative culture, corruption, and administrative reforms, institutional mechanisms for good governance: Right to information, consumer protection act, citizen charter
• Grievance redress system: Ombudsman, Lokpal, Lokayukta, grassroots governance: Panchayati Raj institutions and their functioning, planning, and development: Decentralized planning, planning for development, sustainable development
• Planning and development: Participatory development, e-governance; NITI Aayog, public policy as an instrument of socioeconomic development: Public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, NREGA, NHRM, RTE
• Public policy as an instrument of socioeconomic development: Monitoring and evaluation of public policy; mechanisms of making governance process accountable: Jansunwai, social audit

Psychology: Unit 01

• Psychological thought in some major eastern systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and integral yoga
• Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia
• Issues: The colonial encounter; post colonialism and psychology; lack of distinct disciplinary identity
• Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period
• Structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalytical, Gestalt, behaviorism, humanistic existential, transpersonal, cognitive revolution, multiculturalism
• Four founding paths of academic psychology-Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey
• Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental analytical paradigm (logical empiricism)
• Indic influences on modern psychology
• Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: ontology, epistemology, and methodology
• Paradigms of western psychology: Positivism, post-positivism, critical perspective, social constructionism, existential phenomenology, and cooperative enquiry
• Paradigmatic controversies
• Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga
• Science and spirituality (Avidya and Vidya)
• The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology

Psychology: Unit 02

• Research: Meaning, purpose, and dimensions. Research problems, variables, and operational definitions, hypothesis, sampling. Ethics in conducting and reporting research
• Paradigms of research: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods approach, methods of research: Observation, survey (interview, questionnaires), experimental, quasi-experimental, field studies, cross-cultural studies, phenomenology, grounded theory
• Methods of research: Focus groups, narratives, case studies, ethnography, statistics in psychology: Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Normal probability curve
• Statistics in psychology: Parametric (t-test) and non-parametric tests (sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman). Power analysis. Effect size
• Correlational analysis: Correlation (product moment, rank order), partial correlation, multiple correlation
• Special correlation methods: biserial, point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient
• Regression: simple linear regression, multiple regression
• Factor analysis: assumptions, methods, rotation and interpretation
• Experimental designs: ANOVA (one-way, factorial), randomized block designs, repeated measures design, Latin square, cohort studies, time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs

Psychology: Unit 03

• Types of tests, test construction: Item writing, item analysis, test standardization: Reliability, validity, and norms, areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, personality assessment, interest inventories
• Areas of testing: Attitude scales-semantic differential, staples, Likert scale
• Computer-based psychological testing, applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, organizational, and business, education, counseling, military. Career guidance

Psychology: Unit 04

• Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors and processes, neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters
• The central and peripheral nervous systems: Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity
• Methods of physiological psychology: Invasive methods-anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non-invasive methods-EEG, scanning methods
• Muscular and glandular system: Types and functions, biological basis of motivation: Hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex
• Biological basis of emotion: The limbic system, hormonal regulation of behaviour
• Genetics and behaviour: Chromosomal anomalies; nature-nurture controversy (twin studies and adoption studies)

Psychology: Unit 05

• Attention: Forms of attention, models of attention, perception: Approaches to the study of perception-Gestalt and physiological approaches, perceptual organization: Gestalt, figure, and ground, law of organization
• Perceptual constancy: Size, shape, and color; illusions, perception of form, depth, and movement, role of motivation and learning in perception, signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications, subliminal perception and related factors
• Information processing approach to perception, culture, and perception, perceptual styles, pattern recognition, ecological perspective on perception
• Learning process: Fundamental theories-Thorndike, Guthrie, hull, classical conditioning: Procedure, phenomena, and related issues, instrumental learning: Phenomena, paradigms, and theoretical issues; reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules
• Learning process: Reinforcement-behaviour modification and its applications, cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning. Verbal learning and discrimination learning, recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning
• Memory and forgetting: Memory processes-encoding, storage, retrieval, stages of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory (working memory), long-term memory (declarative-episodic and semantic; procedural)
• Memory and forgetting: Theories of forgetting-interference, retrieval failure, decay, motivated forgetting

Psychology: Unit 06

• Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, gestalt, information processing, feature integration model, concept formation: Rules, types, and strategies; role of concepts in thinking types of reasoning, language and thought
• Problem solving: Type, strategies, and obstacles, decision-making: Types and models, metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation, intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg; Goleman
• Problem solving: Das, Kar, and Parrilla
• Creativity: Torrance, Getzels, and Jackson, Guilford, Wallach and Kogan relationship between intelligence and creativity

Psychology: Unit 07

• Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural, approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian, social learning, trait and type, cognitive, humanistic, existential, transpersonal psychology
• Other theories: Rotter's locus of control, Seligman's explanatory styles, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
• Basic motivational concepts: instincts, needs, drives, arousal, incentives, motivational cycle
• Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R cognitive, humanistic, exploratory behaviour and curiosity, Zuckerman’s sensation seeking, achievement, affiliation, and power, motivational competence, self-regulation, flow
• Emotions: Physiological correlates, theories of emotions: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter, and Singer, Lazarus, Lindsley. Emotion regulation
• Conflicts: Sources and types, stress, and coping: Concept, models, type A, B, C, D behaviours
• Conflicts: Stress management strategies (biofeedback, music therapy, breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation, guided imagery, mindfulness meditation, yogasana, stress inoculation training)

Psychology: Unit 08

• Nature, scope and history of social psychology, traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, cognitive dissonance, sociobiology, psychodynamic approaches, social cognition
• Social perception (communication, attributions); attitude and its change within cultural context; prosocial behaviour, group and social influence (social facilitation; social loafing)
• Social influence (conformity, peer pressure, persuasion, compliance, obedience, social power, reactance)
• Aggression
• Group dynamics, leadership style, and effectiveness
• Theories of intergroup relations (minimal group experiment and social identity theory, relative deprivation theory, realistic conflict theory, balance theories, equity theory, social exchange theory)
• Applied social psychology: Health, environment, and law; personal space, crowding, and territoriality

Psychology: Unit 09

• Developmental processes: Nature, principles, factors in development, stages of development. Successful aging
• Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, behavioristic, and cognitive, various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and moral
• Psychopathology: Concept, mental status examination, classification, causes, psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, person-centered, gestalt, existential, acceptance commitment therapy, behaviour therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, play therapy, positive psychotherapy
• Psychotherapies: Transactional analysis, dialectical behaviour therapy, art therapy, performing art therapy, family therapy
• Applications of theories of motivation and learning in school factors in educational achievement, teacher effectiveness, guidance in schools: Needs, organizational set up and techniques, counselling: Process, skills, and techniques

Psychology: Unit 10

• Issues of Gender, Poverty, Disability, and Migration: Cultural bias and discrimination. Stigma, Marginalization, and Social Suffering; Child Abuse and Domestic violence
• Peace psychology: violence, non-violence, conflict resolution at macro level, role of media in conflict resolution
• Wellbeing and self-growth: Types of wellbeing (hedonic and eudaimonic), character strengths, resilience and post-traumatic growth
• Health: Health promoting and health compromising behaviours, lifestyle and chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease), psychoneuroimmunology (cancer, HIV/ AIDS)
• Psychology and technology interface: Digital learning; Digital etiquette: Cyber bullying; Cyber pornography: Consumption, implications; Parental mediation of Digital Usage