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The UPSC Combined Defence Services (CDS) examination is a highly competitive process aimed at selecting candidates for officer positions in the Indian Armed Forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The UPSC CDS selection process consists of a written examination, an interview conducted by the Services Selection Board (SSB), a medical test by Indian Navy (Naval candidates only) and the final shortlisting for the CDS result 2024.
The final appointment letter for the shortlisted candidates after the UPSC CDS selection process is drafted by IHQ MoD/DMPR. The CDS officer training period for the successful candidates commences in Jan/Jul and the advertisement for it will be published in Nov/Jul.
After the declaration of UPSC CDS result 2024 for the written test, those who qualify are invited for the SSB interview, which comprises various psychological and physical tests along with group discussions and personal interviews. The SSB evaluates candidates' leadership potential, planning & organising ability, social adaptability, social effectiveness, dynamic ability and overall suitability for a career as an officer. The CDS selection process for the SSB interview round is as follows:
(i) Stage - I: It involves an OIR test and PPDT (Picture Perception and Discussion test).
(ii) Stage - II : It involves Psychological testing, Group testing (GTO) and Personal Interview.
Candidates who successfully clear the SSB interview have to further undergo a Medical examination for around 3-5 days.
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Reporting day: The candidates are required to report at the SSB board for document verification and filing PIQ forms. Candidates are also required to report to the place listed in the call letter which is usually the Moment Control Office (MCQ).
The first testing stage of the SSB interview involves screening through an OIR test and PPDT. OIR (Officers’ Intelligence Rating test) is a Verbal and Non-verbal Test which tests the candidate’s basic aptitude. This round is followed by PPDT (Picture Perception and Discussion Test) which involves story writing and group discussion. For this round, the candidate is shown a picture for 30 secs and given 3 minutes to construct a story around it. The candidates are further divided into groups and made to narrate their story in the group and have a group discussion on it. With this PPDT round, the first stage of testing is concluded. The selected candidates move onto the second stage of testing.
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In the second round of testing, the psychological suitability of a candidate is measured through multiple psychological tests such as Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Word Association Test (WAT), Situation Reaction Test (SRT) and Self Description Test (SD).
After the psychological tests, in the GTO (Group Testing), the physical agility and group performance of the candidate is tested through numerous outdoor tasks such as Group Planning Exercise (GPE), Progressive Group Task (PGT), Half Group Task (HGT), Individual Obstacles Task (IOT), Command Task, Snake race/Group Obstacle Race, Individual Lecturette, Final Group Task (FGT). In this series of tests, candidates are required to work in collaboration with the group without competing with the other candidates.
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The final round of the SSB interview procedure is a personal interview. This is an essential part of the CDS selection process as the SSB questions and answers determine whether the candidate will get shortlisted or not. In this round, each candidate has to face the SSB group members and answer the questions posed by the interviewing officers.
After successful completion of training, candidates selected through CDS exams are given the rank of Lieutenant.
The candidate must be mentally sound and physically fit according to the guidelines issued by the Commission.
The CDS exam is conducted in two stages, the written exam and the SSB interview.
The CDS training is scheduled for 1.5 years for Army cadets, 37 to 40 months for Navy cadets and 74 months for Air Force cadets.
NDA provides joint training for Army, Navy, and Air Force cadets, while CDS selects candidates for specific academies like the Indian Military Academy and Indian Air Force Academy.
As per the CDS Salary Structure, the selected candidates will join as Lieutenant on the pay scale of Rs 56,100 -1,77,500 per month after training.
Application Date:06 June,2025 - 26 June,2025
Exam Date:12 July,2025 - 12 July,2025
Yes, You are eligible to apply for CDS OTA 2026(April exam) Based on your date of birth
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Hello Aditya,
As a PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) student after your 12th board exam, you cannot directly appear for the Combined Defence Services (CDS) exam because it requires a bachelor’s degree. However, here’s a clear and concise guide on how you can prepare for and give the CDS exam after completing further studies, tailored to your background:
I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.
Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.
To prepare for CDS, CGL, and CAT during graduation, create a clear study schedule focusing on basics, reasoning, and aptitude. Practice daily mocks, improve time management, and stay consistent. Balance college and preparation with discipline and regular revision.
Your date of birth is 24th February 2006, and you will complete graduation in July 2028. For the CDS exam, the maximum number of attempts depends on your age limit and category, but generally, candidates have around 4 to 6 attempts before reaching the age limit.
For CDS 2 2025, with a date of birth of 6th October 2001, you are eligible for both IMA and OTA. The age limits for IMA are 19-24 years and for OTA are 19-25 years as of 1st January 2025, making you eligible for both academies.
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