UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024 for Paper 1 & Paper 2

UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024 for Paper 1 & Paper 2

Edited By Meghana Mohana Krishnan | Updated on Feb 14, 2024 05:49 PM IST | #UPSC CSE
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Candidates attempting the UPSC Sociology optional in the civil services exam are advised to acquaint themselves with the IAS Sociology 2024 Syllabus. The UPSC sociology syllabus pdf download can be done on the official UPSC website- upsc.gov.in. The sociology syllabus contains a list of important topics that will be covered in the IAS exam.
Download - IAS Sociology Syllabus 2024 pdf

This Story also Contains
  1. UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024 (Paper 1 & 2)
  2. UPSC Sociology Books 2024
  3. UPSC Sociology Optional Books
UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024 for Paper 1 & Paper 2
UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024 for Paper 1 & Paper 2

The UPSC CSE Syllabus and the official Civil services exam pattern can help aspirants prepare a solid preparation strategy. Candidates are encouraged to consult the UPSC Sociology syllabus and account for the topics in the syllabus while drafting a preparation strategy for the IAS exam.

Sociology as a subject is very important for UPSC Exam Preparation because there is an overlap between the topics covered in the IAS Sociology 2024 Syllabus and the topics covered in the general studies paper. This makes sociology a valuable optional subject to choose because candidates can study more efficiently due to the overlap of topics from the UPSC Sociology Syllabus. Candidates are encouraged to download the UPSC sociology optional syllabus pdf and go through the material below for information regarding the IAS Sociology Syllabus.

UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024 (Paper 1 & 2)

It is important for candidates preparing for Sociology as an optional subject must go through the Sociology Optional Syllabus for IAS 2024. UPSC Sociology syllabus for IAS is released separately for both the CSE prelims and the mains. For more details, candidates can consult the IAS Sociology Syllabus in the table below.

UPSC Sociology Optional Syllabus for Paper I

Chapters

Topics

Sociology - The Discipline

  • Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

  • Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.

  • Sociology and common sense.

Research Methods and Analysis

  • Qualitative and quantitative methods.

  • Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

  • Techniques of data collection.

Works and Economic Life

  • Formal and informal organization of work.

  • Social organization of work in different types of society - slave society, feudal society, industrial capitalist society.

  • Labour and society.

Sociological Thinkers

  • Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.

  • Talcott Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.

  • Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.

  • Mead - Self and identity

  • Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.

  • Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.

Sociology as Science

  • Non-positivist methodologies.

  • Science, scientific method and critique.

  • Fact value and objectivity.

  • Major theoretical strands of research methodology.

  • Positivism and its critique.

Stratification and Mobility

  • Theories of social stratification - Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.

  • Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.

  • Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.

  • Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.

Politics and Society

  • Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

  • Sociological theories of power.

  • Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.

  • Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.

Religion and Society

  • Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.

  • Sociological theories of religion.

  • Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.

Social Change in Modern Society

  • Development and dependency.

  • Sociological theories of social change.

  • Education and social change.

  • Science, technology and social change.

  • Agents of social change.

Systems of Kinship

  • Lineage and descent.

  • Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.

  • Types and forms of family.

  • Contemporary trends.

  • Family, household, marriage.

Also read: Information about category-wise career exams

UPSC CSE Preparation Strategy and Best Books
UPSC CSE preparation strategy along with best books for prelims as well as mains exam for sure success.
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UPSC Sociology Optional Syllabus for Paper II

Chapter

Topics

Introducing Indian Society

Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society

  • Indology (G.S. Ghure).

  • Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).

  • Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).

Impact of colonial rule on Indian society

  • Modernization of Indian tradition.

  • Social reforms.

  • Social background of Indian nationalism.

  • Protests and movements during the colonial period.

Social Structure



Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

  • Agrarian social structure— evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

  • The idea of Indian village and village studies.

Caste System in India

  • Untouchability-forms and perspectives

  • Features of caste system.

  • Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.

Systems of Kinship in India

  • Household dimensions of the family.

  • Lineage and descent in India.

  • Types of kinship systems.

  • Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.

  • Family and marriage in India.

Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India

  • Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration

  • Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.

  • Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

  • Green revolution and social change.

Religion and Society

  • Social Changes in India

  • Problems of religious minorities.

  • Religious communities in India.

Tribal Communities in India

  • Definitional problems.

  • Colonial policies and tribes.

  • Issues of integration and autonomy.

  • Geographical spread.

Social Classes in India

  • Industrial class structure.

  • Agrarian class structure.

  • Middle classes in India.

Visions of Social Change in India

  • Education and social change.

  • Constitution, law and social change.

  • Idea of development planning and mixed economy.

Politics and Society

  • Regionalism and decentralization of power.

  • Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.

  • Secularization.

  • Nation, democracy and citizenship.

Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

  • Evolution of modern industry in India.

  • Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

  • Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

  • Growth of urban settlements in India.

  • Informal sector, child labour.

Social Movements in Modern India

  • Backward classes & Dalit movements.

  • Peasants and farmers movements.

  • Women’s movement.

  • Environmental movements.

  • Ethnicity and Identity movements.

Population Dynamics

  • Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

  • Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

  • Population Policy and family planning.

  • Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

Challenges of Social Transformation

  • Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

  • Illiteracy and disparities in education.

  • Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.

  • Violence against women.

  • Caste conflicts.

  • Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.

UPSC Subject-wise Questions for various Subjects

Why Choose Sociology as UPSC Optional Subject?

Given the large number of optional subjects that one can choose from while writing the IAS exam 2024, many candidates are bound to get confused about the best optional subject for them. Let’s discuss some of the advantages of choosing Sociology as an optional subject to provide some clarity to those looking to take this subject.

  • Candidates taking sociology will be able to study efficiently as there is an overlap in topics covered in the IAS sociology optional syllabus and the General studies paper.

  • Candidates from any background can pick sociology as a subject

  • The sociology syllabus is relatively shorter compared to some other subjects

  • Sociology is a great choice of optional subject for those who prefer subjects that can be learnt by conceptual understanding over rote learning

  • Sociology as a subject complements the profession of an IAS officer really well as the topics covered by the UPSC Sociology Syllabus deal with the condition of society.

UPSC Sociology Books 2024

Along with the UPSC Sociology Syllabus 2024, candidates can also refer to this curated list of the best books for IAS Sociology optional to find good study material for preparation.

  • Yogendra Singh book- Modernisation of Indian Tradition

  • Social change in India - M.N. Srinivas

  • Mahapatra class notes

  • Upendra sir notes

  • Haralambos Blue book

  • NCERT books of sociology

  • IGNOU books (Certain chapters)

  • Social Background of Indian Nationalism - A.R. Desai

Also read: UPSC Mock Tests Series for UPSC


UPSC Sociology Optional Books

Candidates preparing for the UPSC Sociology 2024 exam must go through the list of recommended books for the exam in order to study the topics from the UPSC Sociology Syllabus effectively. For more details, candidates can consult the table given below.

Sociology Optional Books for Paper-I

Book name

Author

Sociological Theory

Ritzer George

Political Theory

O P Gauba

Related Articles

Sociology Optional Books for Paper-II

Book name

Author

Indian Society and Culture

Nadeem Hasnain

Persistence and Change in Tribal India

M.V. Rao

Also check:


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the selection process of the IAS 2024 exam?

IAS selection process 2024 comprises prelims exam, mains exam and personal interview.

2. What is the age limit to apply for IAS 2024 application form?

Candidates between the age of 21 to 32 years can fill out the IAS application form.

3. Can I challenge the answer key of IAS 2024?

No candidates are not allowed to challenge the IAS answer key.

4. How will the IAS 2024 result be released?

IAS result 2024 will be released in PDF having roll numbers of all the qualified candidates.

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Questions related to UPSC CSE

Have a question related to UPSC CSE ?

Hello!!

That's a great goal—and your background as a research scholar can actually be a big asset in preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Exam (CSE), which is the path to becoming an IAS officer.

Step-by-Step Guide to Become an IAS Officer:

1. Understand the Exam Structure

The UPSC CSE has three stages:

Prelims: Objective (GS Paper + CSAT)

Mains: Descriptive (9 papers)

Interview: Personality Test

2. Check Eligibility

Age: 21 to 32 (for General category)

Degree: Any graduate degree (you already qualify)

3. Choose Your Optional Subject

Choose something you’re comfortable with (can be from your research field if it's available).

Popular optionals: Sociology, Geography, PSIR, Anthropology, etc.

4. Build a Study Plan

Since you're a research scholar, time management is key.

Daily 4–6 hours of focused study can work if you're consistent.

Focus on:

NCERTs (6th–12th)

Standard books (like Laxmikanth for Polity, Spectrum for History)

Current Affairs (The Hindu, Indian Express, or PIB + Monthly compilations)

5. Join a Test Series (Optional but Helpful)

For Prelims and Mains: to build speed, writing skills, and clarity.

6. Practice Answer Writing

Mains is all about articulation. Practice with previous year questions and mock tests.

7. Appear for the Exam

Notification comes out around February.

Prelims is in May/June, Mains in September, and Interview early next year.

How to Align This With Your Research Schedule:

Create a realistic time-table that includes 2–3 hours on weekdays, and more on weekends.

Use your research experience for deeper understanding and essay writing.

If your goal is to become an IAS officer, choose a degree that supports UPSC preparation and also provides a good backup:

BA in Political Science, History, Geography, or Economics is ideal for IAS.
BSc or BCom is fine too, but you'll need to study humanities separately for UPSC.
For backup, pick a subject with good job prospects like BBA or Computer Science.

KCET is required only if you're planning professional courses like Engineering or Agriculture. It's not needed for BA or general degrees.

After 10th for IAS

Hello aspirant,

For becoming IAS , you have to first complete your graduation from any background from any recognised university or college. If you are in your final year, then also you are eligible. After that you have to give an entrance exam name UPSC . If you will clear this exam then according to your marks you may get the IAS position.

To know about UPSC entrance exam, kindly go through the given link:

https://competition.careers360.com/exams/upsc-cse

All the best!!

Hello Rishika,

You can take any stream for becoming IAS. As per the eligibility criteria of UPSC IAS , student have to graduate from any stream from any recognised university or college. So it's doesn't matter from which stream you choose. But if you really want to become IAS, then humanities , arts related subject helps you alot.

To know more, kindly go through the given link:

https://competition.careers360.com/exams/upsc-cse

Good luck!

Greetings! Here's a detailed response to your query

To start your prep for IAS exams without any coaching and free of cost here are some pointers you can follow :-

1.Understand the exam- To get started with IAS prep, first grab the official UPSC syllabus for both the first exam (Prelims) and the main exam (Mains) from their website. Understand what you need to study and how important each topic is.

Next, learn how the exam is set up. There are three parts: a multiple-choice test (Prelims), a written exam with long answers (Mains), and an interview. Know how many papers are in each, how you get marks, and how much time you get.

Finally, look at old exam papers from the last 5 to 10 years. This will give you an idea of how tough the exam is, what kinds of questions they ask, and which topics you should really focus on.

2.Build a strong foundation-Begin your IAS study with NCERT books from classes 6 to 12 for subjects like History, Geography, Civics, Economics, and Science. These will give you a basic understanding. Once you know the basics well, switch to standard books for each subject. You can find lists of recommended books online from people who've cleared the exam. Some popular ones are mentioned for Polity, Economy, Modern History, and Geography.

3.Stay updated with current affairs- To stay updated for IAS, read a good national newspaper every day (like The Hindu or Indian Express) and jot down important news from India and the world. Also, read magazines like Yojana and Kurukshetra to understand social and economic topics deeply. Check websites like PIB and those of research groups for info on government plans and reports.

4.Utilize free online resources-For IAS prep help, check out websites like BYJU'S, ClearIAS, and Mrunal. They have free study stuff. Also, watch YouTube channels by teachers and ex-IAS officers for tips and lessons. Join online groups to ask questions and learn from others preparing for the exam.

5.Mock tests and self assessment-Take free practice tests online for both Prelims and Mains to see how ready you are and what you need to work on. After each test, check what you did wrong and focus on fixing those things. Remember to study regularly, believe in yourself, and take breaks so you don't get too tired. Consistency is more important than studying for many hours at once.

I hope this helps . Financial problems can never stop one from dreaming and achieving things in their life. Stay motivated!!!

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