HP SET Exam 2023 - Latest News, Application Form, Eligibility, Admit Card, Result

Commerce: Unit 01

• Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment-economic systems, economic policies (monetary and fiscal policies); political environment-role of government in business; legal environment-consumer protection act, FEMA
• Concepts and elements of business environment: Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; corporate social responsibility (CSR)
• Scope and importance of international business; globalization and its drivers; modes of entry into international business
• Theories of international trade; government intervention in international trade; tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI); types of FDI, costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy
• Balance of payments (BOP): importance and components of BOP
• Regional economic Integration: Levels of regional economic integration; trade creation and diversion effects; regional trade agreements: European union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
• International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
• World trade organization (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; agriculture agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

Commerce: Unit 02

• Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates
• Partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, death, dissolution, and insolvency of partnership firms
• Corporate accounting: Issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares; liquidation of companies; acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies
• Holding company accounts
• Cost and management accounting: Marginal costing and break-even analysis; standard costing; budgetary control; process costing; activity based costing (ABC); costing for decision-making; life cycle costing, target costing, kaizen costing and JIT
• Financial statements analysis: Ratio analysis; funds flow analysis; cash flow analysis
• Human resources accounting; inflation accounting; environmental accounting
• Indian accounting standards and IFRS
• Auditing: Independent financial audit; vouching; verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; audit of financial statements and audit report; cost audit
• Recent trends in auditing: Management audit; energy audit; environment audit; systems audit; safety audit

Commerce: Unit 03

• Meaning and scope of business economics
• Objectives of business firms
• Demand analysis: Law of demand; elasticity of demand and its measurement; relationship between AR and MR
• Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; indifference curve analysis
• Law of variable proportions: law of returns to scale
• Theory of cost: short-run and long-run cost curves
• Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; monopolistic competition; oligopoly-price leadership model; monopoly; price discrimination
• Pricing strategies: Price skimming; price penetration; peak load pricing

Commerce: Unit 04

• Scope and sources of finance; lease financing
• Cost of capital and time value of money
• Capital Structure
• Capital budgeting decisions: conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
• Working capital management; dividend decision: Theories and policies
• Risk and return analysis; asset securitization
• International monetary system
• Foreign exchange market; exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
• International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
• International arbitrage; multinational capital budgeting

Commerce: Unit 05

• Measures of central tendency
• Measures of dispersion
• Measures of skewness
• Correlation and regression of two variables
• Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
• Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Research: Concept and types; research designs
• Data: collection and classification of data
• Sampling and estimation: Concepts; methods of sampling-probability and nonprobability methods; sampling distribution; central limit theorem; standard error; statistical estimation
• Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); rank correlation test
• Report writing

Commerce: Unit 06

• Principles and functions of management
• Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; span of control
• Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization
• Motivation and leadership: concept and theories
• Corporate governance and business ethics
• Human resource management: Concept, role, and functions of HRM; human resource planning; recruitment and selection; training and development; succession planning
• Compensation management: Job evaluation; incentives and fringe benefits
• Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal
• Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
• Personality: Perception; attitudes; emotions; group dynamics; power and politics; conflict and negotiation; stress management
• Organizational culture: organizational development and organizational change

Commerce: Unit 07

• Overview of indian financial system
• Types of banks: Commercial banks; regional rural banks (RRBs); foreign banks; cooperative banks
• Reserve bank of India: Functions; role and monetary policy management
• Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; risk management; NPA management
• Financial markets: Money market; capital market; government securities market
• Financial institutions: Development finance institutions (DFIs); non-banking financial companies (NBFCs); mutual funds; pension funds
• Financial regulators in India
• Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion
• Digitization of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; digital payments systems
• Insurance: Types of insurance-life and non-life insurance; risk classification and management; factors limiting the insurability of risk; re-insurance; regulatory framework of insurance-IRDA and its role

Commerce: Unit 08

• Marketing: Concept and approaches; marketing channels; marketing mix; strategic marketing planning; market segmentation, targeting and positioning
• Product decisions: Concept; product line; product mix decisions; product life cycle; new product development
• Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; pricing policies and strategies
• Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; promotion methods-advertising; personal selling; publicity; sales promotion tools and techniques; promotion mix
• Distribution decisions: channels of distribution; channel management
• Consumer behaviour; consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions
• Service marketing
• Trends in marketing: Social marketing; online marketing; green marketing; direct marketing; rural marketing; CRM
• Logistics management

Commerce: Unit 09

• Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts
• Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; contracts of agency
• Sale of goods act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; doctrine of caveat emptor; rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
• Negotiable instruments act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; negotiation and assignment; dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
• The companies act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; company formation; management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company
• Limited Liability Partnership: structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
• The Competition Act, 2002: objectives and main provisions
• The information technology act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; cyber crimes and penalties
• The RTI Act, 2005: objectives and main provisions
• Intellectual property rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks, and copyrights; emerging issues in intellectual property
• Goods and services tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; benefits of GST; implementation mechanism; working of dual GST

Commerce: Unit 10

• Income-tax: Basic concepts; residential status and tax incidence; exempted incomes; agricultural income; computation of taxable income under various heads; deductions from gross total income; assessment of individuals; clubbing of incomes
• International taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; transfer pricing
• Corporate tax planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; tax avoidance versus tax evasion; techniques of corporate tax planning; tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; own or lease an asset; retain
• Corporate tax planning: Renewal or replacement of asset; shut down or continue operations
• Deduction and collection of tax at source; advance payment of tax; e-filing of income-tax returns

Computer science and applications: Unit 01

• Mathematical logic: Propositional and predicate logic, propositional equivalences, normal forms, predicates, and quantifiers, nested quantifiers, rules of inference
• Sets and relations: Set operations, representation and properties of relations, equivalence relations, partially ordering
• Counting, mathematical induction and discrete probability: Basics of counting, pigeon hole principle, permutations and combinations, inclusion-exclusion principle, mathematical induction, probability, Bayes’ theorem
• Group theory: Groups, subgroups, semi groups, product and quotients of algebraic structures, isomorphism, homomorphism, automorphism, rings, integral domains, fields, applications of group theory
• Graph theory: Simple graph, multigraph, weighted graph, paths, and circuits, shortest paths in weighted graphs, eulerian paths, and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, planner graph, graph coloring, bipartite graphs, trees and rooted trees
• Graph theory: Prefix codes, tree traversals, spanning trees and cut-sets
• Boolean algebra: Boolean functions and its representation, simplifications of Boolean functions
• Optimization: Linear programming-mathematical model, graphical solution, simplex and dual simplex method, sensitive analysis; integer programming, transportation and assignment models, PERT-CPM: diagram representation, critical path calculations
• Optimization: Resource levelling, cost consideration in project scheduling

Computer science and applications: Unit 02

• Digital logic circuits and components: Digital computers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, map simplifications, combinational circuits, flip-flops, sequential circuits, integrated circuits, decoders, multiplexers, registers, and counters, memory unit
• Data representation: Data types, number systems and conversion, complements, fixed point representation, floating point representation, error detection codes, computer arithmetic-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division algorithms
• Register transfer and microoperations: Register transfer language, bus and memory transfers, arithmetic, logic, and shift microoperations
• Basic computer organization and design: Stored program organization and instruction codes, computer registers, computer instructions, timing and control, instruction cycle, memory-reference instructions, input-output, interrupt
• Programming the basic computer: Machine language, assembly language, assembler, program loops, subroutines, input-output programming
• Microprogrammed control: Control memory, address sequencing, design of control unit
• Central processing unit: General register organization, stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes, RISC computer, CISC computer
• Pipeline and vector processing: Parallel processing, pipelining, arithmetic pipeline, instruction pipeline, vector processing array processors
• Input-output organization: Peripheral devices, input-output interface, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, DMA, serial communication
• Memory hierarchy: Main memory, auxiliary memory, associative memory, cache memory, virtual memory, memory management hardware
• Multiprocessors: Characteristics of multiprocessors, interconnection structures, interprocessor arbitration, interprocessor communication and synchronization, cache coherence, multicore processors

Computer science and applications: Unit 03

• Language design and translation issues: Programming language concepts, paradigms, and models, programming environments, virtual computers and binding times, programming language syntax, stages in translation, formal transition models
• Elementary data types: Properties of types and objects; scalar and composite data types
• Programming in C: Tokens, identifiers, data types, sequence control, subprogram control, arrays, structures, union, string, pointers, functions, file handling, command line arguments, preprocessors
• Object oriented programming: Class, object, instantiation, inheritance, encapsulation, abstract class, polymorphism
• Programming in C++: Tokens, identifiers, variables and constants; data types, operators, control statements, functions parameter passing, virtual functions, class, and objects; constructors and destructors; overloading, inheritance, templates
• Programming in C++: Exception and event handling; streams and files; multifile programs
• Web programming: HTML, DHTML, XML, scripting, java, servlets, applets
• Computer graphics: Video-display devices, raster-scan and random-scan systems; graphics monitors, input devices, points and lines; line drawing algorithms, mid-point circle and ellipse algorithms; scan line polygon fill algorithm
• Computer graphics: Boundary-fill and flood-fill
• 2-D geometrical transforms and viewing: Translation, scaling, rotation, reflection and shear transformations; matrix representations and homogeneous coordinates; composite transforms, transformations between coordinate systems, viewing pipeline
• 2-D geometrical transforms and viewing: Viewing coordinate reference frame, window to view-port coordinate transformation, viewing functions, line and polygon clipping algorithms
• 3-D object representation, geometric transformations and viewing: Polygon surfaces, quadric surfaces, spline representation, Bezier and B-spline curves; Bezier and B-spline surfaces; illumination models, polygon rendering methods
• 3-D object representation, geometric transformations and viewing: Viewing pipeline and coordinates; general projection transforms and cipping

Computer science and applications: Unit 04

• Database system concepts and architecture: Data models, schemas, and instances; three-schema architecture and data independence; database languages and interfaces; centralized and client/ server architectures for DBMS
• Data modeling: Entity-relationship diagram, relational model-constraints, languages, design, and programming, relational database schemas, update operations and dealing with constraint violations; relational algebra and relational calculus; Codd rules
• SQL: Data definition and data types; constraints, queries, insert, delete, and update statements; views, stored procedures and functions; database triggers, SQL injection
• Normalization for relational databases: Functional dependencies and normalization; algorithms for query processing and optimization; transaction processing, concurrency control techniques, database recovery techniques
• Normalization for relational databases: Object and object-relational databases; database security and authorization
• Enhanced data models: Temporal database concepts, multimedia databases, deductive databases, XML and internet databases; mobile databases, geographic information systems, genome data management, distributed databases and client-server architectures
• Data warehousing and data mining: Data modeling for data warehouses, concept hierarchy, olap and oltp; association rules, classification, clustering, regression, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, hidden Markov model, summarization
• Data warehousing and data mining: Dependency modeling, link analysis, sequencing analysis, social network analysis
• Big data systems: Big data characteristics, types of big data, big data architecture, introduction to map-reduce and hadoop; distributed file system, HDFS
• NOSQL: NOSQL and query optimization; different NOSQL products, querying and managing NOSQL; indexing and ordering data sets; NOSQL in cloud

Computer science and applications: Unit 05

• System software: Machine, assembly and high-level languages; compilers and interpreters; loading, linking, and relocation; macros, debuggers
• Basics of operating systems: Operating system structure, operations and services; system calls, operating-system design and implementation; system boot
• Process management: Process scheduling and operations; interprocess communication, communication in client-server systems, process synchronization, critical-section problem, Peterson’s solution, semaphores, synchronization
• Threads: Multicore programming, multithreading models, thread libraries, implicit threading, threading issues
• CPU scheduling: Scheduling criteria and algorithms; thread scheduling, multiple processor scheduling, real-time CPU scheduling
• Deadlocks: Deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention, avoidance and detection; recovery from deadlock
• Memory management: Contiguous memory allocation, swapping, paging, segmentation, demand paging, page replacement, allocation of frames, thrashing, memory-mapped files
• Storage management: Mass-storage structure, disk structure, scheduling and management, RAID structure
• File and input/ output systems: Access methods, directory and disk structure; file system mounting, file sharing, file-system structure and implementation; directory implementation, allocation methods, free-space management, efficiency and performance
• File and input/ output systems: Recovery, I/ O hardware, application I/ O interface, kernel I/ O subsystem, transforming I/ O requests to hardware operations
• Security: Protection, access matrix, access control, revocation of access rights, program threats, system and network threats; cryptography as a security tool, user authentication, implementing security defenses
• Virtual machines: Types of virtual machines and implementations; virtualization
• Linux operating systems: Design principles, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, memory management, file systems, input and output; interprocess communication, network structure
• Windows operating systems: Design principles, system components, terminal services and fast user switching; file system, networking
• Distributed systems: Types of network based operating systems, network structure, communication structure and protocols; robustness, design issues, distributed file systems

Computer science and applications: Unit 06

• Software process models: Software process, generic process model-framework activity, task set and process patterns; process lifecycle, prescriptive process models, project management, component based development, aspect-oriented software development
• Software process models: Formal methods, agile process models-extreme programming (XP), adaptive software development, scrum, dynamic system development model, feature driven development, crystal, web engineering
• Software requirements: Functional and non-functional requirements; eliciting requirements, developing use cases, requirement analysis and modelling; requirements review, software requirement and specification (SRS) document
• Software design: Abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, functional independence, cohesion and coupling; object-oriented design, data design, architectural design, user interface design
• Software design: Component level design
• Software quality: McCall’s quality factors, ISO 9126 quality factors, quality control, quality assurance, risk management, risk mitigation, monitoring, and management (RMMM); software reliability
• Estimation and scheduling of software projects: Software sizing, LOC and FP based estimations; estimating cost and effort; estimation models, constructive cost model (COCOMO), project scheduling and staffing; time-line charts
• Software testing: Verification and validation; error, fault, bug and failure; unit and integration testing; white-box and black-box testing; basis path testing, control structure testing, deriving test cases, alpha and beta testing; regression testing
• Software testing: Performance testing, stress testing
• Software configuration management: Change control and version control; software reuse, software re-engineering, reverse engineering

Computer science and applications: Unit 07

• Data structures: Arrays and their applications; sparse matrix, stacks, queues, priority queues, linked lists, trees, forest, binary tree, threaded binary tree, binary search tree, AVL tree, B tree, B+ tree, B* tree, data structure for sets, graphs
• Data structures: Sorting and searching algorithms; hashing
• Performance analysis of algorithms and recurrences: Time and space complexities; asymptotic notation, recurrence relations
• Design techniques: Divide and conquer; dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, backtracking, branch and bound
• Lower bound theory: Comparison trees, lower bounds through reductions
• Graph algorithms: Breadth-first search, depth-first search, shortest paths, maximum flow, minimum spanning trees
• Complexity theory: P and NP class problems; NP-completeness and reducibility
• Selected topics: Number theoretic algorithms, polynomial arithmetic, fast Fourier transform, string matching algorithms
• Advanced algorithms: Parallel algorithms for sorting, searching and merging, approximation algorithms, randomized algorithms

Computer science and applications: Unit 08

• Theory of computation: Formal language, non-computational problems, diagonal argument, Russell’s paradox
• Regular language models: Deterministic finite automaton (DFA), non-deterministic finite automaton (NDFA), equivalence of DFA and NDFA, regular languages, regular grammars, regular expressions, properties of regular language, pumping lemma
• Regular language models: Non regular languages, lexical analysis
• Context free language: Pushdown automaton (PDA), non-deterministic pushdown automaton (NPDA), context free grammar, Chomsky normal form, Greibach normal form, ambiguity, parse tree representation of derivation trees
• Context free language: Equivalence of PDA’S and context free grammars; properties of context free language
• Turing machines (TM): Standard turing machine and its variations; universal turing machines, models of computation and church-turing thesis; recursive and recursively enumerable languages; context-sensitive languages, unrestricted grammars
• Turing machines (TM): Chomsky hierarchy of languages, construction of TM for simple problems
• Unsolvable problems and computational complexity: Unsolvable problem, halting problem, post correspondence problem, unsolvable problems for context-free languages, measuring and classifying complexity, tractable and intractable problems
• Syntax analysis: Associativity, precedence, grammar transformations, top down parsing, recursive descent predictive parsing, LL (1) parsing, bottom up parsing, LR parser, LALR (1) parser
• Semantic analysis: Attribute grammar, syntax directed definitions, inherited and synthesized attributes; dependency graph, evaluation order, S-attributed and L-attributed definitions; type-checking
• Run time system: Storage organization, activation tree, activation record, stack allocation of activation records, parameter passing mechanisms, symbol table
• Intermediate code generation: Intermediate representations, translation of declarations, assignments, control flow, Boolean expressions and procedure calls
• Code generation and code optimization: Control-flow, data-flow analysis, local optimization, global optimization, loop optimization, peep-hole optimization, instruction scheduling

Computer science and applications: Unit 09

• Data communication: Components of a data communication system, simplex, half-duplex and duplex modes of communication; analog and digital signals; noiseless and noisy channels; bandwidth, throughput and latency; digital and analog transmission
• Data communication: Data encoding and modulation techniques; broadband and baseband transmission; multiplexing, transmission media, transmission errors, error handling mechanisms
• Computer networks: Network topologies, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area network, wireless networks, internet
• Network models: Layered architecture, OSI reference model and its protocols; TCP/ Ip protocol suite, physical, logical, port and specific addresses; switching techniques
• Functions of OSI and TCP/ IP layers: Framing, error detection and correction; flow and error control; sliding window protocol, HDLC, multiple access-CSMA/ CD, CSMA/ CA,, reservation, polling, token passing, FDMA, CDMA, TDMA, network devices
• Functions of OSI and TCP/ IP layers: Backbone networks, virtual lans. IPv4 structure and address space; classful and classless addressing; datagram, fragmentation and checksum; IPv6 packet format, mapping logical to physical address (ARP)
• Functions of OSI and TCP/ IP layers: Direct and indirect network layer delivery; routing algorithms, TCP, UDP, and SCTP protocols; flow control, error control, and congestion control in TCP and SCTP
• World wide web (WWW): Uniform resource locator (URL), domain name service (DNS), resolution-mapping names to addresses and addresses to names; electronic mail architecture, SMTP, POP, and IMAP; TELNET, and FTP
• Network security: Malwares, cryptography and steganography; secret-key algorithms, public-key algorithms, digital signature, virtual private networks, firewalls
• Mobile technology: GSM and CDMA; services and architecture of GSM and mobile computing; middleware and gateway for mobile computing; mobile IP and mobile communication protocol; communication satellites, wireless networks and topologies; cellular topology
• Mobile technology: Mobile adhoc networks, wireless transmission and wireless LANs; wireless geolocation systems, GPRS and SMS
• Cloud computing and IOT: SAAS, PAAS, IAAS, public and private cloud; virtualization, virtual server, cloud storage, database storage, resource management, service level agreement, basics of IOT

Computer science and applications: Unit 10

• Approaches to AI: Turing test and rational agent approaches; state space representation of problems, heuristic search techniques, game playing, min-max search, alpha beta cutoff procedures
• Knowledge representation: Logic, semantic networks, frames, rules, scripts, conceptual dependency and ontologies; expert systems, handling uncertainty in knowledge
• Planning: Components of a planning system, linear and non linear planning; goal stack planning, hierarchical planning, strips, partial order planning
• Natural language processing: Grammar and language; parsing techniques, semantic analysis and prgamatics
• Multi agent systems: Agents and objects; agents and expert systems; generic structure of multi-agent system, semantic web, agent communication, knowledge sharing using ontologies, agent development tools
• Fuzzy sets: Notion of fuzziness, membership functions, fuzzification and defuzzification; operations on fuzzy sets, fuzzy functions and linguistic variables; fuzzy relations, fuzzy rules and fuzzy inference
• Fuzzy sets: Fuzzy control system and fuzzy rule based systems
• Genetic algorithms (GA): Encoding strategies, genetic operators, fitness functions, and GA cycle; problem solving using GA
• Artificial neural networks (ANN): Supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning; single perceptron, multi layer perceptron, self organizing maps, Hopfield network

Economics: Unit 01

• Theory of consumer behaviour, theory of production and costs, decision making under uncertainty attitude towards risk, game theory-non cooperative games, market structures, competitive and non-competitive equilibrium, and their efficiency properties
• Factor pricing, general equilibrium analysis, efficiency criteria: Pareto-optimality, Kaldor-Hicks, and wealth maximization, welfare economics: Fundamental theorems, social welfare function, asymmetric information: Adverse selection and moral hazard

Economics: Unit 02

• National income: Concepts and measurement, determination of output and employment: Classical and Keynesian approach, consumption function, investment function, multiplier and accelerator, demand for money, supply of money, IS-LM model approach
• Inflation and Phillips curve analysis, business cycles, monetary and fiscal policy, rational expectation hypothesis and its critique

Economics: Unit 03

• Probability theory: Concepts of probability, distributions, moments, central limit theorem, descriptive statistics-measures of central tendency and dispersions, correlation, index numbers, sampling methods and sampling distribution
• Statistical inferences, hypothesis testing, linear regression models and their properties-blue, identification problem, simultaneous equation models-recursive and non-recursive, discrete choice models, time series analysis

Economics: Unit 04

• Sets, functions, and continuity, sequence, series, differential calculus and its applications, linear algebra-matrices, vector spaces, static optimization problems, and their applications, input-output model, linear programming
• Difference and differential equations with applications

Economics: Unit 05

• International trade: Basic concepts and analytical tools, theories of international trade, international trade under imperfect competition, balance of payments: Composition, equilibrium and disequilibrium, and adjustment mechanisms
• Exchange rate: Concepts and theories, foreign exchange market and arbitrage, gains from trade, terms of trade, trade multiplier, tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade; dumping, GATT, WTO, and regional trade blocks; trade policy issues
• IMF and world bank

Economics: Unit 06

• Market failure and remedial measures: Asymmetric information, public goods, externality, regulation of market-collusion and consumers’ welfare, Public revenue: Tax and non-tax revenue, direct and indirect taxes
• Public revenue: Progressive and non-progressive taxation, incidence, and effects of taxation, public expenditure, public debt and its management, public budget and budget multiplier, fiscal policy and its implications

Economics: Unit 07

• Components of Money Supply, Central Bank, Commercial Banking, Instruments and Working of Monetary Policy, Non-banking Financial Institutions, Capital Market and its Regulation

Economics: Unit 08

• Economic growth and economic development, theories of economic development: Adam Smith, Ricardo, Marx, Schumpeter, Rostow, balanced and unbalanced growth, big push approach
• Models of economic growth: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Robinson, Kaldor, technical progress-disembodied and embodied; endogenous growth, indicators of economic development: PQLI, HDI, SDGS, poverty and inequalities-concepts and measurement
• Social sector development: health, education, gender

Economics: Unit 09

• Environment as a public good, market failure, Coase theorem, cost-benefit analysis and compensation criteria, valuation of environmental goods, theories of population, concepts and measures: Fertility, morbidity, mortality, age structure
• Demographic dividend, life table, migration

Economics: Unit 10

• Economic growth in India: Pattern and structure, agriculture: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, industry: Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, services: Pattern and structure of growth
• Major challenges, policy responses, rural development-issues, challenges, and policy responses, urban development-issues, challenges, and policy responses
• Foreign trade: Structure and direction, bop, flow of foreign capital, trade policies, infrastructure development: Physical and social; public-private partnerships, reforms in land, labour, and capital markets
• Centre-state financial relations and finance commissions of India; FRBM, Poverty, inequality, and unemployment

English: Unit 01

English: Unit 02

English: Unit 03

English: Unit 04

English: Unit 05

• Basic concepts, theories, and pedagogy
• English in use

English: Unit 06

• History, evolution, and futures

English: Unit 07

English: Unit 08

English: Unit 09

English: Unit 10

Geography: Unit 01

• Continental drift, plate tectonics, endogenetic, and exogenetic forces
• Denudation and weathering, geomorphic cycle (Davis and Penck), theories and process of slope development, earth movements (seismicity, folding, faulting, and vulcanicity)
• Landform occurrence and causes of geomorphic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and avalanches)

Geography: Unit 02

• Composition and Structure of Atmosphere; Insolation, Heat Budget of Earth, Temperature, Pressure and Winds, Atmospheric Circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation, cyclones and anticyclones (tropical and temperate)
• Climatic classification of Koppen and Thornthwaite, ENSO events (el nino, la nina, and southern oscillations), meteorological hazards and disasters (cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hailstorms, heat and cold waves drought, and cloudburst
• Glacial Lake Outburst (GLOF), Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past, Human impact on Global Climate

Geography: Unit 03

• Relief of oceans, composition: Temperature, density and salinity, circulation-warm and cold currents, waves, tides, sea level changes, hazards: Tsunami and cyclone

Geography: Unit 04

• Components: Ecosystem (geographic classification) and human ecology, functions: Trophic levels, energy flows, cycles (geochemical, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen), food chain, food web and ecological pyramid, human interaction and impacts
• Functions: Environmental ethics and deep ecology, environmental hazards and disasters (global warming, urban heat island, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, land degradation), national programmes and policies: Legal framework, environmental policy
• National programmes and policies: International treaties, international programmes and polices (Brundtland commission, Kyoto protocol, agenda 21, sustainable development goals, Paris agreement)

Geography: Unit 05

• Population geography: Sources of population data (census, sample surveys, and vital statistics, data reliability and errors). World population distribution (measures, patterns, and determinants), world population growth (prehistoric to modern period)
• Population geography: Demographic transition, theories of population growth (Malthus, Sadler, and Ricardo). Fertility and mortality analysis (indices, determinants, and world patterns). Migration (types, causes and consequences, and models)
• Population geography: Population composition and characteristics (age, sex, rural-urban, occupational structure and educational levels), population policies in developed and developing countries
• Settlement geography: Rural settlements (types, patterns, and distribution), contemporary problems of rural settlements (rural-urban migration; land use changes; land acquisition and transactions)
• Settlement geography: Theories of origin of towns (Gordon Childe, Henri Pirenne, Lewis Mumford)
• Settlement geography: Characteristics and processes of urbanization in developed, and developing countries (factors of urban growth, trends of urbanization, size, structure and functions of urban areas)
• Settlement geography: Urban systems (the law of the primate city and rank size rule) central place theories (Christaller and Losch), internal structure of the city, models of urban land use (Burgess, Harris and Ullman , and Hoyt), concepts of megacities
• Settlement geography: Global cities and edge cities, changing urban forms (peri-urban areas, rural-urban fringe, suburban, ring, and satellite towns), social segregation in the city, urban social area analysis
• Settlement geography: Manifestation of poverty in the city (slums, informal sector growth, crime and social exclusion)

Geography: Unit 06

• Economic geography: Factors affecting spatial organization of economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), natural resources (classification, distribution, and associated problems), natural resources management
• Economic geography: World energy crises in developed and developing countries
• Agricultural geography: Land capability classification and land use planning, cropping pattern: Methods of delineating crop combination regions (Weaver, Doi and Rafiullah), crop diversification, Von Thunen’s model of land use planning
• Agricultural geography: Measurement and determinants of agricultural productivity, regional variations in agricultural productivity, agricultural systems of the world
• Industrial geography: Classification of industries, factors of industrial location; theories of industrial location (A. Weber, E. M. Hoover, August Losch, A. Pred and D. M. Smith). World industrial regions
• Industrial geography: Impact of globalization on manufacturing sector in less developed countries, tourism industry
• Industrial geography: World distribution and growth of information and communication technology (ICT) and knowledge production (education and R and D) industries
• Geography of transport and trade: Theories and models of spatial interaction (Edward Ullman and M. E. Hurst) measures and indices of connectivity and accessibility; spatial flow models: Gravity model and its variants, world trade organization
• Geography of transport and trade: Spatial flow models-globalization and liberalization and world trade patterns. Problems and prospects of inter and intra regional cooperation and trade
• Regional development: Typology of regions, formal and fictional regions, world regional disparities, theories of regional development (Albert O. Hirschman, Gunnar Myrdal, John Friedman), dependency theory of underdevelopment, global economic blocks
• Regional development: Regional development and social movements in India

Geography: Unit 07

• Cultural and social geography: Concept of culture, cultural complexes, areas and region, cultural heritage, cultural ecology. Cultural convergence, social structure and processes, social well-being and quality of life, social exclusion
• Cultural and social geography: Spatial distribution of social groups in India (tribe, caste, religion and language), environment and human health, diseases ecology
• Cultural and social geography: Nutritional status (etiological conditions, classification and spatial, and seasonal distributional patterns with special reference to India) health care planning and policies in India, medical tourism in India
• Political geography: Boundaries and frontiers (with special reference to India), Heartland and Rimland theories. Trends and developments in political geography, geography of federalism, electoral reforms in India, determinants of electoral behaviour
• Political geography: Geopolitics of climate change, geopolitics of world resources, geopolitics of India ocean, regional organizations of cooperation (SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, EU). Neopolitics of world natural resources
• Geographic thought: Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese, and Indian scholars, contributions of geographers (Bernhardus Varenius, Immanuel Kant, Alexander Von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Schafer, and Hartshorne)
• Geographic thought: Impact of Darwinian theory on geographical thought. Contemporary trends in Indian geography: Cartography, thematic and methodological contributions
• Geographic thought: Major geographic traditions (earth science, man environment relationship, area studies and spatial analysis)
• Geographic thought: Dualisms in geographic studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs. quantitative, ideographic vs. nomothetic), paradigm shift
• Geographic thought: Perspectives in geography (positivism, behaviouralism, humanism, structuralism, feminism, and postmodernism)

Geography: Unit 08

• Sources of geographic information and data (spatial and non-spatial), types of maps, techniques of map making (choropleth, isarithmic, dasymetric, chorochromatic, flow maps), data representation on maps (pie diagrams, bar diagrams, and line graph)
• GIS database (raster and vector data formats and attribute data formats)
• Functions of GIS (conversion, editing and analysis), digital elevation model (DEM), georeferencing (coordinate system and map projections and datum), GIS applications (thematic cartography, spatial decision support system)
• Basics of remote sensing (electromagnetic spectrum, sensors and platforms, resolution and types, elements of air photo and satellite image interpretation and photogrammetry), types of aerial photographs
• Digital image processing: Developments in remote sensing technology and big data sharing and its applications in natural resources management in India, GPS components (space, ground control, and receiver segments) and applications
• Applications of measures of central tendency, dispersion and inequalities, sampling, sampling procedure and hypothesis testing (chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA), time series analysis, correlation, and regression analysis, measurement of indices
• Making indicators scale free, computation of composite index, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, morphometric analysis: Ordering of streams, bifurcation ratio, drainage density and drainage frequency
• Morphometric analysis: Basin circularity ratio and form factor, profiles, slope analysis, clinographic curve, hypsographic curve and altimetric frequency graph

Geography: Unit 09

• Major physiographic regions and their characteristics; drainage system (Himalayan and Peninsular), climate: Seasonal weather characteristics, climatic divisions, Indian monsoon (mechanism and characteristics), jet streams and Himalayan cryosphere
• Types and distribution of natural resources: Soil, vegetation, water, mineral, and marine resources
• Population characteristics (spatial patterns of distribution), growth and composition (rural-urban, age, sex, occupational, educational, ethnic, and religious), determinants of population, population policies in India
• Agriculture ( production, productivity, and yield of major food crops), major crop regions, Regional variations in agricultural development, environmental, technological and institutional factors affecting Indian agriculture; agro-climatic zones
• Green revolution, food security and right to food
• Industrial development since independence, industrial regions and their characteristics, industrial policies in India
• Development and patterns of transport networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways, and pipelines), internal and external trade (trend, composition, and directions), regional development planning in India
• Globalization and its impact on Indian economy, natural disasters in India (earthquake, drought, flood, cyclone, tsunami, Himalayan highland hazards and disasters)

History: Unit 01

• Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, and numismatics
• Dating of archaeological sites
• Literary sources: Indigenous literature-primary and secondary, problem of dating religious and secular literature, myths, legends, etc
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arabic
• Pastoralism and food production: Neolithic and chalcolithic phase-settlement, distribution, tools, and patterns of exchange
• Indus/ Harappa civilization: Origin, extent, major sites, settlement pattern, craft specialization, religion, society and polity, decline of Indus civilization, internal and external trade, first urbanization in India
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Aryan debates, political and social institutions, state structure and theories of state; emergence of varnas and social stratification, religious and philosophical ideas. Introduction of iron technology
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Megaliths of south India
• Expansion of state system: Mahajanapadas, monarchical and republican states, economic and social developments and emergence of second urbanization in 6th century BCE; emergence of heterodox sects-Jainism, Buddhism, and Ajivikas

History: Unit 02

• Rise of Magadha, Greek invasion under Alexander and its effects, Mauryan expansion, Mauryan polity, society, economy, Ahsoka’s Dhamma and its nature, decline, and disintegration of the Mauryan empire, Mauyan art and architecture
• Ashokan edicts: Language and script
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Indo-Greeks, Sungas, Satavahanas, Kushanas and Saka-Ksatrapas, Sangam literature, polity and society in south India as reflected in Sangam literature
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Trade and commerce from 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE, trade with the roman world, emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, Kharavela, and Jainism, post-Mauryan art and architecture
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Gandhara, Mathura, and Amravati schools
• Gupta Vakataka age: Polity and Society, Agrarian Economy, Land Grants, Land Revenue and Land Rights, Gupta Coins, Beginning of Temple Architecture, Emergence of Puranic Hinduism, Development of Sanskrit Language and Literature
• Gupta Vakataka age: Developments in science technology, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine
• Harsha and his times: Administration and religion
• Salankayanas and Visnukundins in Andhradesa

History: Unit 03

• Kingdoms in Deccan: Gangas, Kadmabas, western and eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Kalyani Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Yadavas
• Kingdoms in south India: Pallavas, Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas
• Kingdoms in eastern India: Palas and senas of Bengal, Varmans of Kamarupa, Bhaumakaras, and Somavamsis of Odisha
• Kingdoms in western India: Maitrakas of Vallabhi and Chalukyas of Gujarat
• Kingdoms in north India: Gurjara-pratiharas, Kalacuri-Chedis, Gahadavalas, and Paramaras
• Characteristics of early medieval India: Administration and political structure legitimation of kingship
• Agrarian economy; land grants, changing production relations; graded land rights and peasantry, water resources, taxation system, coins, and currency system
• Trade and urbanization: Patterns of trade, and urban settlements, ports and trade routes, merchandise and exchange, trade guilds; trade and colonization in southeast Asia
• Growth of Brahminical religions: Vaisnavism and Saivism; temples; patronage and regional ramification; temple architecture and regional styles. Dana, tirtha, and bhakti, Tamil bhakti movement-Shankara, Madhava, and Ramanujacharya
• Society: Varna, jati and proliferation of castes, position of women; gender, marriage, and property relations; women in public life. Tribes as peasants and their place in Varna order. Untouchability
• Education and educational institutions: Agraharas, Mathas, and Mahaviharas as centers of education. Growth of regional languages
• Debates of state formation in early medieval India: Feudal model; segmentary model; integrative model
• Arab contracts: Suleiman Ghaznavid conquests. Alberuni’s accounts

History: Unit 04

• Archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources, material evidences and monuments; chronicles; literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages; daftar khannas: Firmans, Bahis/ Pothis/ Akhbarat; foreign travellers’ accounts-Persian and Arabic
• Political developments: The Delhi Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids, and the Lodis. Decline of Delhi sultanate
• Foundation of the Mughal empire: Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion and consolidation from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire
• Later mughals and disintegration of the mughal empire
• The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-Deccan sultanate; Bijapur, Golconda, Bidar, Berar, and Ahmadnagar-rise, expansion, and disintegration; eastern Gangas and Suryavamshi Gajapatis
• Rise of the Marathas and the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its expansion under the Peshwas; Mughal-Maratha relations, Maratha confederacy, causes of decline

History: Unit 05

• Administration under the sultanate, nature of state-theocratic and theocentric, central, provincial and local administration, law of succession
• Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal administration-central, provincial, and local: Mansabdari and Jagirdari systems
• Administrative system in the Deccan-The Vijayanagara state and polity, Bahamani administrative system; Maratha administration-asta pradhan
• Frontier policies under Delhi sultanate and Mughals
• Inter-state relations during the sultanate and the Mughals
• Agricultural production and irrigation system, village economy, peasantry, grants, and agricultural loans, urbanization, and demographic structure
• Industries-Cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, and technology
• Trade and commerce-state policies, internal and external trade: European trade, trade centers, and ports, transport and communication
• Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance, state income and expenditure, currency, mint system; famines and peasant revolts

History: Unit 06

• Social organization and social structure
• The Sufis-their orders, beliefs, and practices, the leading Sufi saints, social synchronization
• Bhakti movement-Shaivism; Vaishnavism, Shaktism
• The saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on sociopolitical and religious life-women saints of medieval India
• The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev: His teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
• Social classification: Ruling class, major religious groups, the ulemas, the mercantile, and professional classes-rajput society
• Rural society-Petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators, and non-cultivating classes, artisans
• Position of women-Zanana system, Devadasi system
• Development of education centers of education and curriculum, Madarasa education
• Fine arts-major schools of painting-Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari, Garhwali; development of music
• Art and architecture, Indo-Islamic architecture, Mughal architecture, regional styles
• Indo-Arabic architecture, Mughal gardens, Maratha forts, shrines, and temples

History: Unit 07

• Archival materials, biographies, and memoirs, newspapers, oral evidence, creative literature, and painting, monuments, coins
• Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 16th to 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French, and the British
• Establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
• British relations with principal Indian states-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Carnatic, and Punjab
• Revolt of 1857, causes, nature, and impact
• Administration of the company and the crown; evolution of central and provincial structure under east India company
• Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police and the army under the company; British policy and paramountcy in the princely states under the crown
• Local self-government
• Constitutional changes, 1909-1935

History: Unit 08

• Changing composition, volume, and direction of trade
• Expansion and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour, irrigation, and canal system
• Decline of industries-changing socioeconomic conditions of artisans; DE-urbanization; economic drain; world wars and economy
• British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements
• Monetary policy, banking, currency, and exchange, railways and road transport, communications-post and telegraph
• Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture, urban society and urban problems
• Famines, epidemics, and the government policy
• Tribal and peasant movements
• Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions and missionaries; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities
• The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language; development of science, technology, public health and medicine-towards modernism
• Indian renaissance-socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility
• Women’s question-nationalist discourse; women’s organizations; British legislation concerning women, gender identity and constitutional position
• The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
• Modernization of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music, and performing arts

History: Unit 09

• Social and economic basis of nationalism
• Birth of Indian national congress: Ideologies and programmes of the Indian national congress, 1885-1920: Early nationalists, assertive nationalists, and revolutionaries
• Swadeshi and Swaraj
• Gandhian mass movements; Subas Chandra Bose and INA; role of middle class in national movement; women participation in national movement
• Left wing politics
• Depressed class movement
• Communal politics; muslim league and genesis of Pakistan
• Towards independence and partition
• India after independence: Challenges of partition; integration of the Indian princely states; Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh
• B.R. Ambedkar-The making of the Indian constitution, its features
• The structure of bureaucracy
• New education policy
• Economic policies and the planning process; development, displacement, and tribal issues
• Linguistic reorganization of states; centre-state relations
• Foreign policy initiatives-Panchsheel; dynamics of Indian politics-emergency; liberalization, privatization, and globalization of Indian economy

History: Unit 10

• Scope and importance of history, objectivity, and bias in history, heuristics operation, criticism in history, synthesis and presentation, history and its auxiliary sciences, history a science, arts or a social science
• Causation and imagination in history, significance of regional history, recent trends of Indian history, research methodology, hypothesis in history, area of proposed research sources-data collection, primary/ secondary, original and transit sources
• Trends in historical research, recent Indian historiography, selection of topic in history, notes taking, references, footnotes and bibliography thesis and assignment writing, plagiarism, intellectual dishonesty, and history writing
• Beginnings of historical writings-Greek, Roman, and Church historiography, renaissance, and its impact on history writing, negative and positive schools of historical writing, Berlin revolution in history writing-Von Ranke
• Marxist philosophy of history-scientific materialism, cyclical theory of history-Oswald Spengler, challenge and response theory-Arnold Joseph Toynbee, post-modernism in history

Life sciences: Unit 01

• Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds
• Composition, structure, and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins)
• Stabilizing interactions (Van Der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc)
• Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties)
• Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers
• Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes
• Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary structure, domains, motif, and folds)
• Conformation of nucleic acids (helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA)
• Stability of proteins and nucleic acids
• Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids nucleotides, and vitamins

Life sciences: Unit 02

• Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer, and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport
• Membrane structure and function: Electrical properties of membranes
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Structure and function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility
• Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons
• Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle
• Microbial physiology: Growth yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress response

Life sciences: Unit 03

• DNA replication, repair and recombination: Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extra chromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination
• RNA synthesis and processing: Transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation
• RNA synthesis and processing: Structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport
• Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity
• Protein synthesis and processing: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, post-translational modification of proteins
• Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing

Life sciences: Unit 04

• Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behaviour by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation
• Host parasite interaction: Pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells
• Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two component systems
• Cell signaling: Light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis, and quorum sensing
• Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation
• Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis
• Cancer: Therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. Generation of antibody diversity
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Humoral and cellmediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune modulation, the complement system, Toll-like receptors, cell-mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity, and autoimmunity
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines

Life sciences: Unit 05

• Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting
• Basic concepts of development: Mutants and transgenics in analysis of development
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Embryonic fields, gastrulation, and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in drosophila, amphibia and chick; organogenesis-vulva formation in caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Limb development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal development; sex determination
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development in arabidopsis and antirrhinum
• Programmed cell death, aging, and senescence

Life sciences: Unit 06

• Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO₂ fixation-C₃, C₄, and CAM pathways
• Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway
• Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis
• Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action
• Sensory photobiology: Structure, function, and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes, and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates
• Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols, and nitrogenous compounds and their roles
• Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature, and salt) stresses

Life sciences: Unit 07

• Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis
• Cardiovascular system: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, specialized tissue, ECG-its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above
• Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural and chemical regulation of respiration
• Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture
• Sense organs: Vision, hearing, and tactile response
• Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
• Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature-physical, chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization
• Stress and adaptation
• Digestive system: Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR
• Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action, hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation

Life sciences: Unit 08

• Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment
• Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudo allele, complementation tests
• Extensions of Mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited, and sex influenced characters
• Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers, mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants
• Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal inheritance
• Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers-transformation, conjugation, transduction and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes
• Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, LOD score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders
• Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability, and its measurements, QTL mapping
• Mutation: Types, causes, and detection, mutant types-lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of function, gain of function, germinal verses somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis
• Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy and their genetic implications
• Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposition

Life sciences: Unit 09

• Principles and methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical and quantititative methods of taxonomy of plants, animals, and microorganisms
• Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of organization of tissues, organs, and systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive modifications
• Outline classification of plants, animals and microorganisms: Important criteria used for classification in each taxon. Classification of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Evolutionary relationships among taxa
• Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic origins, and migrations of species. Comman Indian mammals, birds. Seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent
• Organisms of health and agricultural importance: Common parasites and pathogens of humans, domestic animals, and crops
• Organisms of conservation concern: Rare, endangered species. Conservation strategies

Life sciences: Unit 10

• The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions
• Habitat and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement
• Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (R and K selection); concept of metapopulation-demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations
• Species interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis
• Community ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones
• Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax
• Ecosystem ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling (C, N, P); primary production and decomposition
• Ecosystem ecology: Structure and function of some Indian ecosystems-terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine)
• Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India
• Applied ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: Status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches
• Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/ management strategy (project tiger, biosphere reserves)

Life sciences: Unit 11

• Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin-concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness, and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of mutations; the evolutionary synthesis
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and Haldane; experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of eukaryotic cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis, and aerobic metabolism
• Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; era’s, periods and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and multi cellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals
• Paleontology and evolutionary history: Stages in primate evolution including homo
• Molecular evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence, and molecular clocks; Molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins
• Molecular evolution: Gene duplication and divergence
• The mechanisms: Population genetics-populations, gene pool, gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation; isolating mechanisms
• The mechanisms: Speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity; convergent evolution; sexual selection; coevolution
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behaviour; proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin selection, reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Biological clocks; development of behaviour; social communication; social dominance; use of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental investment and reproductive success; parental care; aggressive behaviour
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Habitat selection and optimality in foraging; migration, orientation and navigation; domestication and behavioural changes

Life sciences: Unit 12

• Microbial fermentation and production of small and macro molecules
• Application of immunological principles, vaccines, diagnostics
• Tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals
• Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain identification
• Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene therapy
• Bioresource and uses of biodiversity
• Breeding in plants and animals, including marker-assisted selection
• Bioremediation and phytoremediation
• Biosensors

Life sciences: Unit 13

• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA, and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences, generation of genomic and cDNA libraries in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Gene knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. Protein sequencing methods, detection of post translation modification of proteins. DNA sequencing methods, strategies for genome sequencing
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level, large scale expression, such as micro array based techniques Isolation
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Separation and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP techniques
• Histochemical and Immunotechniques: Antibody generation, detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, fluocytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells
• Histochemical and immuno-techniques: In-situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH
• Biophysical method: Molecular analysis using UV/ visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy molecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction and NMR, molecular analysis using light scattering
• Biophysical method: Different types of mass spectrometry and surface plasma resonance methods
• Statistical methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, and normal); sampling distribution; difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors
• Statistical methods: Levels of significance; regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; X2 test; basic introduction to muetrovariate statistics, etc
• Radio labeling techniques: Detection and measurement of different types of radioisotopes normally used in biology, incorporation of radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive material, safety guidelines
• Microscopic techniques: Visualization of cells and sub cellular components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques for EM
• Microscopic techniques: Freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy
• Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG, Brain activity recording, lesion, and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT
• Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect, and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behaviour
• Methods in field biology: Habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 01

• Concept of journalism and mass communication, mass communication in India
• History, growth and development of print and electronic media
• Major landmarks in print and electronic media in Indian languages
• Media’s role in formulation of states of India
• Media criticism and media literacy, press council and press commissions of India, status of journalism and media education in India
• Media policies of the government of India since independence
• Models and theories of mass communication, normative theories, administrative and critical traditions in communication, media and journalism studies, communication and theories of socio-cultural, educational and agricultural change
• Technological determinism, critique of Marshall McLuhan’s views on media and communication and Marxist approaches
• Information and knowledge societies
• Indian traditions and approaches to communication from the Vedic era to the 21st century
• Western and eastern philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic perceptions of communication-Aristotle and Plato, Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic traditions
• Media and culture-framework for understanding culture in a globalised world
• Globalization with respect to politico-economic and socio-cultural developments in India

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 02

• Concept and definition of development communication, role of media and journalism in society, characteristics of Indian society-demographic and sociological impact of communication, media and journalism
• Media and specific audiences
• Development and social change
• Issues and post-colonial conceptions
• Deconstruction of dominant paradigm of communication and development
• Responses and critique of dominant models
• Corporatization of development-corporate social responsibility, non-state actors in development, mass campaigns by NGOs, government of India, international agencies and corporates
• Paradigms and discourse of development communication
• Emergence of global civil societies, public sphere, global communication system-nation state-universal, national communication policies
• Leading influencers of social reform in India-Raja Rammohan Roy, Pandit Madanmohan Malviya, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Mahatma Gandhi, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Dr B. R. Ambedkar, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia etc

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 03

• News-concepts, determinants (values), structure, and perspectives
• Reporting for print, radio, television, and digital media
• Types of reporting
• National and international news agencies and feature syndicates, functions, and role
• Writing for print, electronic, and digital news media
• Translation and transcreation
• Editing and presentation techniques for print, television, and digital media
• Journalism as profession, reportage of contemporary issues, ethics of reporting
• Critique of western news values, effect of new technology on global communication flows
• Niche reporting

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 04

• Definition, concept, functions, types, evolution of advertising, standards and ethics in advertising
• Theories and models of communication in advertising
• Brand management
• Advertising management-agency-role, structure and function, client-agency relationship, media planning, and budgeting
• Advertising and creativity, language, and translation
• Advertising campaign and marketing
• Advertising and marketing research

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 05

• Public relations and corporate communication-definition, concept, and scope
• Structure of PR in state, public, private and non-government sectors
• Tools and techniques of pr and corporate communication
• Crisis communication and crisis communication management
• Ethics of public relations
• International public relations, communication audit

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 06

• Concept of law and ethics in India and rest of the world
• The constitution of India, historical evolution, relevance
• Concept of freedom of speech and expression in Indian Constitution
• Defamation, Libel, Slander-IPC 499-502, Sedition IPC 124 (A), contempt of courts act 1971, official secrets act, 1923, press and registration of books act, 1867
• Working journalists and other newspaper employees (conditions of service) and miscellaneous provisions act 1955, wage boards, law of obscenity (section 292-294 of IPC); the Miller test, the Hicklin test
• Indecent representation of women (prohibition) act, 1986, scheduled castes and tribes (prevention of atrocities) act, 1989, parliamentary privileges
• Famous cases involving journalists and news media organizations
• Right to information act, 2005, copyright act, 1957, intellectual property rights, cable television network (regulation) act, 1995, information technology act, (relevant) 2000 and cyber laws, cinematograph act, 1952, film censorship
• Press council act as amended from time to time, IPR, ASCI, drugs and magic remedies (objectionable advertisements) act, 1954, various regulatory bodies for print, TV, advertising, PR, and internet
• Rules, regulations and guidelines for the media as recommended by press council of India, information and broadcasting ministry and other professional organizations, adversarial role of the media, human rights and media

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 07

• Definition, concept of media management
• Grammar of electronic media
• Communication design theories and practice
• Media production techniques-print and electronic
• Digital media production techniques
• Economics and commerce of mass media in India
• Principles and management in media industry post liberalization

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 08

• ICT and media-definition, characteristics, and role
• Effect of computer mediated communication
• Impact of ICT on mass media
• Digitization
• Social networking
• Economics and commerce of web enabled media
• Mobile adaption and new generation telephony by media, ethics, and new media
• ICT in education and development in India, online media and e-governance
• Animation-concepts and techniques

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 09

• Film and television theory
• Film and identity in Indian film studies, leading film directors of India before and after independence
• Indian cinema in the 21st century
• Approaches to analysis of Indian television
• Visual communication
• Visual analysis
• Basics of film language and aesthetics, the dominant film paradigm, evolution of Indian cinema-commercial and ‘non-commercial’ genres, the Hindi film song, Indian aesthetics and poetics (the theory of Rasa and Dhvani)
• National cinema movements: Soviet Montage cinema, German Expressionistic cinema, Italian Neo-Realistic cinema, French New Wave cinema, British New Wave cinema, Indian New Wave cinema, Period cinema
• Cinema in the new millennium

Mass communication and journalism: Unit 10

• Definition, concept, constructs, and approaches to communication research process
• Research designs: Types, structure, components, classical, experimental and quasi experimental, variables and hypotheses; types and methods of research; basic, applied, descriptive, analytical, historical, case study, longitudinal studies
• Research in journalism, public relations, advertising, cinema, animation and graphics, television, internet, social media practices, magazines, children’s media
• Communication, journalism, and media research in India
• Levels of measurement: sampling-probability and non-probability, tests of validity and reliability, scaling techniques
• Methods and tools of data collection: Interviews, surveys, case studies, obtrusive and non-obtrusive techniques, ethnography, schedule, questionnaire, dairy, and internet based tools, media specific methods such as exit polls, opinion polls, telephone
• Methods and tools of data collection: SMS surveys and voting with regard to GEC (general entertainment content)
• Data analysis, testing, interpretation, application of statistical tests-parametric and nonparametric, tests of variance-univariate, bivariate, and multivariate, tests of significance, computer mediated research
• Ethical considerations in communication, media and journalism research, writing research reports, plagiarism

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Deshi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhayana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 05

• Detail study of sangeet Utpatti; musical scales (Indian and Western); detail study of Gram, Murchchhana and Chatussarna; Jaati Lakshana, Jaati Bhed, concept of Raag, Raag-Lakshan
• Classification of raag: (i) Gram raag and Deshi raag classification, (ii) male raag classification, (iii) Thaat raag classification, (iv) Shuddha, Chhayalag, and Sankeerna raag classification, (v) Raag-Raagini classification, (vi) Raagang classification
• Classification of raag: (vi) Time theory of raagas; placement of Shuddha and Vikrit swaras on shruties in ancient, medieval and modern period; description of popular raagas and taalas; notation systems of Hindustani, Karnataka, and western music
• Classification of raag: (vi) Merits and demerits of a vocalist (gayak); remix, fusion, orchestra, coir and acoustic; comparative studies of Hindustani and Karnatak swaras and taalas; Karnatak names of popular Hindustani ragas
• Classification of raag: (vi) Knowledge of different layakaaries such as Dugun, Tigun, Chaugun, Aad, Kuad and Viaad

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 06

• Study of the historical development of Hindustani music from Vedic to modern period; ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Bharat, Naarad, Matang, Someshwardev, Jagdekmall, Nanyadev, Sharangdev, Parshwadev, Sudhakalash
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Maharana Kumbha, Ramamatya, Damodar Pandit, Pt. Ahobal, Shriniwas, Hridyanarayana, Vyankatmakhi, Pt. Vishnu Digambar Palushkar, Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Pt. Vinayak Rao Patwardhan
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Pt. Omkarnanath Thakur, Acharya Birhaspati, Thakur Jaidev Singh, Sharachchandra Shridhar Paranjape, Bhagwat Sharan Sharma, Dr. Prem Lata Sharma, Dr. Subhadra Choudhary, Prof. R.C. Mehta
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Prof. Pradeep Kumar Dixit
• Study of ancient, medieval and modern treatises in Indian music like natya shastra, nardiya shiksha, sangeet makarand, brihaddeshi, manasollaas, sangeet chudamani, bharat bhashya, sangeet ratnakar, sangeet samaysar, sangeetopanishatsaaroddhar
• Sanageet raj, Swaramalekalanidhi, sangeet darpan, sangeet paarijaat, Raga Tatvavibodh, Hridaya Kautuk, Hridaya Prakash, Chaturdandi Prakashika, sangeet Chintamani, Pranavbharati, etc
• Contribution of western scholars to Indian music: Capt. N.A. Willard William Johnes, Capt. C.R. Day, E. Clements, Fox Strangwayes, H.A. Popley and Alain Danielou

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 07

• Prabandh, Dhrupad, Dhamaar, Saadra, Kheyaal, Tarana, Trivat, Chaturang, Sargam Geet, Lakshan Geet, Raagmaala, etc
• Thumri, Dadra, Tappa, Hori, Kajri, and Chaiti, etc
• Light music: Geet, gazal, and bhajan, etc
• Firozkhani gat, Maseetkhani gat, Razakhani gat and Zafarkhani gat and its kind
• Jaati, Javali, Kriti, Tillana, Raagam, Taanam, Pallavi
• Origin, development and presentation of above said vocal and instrumental compositions
• Popular artists in the field of above said forms

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 08

• Classification of Indian musical instruments in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Different types of veenas in ancient period tat-sitar, sarod, violin, dilruba, israj, santoor, tanpura, surbahhar, guitar
• Ghan-Jaltarang, Ghatam, Morsing, Chipali, Manjeera, Jhanjh, Kartal Sushir-flute and its varieties, Shehnai, Nagaswaram, harmonium
• Avanaddha-Pakhawaj, tabla, Mridangam, Kanjira, Khol, Chang, Nakkara, Duff, Hudaka, dholak
• Origin, evolution, playing techniques and famous artist of these instruments

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 09

• Tansen, Haridas, Gopal Nayak, Sadarang, Pandit Balkrishna Bua Ichalkaranjikar, Pandit Vishnu Digambar Palushkar, Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhand, Ustaad Faiyaz Khan, Ustad Bade Gulam Ali Khan, Ustad Nisaar Hussain Khan, Pandit Omkar Nath Thakur
• Pandit Vinayak Rao Patwardhan, Pandit Naryan Rao Vyas, Pandit C.R. Vyas, Pandit Krishna Rao Shankar Pandit, Pandit Mallikarjun Mansoor, Smt Gangubai Hangal, Kesar Bai Kerkar, Abdul Kareem Khan, Heerabai Barodekar, Suhasini Koretkar, Bade Ramdas
• Siddheswari Devi, Begham Akhtar, Shobha Gurtu, Girija Devi, Savita Devi, Moghubai Kurdikar, Kishori Amonkar, Pandit Kumar Gandharv, Pandit Jasraj, Pandit Balvant Rai Bhatt. Pt. Ramashraa Jha
• Asad Ali Khan, Pt. Lal Mani Mishra, Abdul Halim Zafar Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Sharan Rani, Amjad Ali Khan, Anath Lal, Panna Lal Ghosh, Vijay Raghav Rao, Ragunath Seth, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Ahmad Jaan Thirakava, Pt. Samta Prasad, Kishan Maharaj
• Kudau Singh, Paagal Das, Brij Bhooshan Kabra, Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Bhajan Sopori, M.S. Gopal Krishnan, V.G. Jog, N. Rajam, Appa Jalgaonkar, Mehmood Dhaulpuri
• Recipient of Bharat Ratna: M.S. Subbhalakshmi, Pt. Ravi Shankar, Utsad Bismillah Khan, Lata Mangeshkar and Pt. Bhim Sen Joshi. Purandar Das, Shyam Shastri, Mutthuswami Dixitar, Tyagraja, Swathi Tirunal Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Yahudi Menuhin

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental and musicology): Unit 10

• General study of origin and development of Gharana
• Institutionalised system and their contribution to Hindustani music
• Four baanies of Dhrupad and its importance to Hindustani music
• General study of various Gharanas of Dhrupad Kheyal and instrumental music
• Special features of Gharanas in vocal and instrumental music and its famous artists
• Purab and Punjab Angas of Tumari
• Important music conferences in India
• National and international awards in the field of music
• Contribution of music educational institutes Akademies, Prasar Bharati, song and drama division and film in Indian music

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Deshi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhayana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 05

• Musical scales (Indian and western), Suddha and Vikrita Svaras, Sruti in ancient, medieval, and modern period, detailed study of Grama, Murchana-Jaati, Jaati Lakshana in ancient period, concept of raga
• Classification of raga from ancient to modern period, Raga Lakshana-s of popular ragas, Mela-Janya system, Katapayadi and Bhuta Sankhya, Janya-raga classification, ancient-Palai-Pan system, 22 Srutis and their distribution among Swaras and Ragas
• Suladi sapta tala-s, scheme of 35 talas, tala dasa pranas, Marga and Desi talas, talas of Tirupugazh, Shadangas and Shodasangas, important ragas and talas of Hindustani music
• Notation systems in Hindustani, Karnatak, and western music (staff notation)
• Voice culture, orchestration, and acoustics

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 06

• Narada-Naradiya Siksha, Sangita Makaranda; Bharata-Natya Sastra; Dattila-Dattilam, Matanga-Brihaddesi; Someshwara-Manasollasa; Parsvadeva-Sangita Samayasara; Sarangadeva-Sangita Ratnakara, Simhabhupala; Nanyadeva-Bharata Bhashyam
• Lochana Kavi-raga Tarangini; Jagadekamalla-Sangita Chudamani; Vidyaranya-Sangita Sara, Ramamatya-Swaramelakalanidhi; Rana Kumbha-Sangita Raja; Somnatha-Raga Vibodha, Ahobala-Sangita Parijata
• Govinda Dikshita-Sangita Sudha; Venkatamakhi-Chaturdandi Prakasika; Tulaja-Sangita Saramrita; Govinda Acharya-Sangraha Chudamani; Subbarama Dikshitar-Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini; Abraham Panditar-Karunamrita Sagaram
• Nadamuni Panditar-Swara Prastara Sagaram; Atoor Krishna Pisharoti-Sangita Chandrika
• References to musical concepts in Silappadikaram, sangam texts, Panchamarabu, Tala Samudram, Mahabharata Chudamani, Yazhnool and other important texts in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam
• Musicologists: V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D. Paluskar, Swami Prajnanananda, B.C. Deva, P. Sambamurthy, S.Seetha, V.Raghavan, Premalata Sharma, R.Satyanarayana, T.S. Parthasarthy, N. Ramanathan, S.A.K. Durga, Balantrapu Rajanikantarao, R.C Mehta and their works
• Contribution of western scholars to Indian music; Curt Sachs, N.A.Willard, William Jones, C.R. Day, E. Clements, Fox Strangways, H.A. Popley and Alain Danielou

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 07

• Origin and development of Prabandha, Gitam, Swarajati, Jatisvarm, Tanavarnam, Padavarnam, Kirtana, Kriti, Padam, Javali, Tillana, Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi, Niraval, Kalpanasvara, Tevaram, Divyaprabandham, Tiruppugazh, Thaya, Ragamalika, Viruttam, Dandakam
• Churnika, Sloka, Daru, Ashtapadi, Tarangam, Thiruvaimozhi, Thiruppavai, Chindu, Thiruvasagam, group Kritis
• Geya Nataka-a, Nritya Nataka-s Hindustani musical forms Dhrupad, Dhamar, Khayal, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, Trivat, Chaturang, Vrindgan

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 08

• Indian concept of classification of music instruments
• Origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of veena, tambura, violin, chitra vina, viola, mandolin, flute, nadasvaram, pancha mukha vadyam, mridangam, tavil, kanjira, dappu, chenda, maddalam, timila, jaltarang, ghatam, morsing, chipla, jalra
• Kartala and other tala instruments
• Outline knowledge of-sitar, sarangi, sarod, shehnai, tabla, pakhwaj, piano, guitar, clarionet

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 09

• Tevaram, Alvars, Jayadeva, Dasa Kuta, Purandara Dasa, Annamacharya, Tallapaka composers, Bhadrachala Ramadasa, Arunagirinathar, Muthutandavar, Marimuttupillai, Arunachala Kavirayar, Sangeeta Mummurthy viz., Syamasastry, Tyagaraja, Muttuswami Dikshitar
• Swati Tirunal, Gopalakrishna Bharati, Tanjore Quartette, Patnam Subramanya Iyer and other prominent post trinity composers
• Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar, Musiri Subrahmanya Iyer, G.N Balasubramaniam, Maharajapuram Vishwanatha Iyer, Semangudi Srinivas Iyer, Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, K.V Narayana Swamy, M.D Ramanathan, R.K Srikanthan, M. Balamurali Krishna, M.S. Subbalakshmi
• D.K. Pattammal, M.L.Vasantkumari, Brinda, Mukta and other prominent vocalists
• Karaikudi Samba Siva Iyer, Veena Dhanammal, S. Balachander, Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar, S. Balachander, ChittiBabu, Mysore Chowdiah, Lalgudi Jayaraman, Dwaram Venkataswami Naidu, T.N. Krishnan, M.S. Gopalakrishnan, Sarabha Sastri, T.R. Mahalingam
• N. Ramani, Sheikh Chinna Moulana, Amabalapuzha Brothers, Namagiri Pettai Krishnan, Palghat Mani Iyer, Palani Subramaniam, Viku Vinayakram, Harishankar and other prominent musicians of Veena, Violin, Flute, Nadaswaram, Mridangam, Ghatam and Kanjira

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 10

• Merits and limitations of Gurukula Sampradya, institutional training and academic teaching system in universities
• Nagasvaram Bani-Tanjavur style, Mridanga Bani-Tanjavur, Pudukkotai and Palakadu styles, Banis of Dhanammal school, Ariyakudi, musiri, GNB, Maharajapuram, Chembai and Semmangudi
• Styles of music trinity and analysis of their ragas, compositions with various musical versions
• Music propagation through music academies, Prasar Bharati, song and drama division, films,music festivals like Tiruvaiyaru, Chembai, Melattur, etc
• Influence of other music systems on Karnatak music-Hindustani and Western
• National and international awards in music

Music-Percussion: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Deshi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Percussion: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Percussion: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhayana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Percussion: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Percussion: Unit 05

• Description and playing techniques of varna’s and their combinations in tabla and pakhwaj instruments
• Ten pranas of taal (detailed study)
• Detailed study of Margi and Deshi taal system (Paddhati), knowledge of Karnataka taal system: Detailed knowledge of Uttar Bhartiya taal padhati and taalas used in Uttar Bhartiya sangeet
• A brief knowledge of taalas used with Rabindra sangeet
• Laya and layakari
• Brief knowledge of staff notation system
• Tabla accompaniment with vocal, (classical, semi-classical music) instrumental music and kathak dance
• Relationship between taal and Chhand, knowledge of composing Tihaies of different Matras
• Detailed knowledge of Tihai-Damdar, Bedam, Nauhakka, and Chakradar Tihaies
• Mathematical calculation of Chakradar-(Sadharan, Firmaishi, and Kamali Chakradar)
• Difference between Chakradar Gat, Chakradar Tukada, and Chakradar Paran
• The chakra of thirty two Tihaies describe by Acharya Brihaspati

Music-Percussion: Unit 06

• Bharat, Sharangdeva, Matang, Parashwadev Nanyadev, Ramamatya, Somnath, Damodar Pandit, Ahobal, Venkatmakhi, V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D. Paluskar, Pundarik Vitthal, Dr. Subhadra Chaudhary, Nikhil Ghosh, Madhukar Ganesh Godbole, Swami Pagal Das
• Purshottam Das Pakhawaji, Girish Chandra Shrivastava, BhagawatSharan Sharma, Prof. Sudhir Kumar Saxena, Dr. Aban Mistry, Dr. Yogmaya Shukla, Arvind Mulgaonkar, Sudhir Mainkar, Dr. Arun Kumar Sen, Chhote Lal Mishra
• Detailed study of the following texts: Natya Shastra, sangeet ratnakar, Bruhad Deshi, Sangeet Samyasar Sangeet Raj, Ashtottar Shat taal, Lakshanam, Bhartiya Sangeet Vadya, Table ka Udagam Vikas Avam Vadan Shailiyan, Bhartiya Talon ka Shastriya Vivechan
• Detailed study of the following texts: Pakhawaj avam table ke Gharane avam, Parmparayen, taal Kosh, tabla vadan kala avam Shastra, tabla, Bhartiya taal men anekata mein ekta, aesthetics of tabla, tabla puran, taal vadya parichaya, tabla granth manjusha
• Detailed study of the following texts: Laya taal vichar manthan, tabla vadan mein Nihit Saundaraya, solo tabla drumming of north India, tabla of Lucknow, taal Vadya Shashtra, Bhartiya sangeet men taal, Chand avam Roop Vidhan

Music-Percussion: Unit 07

• Definition of Bandish-expandable and nonexpendable compositions
• The aesthetics of bandishen
• Importance of presentation of bandishen
• Detailed study of Theka, Peshkar, Quaida and its Prastar (Paltas), Bant, Rela, Rau, Tukda, Mukhada, Gat and its various kinds, Rang-Rela, Fird, Paran, Tihaies of various kinds
• Gats and quaidas of different Gharanas, LaggiLadi
• Study of different compositions popular in classical vocal, semi-classical and instrumental music: Khayal, Masitkhani gat, Raza Khani gat, Thumari, Dadra, Tappa, Kajari, Chaiti, Dhrupad, Dhamar, Sadra, Jhoola, Bhajan, Gazal, Geet
• General knowledge of compositions used in Kathak dance: Aamad, Paran, Tatkar, Toda, Stuti Paran

Music-Percussion: Unit 08

• Classification of Indian musical instruments as per described by Bharat, Sharangdev and Dr. Lalmani Mishra
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (a) Tat vadya: Veena, vichitra veena, naradiya veena, saraswati veena, rudra veena, sitar, sarod, sarangi, violin, dilruba, israj, santoor, surbahar
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (a) Tat vadya: Tanpura, Guitar, eaktara, dotara, (b) sushir vadya: Flute, shehanai, nagasvaram, claronate, algoza, sundari, maguti
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (c) Avanaddha vadya: Panav, Patah, Mirdang, Pakhawaj, tabla, mridangam, tavil, khanjira, khol, chenda, chang, upang, duff, nakkara, dhol, dholak, sambal
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (c) Avanaddha vadya: Dholaki, Naal, Huddaka, pung, (d) Ghana vadya: Jal-tarang, nal-tarang, ghatam, morsinq, chipli, jalra, kartaal, jhanjh, manjira
• Popular percussion instruments used in western music: Kittle drum, Snare drum, Bass drum, Tenor drum and other important percussions

Music-Percussion: Unit 09

• Tabla: Natthu Khan, Modu Khan, Bakshu Khan, Abid Hussian Khan, Haji Vilayat Ali, Salari Khan, Chudiya Imam Baksh, Ram Sahay, Munir Khan, Habibuddin Khan, Ahmemadjan Thirukuwa, Amir Hussain, Jahangir Khan, Shekh Daud, Bade Munne Khan, Karamtullah Khan
• Tabla: Allarakha Khan, Gyan Prakash Ghosh, Nikhil Ghosh, Gama Maharaj, Kishan Maharaj, Kanthe Maharaj, Samta Prasad (Gudai Maharaj), Anokhelal Mishra, Bhai Gaitonde, Pandharinath Nageshkar, Suresh Talwalkar, Hashamat Ali Khan
• Tabla: Zakir Hussain and contemporary tabla and pakhawaj vizards and scholars
• Pakhawaj: Kudau Singh Jodhsingh, Nana Panse, Ayodhya Prasad, Pagal Das, Chatrapati Singh, Arjun Sejwal, Madhav Rao Alkutkar, Sakhara Ram
• Nakkara Vadak: Dilawar Khan, Aggan Khan
• Dholak Vadak: Bafati Khan, Gulam Jafer, Dholki: Vijay Chauhan
• Karntak music: Vocalists and instrumentalists-Bharat Ratan Subbalakshmi, S. Balchandar, Bal Muralikrishnan, Lalgudi Jairaman, T.N. Krishnan, Palghat Raghu, Palghat Mani Iyer, Umayalpuram Shivraman, U. Srinivasan, Vikku Vinayak Ram, Hari Shankar
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Allauddin Khan, Vilayat Khan, Ravishankar, Abdul Haleem Jafer, Balram Pathak, Nikhil Banerjee, Hafeez Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Amajad Ali Khan, V.G. Jog, D.K. Datar, N Rajam, Hariprasad Chourasia
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Pannalal Ghosh, Bismillah Khan, Ali Hussain, Siddharam Jadhav, Krishna Rao, Shankar Pandit, Mogubai Kurdikar, Kesar Bai Kerkar, Mallikarjun Mansoor, Abdul Karim Khan, Faiyaz Khan, Bhimsen Joshi
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Gangubai Hangal Malini Rajurkar, Kishori Amonkar, Jas Raj, Kumar Gandharava and Aamir Khan
• Dancers: Acchan Maharaj, Lacchu Maharaj, Sitara Devi, Gopi Krishna, Birju Maharaj, Durga Lal, Yamini Krishnamurty Sanyukta Panigrahi and Kalyani Kutti Amma
• All national and international awardees in the field of music, dance, folk music, and folk dances with special reference to percussion instrumentalists

Music-Percussion: Unit 10

• Definition of baaj and gharanas
• Historical evaluation and developments of gharanas of tabla and pakhawaj, Delhi gharana, Ajarada gharana, Farrukhabad gharana, Lucknow gharana, Benaras gharana, Punjab gharana, Nana Panase gharana, Kudau Singh gharana
• Varna Nikas (playing technique) in different gharanas
• Main characteristics of peshkar, quida, rela, gat, tukada, paran, tihai, chakradar and laggi ladi on the basis of gharanas
• Importance and utility of tabla and pakhawaj in classical music, semi classical, sugam and film music
• Universities, academies and other institutions, renowned professors, gurus, academicians, administrators who are propagating music

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Deshi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhayana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 05

• The knowledge of round the clock ragas and raginis, the knowledge of talas, the knowledge of kirtana, baul and other folk songs of bengal, the knowledge of monsoon and vernal ragas and raginis, selected provincial songs
• Selected verses from the vedas and upanisads frequently chanted by tagore
• Rabindra nath tagore specially created talas that is, jhampak (5 matra), sasthi (6 matra), rupakra (8 matra), nabatal (9 matra), ekadasi (11 matra), nabapanchatal (18 matra)
• Mulgan and bhanga gan
• Brahma sangeet by Tagore’s
• Tagore’s poetic songs, (kabyageeti), vedic hymns (tuned by tagore)
• Patriotic songs
• Akarmatrik notation system

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 06

• Conversation between Tagore and eminent personalities of India and abroad
• Western scholars on Tagore music
• ‘Sangeet Chinta’ full study of Tagore book
• Influence of European music as a whole on Tagore
• Influence of European Music and provincial tune
• Tagore’s creative journey in song writing and musical compositions
• History of anthology of Tagore songs
• Basic knowledge in Indian classical music with special emphasis in Dhrupad, Khayal, Tappa, Thumri
• Knowledge of notation and tal (Indian and Western)

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 07

• Main forms for Rabindra sangeet
• Geetanjali and song offerings-a textual study
• Biography of Tagore: The music composer upto Geetanjali era throughout Tagore’s life
• The music composer (second part) after Geetanjali to 1941
• Barsamangal, Sarodotsav, etc
• Aesthetic approach of Rabindranath Tagore through Rabindra sangeet
• Tagore’s philosophy of music, sahityer pathe, sahitya, sahityer swarup
• Tagore’s vision of music in his early days
• Concept of Tagore’s musical philosophy as expressed in essays, poems, novels etc
• Knowledge of raga
• Bengali songs: Pre contemporary and post Rabindranath era
• Bramhasangeet and patriotic songs of different author other than Rabindranath
• Bramhasangeet: Different author other than Tagore family
• Bedgan, maghotsav, upasana song, songs of Tagore house, hansirgan

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 08

• Popular instruments used in Rabindra sangeet, that is, esraj, guitar, key board, sitar, tanpura, harmonium, sarod, violin, mandira, organ-piano, flute and its varieties, pakhawaj, tabla, sri khol, dhol, mridangam, jaltarang etc
• Rabindra sangeet: Experiments in rhythms and talas
• Application of various talas and rhythms
• Surantar and Chhandantar

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 09

• Tagore’s Geetinatya and Nrityanatya example-Valmiki Prativa, Kalmrigaya, Mayar Khela, Chitrangada, Chandalika, Shyama, Taser Des, Shap Mochan, etc, and other dramas full of various songs, that is, like Prayaschitta, Visarjan, Muktadhara, Achalayatan, Raja
• Other dramas full of various songs, that is, like Raktakarabi, Phalguni, Basant, Sisutirtha, Rinsodh, Raja o Rani, Prakitir Pratisodh, Tapati, etc
• All dramatic works and example Tagores musical creativity in Gitabitan-a textual study (part I, II, III) and Swarabitan (notation books) 1-66 and others
• Bhanusingher Padabali, Ritunatya
• History of anthology of Tagore’s songs
• Contribution of scholar/ performer/ musicians: Pratibha Devi, Subinoy Roy, Nilima Sen, Indira Devi Chowdhurani, Maya Sen, Suchitra Mitra, Kanika Bandyopadhyay, Santidev Ghosh, Jyotirindranath Tagore, Debendranath Tagore, Sailajaranjan Majumdar
• Contribution of scholar/ performer/ musicians: Anadi Dastidar, Kangalicharan Sen, Amiya Thakur, Bhimrao Sastri, Ases Bandyopadhyay, Girijasankar Chakraborty, Ramesh Chandra Bandyopadhyay, Rajeswari Dutta, Sankha Ghosh, Sudhir Chakraborty etc

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 10

• An overall survey of Tagore’s musical creativity, tonal and rhythmic varieties of Tagore’s musical compositions including his own experimental variations
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical compositions
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical compositions (chronological order may be maintained)
• Influence of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Western music on Rabindra sangeet, compositions who influenced Rabindra Sangeet
• Tagore Song used in films
• Tagore songs: Tunes adapted from Tappa, Thumri, Tarana, and Bhajan with original songs
• The cultural atmosphere of Tagore’s family (Pathuriaghata, and Jorasanko, Kolkata)
• Thematic variations of Tagore’s music: (Puja, Prem, Swadesh, Prakriti, Vichitra, Anusthanik) festival songs of Rabindra Sangeet
• Knowledge of Hindustani songs and Tagore’s opinion on these songs
• National anthem of India and Bangladesh
• Rabindra sangeet based on classical tune

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Vedic and Upaniṣadic: Ṛta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of Yajῆa (sacrifice), theories of creation Atman-self (and not-self), Jāgrat, Svapna, Susupti, and Turiya, Brahmaṇ
• Cārvāka: Pratyakṣa as the only Pramāṇa, critique of Anumāna and Sabda, consciousness as epi-phenomenon
• Jainism: Concept of reality-Sat, Dravya, Guṇa, Paryāya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekāntavāda, Syādvāda and Nayavāda; theory of knowledge
• Buddhism: Four noble truths, Astangika Mārga, distinction between Brahmiṇic and Sraminic traditions. Pratityasamutpāda, Kṣaṇabhahgavāda, Anātmavāda. Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhāṣika, Sautrāntika, Yogacāra, Mādhyamika, and Tibetan Buddhism
• Nyāya: Pramā and Apramā, theories of Pramāṇa: Pratyakṣa, Anumāna, Upamana, Sabda. Hetvabhāsa. Concept of God. Debate between Buddhism and Nyāya about Pramāṇa-Vyavasthā and Pramāṇa Samplava. Anyathākhyati
• Vaiśeṣika: Concept of Padārtha and its kinds, Asatkāryavāda, kinds of Kāraṇa: Samavāyi, Asamavāyi, and Nimitta Kāraṇa, Paramaṇukaraṇavāda
• Sāṃkhya: Satkāryavāda, Prakṛti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakṛti, nature of Puruṣa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Puruṣa, relationship between Puruṣa and Prakṛti, atheism
• Yoga: Pataῆjali’s theory of Pramāṇa, concept of Citta and Citta-Vṛtti, stages of Cittbhumi, the role of God in yoga
• Purva-Mimāṃsā: Pramāṇyavāda-Svatah-Pramāṇyavāda and Paratah-Pramāṇyavada, Sruti and its importance, classification of Sruti-Vākyas, Vidhi, Niṣedha and Arthavāda, Dharma, Bhāvanā, Sabda-Nityavāda, Jāti, Saktivada
• Purva-Mimāṃsā: Kumārila and Prabhākara schools of Mimāṃsa and their major points of difference, Triputi-Samvit, Jῆatatā, Abhāva and Anupalabdhi, Anvitadbhidhanavāda, Abhihitanvayavāda, theories of error: Akhyāti, Viparitakhyāti, atheism
• Vedanta
• Advaita: Brahmaṇ, relation between Brahmaṇ and Atman, three grades of Sattā, Adhyāsa, Māya, Jiva, Vivartavāda, Anirvachniya-Khyāti
• Viśiṣtādvaita: Saguṇa brahmaṇ, refutation of Māya, Aprthaksiddhi Pariṇāmavāda, Jiva, Bhakti and Prapatti, Brahma-Pariṇāmavāda, Sat-Khyāti
• Dvaita: Rejection of Nirguṇa brahmaṇ and Māya, Bheda and Sāksi, Bhakti
• Dvaitavaita: Concept of Jῆānaswaroop, kinds of inanimate
• Sudhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-Pariṇāmavāda

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Pre-socratic philosophers: Thales, anaxagoras, anaximenies, ionians, pythagoras, parmenides, heraclitus, and democritus
• The Sophists and Socrates
• Plato and Aristotle: Plato-theory of knowledge, knowledge and opinion, theory of ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God. Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive
• Plato and Aristotle: Aristotle-logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, soul and God
• Medieval philosophy: St. Augustine-problem of evil, St. Anselm: Ontological argument, St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God
• Modern western philosophy: Descartes-conception of method, criteria of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, cartesian dualism: Mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, interactionism
• Modern western philosophy: Spinoza-substance, attribute and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, Intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, three orders of knowing. Leibnitz-monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas
• Modern western philosophy: Leibnitz-proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom
• Modern western philosophy: Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge
• Modern western philosophy: Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipcism; God and self
• Modern western philosophy: Hume-impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism
• Modern western philosophy: Hume-reason and the passions. Kant: The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgements, the copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
• Modern western philosophy: Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, rejection of speculative metaphysics. Hegel: The conception of Geist (spirit)
• Modern western philosophy: Hegel-the dialectical method, concepts of being, non-being and becoming, absolute idealism, freedom

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Concept of Purusārtha, Sreyas, and Preyas, Varṇāshrama, dharma, Sādhāraṇa dharma, Ṛna and Yajῆa, concept of duty, karma-yoga, Sthitprajῆa, Svadharma, Lokasaṃgraha, Apurva and Adṛṣta, Sādhya-Sādhana, Itikartavyata, law of karma: Ethical implications
• Ṛta and satya, yoga-Kśema, Astānga yoga, Jainism: Samvara-Nirjarā, Tri-Ratṇa, Panch-Vrata
• Buddhism: Upāya-Kaushal, brahma-Vihāra-Matri, Karuṇā, Muditā, Upeksha, Bodhisattva, Carvaka’s hedonism

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Concepts of good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, eudaemonism, intuition as explained in teleological and deontological theories
• Egoism, altruism, universalism, subjectivism, cultural relativism, super-naturalism, ethical realism and intuitionism, Kant’s moral theory: Postulates of morality, good-will, categorical Imperative, duty, mean and ends, maxims
• Utilitarianism: Principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality, kinds of utilitarianism, moral theories of Bentham, J.S. Mill, Sidgwick, theories of punishment
• Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism: emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Vivekananda: practical Vedanta, universal religion, religious experience, religious rituals
• Sri Aurobindo: evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga
• Iqbal: Self, God, man and superman, intellect and intuition
• Tagore: religion of man, ideas on education, concept of nationalism
• K. C. Bhattacharyya: Swaraj in ideas, concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of Maya
• Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the Idealist view of life, concept of universal religion, Hindu view of life
• J. Krishnamurti: conception of thought, freedom from the known, analysis of self, choiceless awareness
• Gandhi: truth, non-violence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, critique of modern civilization
• Ambedkar: annihilation of caste, philosophy of Hinduism, Neo-Buddhism
• D.D. Upadhyaya: Integral Humanism, Advaita Vedanta, Purusartha
• Narayana Guru: the spiritual freedom and social equality, one caste, one religion, one God
• Tiruvallur: Tirukkural
• Jyotiba Phule: Critical understanding of caste-system
• M.N.Roy: radical humanism, materialism
• Maulana Azad: humanism

Philosophy: Unit 06

• Analytic and continental philosophy: Frege-sense and reference, logical positivism: verification theory of meaning, elimination of metaphysics, concept of philosophy, Moore: distinction between sense and reference, refutation of idealism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Defense of commonsense, proof of an external world. Russell: Logical atomism, definite descriptions, refutation of idealism, Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects, names, and propositions
• Analytic and continental philosophy: The picture theory, critique of private language, meaning and use, forms of life, notion of philosophy, Wittgensteinian Fideism, on certainty, Gilbert Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism, A.J. Ayer: The problem of knowledge, W.V.O. Quine: Two Dogmas of Empiricism, H.P. Grice and P.F. Strawson: In defense of a dogma, phenomenology and existentialism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Husserl-phenomenological method, philosophy as a rigorous science, intentionality, phenomenological reduction, inter-subjectivity, Heidegger: The concept of Being (Dasein), man as being in the world
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Critique of technological civilization, Kierkegaard: Subjectivity as truth, leap of faith, Sartre: Concept of freedom, bad-faith, humanism, Morleau-Ponty: Perception, embodied consciousness, pragmatism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, varieties of religious experience, John Dewey: Concept of truth, common-faith, education, post-modernism, Nietzsche: critique of enlightenment, will to power
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Genealogy of moral, Richard Rorty: Critique of representationalism, against epistemological method, edifying philosophy, Immanuel Levinas: Ethics as a first philosophy, philosophy of ‘other’

Philosophy: Unit 07

• Mahabharata: Danda-niti, foundations, Rajdharma, law and governance, Narada’s questions to king Yudhisthir, Kautilya: Sovereignty, seven pillars of state-craft, state, society, social-life, state administration, state economy, law, and justice
• Kautilya: Internal security, welfare and external affairs, Kamandaki: Social order and state elements, constitutional morality, secularism and fundamental rights constitutionalism, total revolution, terrorism, swadeshi, satyagrah, sarvodaya
• Kautilya: Social democracy
• State socialism, affirmative action, social justice, social institutions: Family, marriage, property, education and religion colonialism

Philosophy: Unit 08

• Plato: Ideal state and justice, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau: Social contract theory, Isaiah Berlin: Conceptions of liberty, Bernard Williams: Idea of equality, Liberalism: Rawls; distributive justice, Nozick; Justice as entitlement, Dworkin
• Justice as equality; Amartya Sen: Global justice, freedom and capability, Marxism: Dialectical materialism, alienation, critique of capitalism, doctrine of class struggle and classless society, communitarianism: Communitarian critique of liberal self
• Communitarianism: Universalism vs. particularism, theory of Charles Taylor, MacIntyre, Michael Sandel, Multiculturalism: Charles Taylor; politics of recognition, Will Kymlicka; conception of minority rights, feminism: Basic concepts-patriarchy, misogyny
• Feminism: Gender, theories of feminism; liberal, socialist, radical and ecofeminism

Philosophy: Unit 09

• Truth and Validity, Denotation and Connotation, Nature of Propositions, Categorical Syllogism, Laws of thought, Classification of Propositions, Square of Opposition, Truth-Functions and Propositional Logic, Quantification and Rules of Quantification
• Symbolic logic: Use of symbols, decision procedures: Truth table, using truth-tables for testing the validity of arguments, Venn diagram, informal, and formal fallacies, proving validity, argument, and argument-form, axiomatic system, consistency
• Completeness, differences between deductive and inductive logic

Philosophy: Unit 10

• What is applied philosophy?, philosophy of technology; technology, dominance, power, and social inequalities, democratization of technology, ethical implication of information technology, biotechnology, non-technology
• Environmental ethics: Nature as means or end, Aldo-Leopold; land-ethics, Arne Naess: Deep ecology, Peter Singer; animal rights, medical-ethics: Surrogacy, doctor-patient relationship, abortion, euthanasia, female-infanticide
• Professional ethics: Corporate governance and ethical responsibility, media ethics: Ethical issues in privacy, cyber space, pornography, representation and differences-marginalization, legal ethics: Law and morality, legal obligation
• Legal ethics: Authority and validity of law, philosophical counseling: Managing everyday problems

Physical education: Unit 01

• Philosophies of education as applied to physical education, development of physical education in Greece, Rome, Sweden, Russia, England, Denmark, Germany, USA, Australia and China
• Growth and development of physical education in India: Recreation-its principles, characteristics, and importance. Modern trends in recreation. Indoor and outdoor recreational programmes. Recreational programmes for various categories of people
• Wellness: Its importance, benefits, and challenges. Development and maintenance of wellness
• Teaching aptitude: Nature, objectives, characteristics of teaching, learner characteristics, and teaching methods
• Social aspects of sports: Sports as a socializing agency, social values, sports leadership, sports as cultural heritage and social aspects of competition
• Ancient and modern Olympics games, Asian, and Commonwealth games
• Structure and functions of international and national bodies controlling various games and sports
• Prominent honours and awards in games, and sports

Physical education: Unit 02

• Cardio respiratory adaptations to long and short term physical activities
• Muscle-its types, characteristics, and functions
• Microscopic structure of muscle fiber
• Sliding filament theory of muscular contraction
• Types of muscle fibers and sports performance
• Muscular adaptations to exercise
• Neuromuscular junction and transmission of nerve impulse, kinesthetic sense organs, and neural control of motor skills
• Biochemical aspects of exercise-metabolism of food products
• Aerobic and anaerobic systems during rest and exercise
• Direct and indirect methods of measuring energy cost of exercise
• Recovery process-physiological aspects of fatigue
• Restoration of energy stores
• Recovery oxygen
• Nutritional aspects of performance
• Environmental influence on human physiology under exercise
• Women in sports-trainability
• Physiological gender differences and special problems of women athletes
• Aging-physiological consequences, life style management, and healthful aging
• Physiological responses of various therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation
• Physiological aspects of various Ergogenic aids
• Massage manipulations and their physiological responses

Physical education: Unit 03

• Modern trends in biomechanics
• Planes and axes of human body
• Joints and their movements
• Muscle attachments-origin, insertion, action, and leverage of the principal muscles used in sports
• Motion-its laws and their application in sports
• Projectile and principles of projections
• Linear and angular kinematics, and kinetics
• Friction, spin, impact, and elasticity
• Air and water dynamics
• Mechanical advantage and applications of Levers in sports
• Posture and its deformities with their corrective exercises
• Kinesiological, muscular, and mechanical analyses of fundamental movements: Mechanical analyses of major sports skills

Physical education: Unit 04

• Motivation in sports-types, theories, and dynamics
• Psychological factors affecting sports performance-emotions, anxiety aggression, stress ,self confidence, concentration, mental practice, and goal setting
• Personality-theories of personality, measurement of personality
• Group dynamics, group cohesion, and leadership in sports
• Cognitive process-memory and thinking
• Principles of motor skill learning
• Transfer of training and its types with its implication in sports
• Long and short term psychological preparation for performance/ competition
• Psychological skill training for activation and relaxation
• Spectators and sports performance

Physical education: Unit 05

• Comparative study of professional preparation in physical education of India with those of USA, Russia, Germany, Australia, and UK
• Professional and other courses of physical education in India
• Role of Government agencies monitoring professional courses in physical education
• Qualities, qualifications, and responsibilities of physical education personnel at primary, secondary, and higher education levels
• Scope of physical education personnel in the promotion of health, fitness, and wellness
• Recent Government policies for promoting physical education and sports in India
• Hierarchy of organizational set-up in physical education at schools, colleges, and university level
• Role of public and private sectors in the promotion of physical education and sports in the country
• Curriculum development-concepts and principles of curriculum planning
• Subject matter for different levels of education-primary, secondary, and higher education
• Curriculum design and content-importance, selection, and classification of subject matter with reference to age, sex and differently abled pupils
• Integrated programme for boys and girls
• Teaching aids-time-table, concepts, credit system for various subject courses theory and practical, impact of technology in physical education and sports
• Curriculum evaluation: Concepts and purpose; procedure and appraisal

Physical education: Unit 06

• Health education, its importance, and principles
• Role of genetics and environment in achieving health
• Health-related physical fitness
• Community health programme-health appraisal and health instructions
• International and national health promoting government and private agencies
• School health programme and personal hygiene
• Communicable diseases: causes, symptoms, prevention through other means and immunization
• Psychosomatic disorders/ sedentary life style diseases: Causes, symptoms, and prevention
• Obesity related health problems
• Body weight control and its significance on health
• Role of exercise, dieting, and combination of exercise and dieting on weight control
• First-aid-objectives and principles
• First-aid for shock, poisoning, burns, drowning, bleeding, electric shock and common sports injuries
• Pollution-air, water, sound, and radiation
• Effects of pollution on health, preventive and safety measures from pollution
• Nutrition-balanced diet and its components
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Understanding of malnutrition and nutritional supplements
• Effects of smoking, alcohol, and drugs on health; prevention and rehabilitation

Physical education: Unit 07

• Training load, its features, principles, and adaptation process
• Means and methods of executing training load
• Overload, its causes, symptoms, and remedial measures
• Strength-its characteristics, types of strength, factors determining strength, and strength development
• Endurance-its characteristics, types of endurance, factors determining endurance, and endurance development
• Speed-its characteristics, types of speed, factors determining speed and speed development
• Flexibility-its characteristics, types of flexibility, factors determining flexibility and flexibility development
• Coordinative abilities-its characteristics, types of coordinative abilities, factors determining coordinative abilities and development of coordinative abilities
• Technique and skill-its characteristics and importance
• Different stages of technique development and technique training
• Tactics and strategy
• Planning-its importance and principles
• Types of planning
• Periodization-its importance, objectives, and types of periodization
• Concept of different periods-preparatory, competition, and transitional
• Types of competition: Talent identification-process and procedure

Physical education: Unit 08

• Ethical issues in research
• Methods of research-descriptive, historical, and experimental
• Experimental research designs
• Identification and formulation of research problem
• Types of research hypotheses and their formulation
• Hypotheses testing
• Tools of research-questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and observation
• Sources and steps of literature search-library, research data bases, internet-search engines, online journals
• Note taking and critical reading
• Sampling Techniques-probability and non probability
• Data, its types, and collecting measures
• Normal probability curve and grading scales
• Statistical processes, their importance, and uses in research
• Application of parametric and non parametric statistical techniques in research
• Computer applications-statistical packages for data analyses-SPSS, e-mail, search engines and Microsoft office
• Preparation of research proposal, report, abstract, paper for publication and paper for presentation

Physical education: Unit 09

• Principles and processes of evaluation in physical education
• Criteria of selecting an appropriate test and administration of testing programme
• Types of tests and construction of standard knowledge and skill tests
• Tests for fitness-physical fitness, motor fitness, motor ability, and motor educability
• Health related fitness tests
• Test for fitness components-strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities
• Sports skill tests-badminton, basketball, football, hockey, tennis, and volleyball
• Anthropometric measurements-land marks and measurement of various body segments, height, sitting-height, weight, diameters, circumferences, skin folds, body mass index, ponderal index
• Somatotype and Posture evaluating techniques
• Testing of physiological phenomenons-blood pressure, breathing frequency vital capacity, heart rate, pulse rate, body temperature and body composition
• Tests for psychological variables-anxiety, aggression, team cohesion, achievement motivation, mental-toughness, and self-efficacy

Physical education: Unit 10

• Scope of management in physical education and sports
• Guiding principles for organizing physical education and sports programmes in institutions
• Personnel management-objectives and principles
• Self-appraisal, communication skills and time management
• Essential skills of administration
• Financial management-objectives, purposes, principles, and scope
• Planning and preparation of budget
• Mechanics of purchase and auditing
• Supervision-objectives, principles, and importance of supervision
• Techniques of supervision
• Duties and responsibilities of a supervisor
• Facility management-planning, procuring, and maintenance of facilities-indoor and outdoor facilities
• Planning and management of sports infrastructure
• Management of records
• Role of sports manager-interpersonal, informational, and decision making
• Managerial skills-technical, human, and conceptual
• Qualities and qualification of sports manager
• Event management-its principles, planning, check list, rehearsal, itinerary, execution, reporting and follow-up procedures of an event
• Public relation-principles of public relations in physical education and sports
• Mass media-communication and publicity, qualifications of public relation officer

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 01

• Dimensional analysis
• Vector algebra and vector calculus
• Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Eigen values and Eigen vectors
• Linear ordinary differential equations of first and second order, special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre, and Legendre functions)
• Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms
• Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor and Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals
• Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Central limit theorem

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 02

• Newton’s laws
• Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
• Central force motions
• Two body collisions-scattering in laboratory and centre of mass frames
• Rigid body dynamics moment of inertia tensor
• Non-inertial frames and pseudo forces
• Variational principle
• Generalized coordinates
• Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism, and equations of motion
• Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates
• Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes
• Special theory of relativity Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 03

• Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems
• Magneto statics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem
• Electromagnetic induction
• Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces
• Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance
• Electromagnetic waves in free space
• Dielectrics and conductors
• Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference, coherence, and diffraction
• Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 04

• Wave-particle duality
• Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent)
• Eigen value problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc)
• Tunneling through a barrier
• Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations
• Commutators and heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Dirac notation for state vectors
• Motion in a central potential: Orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; hydrogen atom
• Stern-gerlach experiment
• Time independent perturbation theory and applications
• Variational method
• Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules
• Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 05

• Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences
• Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibrium
• Phase space, micro-, and macro-states
• Micro-canonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles, and partition functions
• Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities
• Classical and quantum statistics
• Ideal bose and fermi gases
• Principle of detailed balance
• Blackbody radiation and planck's distribution law

Physical sciences-Part-A (Core): Unit 06

• Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo-and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications
• Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs)
• Operational amplifiers and their applications
• Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators, and similar circuits)
• A/D and D/A converters
• Microprocessor and microcontroller basics
• Data interpretation and analysis
• Precision and accuracy
• Error analysis, propagation of errors
• Least squares fitting

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 01

• Green’s function
• Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions)
• Elements of computational techniques: Root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson’s rule, solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method
• Finite difference methods
• Tensors
• Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3)

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 02

• Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
• Poisson brackets and canonical transformations
• Symmetry, invariance and noether’s theorem
• Hamilton-jacobi theory

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 03

• Dispersion relations in plasma
• Lorentz invariance of maxwell’s equation
• Transmission lines and wave guides
• Radiation from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 04

• Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure
• Wkb approximation
• Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation
• Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations
• Semi-classical theory of radiation

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 05

• First-and second-order phase transitions
• Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism
• Ising model
• Bose-einstein condensation
• Diffusion equation
• Random walk and brownian motion
• Introduction to non-equilibrium processes

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 06

• Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test
• Transducers (temperature, pressure/ vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors)
• Measurement and control
• Signal conditioning and recovery
• Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding
• Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques
• High frequency devices (including generators and detectors)

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 07

• Quantum states of an electron in an atom
• Electron spin
• Spectrum of helium and alkali atom
• Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines, LS and JJ couplings
• Zeeman, Paschen- Back, and Stark effects
• Electron spin resonance
• Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift
• Frank-condon principle
• Born-oppenheimer approximation
• Electronic, rotational, vibrational, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules
• Lasers: Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients
• Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation
• Modes of resonators and coherence length

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 08

• Bravais lattices
• Reciprocal lattice
• Diffraction and the structure factor
• Bonding of solids
• Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat
• Free electron theory and electronic specific heat
• Response and relaxation phenomena
• Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity
• Hall effect and thermoelectric power
• Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: Metals, insulators, and semiconductors
• Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors
• Josephson junctions
• Super fluidity
• Defects and dislocations
• Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order
• Quasi crystals

Physical sciences-Part-B (Advanced): Unit 09

• Basic nuclear properties: Size, shape, and charge distribution, spin and parity
• Binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model
• Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces
• Deuteron problem
• Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity, and limitations
• Rotational spectra
• Elementary ideas of alpha, beta, and gamma decays, and their selection rules
• Fission and fusion
• Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions
• Classification of fundamental forces
• Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc)
• Gell-mann-Nishijima formula
• Quark model, baryons, and mesons
• C, p, and t invariance
• Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions
• Parity non-conservation in weak interaction
• Relativistic kinematics

Political science: Unit 01

• Concepts: Liberty, equality, justice, rights, democracy, power, citizenship, political traditions: Liberalism, conservatism, socialism, Marxism, feminism, ecologism, multiculturalism, postmodernism

Political science: Unit 02

• Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, John Rawls

Political science: Unit 03

• Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Aggañña Sutta, Barani, Kabir, Pandita Ramabai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, Muhammad Iqbal, M.N.Roy, V D Savarkar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, J L Nehru
• Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan, Deendayal Upadhyaya

Political science: Unit 04

• Approaches: Institutional, political culture, political economy, and new institutionalism; comparative methods, colonialism, and decolonization: Forms of colonialism, anti-colonial struggles and decolonization, nationalism: European and non-European
• State theory: Debate over the nature of state in capitalist and socialist societies; post-colonial state; welfare state; globalization and nations-states
• Political regimes: Democratic (electoral, liberal, majoritarian, and participatory) and non-democratic regimes (patrimonialism, bureaucratic authoritarianism, military dictatorship, totalitarianism, and fascist)
• Constitutions and Constitutionalism: forms of constitutions, rule of law, judicial independence and liberal constitutionalism; emergency powers and crisis of constitutionalism
• Democratization: Democratic transition and consolidation
• Development: Underdevelopment, dependency, modernization, world systems theory, development and democracy
• Structures of power: Ruling class, power elites, democratic elitism, actor and processes: Electoral systems, political parties and party system, interest groups, social movements, new social movements
• Actor and processes: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society campaigns; revolutions

Political science: Unit 05

• Approaches to the study of international relations: idealism, realism, structural Marxism, neoliberalism, neorealism, social constructivism, critical international theory, feminism, postmodernism
• Concepts: State, state system, and non-state actors, power, sovereignty, security: Traditional and non- traditional
• Conflict and peace: Changing nature of warfare; weapons of mass destruction; deterrence; conflict resolution, conflict transformation
• United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of UN; peace and development perspectives; humanitarian intervention. International law; international criminal court, political economy of IR; globalization
• United nations: Global governance and Bretton Woods system, north-south dialogue, WTO, G-20, BRICS
• Regional organizations: European union, African union, Shanghai cooperation organization, ASEAN
• Contemporary challenges: International terrorism, climate change, and environmental concerns, human rights, migration, and refugees; poverty and development; role of religion, culture, and identity politics

Political science: Unit 06

• Perspectives on India’s Foreign Policy: India’s Identity as postcolonial, development, rising power and as emerging political economy, Continuity and change in India’s Foreign Policy: Principles and determinants
• Non-Alignment movement: Historical background and relevance of non Aligned movement; India’s nuclear policy, India’s relations with major powers: USA, USSR/ Russia, People’s Republic of China
• India’s Engagement with multipolar world: India’s relations with European Union, BRICS, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Gulf Cooperation Council
• India’s relations with neighborhood: SAARC, Gujral doctrine, look east/ act east, look west
• India’s negotiation strategies in international regimes: The united nations, world trade organization, international monetary fund, intergovernmental panel on climate change, contemporary challenges: Maritime security, energy security
• Contemporary challenges: Environmental security, migrants, and refugees, water resources, international terrorism, cyber security

Political science: Unit 07

• Making of the Indian constitution: Colonialism heritage and the contribution Indian national movement to the making of the Indian constitution, constituent assembly: Composition, ideological moorings, constitutional debates
• Philosophy of the constitution: Preamble, fundamental rights, directive principles, constitutionalism in India: Democracy, social change, national unity, checks and balances, basic structure debate, constitutional amendments
• Union executive: President, prime minister, and council of ministers, union parliament: Structure, role, and functioning, parliamentary committees, judiciary: Supreme court, high court, judicial review, judicial activism, judicial reform
• Executive and legislature in the states: Governor, chief minister, state legislature, federalism in India: Strong centre framework, asymmetrical federal provisions and adaption, role of intergovernmental coordination mechanisms, inter-state council
• Federalism in India: Emerging trends
• Electoral process and election commission of India: Conduct of elections, rules, electoral reforms
• Local government institutions: Functioning and reforms
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: Comptroller and auditor general, national commission for scheduled castes, national commission for scheduled tribes, national commission for human rights, national commission for women
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: National commission for minorities

Political science: Unit 08

• State, economy, and development: Nature of Indian state, development planning model, new economic policy, growth and human development
• Process of globalization: Social and economic implications
• Identity politics: religion, tribe, caste, region, language
• Social movements: Dalit, tribal, women, farmers, labour, civil society groups: Non-party social formations, non-governmental organizations, social action groups
• Regionalization of Indian politics: Reorganization of Indian states, states as political and economic units, sub-state regions, regional disparities, demand for new states, gender and politics in India: Issues of equality and representation
• Ideology and social basis of political parties: National parties, state parties
• Electoral politics: Participation, contestation, representation, emerging trends

Political science: Unit 09

• Public administration: Meaning and evolution; public and private administration approaches: System theory, decision making, ecological approach, public administration theories and concepts: Scientific management theory, rational choice theory
• Public administration theories and concepts: New public administration, development administration, comparative public administration, new public management, changing nature of public administration in the era of liberalization and globalization
• Theories and principles of organization: Scientific management theory, bureaucratic theory, human relations theory, managing the organization: Theories of leadership and motivation
• Organizational communication: Theories and principles, Chester Barnard principles of communication, information management in the organization, managing conflict in the organization: Mary Parker Follett, management by objectives-Peter Drucker

Political science: Unit 10

• Governance, good governance and democratic governance, role of state, civil society, and individuals
• Accountability and control: Institutional mechanism for checks and balances, legislative control over executive, administrative, and budgetary control, control through parliamentary committees, judicial control over legislature and executive
• Accountability and control: Administrative culture, corruption and administrative reforms, institutional mechanisms for good governance: Right to information, consumer protection act, citizen charter; grievance redress system: Ombudsman, Lokpal, Lokayukta
• Grassroots governance: Panchayati Raj institutions and their functioning, planning, and development: Decentralized planning, planning for development, sustainable development, participatory development, e-governance; NITI aayog
• Public policy as an instrument of socioeconomic development: Public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, MNREGA, NHRM, RTE, monitoring and evaluation of public policy
• Mechanisms of making governance process accountable: Jansunwai, social audit

Psychology: Unit 01

• Psychological thought in some major eastern systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and integral yoga
• Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia
• Issues: The colonial encounter; post colonialism and psychology; lack of distinct disciplinary identity
• Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period
• Structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalytical, Gestalt, behaviorism, humanistic existential, transpersonal, cognitive revolution, multiculturalism
• Four founding paths of academic psychology-Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey
• Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental analytical paradigm (logical empiricism)
• Indic influences on modern psychology
• Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: ontology, epistemology, and methodology
• Paradigms of western psychology: Positivism, post-positivism, critical perspective, social constructionism, existential phenomenology, and cooperative enquiry
• Paradigmatic controversies
• Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga
• Science and spirituality (Avidya and Vidya)
• The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology

Psychology: Unit 02

• Research: Meaning, purpose, and dimensions. Research problems, variables, and operational definitions, hypothesis, sampling. Ethics in conducting and reporting research
• Paradigms of research: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods approach, methods of research: Observation, survey (interview, questionnaires), experimental, quasi-experimental, field studies
• Methods of research: Cross-cultural studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, focus groups, narratives, case studies, ethnography
• Statistics in psychology: Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Normal probability curve. Parametric (t-test) and non-parametric tests (sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman). Power analysis
• Statistics in psychology: Effect size
• Correlational analysis: Correlation (product moment, rank order), partial correlation, multiple correlation
• Special correlation methods: biserial, point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient
• Regression: simple linear regression, multiple regression
• Factor analysis: assumptions, methods, rotation and interpretation
• Experimental designs: ANOVA (one-way, factorial), randomized block designs, repeated measures design, Latin square, cohort studies, time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs

Psychology: Unit 03

• Types of tests, test construction: Item writing, item analysis, test standardization: Reliability, validity, and norms, areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, personality assessment, interest inventories
• Areas of testing: Attitude scales-semantic differential, staples, Likert scale
• Computer-based psychological testing, applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, organizational and business, education, counseling, military. Career guidance

Psychology: Unit 04

• Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors and processes, neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters
• The central and peripheral nervous systems: Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity
• Methods of physiological psychology: Invasive methods-anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non-invasive methods-EEG, scanning methods
• Muscular and glandular system: Types and functions, biological basis of motivation: Hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex
• Biological basis of emotion: The limbic system, hormonal regulation of behaviour
• Genetics and behaviour: Chromosomal anomalies; nature-nurture controversy (twin studies and adoption studies)

Psychology: Unit 05

• Attention: Forms of attention, models of attention, perception: Approaches to the study of perception-Gestalt and physiological approaches, perceptual organization: Gestalt, figure, and ground, law of organization
• Perceptual constancy: Size, shape, and color; illusions, perception of form, depth, and movement, role of motivation and learning in perception
• Signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications, subliminal perception and related factors, information processing approach to perception, culture, and perception, perceptual styles, pattern recognition, ecological perspective on perception
• Learning process: Fundamental theories-Thorndike, Guthrie, hull, classical conditioning: Procedure, phenomena, and related issues, instrumental learning: Phenomena, paradigms, and theoretical issues; reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules
• Learning process: Reinforcement-behaviour modification and its applications, cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning. Verbal learning and discrimination learning, recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning
• Memory and forgetting: Memory processes-encoding, storage, retrieval, stages of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory (working memory), long-term memory (declarative-episodic and semantic; procedural)
• Theories of forgetting: interference, retrieval failure, decay, motivated forgetting

Psychology: Unit 06

• Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, gestalt, information processing, feature integration model, concept formation: Rules, types, and strategies; role of concepts in thinking types of reasoning, language and thought
• Problem solving: Type, strategies, and obstacles, decision-making: Types and models, metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation, intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg; Goleman; Das, Kar and Parrila
• Creativity: Torrance, Getzels, and Jackson, Guilford, Wallach and Kogan relationship between intelligence and creativity

Psychology: Unit 07

• Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural Approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian, Social learning, Trait and Type, Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential, Transpersonal psychology
• Other theories: Rotter's locus of control, Seligman's explanatory styles, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
• Basic motivational concepts: instincts, needs, drives, arousal, incentives, motivational cycle
• Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R cognitive, humanistic, exploratory behaviour and curiosity, Zuckerman’s sensation seeking, achievement, affiliation, and power motivational competence self-regulation flow
• Emotions: Physiological correlates, theories of emotions: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter, and Singer, Lazarus, Lindsley. Emotion regulation
• Conflicts: Sources and types, stress, and coping: Concept, models, type A, B, C, D behaviours
• Conflicts: Stress management strategies (biofeedback, music therapy, breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation, guided imagery, mindfulness meditation, yogasana, stress inoculation training)

Psychology: Unit 08

• Nature, scope, and history of social psychology, traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, cognitive dissonance, sociobiology, psychodynamic approaches, social cognition
• Social perception (communication, attributions); attitude and its change within cultural context; prosocial behaviour, group and social influence (social facilitation; social loafing)
• Social influence (conformity, peer pressure, persuasion, compliance, obedience, social power, reactance)
• Aggression
• Group dynamics, leadership style, and effectiveness
• Theories of intergroup relations (minimal group experiment and social identity theory, relative deprivation theory, realistic conflict theory, balance theories, equity theory, social exchange theory)
• Applied social psychology: Health, environment, and law; personal space, crowding, and territoriality

Psychology: Unit 09

• Developmental processes: Nature, principles, factors in development, stages of development. Successful aging
• Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, behavioristic, and cognitive, various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and moral
• Psychopathology: Concept, mental status examination, classification, causes, psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, person-centered, gestalt, existential, acceptance commitment therapy, behavior therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, play therapy, positive psychotherapy
• Psychotherapies: Transactional analysis, dialectic behaviour therapy, art therapy, performing art therapy, family therapy
• Applications of theories of motivation and learning in school factors in educational achievement, teacher effectiveness, guidance in schools: Needs, organizational set up and techniques, counselling: Process, skills, and techniques

Psychology: Unit 10

• Issues of Gender, Poverty, Disability, and Migration: Cultural bias and discrimination. Stigma, Marginalization, and Social Suffering; Child Abuse and Domestic violence
• Peace psychology: violence, non-violence, conflict resolution at macro level, role of media in conflict resolution
• Wellbeing and self-growth: Types of wellbeing (hedonic and eudemonic), character strengths, resilience and post-traumatic growth
• Health: Health promoting and health compromising behaviours, life style and chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease), psychoneuroimmunology (cancer, HIV/ AIDS)
• Psychology and technology interface: Digital learning; Digital etiquette: Cyber bullying; Cyber pornography: Consumption, implications; Parental mediation of Digital Usage

Public administration: Unit 01

• Public administration-meaning, nature, scope and significance; evolution and present status of the discipline; politics administration dichotomy; globalization and public administration; paradigm shift from government to governance
• Principles of Organization: Division of work; Hierarchy; Coordination; Unity of Command; Span of Control; Authority, Power and Responsibility; Delegation, Centralization and Decentralization; Line, Staff and Auxiliary Agencies
• Principles of organization: Leadership and supervision; decision-making and communication
• Meaning, nature, and scope of personnel administration: Classification, recruitment, training, promotion, compensation and service conditions, discipline, civil service neutrality, anonymity and commitment, professional associations, and unionism

Public administration: Unit 02

• Approaches to the study of public administration: Oriental-Kautilya; classical-F.W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber, Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick; human relations-Elton Mayo, Mary Parker Follett; behaviouralism-Chester Barnard, Herbert Simon
• Motivation-Abraham Maslow, Fredrick Herzberg, Douglas McGregor; organizational humanism-Chris Argyris, Rensis Likert; writers on administration: Dwight Waldo, Ferrel Heady, Robert Golembiewski and Peter Drucker; Minnobrook Perspective
• Writers on administration: New public service and post modernism

Public administration: Unit 03

• Evolution-ancient, Mughal and British periods; constitutional framework: Parliamentary and federal features
• Union government: President; prime minister and council of ministers; cabinet committees; central secretariat; cabinet secretariat; and prime minister office
• Election commission and electoral reforms, Union State Relations
• Accountability: Legislative; Executive; and Judicial
• Citizen grievance redressal mechanism: Lok Pal; Lok Ayukta; central vigilance commission, and regulatory authorities
• Issue areas: Politician and civil Servant relations, generalists and specialists debate and combating corruption
• Civil Services: Classification-all India services, central services, and state services; recruitment agencies-union public service commission
• Civil Services: State public service commissions and other commissions and boards: capacity building of civil servants and civil service reforms
• Planning: Planning commission, national development council, NITI aayog, state planning commissions/ boards and planning departments
• Judiciary: Indian constitution and independence of judiciary-supreme court; high courts; judicial review and public interest litigation and judicial reforms. Police administration and reforms. E-Governance initiatives in Indian administration

Public administration: Unit 04

• Constitutional framework of state administration-state legislature; governor-role and functions; chief minister-powers and functions; council of ministers; role and functions of chief secretary; state secretariat; directorates and commissionerate
• District administration-concept and evolution, district collector-power, functions and changing role; autonomous district councils-structure, powers and functions, district rural development agency; evolution of local governance in India
• Local governance: 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment acts-state election commission; state finance commission; district planning committee; rural governance-gram sabha, gram panchayats, panchayat samitis, and Zila parishads, finance in PRIs
• Local governance: Personnel administration at local level; policies and programmes of rural development-MGNAREGA
• Growth of urbanization, urban governance-structure, composition, functions of municipal corporations, municipal councils, nagar panchayats and metropolitan governance-sources of finance; personnel administration
• Reforms in urban governance-solid waste management, smart and AMRUT cities

Public administration: Unit 05

• Comparative public administration: Concept, nature, scope, and significance of comparative public administration; public administration and its environment
• Approaches and methods to the study of comparative administration: Institutional, behavioural, structural-functional, ecological, and systems approaches
• Fred Riggs’s typology of societies and features; problems of comparative research; comparative studies-influence of globalization; salient features of the administrative systems of UK, USA, France, and Japan
• Development administration: Development and its dimensions. Development and modernization; approaches to development-sustainable development and antidevelopment; sustainable development goals (SDGs)
• Development administration: Concept, nature, scope, objectives, features, and significance; ecology of development administration, contribution of Fred Riggs, Dwight Waldo, and Edward Widener; role of bureaucracy in development
• Development administration: Globalization and development administration; emergence of non-state actors in development administration; public-private partnerships; corporate social responsibility, human development indicators, and social audit

Public administration: Unit 06

• Economic policies-mixed economy to liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG); new economic policy (NEP); industrial policy since independence; government in business-public enterprises concept, growth, and forms of public enterprises
• Management, problem of accountability, and autonomy; disinvestment policies
• Financial administration: Public finance-revenue and expenditure: Nature, scope, and significance of financial administration; budget-meaning, purpose, and significance; budgetary process-preparation, enactment and execution
• Financial administration: Types of budget-PPBS, performance budget, zero-based budget, and gender budget; fiscal responsibility and budget management act (FRBMA) and sunset legislation
• Fiscal federalism-union-state financial relations, finance commission
• Financial control-legislature and executive; parliamentary committees and comptroller and auditor general of India
• Taxation policies-principles of taxation-progressive and proportional taxation-reforms in taxation policies

Public administration: Unit 07

• Concept of social welfare, social justice and social change; concept of equity and inclusiveness in social justice; concept of affirmative action-reservations; institutional arrangement for social welfare and social justice administration
• NGOs, civil societies and voluntary agencies; policies, programmes and institutional framework for the protection and welfare of SCs/ STs/ OBCs/ women/ children, aged, differently-abled (divyang) and minorities commissions-women, SC/ ST
• Minority-role and functions
• Disaster management-nature and types of disaster; institutional arrangements for disaster management; role of state and non-state actors

Public administration: Unit 08

• Nature, scope, and Importance of public policy; evolution of public policy and policy sciences; public policy and public administration
• Approaches to public policy-process approach, logical positivism, phenomenological approach, participatory, and normative approaches
• Theories and models of policy making-Harold Lasswell, Charles Lindblom, Yehezkel Dror
• Institutions of policy making-legislature, executive, and judiciary
• Types of policy analysis-empirical, normative, retrospective and prospective, prescriptive and descriptive
• Policy implementation, outcomes, and evaluation
• Constraints on public policy-socioeconomic, political, institutional, and cultural
• Role of media, public opinion, civil society, and pressure groups on policy making

Public administration: Unit 09

• Ancient discourse-Kautilya, Plato, and Aristotle on good governance; elements and forms of good governance; theories and concepts of governance-world bank and UNDP; state, market and civil society, public choice theory, new public management
• Public value theory, governance as theory, governance, and public governance
• Networking and collaborative governance, business process re-engineering, ICT and governance, e-government and e-governance, e-readiness and digital divide
• Accountability, openness, and transparency; gender and governance
• Citizen and governance: Civil society-role and limitations, citizen participation, right to information-RTI act and administrative reforms, national information commission, citizen charter-concept, objectives, and significance
• Ethics and public accountability in governance: rule of law and administrative law, delegated legislation and administrative adjudication
• Ethical foundations of governance: Constitutional values, family, society, and education

Public administration: Unit 10

• Social science research-meaning and significance; distinction between methodology and method; facts and values in research; role of research in theory-building; scientific method; objectivity in social research; types of research
• Identification of research problem; hypotheses and null hypotheses; validation of hypothesis; research design; methods of data collection-primary and secondary sources-(observation; questionnaire and interview, use of library, and internet)
• Sampling and sampling techniques; scales of measurement; analysis of data and use of computers in social science research-SPSS; citation patterns and ethics of research; bibliography; report writing

Sanskrit: Unit 01

• General introduction of Vedic literature: Main theories regarding the Vedās-Maxmüller; A. Weber; Jacobi; Balgangadhar Tilak; M. Winternitz; Indian traditional views. Saṁhitā literature, dialogue hymns: Pururavā-Urvaśī; Yama-Yamī; Saramā-Paṇi
• General introduction of Vedic literature: Viśvāmitra-Nadī, Brāhamaṇa-literature, Araṇyaka literature, Vedāṅgas: Sikșā; Kalpa; Vyākaraṇa; Nirukta; Chandas; Jyotișa

Sanskrit: Unit 02

• Study of the following hymns: Ŗgveda-Agni (1.1); Varuṇa (1.25); Sūrya (1.125); Indra (2.12); Uṣas (3.61); Parjanya (5.83); Kitava (10.34); Jñāna (10.71); Puruṣa (10.90); Hiraṇyagarbha (10.121); Vāk (10.125); Nāsadīya (10.129)
• Study of the following hymns: Śuklayajurveda-Sivasaṁkalpa, chapter-34 (1-6), Prajāpati-chapter-23 (1-5), Atharvaveda: Rāṣṭrābhivardhanam (1.29); Kāla (10.53); Prithivī (12.1)
• Brāhmaṇa literature: Subject-matter; Vidhi and its types; Agnihotra; Agniṣṭoma; Darśapūrṇamāsa; Yajña; Pañcamahāyajña; Akhyāna (Sunahśepa, Vāṅmanas)
• Upaniṣad literature: Subject-matter and main concepts with special reference to the following Upaniṣads; Iśa; Kaṭha; Kena; Bṛhadārṇyaka; Taittirīya; Svetāśvatara
• Vedic grammar; Nirukta and Vedic interpretation
• Ṛkprātiśākhya: Definitions of Samānākṣara; Sandhyakṣara; Aghoṣa; Soṣman; Svarabhakti; Yama; Rakta; Saṁyoga; Pragṛhya; Riphita
• Nirukta (chapters-I and 2)
• Four-fold division of padas-concept of Nāma; concept of Akhyāta; meaning of Upasargas; categories of Nipātas
• Purposes of the study of Nirukta
• Principles of etymology
• Etymology of the following words: Āchārya; Vīra; Hrada; Go; Samudra; Vṛtra; Aditya; Uṣas; Megha; Vāk; Udak; Nadī; Aśva; Agni; Jātavedas; Vaiśvānara; Nighaṇtu, Nirukta; Daivatakāṇḍa), Vedic accent-Udātta, Anudātta, and Svarita

Sanskrit: Unit 03

• General introduction of major schools of Darśana with special reference to the following: Pramāṇamīmānsā; Tattvamīmānsā; Acāramīmānsā (Cārvāka, Jaina, Bauddha) Nyāya, Sāṁkhya, Yoga, Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Mīmānsā

Sanskrit: Unit 04

• Īśvarakṛṣna: Sāṁkhyakārikā-Satkāryavāda, Puruṣasvarūpa, Prakṛtisvarūpa, Sṛștikrama, Pratyaysarga, Kaivalya
• Sadānanda: Vedāntasāra-Anubandha-Catuṣṭaya, Ajñāna, Adhyāropa-Apavāda, Lingaśarīrotpatti, Pañcīkaraṇa, Vivarta, Jīvanmukti, Annambhaṭṭa, Tarkasaṁgraha/ Keśavamiśra; Tarkabhāṣā: Padārtha; Kāraṇa; Pramāṇa; (Pratyakṣa; Anumāna; Upamāna; Sabda)
• Sadānanda: Prāmāṇyavāda, Prameya
• Laugākṣibhāskara; Arthasaṁgraha
• Patañjali; Yogasūtra-(Vyāsabhāṣya): Cittabhūmi, Cittavṛttis; concept of Iśvara; Yogāṅgas; Samādhi; Kaivalya, Bādarāyaṇa; Brahmasūtra 1.1 (Sānkarabhāṣya), Viśvanāthapañcānana; Nyāyasidhāntamuktāvalī (Anumāna Khaṇḍa), Sarvadarśana-Saṁgraha; Jainism
• Buddhism

Sanskrit: Unit 05

• General introduction of the following grammarians: Pāṇini, Kātyāyana, Patañjali, Bhartṛhari, Vāmanajayāditya, Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita, Nageśabhaṭṭa, Kaiyyaṭa, Jainendra, Sākaṭāyana, Hemacandrasūri, Sārasvatavyākaraṇakāra, Pāṇinīya Sikṣā
• General introduction of the following grammarians: Linguistics-definition of language, geneological and morphological classification of languages, speech mechanism and classification of sounds: Stops, fricatives
• General introduction of the following grammarians: Semi-vowels and vowels (with special reference to Sanskrit sounds). Phonetic laws (Grimm, Grassman, Verner). Directions of semantic change and reasons of change. Definition of Vākya and its types
• General introduction of the following grammarians: General introduction of indo-european family of languages, difference between Vedic sanskrit and classical sanskrit, difference between Bhāșā and Vāk, difference between language and dialect

Sanskrit: Unit 06

• Definition: Saṁhitā, Saṁyoga Guṇa, Vṛddhi, Prātipadika, Nadī, Ghi, Upadhā, Apṛkta, Gati, Pada, Vibhāṣā, Savarṇa, Ti, Pragṛhya, Sarvanāmasthāna, Bha, Sarvanāma, Niṣthā
• Sandhi: AC Sandhi, Hal Sandhi, Visarga Sandh (according to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī), Subanta-Ajanta-Rāma, Sarva (in all genders), Viśvapā, Hari, Tri (in all genders), Sakhi, Sudhī, Guru, Pitṛ, Gau, Ramā, Mati, Nadī, Dhenu, Mātṛ, Jñāna, Vāri, Madhu
• Halanta: Lih, Viśvavāh, Catur (in all genders), Idam, Kim, Tad (in all genders), Rājan, Maghavan, Pathin, Vidvas, Asmad, Yuṣmad
• Samāsa: Avyayībhāva, Tatpuruṣa, Bahuvrīhi, Dvandva (according to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī), Taddhita-Apatyārthaka and Matvarthīya (according to Siddāntakaumudī ), Tiṅanta-Bhū, Edh, Ad, Us, Hu, Div, Suñ, Tud, Tan, Kṛ, Rudh, Krīñ, Cur
• Prayayānta: Nijant, Sannanta, Yańanta, Yańluganta, Nāmdhātu
• Kṛdanta: Tavya/ Tavyat , Anīyar, Yat, Nyat, Lyap, Satṛ, Sānac, Ktvā, Kta, Ktavatu, Tumun, Namul
• Strīpratyaya: According to Laghusiddhāntakaumudī
• Kāraka Prakarana: According to Siddāntakaumudī
• Parasmaipada and Atmanepada Vidhāna: According to Siddāntakaumudī
• Mahābhāșya (Paspaśāhnika): Definition of Sabda, relation between Sabda and Artha, purposes of the study of grammar, definition of Vyākaraṇa, result of the proper use of word, method of grammar
• Vākyapadīyam (Brahmakāṇḍa): Nature of Sphoṭa, nature of Sabda-Brahma, powers of Sabda-Brahma, relation between Sphoṭa and Dhvani, relation between Sabda and Artha, types of Dhvani, levels of language

Sanskrit: Unit 07

• General introduction of following: Bhāsa, Aśvaghośa, Kālidāsa, Sūdraka, Viśākhadatta, Bhāravi, Māgha, Harṣa, Bāṇabhaṭṭa, Daṇḍin, Bhavabhūti, Bhaṭṭanārāyaṇa, Bhilhaṇa, Shrῑharṣa, Ambikādatta Vyāsa, Panditā Kṣamārao, V. Raghavan, Shri Dhar Bhaskar Varnekar
• General introduction of following: Schools of sanskrit poetics-Rasa, Alaṅkāra, Rīti, Dhwani, Vakrokti, Aucitya, western poetics-Aristotle, Longinus, Croche

Sanskrit: Unit 08

• Poetry: Buddhacaritam (First Canto), Raghuvaṁśam (First Canto), Kirātārjunīyam (First Canto), Śiśupālavadham (First Canto), Naiṣadhīyacaritam (First Canto)
• Drama: Svapnavāsavadattām, Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Mṛcchakaṭikam, Uttararāmacaritam, Mudrārākṣasam, Uttararāmacaritam, Ratnāvalī
• Prose: Daśakumāracaritam (viii Ucchvāsa), Harṣacaritam (V Ucchvāsa), Kādambarī (Sukanāsopadeśa)
• Campū Kāvya-Nala Campū (I Ucchvāsa)
• Sāhityadarpaṇaḥ: Definition of Kāvya, refutation of other definitions of Kāvya, Sabdaśakti-Saṅketagraha; Abhidhā; Lakṣanā; Vyanjanā, Kāvyabheda (chapter fourth), Sravyakāvya (prose poetry and mix
• Kāvyaprakaśa-Kāvyalakṣhṇa, Kāvyaprayojana, Kāvyahetu, Kāvyabheda, Sabdaśakti, Abhihitānvayavāda, Anvitābhidhānvayavāda, concept of Rasa, discussion of Rasasūtra, Rasadoṣa, Kāvyaguṇa, Vyanjanāvriti (fifth chapter)
• Alaṁkāras-Vakrokti; Anuprāsa, Yamaka, Sleṣa, Upamā, Rūpaka, Utprekṣā, Samāsokti, Apahnuti, Nidarśanā, Arthāntaranyāsa, Dṛṣṭānta, Vibhāvanā, Viśeṣokti, Svabhāvokti, Virodhābhāsa, Saṅkara, Sansṛṣṭi
• Dhvanyāloka (I Udyota), Vakroktijīvitam (I Unmeṣa), Bharata-nāṭyaśāstram (first and sixth chapter), Daśarūpakam (first and third Prakāśa)
• Chanda-Aryā, Anuṣṭup, Indravajrā, Upendravajrā, Vasantatilakā, Upajāti, Vaṁśastha, Drutavilambita, Sālinī, Mālinī, Sikharṇī, Mandākrāntā, Hariṇī, Sārdūlavikrῑḍita, Sragdharā
• Kauṭilīya Arthaśātra (first-Vinayadikarika), Manusmṛti (I, II and VII Adhyāyas), Yājñavalkyasmṛti (Vyavahārādhyaya only)
• Paleography and inscriptions-Brahmi script of Mauryan and Gupta periods, inscription of Ashoka-major rock edicts, major pillar edicts, post-Mauryan inscriptions-Sāranātha Buddhist image inscription of Kaniṣka’s regal-year, 3
• Paleography and inscriptions-Girnār rock inscription of Rudradāman, Hāthīgumphā inscription of Khāravela, Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions-Allahabad pillar inscriptions of Samudragupta, Mandasor pillar inscription of Yasodharman
• Banāskherā copper plate inscription of Harṣa, paleography and inscriptions-Aihole stone inscription of Pulakeśīn II

Sanskrit: Unit 09

• General introduction of the followings: Rāmāyaṇa-subject matter, age, society in the Rāmāyaṇa, Rāmāyaṇa as a source of later sanskrit works and literal value of the Rāmāyaṇa, legends in the Rāmāyaṇa
• General introduction of the followings: Mahābhārata-subject matter, age, society in the Mahābhārata, Mahābhārata as a source of later sanskrit works and literal value of the Mahābhārata, legends in the Mahābhārata
• General introduction of the followings: Purāṇa-definition of Purāṇa, Maha Purāṇa and Upa Purāṇas, Purāṇic Cosmology and Purāṇic legends, general introduction of main Smṛitis
• General introduction Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra
• General introduction of the followings: Paleography-history of the decipherment of Brāhmī script, theories of the origin of Brāhmī script, inscriptions-general introduction

Sociology: Unit 01

• Classical sociological traditions: Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx
• Structure-functionalism and structuralism: Bronisław Malinowski, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, Claude Lévi-Strauss
• Hermeneutic and interpretative traditions: G.H. Mead, Karl Manheim, Alfred Schutz, Harold Garfinkel, Erving Goffman, Clifford Geertz
• Post modernism, post structuralism, and post colonialism: Edward Said, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, Manuel Castells
• Indian thinkers: M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Radha Kamal Mukherjee, G.S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas, Irawati Karve

Sociology: Unit 02

• Conceptualizing social reality: Philosophy of science, scientific method, and epistemology in social science, hermeneutic traditions, objectivity and reflexivity in social science, ethics, and politics
• Formulating research design: Reading social science research, data and documents, induction and deduction, fact, concept, and theory, hypotheses, research questions, objectives
• Quantitative and qualitative methods: Ethnography, survey method, historical method, comparative method
• Techniques: Sampling, questionnaire, and schedule, statistical analysis, observation, interview and case study, interpretation, data analysis and report writing

Sociology: Unit 03

• Sociological concepts: Social structure, culture, network, status and role, identity, community, diaspora, values, norms and rules, personhood, habitus and agency, bureaucracy, power and authority
• Social institutions: Marriage, family, and kinship, economy, polity, religion, education, law and customs
• Social stratification: Social difference, hierarchy, inequality and marginalization, caste and class, gender, sexuality and disability, race, tribe, and ethnicity
• Social change and processes: Evolution and diffusion, modernization and development, social transformations and globalization, social mobility

Sociology: Unit 04

• Rural and peasant society: Caste-tribe settlements, agrarian social structure and emergent class relations, land ownership and agrarian relations, decline of agrarian economy, depeasantization and migration, agrarian unrest and peasant movements
• Rural and peasant society: Changing inter-community relations and violence
• Urban society: Urbanism, urbanity, and urbanization, towns, cities and mega-cities, industry, service, and business, neighbourhood, slums and ethnic enclaves, middle class and gated communities, urban movements and violence

Sociology: Unit 05

• Political processes in India: Tribe, nation state, and border, bureaucracy, governance, and development, public policy: Health, education and livelihoods, political culture, grass-root democracy, law and society, gender, and development, corruption
• Political processes in India: Role of international development organizations
• Social movements and protests: Political factions, pressure groups, movements based on caste, ethnicity, ideology, gender, disability, religion and region, civil society and citizenship, NGOs, activism and leadership, reservations, and politics

Sociology: Unit 06

• Exchange, gift, capital, labour, and market, mode of production debates, property and property relations, state and market: Welfarism and neoliberalism, models of economic development, poverty and exclusion, factory and industry systems
• Changing nature of labour relations, gender and labour process, business and family, digital economy, e-commerce, global business and corporates, tourism, consumption

Sociology: Unit 07

• Social and cultural ecology: Diverse forms, technological change, agriculture, and biodiversity, indigenous knowledge systems and ethnomedicine, gender and environment, forest policies, adivasis, and exclusion, ecological degradation and migration
• Development, displacement, and rehabilitation, water and social exclusion, disasters and community responses, environmental pollution, public health, and disability, climate change and international policies, environmental movements

Sociology: Unit 08

• Theoretical approaches: Structure-functionalist, alliance, and cultural, gender relations and power dynamics, inheritance, succession, and authority, gender, sexuality, and reproduction, children, youth, and elderly, emotions and family
• Emergent forms of family, changing marriage practices, changing care and support systems, family laws, domestic violence and crime against women, honor killing

Sociology: Unit 09

• History of Technological Development, Changing notions of Time and Space, Flows and Boundaries, Virtual Community, Media: Print and Electronic, Visual and Social Media, E-Governance and Surveillance Society, Technology and Emerging Political Processes
• State policy, digital divide, and inclusion, technology and changing family relations, technology and changing health systems, food and technology, cyber crime

Sociology: Unit 10

• Signs and symbols, rituals, beliefs, and practices, changing material culture, moral economy, education: Formal and informal, religious organizations, piety, and spirituality, commodification of rituals, communalism and secularism
• Cultural identity and mobilization, culture and politics, gender, body, and culture, art and aesthetics, ethics and morality, sports and culture, pilgrimage and religious tourism, religion and economy, culture and environment, new religious movements

Tourism administration and management: Unit 01

• Definitions and differences, early and medieval period of travel, renaissance and its effects on tourism, birth of mass tourism, old and new age tourism, forms of tourism-inbound, outbound, national, international
• Nature, scope, and characteristics of tourism
• Need for measurement of tourism, interdisciplinary approaches, different tourism systems-Leiper’s geospatial model, Mill-Morrison, Mathieson and wall, Butler’s tourism area life cycle (TALC)
• Doxey’s irridex index-demonstration effect-Crompton’s push and pull theory, Stanley Plog’s model, Gunn’s model
• Meaning and nature of tourism industry, input and output of tourism industry, tourism industry network-direct, indirect and support services, basic components of tourism- transport, accommodation, facilities and amenities
• Horizontal and vertical integration in tourism business, tourism business during liberalization and globalizations, tourism impacts: Economic social, cultural, and environmental; positive and negative impacts of tourism
• Factors affecting the future of tourism business; seasonality and tourism, sociology of tourism, travel motivators
• Role and functions of important tourism organizations in development and promotion of tourism-UNWTO, IATA, ICAO, UFTAA, ASTA, PATA, WTTC, IHA, TAAI, IATO, FHRAI, ITDC, ICPB, state tourism development corporations, airport authority of India
• Archeological survey of India, ministry of tourism, culture, railways, civil aviation of government of India

Tourism administration and management: Unit 02

• Latitude, longitude; areas, sub areas and sub regions as per international air transport organization (IATA), IATA three letter city code, two letter airlines and airport code, international date line, time zones, Greenwich mean time
• Calculation of local time, flying time, grounding time, elapsed time, daylight saving time
• World geography-climate and vegetation of north, south and central America-Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australasia, elements of weather and climate, impact of weather and climate on tourist destinations, climate and vegetation of India
• Physical geography of India-distribution of rivers, mountains, plateaus and plain area, coastal area, Deccan, major lakes, deserts
• Tourists movement-demand and origin factors; destinations and resource factors; contemporary trends in international tourists movements, environment act-environment rules-environmental impact assessment (EIA), environmental information system (EIS)
• Environmental management system (EMS) and carrying capacity, forest act-forest conservation act-wild life protection act

Tourism administration and management: Unit 03

• Seasonality and diversities, tourist attraction-concept and classification, heritage-indigenous; colonial, handicrafts of India; fairs and festivals of social and religious importance, forms and types of performing art, classical dances
• Folk dances of different regions and folk culture, Indian music-different schools, status of Indian vocal and instrumental music, Indian music abroad, Indian museums, art galleries, libraries and their location, Indian cuisine-regional variations
• Historical monuments of India-ancient temples, caves, stupas, monasteries, forts, palaces, Islamic and colonial art and architecture, Indian rituals, dresses
• World heritage sites of India, major religious centers of India-holy places connected with Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islamism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and other religious sects
• Places associated with the work and life of legendry figures-Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Subash Chandra Bose and Sardar Vallabhai Patel
• Important paces related to India’s freedom struggle
• Major national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves of India and their locations-accessibility, facilities, amenities, uniqueness of Dachigam, Corbett, Ranthambore, Hazaribag, Similipal, Bhitarkanika, Kanha, Bandhavagarh, Mudumalli, Periyar
• Gir, Sunderbans, Manas, Valley of flowers, Hill Stations-locations, accessibility, facilities, amenities, uniqueness of Gulmarg, Kullu and Manali, Shimla, Mussorie, Nainital, Panchmarahi, Mahabaleswar, Chikmangulaur, Coorg, Munnar, Ooty, Kodiakanal
• Uniqueness of Arakku, Darjeeling, Gangtok, Shillong, etc, tourist potential of Himalayas
• Beach resorts of India-locations, accessibility, facilities, amenities, uniqueness of important beaches of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Emerging attractions for medical tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism, agri tourism, farm tourism, green tourism, wilderness tourism, film tourism, mice tourism, countryside tourism, caravan tourism, adventure tourism, golf tourism, light house tourism
• Fort tourism, Buddhist tourism, Sufi tourism, special interest tourism, textile tourism, aqua based tourism, wellness and spa tourism, culinary tourism, shopping tourism, indigenous tourism, industrial and mining tourism

Tourism administration and management: Unit 04

• Evolution and importance of transportation systems; role of transportation in tourism; major transport systems-rail, road, air, and water transport; road transport network in North America, South America, Europe, South Africa
• Asia and the Middle-East, Austria, and New Zealand, major railway transport network in the world, modes of transportations in India-past and present
• Licensing of air carriers; limitations of weights and capacities; scheduled and non-scheduled airlines services; no-frill airlines; open sky policy; international conventions; functions of f IATA, ICAO, DGCA, AAI; GDS in air transportation
• Types of air journey, MPM, TPM, extra mileage allowance, one-way, return trip and circle tri journey, higher intermediate fare check point, add-on and open jaw fare, excursion fare, components in international air tickets, airline business in the world
• Major air carriers and major low-cost airlines, domestic air transport business, distribution of sales of airlines tickets, baggage and travel documents, air charter services
• Miscellaneous charges order (MCO)-multiple purpose document (MPD)-billing and settlement plan
• Surface transport system-approved tourist transport, car hire companies including car rental scheme and tourist-coach companies, documents connected with road transport viz. regional transport authority, transport and insurance documents, road taxies
• Fitness certificate, contact carriage, state carriage, all India permits, maxi car, motor car etc
• Railway system of world, British rail, euro rail, Amtrak, orient express, trans-Siberian railway and luxury train of the world
• Indian railways-types of tours available in Indian rail, indrail pass, special schemes and packages available, palace on wheels, royal orient, fairy queen and toy trains
• Planning itineraries on Indian railways, reservation and cancellation procedures, water transport system-historical past, cruise ships, ferries, hovercraft, river canal boats
• Prospects and future growth of water transport in India
• Major cruise lines of the world and their packages

Tourism administration and management: Unit 05

• Significance of travel agency business, types of travel agent-full service agency, commercial agency, implant agency, group/ incentive agency, skills and competencies for running travel agency business, wholesale and retail agents
• Future of travel wholesaling and retailing
• Types of tour operator-inbound, outbound, domestic, ground, and specialized, types of tour-independent tour, escorted tour, hosted tour, incentivized tour, tour wholesalers and retailers, diversified role of tour operators
• Distribution networks of tour operation business, special services for charter tour operators, meeting and incentive planners and activities of meeting planners, convention and conference tourism business, trade fairs and exhibitions
• Essential requirements for starting travel agency and tour operation business, procedures for obtaining recognition, travel agency organization structure, sources of revenue, use of information technology in travel agency business
• Types of itinerary-resources and steps for itinerary planning, tour costing: Tariffs, FIT and GIT, confirmation of tour, creation of docket/ file, issue of tour vouchers, reconfirmation with airlines, hotel and ground service providers
• Tour costing: Distributing customized itinerary to tour leader, guide, driver and transporter, standard procedures for pickup and drop, preparation of feedback or guest comment sheet, analysis of comments of guest, tour guides and escorts, wata guidelines
• Relation with service suppliers; travel agency appointments; international regulations
• Familiarization with TIM (travel information manual), passport and visa-meaning, types, procedures, validity, necessary information to fill the passport and visa form for issuance, health certificates, currency, travel insurance, credit and debit card
• Customs, currency, baggage and airport information, citizenship, passport, visa, FEMA, foreigners registration act, customs, RBI guidelines, criminal law, registration of cases, cargo handling, baggage allowance, free access baggage
• Weigh and piece concept, accountability of lost baggage, dangerous goods, cargo rates ad valuation charges automation and airport procedures, tour brochures-element and importance of brochure

Tourism administration and management: Unit 06

• Inflexibility, intangibility, perishability, fixed location, relatively large financial investment etc; concepts of Atithi Devo Bhavah; hotel and the other lodging facilities; types of hotels and hotel departments; classification of hotels
• Chain operations; e-hospitality
• Types of accommodation; activities in accommodation management-front office, housekeeping, bar and restaurant, supporting services; fiscal and non-fiscal incentives offered to hotel industry in India, ethical and regulatory aspects in a hotel
• International hotel regulations
• Duties and responsibilities of front office staff; reservation and registration-types of room, types of bedding, meal plans, room assignments, check-in, methods of payment, type of hotel guests
• Factors affecting the price of accommodation, important functions of housekeeping management, liaison with other departments, room supplies, bed making and related types of service; housekeeping department-hierarchy
• Duties and responsibilities of housekeeping staff
• Food production organization, kitchen, buffets, beverages operation, functions, outlets of F and B, types of meal plans, types of restaurant-menu, room service, catering services-food service for the airlines, banquette, corporate, MICE
• Retail food market, business/ industrial food service, healthcare food service, club food services-trends in lodging and food services
• Food and beverage department of a hotel: Hierarchy, duties, and responsibilities of staff

Tourism administration and management: Unit 07

• Characteristics of service; salient features of marketing services: Services marketing-concept, need and significance, types of tourism services, tourism marketing environment, strategic planning and marketing process
• Organizing and implementing marketing in the tourism organization
• Service quality, gap model of service quality
• Marketing research
• Market segmentation-targeting and positioning for competitive advantage; relationship marketing; familiarization trip
• P’s of tourism marketing-product, place, price, promotion, physical evidence, people, process and packaging, designing tourism product-branding and packaging, product development-product life cycle and its various stages, pricing strategies and approaches
• Advertising-sales promotion-publicity-personal selling, tourism distribution channels, cooperation and conflict management
• Global marketing, direct marketing, social media and digital marketing, green marketing, corporate social responsibility, marketing ethics, and consumerism
• Destination image development-attributes of destinations, destination resource analysis, measurement of destination image-destination branding perspectives and challenges, creating the unique destination proposition, place branding and destination image
• Destination image formation process; unstructured image-product development and packaging-institutional support and public private partnership in destination marketing

Tourism administration and management: Unit 08

• Public and private sectors in formulation of tourism policy; roles of international, national, state and local tourism organizations in carrying out tourism policies
• Tourism planning for thrust areas, special tourism areas and zones identified by ministry of tourism, government of India
• Sustainable tourism development, pro-poor tourism and community participation; responsible tourism
• Tourism policy-factors influencing tourism policy; national tourism policy, levels of tourism planning-international, national, regional, state and local, the traditional, approach and paslop method of tourism planning
• Important feature of five year tourism plans in India; elements agents, processes and typologies of tourism development; state tourism policies
• National planning policies for destination development-WTO guidelines for planners-role of urban civic bodies: Town planning-characteristics of rural tourism planning
• Economic system and its impact on tourism development, macro and micro economic system, demand and supply, determinants, measurement of tourism demand, forecasting, methods of demand forecasting, inflation, recession, savings and investment
• Export and import, multiplier effects and its types, displacement effect, costs and benefits of tourism, monetary policy-repo rate, reverse repo rate, cash reserve ratio(CRR)

Tourism administration and management: Unit 09

• Measures of central tendency-mean, median, mode; measures of dispersion-range, standard deviation, variance, etc.; skewness and kurtosis; correlation and regression-scatter plots, lines of best fit, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients
• Regression-bivariate and multivariate
• Distributions-discrete and continuous; normal distribution, sampling distribution
• Hypothesis testing-parametric vs. non-parametric tests, t-tests, anova, chi-square tests, run test, sign tests, Wald-Walfowitz test, Kursal Walis test, Komogrov-Smirnov test
• Research and theory, types and methods of research; review of literature; variables and measurement, concepts, constructs and formulation of hypothesis; sampling, methods of data collection, development of schedules and questionnaires
• Scales and fieldwork
• Qualitative research: Quantitative vs. qualitative research; techniques-grounded theory, ethnography, case method of research, content analysis, phenomenology, narrative research, mixed methods
• Analysis, tools-factor analysis, discriminant analysis, conjoint analysis, multiple regression, etc
• Report writing, types of report

Tourism administration and management: Unit 10

• Functions, skills, and roles in organization, systems, contingency and operational approaches to management
• External and internal environment affecting managerial decisions-social responsibilities of business-evolution of management thought; functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
• Understanding and managing individual and group behaviour-personality, perception, learning, values, and attitudes, persuasion, theories of motivation, factors affecting group behaviour, group and individual dimensions, understanding work team
• Communication, leadership and influence process, organization structure, centralization vs. decentralization, strategy and structure, flat and tall structures, work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control and formalization
• Common organizational designs-simple, bureaucratic, matrix, virtual, boundary less, feminine-organization as an open system and influence of environment over organizational dynamics with reference to technological innovations
• Basic accounting records and books of accounts, double entry system, journal, ledger, trial balance, cash book, depreciation accounting, final accounts with adjustments
• Hotel accounting, financial management, concept of raising funds, capital structure, capital budgeting, internal financial control-meaning, problems unique to hospitality industry, establishing cost standard, types of budget
• Preparation of budget, and zero based budgeting, working capital management, cash management, opportunities and challenges for investments in hotel, aviation and tourism related sectors, role of TFCI and other financial organizations
• Elements of contract act-breach of contact-performance of contract-indemnity and guarantee-bailment-consumer protection act

Education: Unit 01

• Contribution of Indian Schools of philosophy (Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism) with special reference to Vidya, Dayanand Darshan; and Islamic traditions towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge
• Contribution of Western schools of thoughts (Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism, Existentialism) and their contribution to education with special reference to information, knowledge and wisdom
• Approaches to sociology of education (symbolic interaction, structural functionalism, and conflict theory)
• Concept and types of social Institutions and their functions (family, school, and society), concept of social movements, theories of social movements (relative deprivation, resource mobilization, political process theory, and new social movement theory)
• Socialization and education-education and culture; contribution of thinkers (Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo, J. Krishnamurthi, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule)
• To the development of educational thought for social change, national values as enshrined in the Indian constitution-socialism, secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom with special reference to education

Education: Unit 02

• Committees and commissions contribution to teacher education secondary education commission (1953), Kothari education commission (1964-66), national policy of education (1986, 1992), national commission on teachers (1999)
• National curriculum framework 2005, national knowledge commission (2007), Yashpal committee report (2009), national curriculum framework for teacher education (2009), justice Verma committee report (2012)
• Relationship between policies and education, linkage between educational policy and national development, determinants of educational policy and process of policy formulation: Analysis of the existing situation, generation of policy options
• Determinants of educational policy and process of policy formulation: Evaluation of policy options, making the policy decision, planning of policy implementation, policy impact assessment and subsequent policy cycles
• Concept of economics of education: Cost benefit analysis vs. cost effective analysis in education, economic returns to higher education signaling theory vs. human capital theory, concept of educational finance
• Concept of economics of education: Educational finance at micro and macro levels, concept of budgeting
• Relationship between politics and education, perspectives of politics of education liberal, conservative and critical, approaches to understanding politics (behaviouralism, theory of systems analysis and theory of rational choice)
• Education for Political Development and Political Socialization

Education: Unit 03

• Growth and development: Concept and principles, cognitive processes and stages of cognitive development, personality: Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), mental health and mental hygiene
• Approaches to intelligence from unitary to multiple: Concepts of social intelligence, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence theories of intelligence by Sternberg, Gardner, assessment of intelligence
• Approaches to intelligence from unitary to multiple: Concepts of problem solving, critical thinking, metacognition and creativity
• Principles and theories of learning: behaviouristic, cognitive and social theories of learning, factors affecting social learning, social competence, concept of social cognition, understanding social relationship and socialization goals
• Guidance and counselling: Nature, principles and need, types of guidance (educational, vocational, personal, health, and social and directive, non-directive, and eclectic), approaches to counselling-cognitive behavioural (Albert Ellis-REBT) and humanistic
• Guidance and counselling: Person-centred counselling (Carl Rogers)-theories of counselling (behaviouristic, rational, emotive, and reality)

Education: Unit 04

• Meaning, nature, and scope of teacher education; types of teacher education programs, the structure of teacher education curriculum and its vision in curriculum documents of NCERT and NCTE at elementary, secondary and higher secondary levels
• Organization of components of pre-service teacher education transactional approaches (for foundation courses) expository, collaborative and experiential learning
• Understanding knowledge base of teacher education from the view point of Schulman, Deng' and Luke and Habermas, meaning of reflective teaching and strategies for promoting reflective teaching, models of teacher education-behaviouristic
• Competency-based and inquiry oriented teacher education models
• Concept, need, purpose, and scope of in-service teacher education, organization, and modes of in-service teacher education, agencies and institutions of in-service teacher education at district
• State and national levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE, and UGC), preliminary consideration in planning in-service teacher education programme (purpose, duration, resources, and budget)
• Concept of profession and professionalism, teaching as a profession, professional ethics of teachers, personal and contextual factors affecting teacher development, ICT integration, quality enhancement for professionalization of teacher education
• Innovation in teacher education

Education: Unit 05

• Concept and principles of curriculum, strategies of curriculum development, stages in the process of curriculum development, foundations of curriculum planning-philosophical bases (national, democratic), sociological basis (socio-cultural reconstruction)
• Psychological bases (learner’s needs and interests), bench marking and role of national level statutory bodies-UGC, NCTE and university in curriculum development
• Models of curriculum design: Traditional and contemporary models (academic/ discipline based model, competency based model, social functions/ activities model (social reconstruction), individual needs and interests model, outcome based integrative model
• Models of curriculum design: Intervention model, CIPP model (context, input, process, product model)
• Instructional system, instructional media, instructional techniques and material in enhancing curriculum transaction, approaches to evaluation of curriculum: Approaches to curriculum and instruction (academic and competency based approaches)
• Models of curriculum evaluation: Tyler’s Model, Stakes’ Model, Scriven’s Model, Kirkpatrick’s model
• Meaning and types of curriculum change, factors affecting curriculum change, approaches to curriculum change, role of students, teachers, and educational administrators in curriculum change and improvement
• Scope of curriculum research and types of research in curriculum studies

Education: Unit 06

• Meaning and scope of educational research, meaning and steps of scientific method, characteristics of scientific method (replicability, precision, falsifiability, and parsimony), types of scientific method (exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive)
• Aims of research as a scientific activity: Problem-solving, theory building, and prediction, types of research (fundamental, applied, and action), approaches to educational research (quantitative and qualitative)
• Designs in educational research (descriptive, experimental, and historical)
• Variables: Meaning of concepts, constructs, and variables, types of variables (independent, dependent, extraneous, intervening, and moderator), hypotheses-concept, sources, types (research, directional, non-directional, null), formulating hypothesis
• Variables: Characteristics of a good hypothesis, steps of writing a research proposal, concept of universe and sample, characteristics of a good sample, techniques of sampling (probability and non-probability sampling), tools of research-validity
• Variables: Reliability and standardization of a tool, types of tools (rating scale, attitude scale, questionnaire, aptitude test, and achievement test, inventory), techniques of research (observation, interview, and projective techniques)
• Types of measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio), quantitative data analysis-descriptive data analysis (measures of central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits, and graphical presentation of data)
• Testing of hypothesis (type-I and type-II errors), levels of significance, power of a statistical test and effect size, parametric techniques, non-parametric techniques, conditions to be satisfied for using parametric techniques, inferential data analysis
• Use and interpretation of statistical techniques: correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square (equal probability and normal probability hypothesis)
• Qualitative data analysis-data reduction and classification, analytical induction and constant comparison, concept of triangulation
• Qualitative research designs: Grounded theory designs (types, characteristics, designs, steps in conducting a GT research, strengths, and weakness of GT)-narrative research designs (meaning and key characteristics, steps in conducting NR design)
• Qualitative research designs: Case study (meaning, characteristics, components of a CS design, types of CS design, steps of conducting a CS research, strengths and weaknesses)
• Qualitative research designs: Ethnography (meaning, characteristics, underlying assumptions, steps of conducting ethnographic research, writing ethnographic account, strengths and weaknesses)
• Mixed method designs: Characteristics, types of MM designs (triangulation, explanatory, and exploratory designs), steps in conducting a MM designs, strengths and weakness of MM research

Education: Unit 07

• Pedagogy, pedagogical analysis-concept and stages, critical pedagogy-meaning, need and its implications in teacher education, organizing teaching: Memory level (Herbartian model), understanding level (Morrison teaching model)
• Pedagogy, pedagogical analysis-reflective level (Bigge and Hunt teaching model, concept of androgogy in education: Meaning, principles, competencies of self-directed learning, theory of andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), the dynamic model of learner autonomy
• Assessment-meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessment of learning)-types of assessment (placement, formative, diagnostic, summative) relations between objectives and outcomes
• Assessment-assessment of cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor domains (R.H. Dave) of learning
• Assessment in pedagogy of education: Feedback devices-meaning, types, criteria, guidance as a feedback devices-assessment of portfolios, reflective journal, field engagement using rubrics, competency based evaluation
• Assessment in pedagogy of education: Assessment of teacher prepared ICT resources
• Assessment in andragogy of education-interaction analysis: Flanders’ interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (recording of classroom events, construction, and interpretation of interaction matrix)
• Assessment in andragogy of education-interaction analysis: Criteria for teacher evaluation (product, process, and presage criteria, rubrics for self and peer evaluation (meaning, steps of construction)

Education: Unit 08

• Reflective level (Bigge and Hunt teaching model), concept of andragogy in education: Meaning, principles, competencies of Self-directed learning, theory of andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), the dynamic model of learner autonomy

Education: Unit 09

• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: (Information technology, communication technology, and information and communication technology (ICT) and instructional technology, applications of educational technology in formal
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Non formal (open and distance learning), informal and inclusive education systems, overview of behaviorist
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Cognitive and constructivist theories and their implications to instructional design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky)
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Relationship between learning theories and instructional strategies (for large and small groups, formal and non formal groups)
• Systems approach to instructional design, models of development of instructional design (Addie, assure, Dick and Carey model mason’s), Gagne’s nine events of instruction and five E’s of constructivism, nine elements of constructivist instructional design
• Application of computers in education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML, concept, process of preparing ODLM, concept of e learning, approaches to e-learning (offline, online, synchronous, asynchronous, blended learning, mobile learning)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Social learning (concept, use of web 2.0 tools for learning, social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Open education resources (creative common, massive open online courses; concept and application), e-inclusion-concept of e-inclusion, application of assistive technology in e-learning
• Quality of e-learning-measuring quality of system: Information, system, service, user satisfaction and net benefits (D and M IS success model, 2003), ethical issues for e-learner and e-teacher teaching, learning and research
• Use of ICT in evaluation, administration and research: E-portfolios, ICT for research-online repositories and online libraries, online and offline assessment tools (online survey tools or test generators)-concept and development

Education: Unit 10

• Educational management and administration: Meaning, principles, functions, and importance, institutional building, POSDCORB, CPM, PERT, management as a system, SWOT analysis, taylorism, administration as a process, administration as a bureaucracy
• Educational management and administration: Human relations approach to administration, organizational compliance, organinsational development, organisational climate
• Leadership in educational administration: Meaning and nature, approaches to leadership-trait, transformational, transactional, value based, cultural, psychodynamic, and charismatic
• Leadership in educational administration: Models of leadership (Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, Fiedler’s contingency model, tri-dimensional model, Hersey and Blanchard’s model, leader-member exchange theory)
• Concept of quality and quality in education: Indian and international perspective, evolution of quality-inspection, quality control, quality assurance, total quality management (TQM), six sigma, quality gurus: Walter Shewart, Edward Deming, C.K Prahalad
• Change management: Meaning, need for planned change, three step-model of change (unfreezing, moving, refreezing), the Japanese models of change: just-in-time, poka yoke, cost of quality: Appraisal costs, failure costs and preventable costs
• Change management: Cost of quality-cost benefit analysis, cost effective analysis, Indian and international quality assurance agencies: Objectives, functions, roles and initiatives (national assessment accreditation council (NAAC), performance indicators
• Change management: Indian and international quality assurance agencies-quality council of India (QCI), international network for quality assurance agencies in higher education (INQAAHE)

Education: Unit 11

• Inclusive Education: Concept, Principles, Scope and Target Groups (Diverse learners; Including Marginalized group and Learners with Disabilities), Evolution of the Philosophy of Inclusive Education: Special, Integrated, Inclusive Education
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-policies and legislations (national policy of education (1986), programme of action of action (1992), persons with disabilities act (1995), national policy of disabilities (2006), national curriculum framework (2005)
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-concession and facilities to diverse learners (academic and financial), rehabilitation council of India act (1992), inclusive education under sarva shiksha abhiyan (SSA)
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-features of UNCRPD (united nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities) and its implication
• Concept of impairment, disability and handicap, classification of disabilities based on ICF model, readiness of school and models of inclusion, prevalence, types, characteristics, and educational needs of diverse learners’ intellectual
• Physical and multiple disabilities, causes and prevention of disabilities, identification of diverse learners for inclusion, educational evaluation methods, techniques and tools
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: infrastructure, human resource and instructional practices, curriculum and curricular adaptations for diverse learners
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: Assistive and adaptive technology for diverse learners-product (aids and appliances) and process (individualized education plan, remedial teaching), parent professional partnership: Role of parents, peers
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: Parent professional partnership-professionals, teachers, school
• Barriers and facilitators in inclusive education: Attitude, social, and educational, current status and ethical issues of inclusive education in India, research trends of inclusive education in India

Mathematical sciences: Unit 01

• Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, real number system as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property, supremum, infimum
• Sequences and series, convergence, lim sup, lim inf
• Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem
• Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem
• Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence
• Riemann sums and riemann integral, improper integrals
• Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral
• Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation, inverse and implicit function theorems
• Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness
• Normed linear spaces
• Spaces of continuous functions as examples

Mathematical sciences: Unit 02

• Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations
• Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations
• Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Matrix representation of linear transformations
• Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, jordan forms
• Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis
• Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms

Mathematical sciences: Unit 03

• Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
• Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations
• Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, open mapping theorem
• Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues
• Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 04

• Permutations, combinations, pigeon-hole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, derangements
• Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese remainder theorem, Euler’s ø- function, primitive roots
• Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, cayley’s theorem, class equations, sylow theorems
• Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain
• Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria
• Fields, finite fields, field extensions, galois theory

Mathematical sciences: Unit 05

• Basis, dense sets, subspace, and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and compactness

Mathematical sciences: Unit 06

• Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs
• General theory of homogenous and non-homogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, Green’s function

Mathematical sciences: Unit 07

• Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs
• Classification of second order PDEs, general solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients, method of separation of variables for Laplace, heat and wave equations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 08

• Numerical solutions solutions of algebraic equations, method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence, solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, finite differences, Lagrange
• Hermite and Spline interpolation, numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Eulerm, and Runge-Kutta methods

Mathematical sciences: Unit 09

• Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, necessary and sufficient conditions for extrema
• Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 10

• Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and volterra type, solutions with separable kernels
• Characteristic numbers and Eigen functions, resolvent kernel

Mathematical sciences: Unit 11

• Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis
• Theory of small oscillations

Mathematical sciences: Unit 12

• Sample space, discrete probability, independent events, Bayes's theorem
• Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments
• Independent random variables, marginal and conditional distributions
• Characteristic functions
• Probability inequalities (Chebyshev's Markov, Jensen)
• Modes of convergence, weak and strong laws of large numbers, Central Limit theorems (i.i.d. case)
• Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson and birth-and-death processes
• Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions
• Sampling distributions, standard errors, and asymptotic distributions, distribution of order statistics and range
• Methods of estimation, properties of estimators, confidence intervals
• Tests of hypotheses: most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests
• Analysis of discrete data and chi-square test of goodness of fit
• Large sample tests
• Simple nonparametric tests for one and two sample problems, rank correlation and test for independence
• Elementary bayesian inference
• Gauss-Markov models, estimability of parameters, best linear unbiased estimators, confidence intervals, tests for linear hypotheses
• Analysis of variance and covariance
• Fixed, random, and mixed effects models
• Simple and multiple linear regression
• Elementary regression diagnostics
• Logistic regression
• Multivariate normal distribution, wishart distribution, and their properties
• Distribution of quadratic forms
• Inference for parameters, partial and multiple correlation coefficients and related tests
• Data reduction techniques: principle component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, canonical correlation
• Simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling
• Probability proportional to size sampling
• Ratio and regression methods
• Completely randomized designs, randomized block designs, and Latin-square designs
• Connectedness and orthogonality of block designs, bibd
• 2k factorial experiments: confounding and construction
• Hazard function and failure rates, censoring and life testing, series, and parallel systems
• Linear programming problem, simplex methods, duality
• Elementary queuing and inventory models
• Steady-state solutions of Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space, M/M/C, M/M/C with limited waiting space, M/G/1