UGC NET 2025 (June Session) Exam - Result (Out), Cutoff (Released), Final Answer key

Political science: Unit 01

• Concepts: Liberty, equality, justice, rights, democracy, power, citizenship, political traditions: Liberalism, conservatism, socialism, Marxism, feminism, ecologism, multiculturalism, postmodernism

Political science: Unit 02

• Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, John Rawls

Political science: Unit 03

• Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Agganna Sutta, Barani, Kabir, Pandita Ramabai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, Muhammad Iqbal, M.N.Roy, V.D. Savarkar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, J.L. Nehru
• Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan, Deendayal Upadhyaya

Political science: Unit 04

• Approaches: Institutional, political culture, political economy, and new institutionalism; comparative methods, colonialism, and decolonization: Forms of colonialism, anti-colonial struggles and decolonization, nationalism: European and non-European
• State theory: Debate over the nature of state in capitalist and socialist societies; post-colonial state; welfare state; globalization and nations-states
• Political regimes: Democratic (electoral, liberal, majoritarian, and participatory) and non-democratic regimes (patrimonialism, bureaucratic authoritarianism, military dictatorship, totalitarianism, and fascist)
• Constitutions and Constitutionalism: forms of constitutions, rule of law, judicial independence and liberal constitutionalism; emergency powers and crisis of constitutionalism
• Democratization: Democratic transition and consolidation
• Development: Underdevelopment, dependency, modernization, world systems theory, development and democracy
• Structures of power: Ruling class, power elites, democratic elitism, actor and processes: Electoral systems, political parties and party system, interest groups, social movements, new social movements
• Actor and processes: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society campaigns; revolutions

Political science: Unit 05

• Approaches to the study of international relations: idealism, realism, structural Marxism, neoliberalism, neorealism, social constructivism, critical international theory, feminism, postmodernism
• Concepts: State, state system, and non-state actors, power, sovereignty, security: Traditional and non- traditional
• Conflict and peace: Changing nature of warfare; weapons of mass destruction; deterrence; conflict resolution, conflict transformation
• United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of U.N.; peace and development perspectives; humanitarian intervention. International law; international criminal court, political economy of IR; globalization
• United nations: Global governance and Bretton Woods system, north-south dialogue, WTO, G-20, BRICS
• Regional organizations: European union, African union, Shanghai cooperation organization, ASEAN
• Contemporary challenges: International terrorism, climate change, and environmental concerns, human rights, migration, and refugees; poverty and development; role of religion, culture, and identity politics

Political science: Unit 06

• Perspectives on India’s Foreign Policy: India’s Identity as postcolonial, development, rising power and as emerging political economy, Continuity and change in India’s Foreign Policy: Principles and determinants
• Non-alignment movement: Historical background and relevance of non-aligned movement; India’s nuclear policy, India’s relations with major powers: USA, USSR/ Russia, people’s republic of China
• India’s Engagement with multipolar world: India’s relations with European Union, BRICS, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Gulf Cooperation Council
• India’s relations with neighborhood: SAARC, Gujral doctrine, look east/ act east, look west
• India’s negotiation strategies in international regimes: The united nations, world trade organization, international monetary fund, intergovernmental panel on climate change, contemporary challenges: Maritime security, energy security
• Contemporary challenges: Environmental security, migrants, and refugees, water resources, international terrorism, cyber security

Political science: Unit 07

• Making of the Indian constitution: Colonialism heritage and the contribution Indian national movement to the making of the Indian constitution, constituent assembly: Composition, ideological moorings, constitutional debates
• Philosophy of the constitution: Preamble, fundamental rights, directive principles, constitutionalism in India: Democracy, social change, national unity, checks and balances, basic structure debate, constitutional amendments
• Union executive: President, prime minister, and council of ministers, union parliament: Structure, role and functioning, parliamentary committees, judiciary: Supreme court, high court, judicial review, judicial activism, judicial reform
• Executive and legislature in the states: Governor, chief minister, state legislature, federalism in India: Strong centre framework, asymmetrical federal provisions and adaption, role of intergovernmental coordination mechanisms, inter-state council
• Federalism in India: Emerging trends
• Electoral process and election commission of India: Conduct of elections, rules, electoral reforms
• Local government institutions: Functioning and reforms
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: Comptroller and auditor general, national commission for scheduled castes, national commission for scheduled tribes, national commission for human rights, national commission for women
• Constitutional and statutory bodies: National commission for minorities

Political science: Unit 08

• State, economy, and development: Nature of Indian state, development planning model, new economic policy, growth and human development
• Process of globalization: Social and economic implications
• Identity politics: religion, tribe, caste, region, language
• Social movements: Dalit, tribal, women, farmers, labour, civil society groups: Non-party social formations, non-governmental organizations, social action groups
• Regionalization of Indian politics: Reorganization of Indian states, states as political and economic units, sub-state regions, regional disparities, demand for new states, gender and politics in India: Issues of equality and representation
• Ideology and social basis of political parties: National parties, state parties
• Electoral politics: Participation, contestation, representation, emerging trends

Political science: Unit 09

• Public administration: Meaning and evolution; public and private administration approaches: System theory, decision making, ecological approach, public administration theories and concepts: Scientific management theory, rational choice theory
• Public administration theories and concepts: New public administration, development administration, comparative public administration, new public management, changing nature of public administration in the era of liberalization and globalization
• Theories and principles of organization: Scientific management theory, bureaucratic theory, human relations theory, managing the organization: Theories of leadership and motivation
• Organizational communication: Theories and principles, Chester Bernard principles of communication, information management in the organization, managing conflict in the organization: Mary Parker Follett, management by objectives-Peter Drucker

Political science: Unit 10

• Governance, good governance and democratic governance, role of state, civil society, and individuals
• Accountability and control: Institutional mechanism for checks and balances, legislative control over executive, administrative, and budgetary control, control through parliamentary committees, judicial control over legislature and executive
• Accountability and control: Administrative culture, corruption and administrative reforms, institutional mechanisms for good governance: Right to information, consumer protection act, citizen charter; grievance redress system: Ombudsman, Lokpal, Lokayukta
• Grassroots governance: Panchayati Raj institutions and their functioning, planning, and development: Decentralized planning, planning for development, sustainable development, participatory development, e-governance; NITI aayog
• Public policy as an instrument of socio-economic development: Public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, MNREGA, NHRM, RTE, monitoring and evaluation of public policy
• Mechanisms of making governance process accountable: Jansunwai, social audit

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Vedic and Upanishadic: Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of Yajna (sacrifice), theories of creation Atman-self (and not-self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti, and Turiya, Brahman
• Carvaka: Pratyaksa as the only Pramana, critique of Anumana and Sabda, consciousness as epiphenomenon
• Jainism: Concept of reality-Sat, Dravya, Guṇa, Paryāya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekāntavāda, Syādvāda and Nayavāda; theory of knowledge
• Buddhism: Four noble truths, Astangika Marga, distinction between Brahmanic and Shramanic traditions. Pratityasamutpada, Ksanabhahgavada, Anatmavada. Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Madhyamika, and Tibetan Buddhism
• Nyaya: Prama and Aprama, theories of Pramana: Pratyaksa, Anumana, Upamana, Sabda. Hetvabhasa. Concept of God. Debate between Buddhism and Nyaya about Pramana-Vyavastha and Pramana Samplava. Anyatha Khyati
• Vaiśeṣika: Concept of Padārtha and its kinds, Asatkāryavāda, kinds of Kāraṇa: Samavāyi, Asamavāyi, and Nimitta Kāraṇa, Paramaṇukaraṇavāda
• Samkhya: Satkaryavada, Prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakriti, nature of Purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Purusa, relationship between Purusha and Prakriti, atheism
• Yoga: Patanjali’s theory of Pramana, concept of Citta and Citta-Vrtti, stages of Citta Bhumi, the role of God in yoga
• Purva-Mimamsa: Pramanyavada-Svatah-Pramanyavada and Paratha-Pramanyavada, Sruti and its importance, classification of Sruti-Vakyas, Vidhi, Nisedha and Arthavada, Dharma, Bhavana, Sabda-Nityavada, Jati, Saktivada
• Purva-Mimamsa: Kumarila and Prabhakara schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference, Tirupati-Samvit, Jnatata, Abhava and Anupalabdhi, Anvitadbhidhanavada, Abhihitanvayavada, theories of error: Akhyati, Viparita Khyati, atheism
• Vedanta
• Advaita: Brahmaṇ, relation between Brahmaṇ and Atman, three grades of Sattā, Adhyāsa, Māya, Jiva, Vivartavāda, Anirvachniya-Khyāti
• Viśiṣtādvaita: Saguṇa brahmaṇ, refutation of Māya, Aprthaksiddhi Pariṇāmavāda, Jiva, Bhakti and Prapatti, Brahma-Pariṇāmavāda, Sat-Khyāti
• Dvaita: Rejection of Nirguṇa brahmaṇ and Māya, Bheda and Sāksi, Bhakti
• Dvaitadvaita: Concept of Jnana Swaroop, kinds of inanimate
• Shuddhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-Parinamavada

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Pre-Socratic philosophers: Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenes, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus
• The Sophists and Socrates
• Plato and Aristotle: Plato-theory of knowledge, knowledge and opinion, theory of ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God. Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive
• Plato and Aristotle: Aristotle-logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, soul and God
• Medieval Philosophy: St. Augustine: Problem of evil, St. Anselm: Ontological argument, St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God
• Modern western philosophy: Descartes-conception of method, criteria of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, cartesian dualism: Mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, interactionism
• Modern western philosophy: Spinoza-substance, attribute and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, Intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, three orders of knowing. Leibniz-monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas
• Modern western philosophy: Leibnitz-proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom
• Modern western philosophy: Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge
• Modern western philosophy: Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self
• Modern western philosophy: Hume-impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism
• Modern western philosophy: Hume-reason and the passions. Kant: The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgements, the copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
• Modern western philosophy: Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, rejection of speculative metaphysics. Hegel: The conception of Geist (spirit)
• Modern western philosophy: Hegel-the dialectical method, concepts of being, non-being and becoming, absolute idealism, freedom

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Concept of Purushartha, Sreyas, and Preyas, Varnashrama, dharma, Sadharana dharma, rna and Yajna, concept of duty, karma-yoga, Sthitaprajna, Svadharma, Lokasamgraha, Apurva and Adrsta, Sadhya-Sadhana, Itikartavyata, law of karma: Ethical implications
• Rta and Satya, yogaKsema, Ashtanga yoga, Jainism: Samvara-Nirjara, Tri-Ratna, Panch-Vrata
• Buddhism: Upaya-Kaushal, brahma-Vihara-Maitri, Karuna, Mudita, Upeksha, Bodhi-sattva, Carvaka hedonism

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Concepts of good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, eudaemonism, intuition as explained in teleological and deontological theories
• Egoism, altruism, universalism, subjectivism, cultural relativism, super-naturalism
• Ethical realism and Intuitionism, Kant’s moral theory: Postulates of morality, Good-will, Categorical Imperative, Duty, Mean and ends, Maxims
• Utilitarianism: Principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality, kinds of utilitarianism, moral theories of Bentham, J.S. Mill, Sidgwick, theories of punishment
• Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism: emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Vivekananda: practical Vedanta, universal religion, religious experience, religious rituals
• Sri Aurobindo: evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga
• Iqbal: Self, God, man and superman, intellect and intuition
• K. C. Bhattacharyya: Swaraj in ideas, concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of Maya
• Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the Idealist view of life, concept of universal religion, Hindu view of life
• J. Krishnamurti: conception of thought, freedom from the known, analysis of self, choiceless awareness
• Gandhi: truth, non-violence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, critique of modern civilization
• Ambedkar: annihilation of caste, philosophy of Hinduism, Neo-Buddhism
• D.D. Upadhyaya: Integral Humanism, Advaita Vedanta, Purusartha
• Narayana Guru: the spiritual freedom and social equality, one caste, one religion, one God
• Tiruvallur: Thirukkural
• Jyotiba Phule: Critical understanding of caste-system
• M.N.Roy: radical humanism, materialism
• Maulana Azad: humanism

Philosophy: Unit 06

• Analytic and continental philosophy: Frege-sense and reference, logical positivism: verification theory of meaning, elimination of metaphysics, concept of philosophy, Moore: distinction between sense and reference, refutation of idealism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Moore-defense of common sense, proof of an external world. Russell: Logical atomism, definite descriptions, refutation of idealism, Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Wittgenstein-the picture theory, critique of private language, meaning and use, forms of life, notion of philosophy, Wittgensteinian Fideism, on certainty, Gilbert Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Gilbert Ryle-category mistake concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism, A.J. Ayer: The problem of knowledge, W.V.O. Quine: Two Dogmas of Empiricism, H.P. Grice and P.F. Strawson: In defense of a dogma
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Phenomenology and existentialism, Husserl-phenomenological method, philosophy as a rigorous science, intentionality, phenomenological reduction, inter-subjectivity, Heidegger: The concept of Being (Dasein)
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Heidegger-man as being in the world, critique of technological civilization, Kierkegaard: Subjectivity as truth, leap of faith, Sartre: Concept of freedom, bad-faith, humanism, Merleau-Ponty: Perception
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Merleau-Ponty-embodied consciousness, pragmatism, William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, varieties of religious experience, John Dewey: Concept of truth, common-faith, education, postmodernism
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Nietzsche: critique of enlightenment, will to power, genealogy of moral, Richard Rorty: Critique of representationalism, against epistemological method, edifying philosophy
• Analytic and continental philosophy: Emmanuel Levinas-ethics as a first philosophy, philosophy of ‘other’

Philosophy: Unit 07

• Mahabharata: Danda-niti, foundations, Rajdharma, law and governance, Narada’s questions to king Yudhisthira, Kautilya: Sovereignty, seven pillars of statecraft, state, society, social-life, state administration, state economy, law, and justice
• Kautilya: Internal security, welfare and external affairs, Kamandaki: Social order and state elements constitutional morality, secularism and fundamental rights, constitutionalism, total revolution, terrorism, swadeshi, satyagrah, sarvodaya
• Kamandaki: Social democracy, state socialism, affirmative action, social justice, social institutions: Family, marriage, property, education and religion colonialism

Philosophy: Unit 08

• Plato: Ideal state and justice, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau: Social contract theory, Isaiah Berlin: Conceptions of liberty, Bernard Williams: Idea of equality, Liberalism: Rawls; distributive justice, Nozick; Justice as entitlement, Dworkin
• Justice as equality; Amartya Sen: Global justice, freedom and capability
• Marxism: dialectical materialism, alienation, critique of capitalism, doctrine of class struggle and classless society
• Communitarianism: Communitarian critique of liberal self, universalism vs. particularism, theory of Charles Taylor, MacIntyre, Michael Sandel, Multiculturalism: Charles Taylor; politics of recognition, Will Kymlicka; conception of minority rights
• Feminism: Basic concepts-patriarchy, misogyny, gender, theories of feminism; liberal, socialist, radical and eco-feminism

Philosophy: Unit 09

• Truth and Validity, Denotation and Connotation, Nature of Propositions, Categorical Syllogism, Laws of thought, Classification of Propositions, Square of Opposition, Truth-Functions and Propositional Logic, Quantification and Rules of Quantification
• Symbolic logic: Use of symbols, decision procedures: Truth table, using truth-tables for testing the validity of arguments, Venn diagram, informal, and formal fallacies, proving validity, argument, and argument-form, axiomatic system, consistency
• Completeness, differences between deductive and inductive logic

Philosophy: Unit 10

• What is applied philosophy?, philosophy of technology; technology, dominance, power, and social inequalities, democratization of technology, public evaluation of science and technology, ethical implication of information technology, biotechnology
• Non-technology, environmental ethics: Nature as means or end, Aldo-Leopold; land-ethics, Arne Naess: Deep ecology, Peter Singer; animal rights, medical-ethics: Surrogacy, doctor-patient relationship, abortion, euthanasia, female-infanticide
• Professional ethics: Corporate governance and ethical responsibility, media ethics: Ethical issues in privacy, cyber space, pornography, representation and differences-marginalization, legal ethics: Law and morality, legal obligation
• Legal ethics: Authority and validity of law, philosophical counseling: Managing everyday problems

Psychology: Unit 01

• Psychological thought in some major eastern systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and integral yoga
• Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia
• Issues: The colonial encounter; post colonialism and psychology; lack of distinct disciplinary identity
• Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period
• Structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalytical, Gestalt, behaviorism, humanistic existential, transpersonal, cognitive revolution, multiculturalism
• Four founding paths of academic psychology-Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey
• Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental analytical paradigm (logical empiricism)
• Indic influences on modern psychology
• Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: ontology, epistemology, and methodology
• Paradigms of western psychology: Positivism, post-positivism, critical perspective, social constructionism, existential phenomenology, and cooperative enquiry
• Paradigmatic controversies
• Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga
• Science and spirituality (Avidya and Vidya)
• The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology

Psychology: Unit 02

• Research: Meaning, purpose, and dimension
• Research problems, variables, and operational definitions, hypothesis, sampling
• Ethics in conducting and reporting research, paradigms of research: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods approach, methods of research: Observation, survey [interview, questionnaires], experimental, quasi-experimental, field studies
• Methods of research: cross-cultural studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, focus groups, narratives, case studies, ethnography, statistics in psychology: Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Normal probability curve
• Statistics in psychology: Parametric (t-test) and non-parametric tests (sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman). Power analysis. Effect size
• Correlation analysis: Correlation (product moment, rank order), partial correlation, multiple correlation
• Special correlation methods: biserial, point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient
• Regression: simple linear regression, multiple regression
• Factor analysis: Assumptions, methods, rotation, and interpretation
• Experimental designs: ANOVA (one-way, factorial), randomized block designs, repeated measures design, Latin square, cohort studies, time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs

Psychology: Unit 03

• Types of tests, test construction: Item writing, item analysis, test standardization: Reliability, validity, and norms, areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, personality assessment, interest inventories
• Areas of testing: Attitude scales-semantic differential, staples, Likert scale
• Computer-based psychological testing, applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, organizational and business, education, counseling, military. Career guidance

Psychology: Unit 04

• Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors and processes, neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters
• The central and peripheral nervous systems: Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity
• Methods of physiological psychology: Invasive methods-anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non-invasive methods-EEG, scanning methods
• Muscular and glandular system: Types and functions, biological basis of motivation: Hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex
• Biological basis of emotion: The limbic system, hormonal regulation of behaviour
• Genetics and behaviour: Chromosomal anomalies; nature-nurture controversy (twin studies and adoption studies)

Psychology: Unit 05

• Attention: Forms of attention, models of attention, perception: Approaches to the study of perception-Gestalt and physiological approaches, perceptual organization: Gestalt, figure, and ground, law of organization
• Perceptual constancy: Size, shape, and color; illusions, perception of form, depth, and movement, role of motivation and learning in perception, signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications, subliminal perception and related factors
• Signal detection theory: Information processing approach to perception, culture, and perception, perceptual styles, pattern recognition, ecological perspective on perception
• Learning process: Fundamental theories-Thorndike, Guthrie, hull, classical conditioning: Procedure, phenomena, and related issues, instrumental learning: Phenomena, paradigms, and theoretical issues; reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules
• Learning process: Reinforcement-behaviour modification and its applications, cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning. Verbal learning and discrimination learning, recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning
• Memory and forgetting: Memory processes-encoding, storage, retrieval, stages of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory (working memory), long-term memory (declarative-episodic and semantic; procedural)
• Memory and forgetting: Theories of forgetting-interference, retrieval failure, decay, motivated forgetting

Psychology: Unit 06

• Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, gestalt, information processing, feature integration model, concept formation: Rules, types, and strategies; role of concepts in thinking, types of reasoning, language and thought
• Problem solving: Type, strategies, and obstacles, decision-making: Types and models, metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation, intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg; Goleman; Das, Kar and Parrilla
• Creativity: Torrance, Getzels, and Jackson, Guilford, Wallach and Kogan relationship between intelligence and creativity

Psychology: Unit 07

• Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural, approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian, social learning, trait and type, cognitive, humanistic, existential, transpersonal psychology
• Other theories: Rotter's locus of control, Seligman's explanatory styles, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
• Basic motivational concepts: instincts, needs, drives, arousal, incentives, motivational cycle
• Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R cognitive, humanistic, exploratory behaviour and curiosity, Zuckerman’s sensation seeking, achievement, affiliation, and power, motivational competence, self-regulation, flow
• Emotions: Physiological correlates, theories of emotions: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter, and Singer, Lazarus, Lindsley. Emotion regulation
• Conflicts: Sources and types, stress, and coping: Concept, models, type A, B, C, D behaviours
• Conflicts: Stress management strategies (biofeedback, music therapy, breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation, guided imagery, mindfulness meditation, yogasana, stress inoculation training)

Psychology: Unit 08

• Nature, scope, and history of social psychology, traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, cognitive dissonance, sociobiology, psychodynamic approaches, social cognition
• Social perception (communication, attributions); attitude and its change within cultural context; prosocial behaviour, group and social influence (social facilitation; social loafing)
• Social influence (conformity, peer pressure, persuasion, compliance, obedience, social power, reactance)
• Aggression
• Group dynamics, leadership style, and effectiveness
• Theories of intergroup relations (minimal group experiment and social identity theory, relative deprivation theory, realistic conflict theory, balance theories, equity theory, social exchange theory)
• Applied social psychology: Health, environment, and law; personal space, crowding, and territoriality

Psychology: Unit 09

• Developmental processes: Nature, principles, factors in development, stages of development. Successful aging
• Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, behavioristic, and cognitive, various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and moral
• Psychopathology: Concept, mental status examination, classification, causes, psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, person-centered, gestalt, existential, acceptance commitment therapy, behaviour therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, play therapy, positive psychotherapy
• Psychotherapies: Transactional analysis, dialectical behaviour therapy, art therapy, performing art therapy, family therapy
• Applications of theories of motivation and learning in school, factors in educational achievement, teacher effectiveness, guidance in schools: Needs, organizational set up and techniques, counselling: Process, skills, and techniques

Psychology: Unit 10

• Issues of Gender, Poverty, Disability, and Migration: Cultural bias and discrimination. Stigma, Marginalization, and Social Suffering; Child Abuse and Domestic violence
• Peace psychology: violence, non-violence, conflict resolution at macro level, role of media in conflict resolution
• Wellbeing and self-growth: Types of wellbeing (hedonic and eudaimonic), character strengths, resilience and post-traumatic growth
• Health: Health promoting and health compromising behaviours, lifestyle and chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease), psychoneuroimmunology (cancer, HIV/ AIDS), psychology and technology interface: Digital learning
• Psychology and technology interface: Digital etiquette-cyber bullying; cyber pornography: Consumption, implications; parental mediation of digital usage

Sociology: Unit 01

• Classical sociological traditions: Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx
• Structural-functionalism and structuralism: Bronisław Malinowski, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, Claude Levi-Strauss
• Hermeneutic and interpretive traditions: G.H. Mead, Karl Manheim, Alfred Schutz, Harold Garfinkel, Erving Goffman, Clifford Geertz
• Postmodernism, post structuralism, and post colonialism: Edward Said, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, Manuel Castells
• Indian thinkers: M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Radha Kamal Mukherjee, G.S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas, Irawati Karve

Sociology: Unit 02

• Conceptualizing social reality: Philosophy of science, scientific method and epistemology in social science, hermeneutic traditions, objectivity and reflexivity in social science, ethics and politics
• Formulating research design: Reading social science research, data and documents, induction and deduction, fact, concept, and theory, hypotheses, research questions, objectives
• Quantitative and qualitative methods: Ethnography, survey method, historical method, comparative method
• Techniques: Sampling, questionnaire, and schedule, statistical analysis, observation, interview and case study, interpretation, data analysis and report writing

Sociology: Unit 03

• Sociological concepts: Social structure, culture, network, status and role, identity, community, diaspora, values, norms and rules, personhood, habitus, and agency, bureaucracy, power, and authority
• Social institutions: Marriage, family, and kinship, economy, polity, religion, education, law and customs
• Social stratification: Social difference, hierarchy, inequality and marginalization, caste and class, gender, sexuality and disability, race, tribe, and ethnicity
• Social change and processes: Evolution and diffusion, modernization and development, social transformations and globalization, social mobility

Sociology: Unit 04

• Rural and peasant society: Caste-tribe settlements, agrarian social structure and emergent class relations, land ownership and agrarian relations, decline of agrarian economy, depeasantization and migration, agrarian unrest and peasant movements
• Rural and peasant society: Changing inter-community relations and violence
• Urban society: Urbanism, urbanity, and urbanization, towns, cities, and mega-cities, industry, service, and business, neighbourhood, slums and ethnic enclaves, middle class and gated communities, urban movements and violence

Sociology: Unit 05

• Political processes in India: Tribe, nation state, and border, bureaucracy, governance and development, public policy: Health, education, and livelihoods, political culture, grass-root democracy, law and society, gender and development, corruption
• Political processes in India: Role of international development organizations
• Social movements and protests: Political factions, pressure groups, movements based on caste, ethnicity, ideology, gender, disability, religion and region, civil society and citizenship, NGOs, activism and leadership, reservations, and politics

Sociology: Unit 06

• Exchange, gift, capital, labour, and market, mode of production debates, property and property relations, state and market: Welfarism and neoliberalism, models of economic development, poverty and exclusion, factory and industry systems
• Changing nature of labour relations, gender and labour process, business and family, digital economy, e-commerce, global business and corporates, tourism, consumption

Sociology: Unit 07

• Social and cultural ecology: Diverse forms, technological change, agriculture, and biodiversity, indigenous knowledge systems and ethno-medicine, gender and environment, forest policies, adivasis, and exclusion, ecological degradation and migration
• Development, displacement, and rehabilitation, water and social exclusion, disasters and community responses, environmental pollution, public health, and disability, climate change and international policies, environmental movements

Sociology: Unit 08

• Theoretical approaches: Structure-functionalist, alliance, and cultural, gender relations and power dynamics, inheritance, succession, and authority, gender, sexuality, and reproduction, children, youth, and elderly, emotions and family
• Emergent forms of family, changing marriage practices, changing care and support systems, family laws, domestic violence and crime against women, honor killing

Sociology: Unit 09

• History of Technological Development, Changing notions of Time and Space, Flows and Boundaries, Virtual Community, Media: Print and Electronic, Visual and Social Media, E-Governance and Surveillance Society, Technology and Emerging Political Processes
• State policy, digital divide, and inclusion, technology and changing family relations, technology and changing health systems, food and technology, cyber crime

Sociology: Unit 10

• Signs and symbols, rituals, beliefs, and practices, changing material culture, moral economy, education: Formal and informal, religious organizations, piety, and spirituality, commodification of rituals, communalism and secularism
• Cultural identity and mobilization, culture and politics, gender, body, and culture, art and aesthetics, ethics and morality, sports and culture, pilgrimage and religious tourism, religion and economy, culture and environment, new religious movements

History: Unit 01

• Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, and numismatics
• Dating of archaeological sites
• Literary sources: Indigenous literature-primary and secondary, problem of dating religious and secular literature, myths, legends, etc
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arabic
• Pastoralism and food production: Neolithic and chalcolithic phase-settlement, distribution, tools, and patterns of exchange
• Indus/ Harappa civilization: Origin, extent, major sites, settlement pattern, craft specialization, religion, society and polity, decline of Indus civilization, internal and external trade, first urbanization in India
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Aryan debates, political and social institutions, state structure and theories of state; emergence of varnas and social stratification, religious and philosophical ideas. Introduction of iron technology
• Vedic and later Vedic periods: Megaliths of south India
• Expansion of state system: Mahajanapadas, monarchical and republican states, economic and social developments and emergence of second urbanization in 6th century BCE; emergence of heterodox sects-Jainism, Buddhism, and Ajivikas

History: Unit 02

• Rise of Magadha, Greek invasion under Alexander and its effects, Mauryan expansion, Mauryan polity, society, economy, Ashoka’s Dhamma and its nature, decline, and disintegration of the Mauryan empire, Mauryan art and architecture
• Ashokan edicts: Language and script
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Indo-Greeks, Sungas, Satavahanas, Kushans and Saka-Kshatrapas, Sangam literature, polity and society in south India as reflected in Sangam literature
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Trade and commerce from 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE, trade with the roman world, emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, Kharavela, and Jainism, post-Mauryan art and architecture
• Dissolution of empire and emergence of regional powers: Gandhara, Mathura, and Amravati schools
• Gupta Vakataka age: Polity and Society, Agrarian Economy, Land Grants, Land Revenue and Land Rights, Gupta Coins, Beginning of Temple Architecture, Emergence of Puranic Hinduism, Development of Sanskrit Language and Literature
• Gupta Vakataka age: Developments in science technology, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine
• Harsha and his times: Administration and religion
• Salankayanas and Vishnukundins in Andhra Desa

History: Unit 03

• Kingdoms in Deccan: Gangas, Kadambas, western and eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Kalyani Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Yadavas
• Kingdoms in south India: Pallavas, Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas
• Kingdoms in eastern India: Palas and senas of Bengal, Varmans of Kamarupa, Bhaumakaras, and Somavamsis of Odisha
• Kingdoms in western India: Maitrakas of Vallabhi and Chalukyas of Gujarat
• Kingdoms in North India: Gurjara-Pratiharas, Kalachuri-Chedis, Gahadavalas, and Paramaras
• Characteristics of early medieval India: Administration and political structure legitimation of kingship
• Agrarian economy; land grants, changing production relations; graded land rights and peasantry, water resources, taxation system, coins, and currency system
• Trade and urbanization: Patterns of trade, and urban settlements, ports and trade routes, merchandise and exchange, trade guilds; trade and colonization in southeast Asia
• Growth of Brahmanical religions; Vaishnavism and Shaivism; temples; patronage and regional ramification; temple architecture and regional styles. Dana, tirtha and bhakti, Tamil bhakti movement-Shankara, Madhava, and Ramanujacharya
• Society: Varna, jati and proliferation of castes, position of women; gender, marriage, and property relations; women in public life. Tribes as peasants and their place in Varna order. Untouchability
• Education and educational institutions: Agraharas, Mathas, and Mahaviharas as centers of education. Growth of regional languages
• Debates of state formation in early medieval India: Feudal model; segmentary model; integrative model
• Arab contracts: Suleiman Ghaznavid conquests. Alberuni’s accounts

History: Unit 04

• Archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources, material evidences and monuments; chronicles; literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit and regional languages; daftar khannas: Firmans, Bahis/ Pothis/ Akhbarat; foreign travellers’ accounts-Persian and Arabic
• Political developments: The Delhi Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids, and the Lodis. Decline of Delhi sultanate
• Foundation of the Mughal empire: Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion and consolidation from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire
• Later mughals and disintegration of the mughal empire
• The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-Deccan sultanate; Bijapur, Golkonda, Bidar, Berar, and Ahmadnagar-rise, expansion, and disintegration; eastern Gangas and Suryavamsi Gajapatis
• Rise of the Marathas and the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its expansion under the Peshwas; Mughal-Maratha relations, Maratha confederacy, causes of decline

History: Unit 05

• Administration under the sultanate, nature of state-theocratic and the centric, central, provincial and local administration, law of succession
• Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal administration-central, provincial, and local: Mansabdari and Jagirdari systems
• Administrative system in the Deccan-The Vijayanagara state and polity, Bahamani administrative system; Maratha administration-asta pradhan
• Frontier policies under Delhi sultanate and Mughals
• Inter-state relations during the sultanate and the Mughals
• Agricultural production and irrigation system, village economy, peasantry, grants, and agricultural loans, urbanization, and demographic structure
• Industries-Cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, and technology
• Trade and commerce-state policies, internal and external trade: European trade, trade centers, and ports, transport and communication
• Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance, state income and expenditure, currency, mint system; famines and peasant revolts

History: Unit 06

• Social organization and social structure
• The Sufis-their orders, beliefs, and practices, the leading Sufi saints, social synchronization
• Bhakti movement-Shaivism; Vaishnavism, Shaktism
• The saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on socio political and religious life-women saints of medieval India
• The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev: His teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
• Social classification: Ruling class, major religious groups, the ulemas, the mercantile, and professional classes-rajput society
• Rural society-Petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators, and non-cultivating classes, artisans
• Position of women-Zanana system, Devadasi system
• Development of education centers of education and curriculum, Madrasa education
• Fine arts-major schools of painting-Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari, Garhwali; development of music
• Art and architecture, Indo-Islamic architecture, Mughal architecture, regional styles
• Indo-Arabic architecture, Mughal gardens, Maratha forts, shrines, and temples

History: Unit 07

• Archival materials, biographies, and memoirs, newspapers, oral evidence, creative literature, and painting, monuments, coins
• Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 16th to 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French, and the British
• Establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
• British relations with principal Indian states-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Carnatic, and Punjab
• Revolt of 1857, causes, nature, and impact
• Administration of the company and the crown; evolution of central and provincial structure under east India company
• Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police and the army under the company; British policy and paramountcy in the princely states under the crown
• Local self-government
• Constitutional changes, 1909-1935

History: Unit 08

• Changing composition, volume, and direction of trade
• Expansion and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour, irrigation, and canal system
• Decline of industries-changing socioeconomic conditions of artisans; DE-urbanization; economic drain; world wars and economy
• British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements
• Monetary policy, banking, currency, and exchange, railways and road transport, communications-post and telegraph
• Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture, urban society and urban problems
• Famines, epidemics, and the government policy
• Tribal and peasant movements
• Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions and missionaries; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities
• The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language; development of science, technology, public health and medicine-towards modernism
• Indian renaissance-socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility
• Women’s question-nationalist discourse; women’s organizations; British legislation concerning women, gender identity and constitutional position
• The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
• Modernization of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music and performing arts

History: Unit 09

• Social and economic basis of nationalism
• Birth of Indian national congress: Ideologies and programmes of the Indian national congress, 1885-1920: early nationalists, assertive nationalists and revolutionaries
• Swadeshi and Swaraj
• Gandhian mass movements; Subhas Chandra Bose and INA; role of middle class in national movement; women participation in national movement
• Left wing politics
• Depressed class movement
• Communal politics; muslim league and genesis of Pakistan
• Towards independence and partition
• India after independence: Challenges of partition; integration of the Indian princely states; Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh
• B.R. Ambedkar-The making of the Indian constitution, its features
• The structure of bureaucracy
• New education policy
• Economic policies and the planning process; development, displacement, and tribal issues
• Linguistic reorganization of states; centre-state relations
• Foreign policy initiatives-Panchsheel; dynamics of Indian politics-emergency; liberalization, privatization, and globalization of Indian economy

History: Unit 10

• Scope and importance of history, objectivity, and bias in history, heuristics operation, criticism in history, synthesis and presentation, history and its auxiliary sciences, history a science, arts or a social science
• Causation and imagination in history, significance of regional history, recent trends of Indian history, research methodology, hypothesis in history, area of proposed research sources-data collection, primary/ secondary, original and transit sources
• Trends in historical research, recent Indian historiography, selection of topic in history, notes taking, references, footnotes and bibliography thesis and assignment writing, plagiarism, intellectual dishonesty, and history writing
• Beginnings of historical writings-Greek, Roman, and Church historiography, renaissance, and its impact on history writing, negative and positive schools of historical writing, Berlin revolution in history writing-Von Ranke
• Marxist philosophy of history-scientific materialism, cyclical theory of history-Oswald Spengler, challenge and response theory-Arnold Joseph Toynbee, postmodernism in history

Anthropology: Unit 01

• Relationship with other sciences, different branches of anthropology (including linguistic anthropology) and their interrelationship
• Research methodology and methods: concepts of epistemology, ontology and theoretical perspectives
• Types of research (qualitative and quantitative), research design, hypothesis
• Fieldwork and fieldwork tradition; ethnography, observation, interview, case study, life history, focus group, PRA, RRA, genealogical method, schedules and questionnaires, grounded theory, exploration and excavation, GIS
• Statistics: concept of variables, sampling, measures of central tendency and dispersion, parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate (linear regression and logistic regression) statistical tests
• Techniques of analysis: Content analysis, discourse analysis, and narratives

Anthropology: Unit 02

• Concept of cladogenesis and anagenesis, punctuated equilibrium, selection
• Trends in primate radiation; primate classification and distribution of extinct and extant species
• Characteristics of primates: Morphological (hair), skeletal (cranial, postcranial, dental, brain), physical (opposability of thumb), locomotion (quadrupedalism, brachiation, and bipedalism) and posture, primate social behaviour
• Extant primates: Distribution, characteristics and classification. Prosimii (Tarsioidea, Lorisoidea, Lemuroidea), Anthropoidea (Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea). Morphological and anatomical characteristics of human, chimpanzee
• Extant primates: Morphological and anatomical characteristics of gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon
• Fossils of extinct primates: Oligocene-miocene fossils-parapithecus; Gigantopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, and Sivapithecus
• Pre-hominid groups: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (toumai), orrorin tugenensis, ardipithecus ramidus
• Early hominids: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus ramidus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus (paranthropus) boisei, Australopithecus (paranthropus) robustus, Australopithecus bahrelghazali
• Early transitional human: Homo habilis
• Hominid evolution: Characteristics and distribution of Homo erectus in general, special reference to the fossil evidences discovered from Africa (Turkana boy), Asia (Java man and Peking man), Europe (Dmanisi), Homo floresiensis (dwarf variety)
• Hominid evolution: Characteristics of Archaic sapiens with special reference to Europe (Homo heidelbergensis), Africa (Rhodesian man), Asia (China, Jinniushan; India, Narmada Man). Neanderthal man: Distribution, salient features, and phylogenetic position
• Hominid evolution: Characteristics of anatomically modern Homo sapiens with special reference to Africa (Omo), Europe (Cro-magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi), Asia (Jinniushan) and Australia (Lake Mungo)
• Hominid evolution: Dispersal of modern humans-out of Africa hypothesis, multiregional hypothesis, partial replacement hypothesis

Anthropology: Unit 03

• Typological model, populational model and clinal model; overview of classification proposed by Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn and Birdsell
• Ethnic classification and distribution of Indian populations: H.H. Risley; B.S. Guha; S.S. Sarkar
• Linguistic distribution of ethnic groups
• Methods of studying human genetics: Cytogenetics, Mendelian genetics, twin genetics, sib pair methods, population genetics, molecular genetics
• Cytogenetics: Cell cycle, standard karyotyping and banding techniques (G, C, and Q), chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescent in-situ hybridization, Lyon's hypothesis, importance of telomere and centromere. Linkage and chromosome mapping, genomic imprinting
• Modes of inheritance: Autosomal (dominant, recessive, codominance), sex linked, sex influenced, sex limited, modifying genes, suppressor genes, selfish gene, multiple allelic inheritance, multifactorial inheritance (stature and skin colour)
• Modes of inheritance: Polygenic (dermatoglyphics-finger-ball pattern types, Dankmeijer index, Furuhata index and pattern intensity index, total finger ridge count, absolute finger ridge count, palmar formula and mainline index, transversality
• Modes of inheritance: Atd angle and flexion creases
• Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, definition, and application; mating patterns (random, assortative and consanguineous), inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolate, genetic drift, genetic distance)
• Population genetics: Genetic polymorphism (balanced and transient)
• Molecular genetics: DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein structure and synthesis, concepts of RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, and SNPs, mitochondrial DNA, genic and genomic mutations

Anthropology: Unit 04

• Definition, concepts
• Basic principles of growth; phases of growth: Prenatal and postnatal (growth and development of different body parts, subcutaneous tissues and physiological variables)
• Growth curves: Velocity, distance, acceleration and Scammon's growth curve. Catch up and catch down growth
• Aging and senescence with special reference to somatic, skeletal and dental maturation
• Factors affecting growth: Genetic and environmental. Secular trends in growth
• Methods of studying human growth: longitudinal, cross-sectional, mixed longitudinal, linked longitudinal
• Body composition: bone mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, segmental fat, body age
• Human adaptation: Allen's and Bergmann's rule; human adaptability programme; human adaptation to heat, cold, high altitude
• Somatotyping: concept, development (Kretschmer, Sheldon, Parnoll, health-carter) and its application
• Demography: Multidisciplinary nature of demography and its relation with other disciplines. Relationship between demography and anthropological demography. Fertility (concept and determinants), morbidity and mortality (concept and determinants)
• Demography: Migration (concept and determinants), selection intensity

Anthropology: Unit 05

• Ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology, environmental archaeology, settlement archaeology, cognitive archaeology, geo-archaeology, action archaeology
• Theoretical paradigms-descriptive to scientific period to interpretative period
• Dating: Typology, seriation, geo-archaeological, obsidian, hydration, chemical dating of bones, oxygen isotope, fluorine estimation, dendrochronology, radio-carbon, fission track, thermo luminescence, potassium-argon, varve clay, cross dating
• Dating: Amino acid racemization, paleomagnetic
• Paleoenvironment: Major geological stages (tertiary, quaternary, pleistocene, holocene). Major climatic changes during pleistocene and post pleistocene periods, glacial and interglacial periods, ice age, pluvial and interpluvial climatic phases
• Paleoenvironment: Evidences of quaternary climatic changes (moraines, varve, river terraces, loess, sea level changes, beach sequences, sea core, fluviatile deposits, palynology, palaeontology). Site formation
• Lithic tool typology and technology: Lower palaeolithic (pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, bifaces, handaxes, and cleavers)
• Lithic tool typology and technology: Middle Palaeolithic (clactonian, levalloisian and mousterian flakes, discoid cores, tortoise core, fluted core, scrapers, point); upper Palaeolithic (blade, knife, blunted back, borer, burin, points)
• Lithic tool typology and technology: Mesolithic (microliths); Neolithic (ring stone, grindstone, Celt, adze)
• Overview of lithic cultures of Europe: Lower palaeolithic-acheulian culture. Middle palaeolithic: Mousterian culture. Upper palaeolithic: Perigordian, chatelperronian, gravettian, aurignacian, solutrian, magdalenian
• Overview of lithic cultures of Europe: Mesolithic-azilian, Tardenoisian, maglemosian, kitchen midden, natufian
• Early farming cultures and neolithic of the near east: Sites like Jericho, Jarmo, Çatal Huyuk, Shanidar

Anthropology: Unit 06

• Pebble tool culture: Soan, Acheulian culture: Madrasian (Kortalayar valley), Attirampakkam, Didwana, Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, Krishna valley. Importance of Hathnora, Narmada valley
• Middle paleolithic period in India: Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Narmada valley
• Upper paleolithic period in India: Renigunta, Billa Surgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Belan valleys, Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan valley
• Mesolithic period in India: Mesolithic economy and society. Post pleistocene environmental changes. Development in microlithic technology, composite tools and bows and arrows. Sites include Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Bagor, Chopani Mando
• Mesolithic period in India: Bhimbetka, Sarai Nahar Rai, Birbhanpur
• Neolithic period in India: Economic and social consequences of food production. Settlements, population growth, craft specializations, class formation and political institutions. Sites like Burzahom, Gufkral, Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli
• Neolithic period in India: Eran, Nevasa, Chandoli, Daimabad, Inamgaon, Prakash, Maski, Brahmagiri, Sanganakallu, Tekkalakota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Daojali Hading, Kuchai, Sarutandu
• Prehistoric cave art from India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh
• Indus civilization: Expansion of village sites. Development of metal technology, art and writing. Architecture and city planning. Stages and theories of decline. Sites like Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi
• Pottery and traditions: Ochre coloured pottery (OCP), black and red ware, painted grey ware (PGW), northern black polished ware (NBP). Distribution of the pottery types and period
• Bronze/ copper age: General characteristics, distribution, people
• Iron age and urban revolution: General characteristics, distribution, people
• Megaliths: Concept and types (menhir, dolmen, topical, cist, cairn circle, sarcophagi)

Anthropology: Unit 07

• Culture: Attributes, holism, universals, acculturation, enculturation, transculturation, culture change, culture shock, cultural relativism, civilization, folk-urban continuum, great and little tradition, cultural pluralism, and world-view
• Society: Groups, institutions, associations, community, status and role. incest. endogamy and exogamy. Rites of passage
• Social institutions: Family-definitions, universality of the family. Typological and processual methods of studying the family. Types of family-conjugal-natal, consanguineal, nuclear, joint, extended. Rules of residence-patrilocal, matrilocal
• Social institutions: Family-rules of residence-ambilocal, bilocal, neolocal, avunculocal, virilocal, amitalocal, uxorilocal. Functions of family, trends of change-urbanization, globalization, industrialization, feminist movements
• Social institutions: Marriage-definition, universality, types and functions (monogamy, polygamy-polyandry, polygyny, hypogamy, hypergamy, levirate, sororate). Preferential and prescriptive types
• Social institutions: Marriage-types and forms of marital transactions, bride price and dowry. Marriage as exchange
• Social institutions: Kinship-definition, descent, kinship terminology, matrilineal puzzle. Joking and avoidance. Moiety, phratry, clan and lineage. Types of kinship systems
• Social institutions: Economic anthropology-definition and relationship with anthropology and economy. Theories (malinowski, formal, substantivist, marxist). Livelihoods, subsistence, principles of production, distribution, consumption
• Social institutions: Economic anthropology-division of labour in hunting-gathering, pastoral, swidden and agricultural communities. Exchange, reciprocity, gifts and barter systems. Kula, potlatch and jajmani-anthropological explanations
• Social institutions: Legal anthropology-anthropology of law, social sanctions
• Social institutions: Political organization-definitions, political processes in band, tribe, chiefdom and state systems. Conflicts and social control. Nations and nation-state, democracy
• Social institutions: Religion and belief systems-definitions, animism, animatism, manaism, bongaism, totemism, taboo. Religious specialists-witch, shaman, priest, medicine-man, sorcerer. Magic-definitions, types, approaches. Rituals
• Social institutions: Social change-basic ideas and concepts (assimilation, integration, syncretism, dominance, and subjugation), approaches

Anthropology: Unit 08

• Evolutionism-Tylor, Morgan, Fraser, Maine, McLennan
• Diffusionism-three schools (Austro-German, British, American)
• Historical particularism-Boas
• Functionalism-Malinowski
• Structural-functionalism-Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan, Parsons
• Structuralism-Levi-Strauss
• Culture and personality/ psychological anthropology-Mead, Benedict, DuBois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting, and child
• Cultural ecology, environmental anthropology, neo-evolutionism (Leslie White, Julian Steward, Marshall Sahlins)
• Cultural materialism-Marvin Harris
• Symbolic anthropology-Victor Turner, Raymond Firth, Mary Douglas
• Cognitive anthropology-Roy D’Andrade, Stephen Tyler, Ward Goodenough
• Deep ethnography, interpretive anthropology-Clifford Geertz
• Anthropology and gender-Leela Dube, Renato Rosaldo, Marilyn Strathern, Zora Neale Hutson
• Postmodernism, poststructuralism, postcolonialism-Foucault, Derrida, Bourdieu
• Ethnicity-Barth, Jeffery, Weber

Anthropology: Unit 09

• Concepts: Social stratification (example caste), scheduled caste (SC), dalit, OBC, nomadic groups. Revivalist/ nativist movements, peasant movements (Malabar and Telangana movements). Tribe, scheduled tribe (ST), particularly vulnerable groups (PVTGs)
• Concepts: Tribal movements (birsa and naga movements), tribal development, distribution. Indian Village and village studies in India (S.C. Dube, McKim Marriott, Weiser, Scarlett Epstein, M.N. Srinivas, F.G. Bailey)
• Concepts: Constitutional safeguards for SC and ST, inclusion and exclusion. Panchayati raj institutions and other traditional community political organizations, self-help groups (SHGs)
• Theoretical ideas: Sanskritization, westernization, modernization, globalization, sacred complex, nature-man-spirit complex
• Early Indian anthropologists and their contributions: G.S. Ghurye, B.S. Guha, S.C. Roy, Iravati Karve, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, M.N. Srinivas, N.K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, D.N. Majumdar, S.R.K. Chopra, Verrier Elwin, S.S. Sarkar, Dharani Sen
• Early Indian anthropologists and their contributions: T.C. Das, P.C. Biswas

Anthropology: Unit 10

• Applied anthropology, action anthropology, engaged anthropology, experimental anthropology, urban anthropology, public anthropology, public archaeology, anthropology of development, medical anthropology, visual anthropology, genomic studies
• Genetic screening and counseling, forensic anthropology, food and nutritional anthropology, ergonomics, kinanthropometry, business anthropology
• Community development projects (rural, urban, and tribal); revisits, re-studies, reinterpretations, intervention, research process and social impact assessment (SIA)
• Anthropological approaches in community studies: Public health, education, nutrition, land alienation, bonded labour, housing, alternative economy, livelihood, gender issues, relief, rehabilitation and relocation, identity crisis, communication
• Anthropological approaches in community studies: Training and management, aging and the aged
• Development strategies (plan/ sub plan)
• Role of NGOs in development
• Anthropology and NGOs
• Empowerment of women, LGBT groups

Commerce: Unit 01

• Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment-economic systems, economic policies (monetary and fiscal policies); political environment-role of government in business; legal environment-consumer protection act, FEMA
• Concepts and elements of business environment: Sociocultural factors and their influence on business; corporate social responsibility (CSR), scope and importance of international business; globalization and its drivers
• Modes of entry into international business, theories of international trade; government intervention in international trade; tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI); types of FDI, costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy, balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
• Regional economic integration: Levels of regional economic integration; trade creation and diversion effects; regional trade agreements: European union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA, international economic institutions: IMF, world bank, UNCTAD
• World trade organization (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; agriculture agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

Commerce: Unit 02

• Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates, partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, death, dissolution, and insolvency of partnership firms, corporate accounting: Issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares; liquidation of companies
• Corporate accounting: Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, and reconstruction of companies, Holding company accounts, cost and management accounting: Marginal costing and break-even analysis; standard costing; budgetary control; process costing
• Cost and management accounting: Activity based costing (ABC); costing for decision-making; life cycle costing, target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT, financial statements analysis: Ratio analysis; funds flow analysis; cash flow analysis
• Human resources accounting; inflation accounting; environmental accounting, Indian accounting standards and IFRS, auditing: Independent financial audit; vouching; verification and valuation of assets and liabilities
• Auditing: Audit of financial statements and audit report; cost audit, recent trends in auditing: Management audit; energy audit; environment audit; systems audit; safety audit

Commerce: Unit 03

• Meaning and scope of business economics, objectives of business firms, demand analysis: Law of demand; elasticity of demand and its measurement; relationship between AR and MR, consumer behaviour: Utility analysis; indifference curve analysis
• Law of variable proportions: Law of returns to scale, theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves, price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; monopolistic competition; oligopoly-price leadership model; monopoly
• Price determination under different market forms: Price discrimination, pricing strategies: Price skimming; price penetration; peak load pricing

Commerce: Unit 04

• Scope and sources of finance; lease financing, cost of capital and time value of money, capital structure, capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
• Working capital management; dividend decision: Theories and policies, risk and return analysis; asset securitization, international monetary system, foreign exchange market; exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
• International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs, International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

Commerce: Unit 05

• Measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, measures of skewness, correlation and regression of two variables, probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’s theorem, probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Research: Concept and types; research designs, data: Collection and classification of data, sampling and estimation: Concepts; methods of sampling-probability and non-probability methods; sampling distribution; central limit theorem
• Sampling and estimation: Standard error; statistical estimation, hypothesis testing: Z-test; t-test; ANOVA; chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); rank correlation test, report writing

Commerce: Unit 06

• Principles and functions of management, organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; span of control, responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization, motivation and leadership: Concept and theories
• Corporate governance and business ethics, human resource management: Concept, role, and functions of HRM; human resource planning; recruitment and selection; training and development; succession planning, compensation management: Job evaluation
• Compensation management: Incentives and fringe benefits, performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal, collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management, personality: Perception; attitudes; emotions; group dynamics
• Personality: Power and politics; conflict and negotiation; stress management, organizational culture: Organizational development and organizational change

Commerce: Unit 07

• Overview of Indian financial system, types of banks: Commercial banks; regional rural banks (RRBs); foreign banks; cooperative banks, reserve bank of India: Functions; role and monetary policy management, banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms
• Banking sector reforms in India: Risk management; NPA management, financial markets: Money market; capital market; government securities market, financial institutions: Development finance institutions (DFIs); non-banking financial companies (NBFCs)
• Financial institutions: Mutual funds; pension funds, financial regulators in India, financial sector reforms including financial inclusion, digitization of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; digital payments systems
• Insurance: Types of insurance-life and non-life insurance; risk classification and management; factors limiting the insurability of risk; reinsurance; regulatory framework of insurance-IRDA and its role

Commerce: Unit 08

• Marketing: Concept and approaches; marketing channels; marketing mix; strategic marketing planning; market segmentation, targeting, and positioning, product decisions: Concept; product line; product mix decisions; product life cycle
• Product decisions: New product development, pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; pricing policies and strategies, promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; promotion methods-advertising; personal selling; publicity
• Promotion decisions: Sales promotion tools and techniques; promotion mix, distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; channel management, consumer behaviour; consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions, service marketing
• Trends in marketing: Social marketing; online marketing; green marketing; direct marketing; rural marketing; CRM, logistics management

Commerce: Unit 09

• Indian contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; capacity of parties; free consent; discharge of a contract; breach of contract and remedies against breach; quasi contracts; special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee
• Special contracts: Contracts of bailment and pledge; contracts of agency, sale of goods act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; doctrine of caveat emptor; rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
• Negotiable instruments act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; negotiation and assignment; dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments, the companies act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; company formation; management
• The companies act, 2013: Meetings and winding up of a joint stock company, limited liability partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India, the competition act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
• The information technology act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; cyber crimes and penalties, the RTI act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions, intellectual property rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks, and copyrights
• Intellectual property rights (IPRs): Emerging issues in intellectual property, goods and services tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; benefits of GST; implementation mechanism; working of dual GST

Commerce: Unit 10

• Income tax: Basic concepts; residential status and tax incidence; exempted incomes; agricultural income; computation of taxable income under various heads; deductions from gross total income; assessment of individuals; clubbing of incomes
• International taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; transfer pricing, corporate tax planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; tax avoidance versus tax evasion; techniques of corporate tax planning
• Corporate tax planning: Tax considerations in specific business situations-make or buy decisions; own or lease an asset; retain, renewal or replacement of asset; shut down or continue operations, deduction and collection of tax at source
• Advance payment of tax; e-filing of income-tax returns

Education: Unit 01

• Contribution of Indian Schools of philosophy (Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism) with special reference to Vidya, Dayanand Darshan; and Islamic traditions towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge
• Contribution of Western schools of thoughts (idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, Marxism, existentialism) and their contribution to education with special reference to information, knowledge, and wisdom
• Approaches to sociology of education (symbolic interaction, structural functionalism, and conflict theory)
• Concept and types of social Institutions and their functions (family, school, and society), concept of social movements, theories of social movements (relative deprivation, resource mobilization, political process theory, and new social movement theory)
• Socialization and education-education and culture; contribution of thinkers (Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo, J.Krishnamurti, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule)
• To the development of educational thought for social change, national values as enshrined in the Indian constitution-socialism, secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom with special reference to education

Education: Unit 02

• Committees and commissions contribution to teacher education, Secondary Education Commission (1953), Kothari Education Commission (1964-66), National Policy of Education (1986, 1992), National Commission on Teachers (1999)
• National curriculum framework 2005, national knowledge commission (2007), Yashpal committee report (2009), national curriculum framework for teacher education (2009), justice Verma committee report (2012)
• Relationship between policies and education, linkage between educational policy and national development, determinants of educational policy and process of policy formulation: Analysis of the existing situation, generation of policy options
• Determinants of educational policy and process of policy formulation: Evaluation of policy options, making the policy decision, planning of policy implementation, policy impact assessment and subsequent policy cycles
• Concept of economics of education: Cost benefit analysis vs. cost effective analysis in education, economic returns to higher education signaling theory vs. human capital theory, concept of educational finance
• Concept of economics of education: Educational finance at micro and macro levels, concept of budgeting
• Relationship between politics and education, perspectives of politics of education liberal, conservative and critical, approaches to understanding politics (behaviouralism, theory of systems analysis and theory of rational choice)
• Education for Political Development and Political Socialization

Education: Unit 03

• Growth and development: Concept and principles, cognitive processes and stages of cognitive development, personality: Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), mental health and mental hygiene
• Approaches to intelligence from unitary to multiple: Concepts of social intelligence, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence theories of intelligence by Sternberg, Gardner, assessment of intelligence
• Approaches to intelligence from unitary to multiple: Concepts of problem solving, critical thinking, metacognition and creativity
• Principles and theories of learning: behaviouristic, cognitive and social theories of learning, factors affecting social learning, social competence, concept of social cognition, understanding social relationship and socialization goals
• Guidance and counselling: Nature, principles, and need, types of guidance (educational, vocational, personal, health, and social and directive, non-directive, and eclectic)
• Guidance and counselling: Approaches to counselling-cognitive behavioural (Albert Ellis-REBT) and humanistic, person-centred counselling (Carl Rogers)-theories of counselling (behaviouristic, rational, emotive, and reality)

Education: Unit 04

• Meaning, nature, and scope of teacher education; types of teacher education programs, the structure of teacher education curriculum and its vision in curriculum documents of NCERT and NCTE at elementary, secondary and higher secondary levels
• Organization of components of pre-service teacher education transactional approaches (for foundation courses) expository, collaborative and experiential learning
• Understanding knowledge base of teacher education from the view point of Schulman, Deng and Luke and Habermas, meaning of reflective teaching and strategies for promoting reflective teaching, models of teacher education-behaviouristic
• Competency-based and inquiry oriented teacher education models
• Concept, need, purpose, and scope of in-service teacher education, organization and modes of in-service teacher education, agencies and institutions of in-service teacher education at district
• State and national levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE, and UGC), preliminary consideration in planning in-service teacher education programme (purpose, duration, resources, and budget)
• Concept of profession and professionalism, teaching as a profession, professional ethics of teachers, personal and contextual factors affecting teacher development, ICT integration, quality enhancement for professionalization of teacher education
• Innovation in teacher education

Education: Unit 05

• Concept and principles of curriculum, strategies of curriculum development, stages in the process of curriculum development, foundations of curriculum planning-philosophical bases (national, democratic), sociological basis (socio-cultural reconstruction)
• Psychological bases (learner’s needs and interests), benchmarking and role of national level statutory bodies-UGC, NCTE and university in curriculum development
• Models of curriculum design: Traditional and contemporary models (academic/ discipline based model, competency based model, social functions/ activities model (social reconstruction), individual needs and interests model, outcome based integrative model
• Models of curriculum design: Intervention model, CIPP model (context, input, process, product model)
• Instructional system, instructional media, instructional techniques and material in enhancing curriculum transaction, approaches to evaluation of curriculum: Approaches to curriculum and instruction (academic and competency based approaches)
• Models of curriculum evaluation: Tyler’s Model, Stakes’ Model, Scriven’s Model, Kirkpatrick’s model
• Meaning and types of curriculum change, factors affecting curriculum change, approaches to curriculum change, role of students, teachers, and educational administrators in curriculum change and improvement
• Scope of curriculum research and types of research in curriculum studies

Education: Unit 06

• Meaning and scope of educational research, meaning and steps of scientific method, characteristics of scientific method (replicability, precision, falsifiability, and parsimony), types of scientific method (exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive)
• Aims of research as a scientific activity: Problem-solving, theory building, and prediction, types of research (fundamental, applied, and action), approaches to educational research (quantitative and qualitative)
• Designs in educational research (descriptive, experimental, and historical)
• Variables: Meaning of concepts, constructs, and variables, types of variables (independent, dependent, extraneous, intervening, and moderator), hypotheses-concept, sources, types (research, directional, non-directional, null), formulating hypothesis
• Characteristics of a good hypothesis, steps of writing a research proposal, concept of universe and sample, characteristics of a good sample, techniques of sampling (probability and non-probability sampling), tools of research-validity
• Reliability and standardisation of a tool, types of tools (rating scale, attitude scale, questionnaire, aptitude test, and achievement test, inventory), techniques of research (observation, interview, and projective techniques)
• Types of measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio), quantitative data analysis-descriptive data analysis (measures of central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits, and graphical presentation of data)
• Testing of hypothesis (type-I and type-II errors), levels of significance, power of a statistical test and effect size, parametric techniques, non-parametric techniques, conditions to be satisfied for using parametric techniques, inferential data analysis
• Use and interpretation of statistical techniques: correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square (equal probability and normal probability hypothesis)
• Qualitative data analysis-data reduction and classification, analytical induction and constant comparison, concept of triangulation
• Qualitative research designs: Grounded theory designs (types, characteristics, designs, steps in conducting a GT research, strengths, and weakness of GT)-narrative research designs (meaning and key characteristics, steps in conducting NR design)
• Qualitative research designs: Case study (meaning, characteristics, components of a CS design, types of CS design, steps of conducting a CS research, strengths and weaknesses)
• Qualitative research designs: Ethnography (meaning, characteristics, underlying assumptions, steps of conducting ethnographic research, writing ethnographic account, strengths and weaknesses)
• Mixed method designs: Characteristics, types of MM designs (triangulation, explanatory, and exploratory designs), steps in conducting a MM designs, strengths and weakness of MM research

Education: Unit 07

• Pedagogy, pedagogical analysis-concept and stages, critical pedagogy-meaning, need and its implications in teacher education, organizing teaching: Memory level (Herbartian model), understanding level (Morrison teaching model)
• Organizing teaching: Reflective level (Bigge and Hunt teaching model), concept of andragogy in education: Meaning, principles, competencies of self-directed learning, theory of andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), the dynamic model of learner autonomy
• Assessment-meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessment of learning)-types of assessment (placement, formative, diagnostic, summative) relations between objectives and outcomes
• Assessment of cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor domains (R.H. Dave) of learning
• Assessment in pedagogy of education: Feedback devices-meaning, types, criteria, guidance as a feedback devices-assessment of portfolios, reflective journal, field engagement using rubrics, competency based evaluation
• Assessment in pedagogy of education: Assessment of teacher prepared ICT resources
• Assessment in andragogy of education-interaction analysis: Flanders’ interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (recording of classroom events, construction, and interpretation of interaction matrix)
• Assessment in andragogy of education-interaction analysis: Criteria for teacher evaluation (product, process, and presage criteria, rubrics for self and peer evaluation (meaning, steps of construction)

Education: Unit 08

• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Information technology, communication technology, and information and communication technology (ICT) and instructional technology, applications of educational technology in formal
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Non formal (open and distance learning), informal and inclusive education systems, overview of behaviourist
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Cognitive and constructivist theories and their implications to instructional design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky)
• Concept of educational technology (ET) as a discipline: Relationship between learning theories and instructional strategies (for large and small groups, formal and non formal groups)
• Systems approach to instructional design, models of development of instructional design (Addie, assure, Dick and Carey model mason’s), Gagne’s nine events of instruction and five E’s of constructivism, nine elements of constructivist instructional design
• Application of computers in education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML, concept, process of preparing ODLM, concept of e learning, approaches to e-learning (offline, online, synchronous, asynchronous, blended learning, mobile learning)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Social learning (concept, use of web 2.0 tools for learning, social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum)
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Open education resources (creative common, massive open online courses; concept and application), e-inclusion-concept of e-inclusion, application of assistive technology in e-learning
• Emerging trends in e-learning: Quality of e-learning-measuring quality of system: Information, system, service, user satisfaction and net benefits (D and M IS success model, 2003), ethical issues for e-learner and e-teacher teaching, learning and research
• Use of ICT in evaluation, administration and research: E-portfolios, ICT for research-online repositories and online libraries, online and offline assessment tools (online survey tools or test generators)-concept and development

Education: Unit 09

• Educational management and administration: Meaning, principles, functions and importance, institutional building, POSDCORB, CPM, PERT, management as a system, SWOT analysis, taylorism, administration as a process, administration as a bureaucracy
• Educational management and administration: Human relations approach to administration, organisational compliance, organisational development, organisational climate
• Leadership in educational administration: Meaning and nature, approaches to leadership-trait, transformational, transactional, value based, cultural, psychodynamic, and charismatic
• Leadership in educational administration: Models of leadership (Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, Fiedler’s contingency model, tri-dimensional model, Hersey and Blanchard’s model, leader-member exchange theory)
• Concept of quality and quality in education: Indian and international perspective, evolution of quality-inspection, quality control, quality assurance, total quality management (TQM), six sigma, quality gurus: Walter Shewhart, Edward Deming, C.K Prahalad
• Change management: Meaning, need for planned change, three step-model of change (unfreezing, moving, refreezing), the Japanese models of change: just-in-time, poka yoke, cost of quality: Appraisal costs, failure costs and preventable costs
• Change management: Cost of quality-cost benefit analysis, cost effective analysis, Indian and international quality assurance agencies: Objectives, functions, roles and initiatives (national assessment accreditation council (NAAC), performance indicators
• Change management: Indian and international quality assurance agencies-quality council of India (QCI), international network for quality assurance agencies in higher education (INQAAHE)

Education: Unit 10

• Inclusive Education: Concept, Principles, Scope and Target Groups (Diverse learners; Including Marginalized group and Learners with Disabilities), Evolution of the Philosophy of Inclusive Education: Special, Integrated, Inclusive Education
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-policies and legislations (national policy of education (1986), programme of action of action (1992), persons with disabilities act (1995), national policy of disabilities (2006), national curriculum framework (2005)
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-concession and facilities to diverse learners (academic and financial), rehabilitation council of India act (1992), inclusive education under sarva shiksha abhiyan (SSA)
• Inclusive education: Legal provisions-features of UNCRPD (united nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities) and its implication
• Concept of impairment, disability and handicap, classification of disabilities based on ICF model, readiness of school and models of inclusion, prevalence, types, characteristics and educational needs of diverse learners’ intellectual
• Physical and multiple disabilities, causes and prevention of disabilities, identification of diverse learners for inclusion, educational evaluation methods, techniques and tools
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: infrastructure, human resource and instructional practices, curriculum and curricular adaptations for diverse learners
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: Assistive and adaptive technology for diverse learners-product (aids and appliances) and process (individualized education plan, remedial teaching), parent professional partnership: Role of parents, peers
• Planning and management of inclusive classrooms: Parent professional partnership-professionals, teachers, school
• Barriers and facilitators in inclusive education: attitude, social and educational, current status and ethical issues of inclusive education in India, research trends of inclusive education in India

Social work: Unit 01

• Social work: Definition, scope, principles, nature, goals, and process
• Historical development: Development of professional social work across the world (UK, USA, and India)
• Social reform and professional social work: Contribution of social reformers in 19th and 20th century in the development of professional social work in India
• Social work as a profession in India: Values, competencies, and code of ethics for the social work practitioner
• Theories: Theories for social work practice
• Changing context of social work practice: Emerging perspectives, trends, and challenges of social work for practice
• Social work practice in various settings: Family, child, and youth welfare, industry, older persons, persons with disabilities, environment, women and welfare, healthcare, and disaster management

Social work: Unit 02

• Sociological concepts: Social structure, social institutions, and social groups, socialization, social control and social change
• Approaches to the study of society: Functionalist, conflict/ dialectical, structuralism, and postmodernism
• Social system and stratification: Major social systems (family and religion), social stratification: Marxist, functionalist, and Weberian approach
• Human behaviour: Normal and abnormal behaviour determinants and life span perspective of human development, development tasks, and hazards during prenatal period, infancy, babyhood, childhood, puberty, adolescence, and adulthood
• Theories of personality: Psychoanalytic theory of personality, behavioral theories and humanistic theories
• Social psychology: Social perception, attitude formation, change, and measurement, communication and theories of collective behaviour
• Type of communities: Rural, urban, tribal and virtual communities, and various vulnerable groups/ sections viz. Women, child, aged, dalits etc; caste and class-their characteristics

Social work: Unit 03

• Basic social case work concepts: Social roles, social functioning, need assessment, adaptation, social environment, person-in environment fit, principles, and components
• Approaches to social case work practice: Diagnostic and functional approach, problem solving, task centered and radical approach
• Process and techniques of social case work: Phases of case work intervention, techniques of case work intervention, principles of interviewing and case work recording
• Social group work: Definition, characteristics, functions, and group structure, classification of groups and making of social groups, issues of identity, diversity, and marginalization
• Social group work process and group dynamics: Principles, determinants, indicators, and outcomes, decision making and problem solving process, theories of leadership, roles and responsibilities of group leaders
• Group development: Stages of group work, techniques, and skills in group work, group climate, communication in groups, use of programme media and group work recording, monitoring, and evaluation
• Practice sites of social case work and social group work: Client groups and various settings (children, correctional, health, women, persons with disabilities, older persons, oppressed groups, religious minorities)
• Practice sites of social case work and social group work: (Persons who are gay and lesbian and other socially and economically disadvantaged groups)

Social work: Unit 04

• Community organization: Concept, definition, scope, and historical perspective in India, UK, and USA, the role of community-based organizations, human capital, and social capital
• Process of community organization: Steps in community organization, methods, principles, skills, assumptions, record maintenance, involving NGOs in community organization
• Approaches in community organization practice-models, strategies, the role of community based organizations, leadership development and leaders, building partnerships and coalitions
• Social action and social movements: Concept, history, social action as a method of social work
• Models of social action: Conscientisation model of Paulo Freire, role of ideology, Saul Alinsky as a radical community organizer, liberation theology
• Social movements: Origin, nature, types of movements, theories of movement and new social movements
• Social movements, social action, and social change: Movement analysis-ideology, structure, leadership, process and outcomes, analysis of ideology and approach of (Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Frantz Fanon)

Social work: Unit 05

• Quantitative research: Basics of social science research-meaning of research, social science and social work research: Meaning, nature, and scope. Steps in social science research: Identifications and formulations of research problem, literature review
• Quantitative research: Steps in social science research-objectives and hypothesis formulation, research design, sample design, sources, methods, and tools of data collection
• Quantitative research: Steps in social science research-processing and analysis of data and writing research reports including presentations and styles of references, citing, and paraphrasing
• Quantitative research: Basic statistical concepts-process of statistical enquiry and dealing with descriptive and inferential statistical methods, parametric, and nonparametric tests
• Qualitative research: Qualitative research-meaning, basic tenets of qualitative research, difference between quantitative and qualitative approach to research in social work
• Qualitative research: Designing qualitative research-steps, methods of qualitative research (field study, case study, focus group discussions, narratives, observation, and theoretic research)
• Qualitative research: Managing qualitative data-procedures and techniques of analyzing qualitative data and report writing
• Mixed method research: Components of mixed methods, procedures of combining quantitative and qualitative research

Social work: Unit 06

• Social welfare administration: Meaning, history, principles, nature, and type of organizations
• Types of administration: Distinction between social welfare administration, public administration, and social security administrations
• Registration of welfare agencies: Laws relating to societies, trust and non-profit organizations, challenges
• Structure of social welfare administration: Service providers, administrative structures (government and non-government), organization and management of institutional welfare services
• Components of administration: Planning, coordination, staff recruitment, training and development, recording and documentation, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation, networking and maintaining pubic relations
• Strategies and mechanisms of administration: Role of social workers in decision making process, communication, role description and functioning, sustainability of programmes
• Fundraising and resource mobilization: Grant-in-aid (principles and procedures), resource mobilization, financial administration and social marketing-process and models

Social work: Unit 07

• Social policy: Concept, goals, scope, context and models of social policy and applicability in Indian context
• Historical development: Evolution and historical perspective of various policies, implementation of social policies especially for marginalized and vulnerable sections of the society
• Process of policy formulation: Determinants and steps, approaches to social policy formulation, impact of changing political scenario in a country
• Social planning; Concept, objectives, scope, models, interrelationship between social and economic planning, social planning in India
• Five year plans: changes in social planning with five years plans in India, social planning and social change, factors leading to development of planning in India. Roles and functions of NITI Aayog
• Social development: Positive and negative dimensions of social development; concept, models and theories, historical and social context of development in India
• Sustainable development: Concept, strategies, critical issues, salient features of social development. Approaches to social development; similarities and differences. strategic development goals
• Sustainable development: Human development index and indicators for policies and programmes

Social work: Unit 08

• Indian constitution: Characteristics, features, preamble, directive principles of state policy and articles
• Social justice: Concept, definition, historical development, dimensions, manifestations and social justice as a core value of social work profession
• Social justice and leadership: Community building, personal, and community empowerment, social justice and technology, promoting a plan and vision for change, reflections and connection, social reconstructions, paradigms, policies, privileges
• Social justice and leadership: Implications of social justice for policy formulation
• Instrument of social justice: Constitutional base and Indian legal system, legal and public advocacy, role of civil society as a pressure group, statutory bodies
• History of human rights: Concept and historical context of human rights, human rights declarations, treaties and conventions, human rights and protection systems, human rights in the Indian context
• Human rights and social work: Code of ethics of social work and protection of human rights, human rights perspective in social work practice, ethnic sensitive practice, feminist practice, social work with diverse groups
• Violation of human rights and social work practice: Social work with the victims of human rights violations and human rights activism. Role of UNHCR, national human rights commission and international human rights agencies

Social work: Unit 09

• Health care social work practice, social work with older persons and persons with disabilities, gender, labour welfare, industrial relations, personnel management and human resource management
• Medical social work and psychiatric social work: Concept, evolution, roles, functions/ responsibilities of medical social workers and psychiatric social workers
• Mental health and disease: Normal and abnormal behaviour, epidemiology, etiology, types, clinical manifestation and management of schizophrenia, mood disorders, neurotic disorders, stress related disorders, somatoform disorders
• Mental health and disease: Child and adolescent mental health problems, legislations related to mental health
• Theories of aging and vulnerability: Psychological and sociological theories of aging, psychological, social, physical needs and problems of older persons. Rights of older persons against neglect, abuse
• Theories of aging and vulnerability: Violence and abandonment and social work interventions
• Persons with disabilities: Models of disability, disability movement-historical perspective, national and international milestones from welfare to right based approach, legislative measures, and social work interventions
• Gender and development: Expressions of gender disparity in education, health, property, employment and livelihood, decision making, feminization of poverty and manifestations of gender based violence
• Gender and development: Constitutional and legislative safeguards and social work interventions
• Labour welfare and human resource management (HRM): Historical background of industrial development as a sub-system of society, concept of labour welfare, nature, objectives, principles, theories, principles of labour welfare, labour legislations
• Labour welfare and human resource management (HRM): Human resource management-concept, scope, evolution, theories, models, sub-systems, human resources development (HRD)-performance management system, types, six sigma, ISO, total quality management
• Labour welfare and human resource management (HRM): Corporate social responsibility (CSR)-concept, issues, practices, models, components, approaches, and corporate governance
• Personnel management and industrial relations: Concept, definition, objectives, scope., functions, determinants and reflectors of industrial relations, models of industrial relations, globalization and industry
• Personnel management and industrial relations: International labour organization (ILO) role, functions; collective bargaining, job analysis, manpower planning, organization behaviour and organization development interventions

Social work: Unit 10

• Social defence and correctional services, social work with families and children, environment and social work, social work, and disaster management
• Social defence: Concept, philosophy, and changing dimensions, children in need of care and protection, juveniles in conflict with law, street and working children and young offenders, probation and parole. Emerging issues in social defence
• Legislations and criminal justice system: Juvenile justice (care and protection of children) act, 2000, immoral traffic prevention act, 1986, probation of offenders act, 1958, beggary prevention act, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substance act, 1986
• Legislations and criminal justice system: Prison act, and criminal justice system
• Social work with families: Functions, developmental stages and family patterns, family dynamics and theoretical models of family functioning (circumflex model, MCmaster model and structural model) and social work interventions
• Child development: Concept, philosophy and historical context, state of children in India-demographic profile, education, and protection
• Policies and programmes for children: Constitutional provisions, national policy on children, international perspective and un convention on rights of children, programmes and legislative measures related to female feticide, adoption, foster care
• Policies and programmes for children: Guardianship and child marriage and social work interventions
• Environment and social work: Causes and consequences, differential impact on women, poor, marginalized groups and indigenous populations. Environment in the human rights perspective. Environmental movements and social work interventions in the management
• Environment and social work: Protection and promotion of the environment
• Social work and disaster management: Disaster related concept and definitions-hazard, risk, vulnerability and disaster, different forms of natural and manmade disasters. Impact of disaster and disaster management initiatives
• Social work and disaster management: Pre and post disaster interventions

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 01

• Defence and strategic studies: Assumptions and approaches
• The concepts of nation: State and nation-state, theories, and elements of state, national power and its components
• Key Concepts of National Security: Defining National Security, National Defence and National Interest, National Character and Evolution-of the National Security concept in the 20th Century and Beyond
• National security concerns of major powers, middle powers and small powers
• National security structures: Armed forces, intelligence agencies, police forces, decision-making structures, etc
• National security environment: Internal and external
• Defence, foreign, security and domestic policies; concept formulation, objectives, and linkages
• Military alliances and pacts, peace treaties, defence cooperation, strategic partnership and security dialogue
• Non-alignment, balance of power, collective security and balance of terror-concept, development and relevance
• Deterrence and detente: Concept and contemporary relevance

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 02

• Contribution of Sun Tzu, Kautilya, Machiavelli, Jomini, Carl Von Clausewitz, general Giulio Douhet, W. Mitchell, J.F.C. Fuller, Capt. B.H. Liddell Hart, Marx, Lenin, Mao Zedong And Che Guevara
• Nuclear deterrence: Andre Beaufre, Henry Kissinger and k. Subrahmanyam
• Thoughts of Gandhi and Nehru on peace, security and development

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 03

• Theories and causes of war
• Principles of war
• Contemporary warfare: Conventional warfare in nuclear age, limited war, revolutionary warfare, low intensity operations, guerilla warfare, insurgency and counter-insurgency
• Armaments: Arms race, arms aid, arms trade, arms proliferation, proliferation of small arms, military alliances and pacts, peace treaties, defence cooperation, strategic partnership and security dialogue
• Terrorism: Concept and kinds (national, international, and cross border)
• Conflicting ideologies: Militarism, nationalism, fundamentalism, separatism, irredentism
• Concept and elements of deterrence: Nuclear and conventional
• Evolution of Global Nuclear Doctrines, Democratic Peace Theory

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 04

• Basic concepts and theory: (i) Concepts of disarmament and arms control, (ii) objectives and conditions of disarmament, (iii) elements of arms control mechanisms: Agreements, verification, inspection, control
• Basic concepts and theory: (iv) Approaches to disarmament and arms control
• Historical survey of disarmament efforts: (i) Under the league of nations, (ii) under the united nations, (iii) unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches, (iv) role of non-aligned nations in disarmament negotiations
• Weapons of mass destruction: Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons
• Nuclear arms limitation nuclear arms control treaties
• Chemical weapons convention and biological weapons convention, concept of non-proliferation, NPT, CTBT, PTBT MTCR FMCT, and other treaties
• Nuclear export control regimes, new challenges and responses-missile defense, cooperative threat reduction and G-7 global partnership, disarmament and arms control and economic development, terrorism and nuclear proliferation
• Concept of star wars and NMD

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 05

• End of cold war and emergence of new world order
• Proliferation of military, nuclear and missile capabilities, environmental issues: Climate change and global warming, desertification, acid rains, industrial pollution, deforestation
• Organized crimes: Money laundering, NARCO-trafficking, human trafficking and small arms proliferation
• Migrants and refugees: (a) Causes, (b) illegal migration and border management, (c) problem in south Asia, (d) role of international committee of red cross and un high commission for refugees
• Global security concerns: Palestinian-Israeli conflict and Arab spring, developments in central Asian republics (CARS), rise of fundamentalism, challenges in Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and power rivalry in South China Sea
• Problem of system of governance and human rights, food security, energy security and water security problems in modern era
• Millennium development goals

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 06

• Genesis of Sino-Indian relations, the boundary dispute, Sino- Pakistan nexus, OBOR and CPEC, China and India- military balance, Chinese policy towards south Asia
• Rise of India and china: Cooperation and competition, Chinese interests in Indian ocean and South China sea, Strategic dimension of India-Pakistan relations: Genesis of India-Pakistan conflict, Indo-Pak military balance, the Kashmir question
• Strategic dimension of India-Pakistan relations: Pakistan sponsored terrorism, Pakistan's nuclear strategy, the powers structure of Pakistan, contentious. Issues: Siachen, sir creek, river waters, etc
• India and south Asia: Issues and challenges for regional cooperation
• Making of India's defence policy since independence: (a) Threat perception, assessment and preparedness, (b) political and military lessons of 1948, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1999 Wars, (c) future trends
• India's look east and act east policies, Indo-Pacific cooperation, strategic partnerships
• India's maritime security and strategy in 21st century: (a) Indian ocean, (b) Asia-pacific region, (c) security of sea lanes, India's maritime strategy for the 21st century
• India's defence doctrines and strategies including nuclear doctrine, higher defence organization of India

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 07

• Origin, type, and structure of conflict
• Ideologies and international conflicts
• Role of United Nations in conflict management and restructuring of UNO, techniques of conflict prevention
• Conflict management: Pacific solutions of international disputes, coercive methods
• International humanitarian laws and laws of armed conflicts
• Confidence building measures: Concept, kinds, and utility
• IGOs and NGOs in conflict resolution: Peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding
• Gandhian philosophy on peace and non-violence, Nehruvian approach to national security and cooperation

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 08

• Basic concept and meaning of disaster, introduction to terminologies associated with disaster and national security: Natural and manmade, vulnerability, risk, etc., identifying various types of disasters
• Natural disaster and human induced disaster: Floods, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami-WMD disaster, disaster associated with various industries
• Study of disaster in India/ around the world: Case studies-Tsunami 2004, Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl, Fukushima, Uttarakhand, etc
• Disaster management: Meaning, association and distinction with related concepts like disaster mitigation, response, and recovery, relief, and reconstruction
• Institutional Mechanism for Disaster Management in India: Role of Armed Forces, Central and State Governments, NGO, National Disaster Management Authority, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 09

• Economic theories of defence
• Sustainable development: Challenges and responses
• Basics of defence planning, determinants of defence expenditure
• Defence budgeting
• Economic causes of war
• Economic warfare in modern times
• Economic problems of post war reconstruction
• National security and international trade regimes (WTO, TRIPS, TRIMS, FTA'S NAFTA, SAPTA, and NSG)
• India's role in regional and global economic forums and organizations
• Geoeconomics and its implications for global/ regional economic stability

Defence and strategic studies: Unit 10

• Broad survey of technological changes from industrial revolution to information revolution
• India's civil nuclear and space programs, India's energy scenario
• Research and development: (a) Relevance of science and technology in national security. (b) Impact of information technology; revolution in military affairs (RMA). (c) Choice of weapon systems
• Impact of economic liberalization and globalization: (a) Defence production in India (role of DPSU’S and ordnance factories). (b) Defence and development and peace and development dichotomies
• Issues of mobilization of resources during war and peace
• Military industrial complexes
• Transfer of technology: Dual use and critical technologies and their impact on national security
• Interdependence and Cooperation at Regional and Global levels
• Cyber security: Vulnerabilities of information technology and internet, need and importance of cyber security, different kinds of cyber security vulnerabilities, cyber wars including propaganda, measures for cyber security-technology
• Cyber security: Measures for cyber security-laws and regulations, global issues in cyber security
• Social media and its impact on national security-global reach with rapid speed for propaganda and indoctrinate misinformation and rumour mongering cadre recruitment and use of social networking sites for mobilizing public opinion

Home science: Unit 01

• Food science and nutrition
• Properties of food-physical and chemical properties
• Quality evaluation of foods-objectives and subjective
• Effects of cooking and processing techniques on nutritional components, and other physical parameters, food preservation and application
• Food pigments and additives
• Food standards, microbiological safety of food, HACCP, food packaging
• Perspectives of food service-menu planning, food cost analysis
• New product development-nanotechnology
• Food service management of institutional level-hospital, educational institutions, social and special institutions
• Research methods-fundamental issues, concept, need relevance, scope, and ethics in research

Home science: Unit 02

• Food groups-balanced diet, food pyramid, macro and micro nutrition
• Nutrients-role of nutrients in the body, nutrient deficiencies and requirements for Indians
• Public health nutrition
• Nutrition through life span-physiological changes, growth and development from conception to adolescence, nutritional needs and dietary guidelines for adequate nutrition through life cycle, nutrition concerns
• Community nutrition, sports nutrition, nutrition in emergencies and disasters
• Nutritional assessment-methods and techniques
• Nutritional intervention-national nutrition policies and programmes, food and nutrition security
• Clinical and therapeutic nutrition
• Diet counseling and management
• Research methods-research designs, principles, and purpose of research

Home science: Unit 03

• Textile terminologies-fiber, yarn, weave, fabric, etc, classification of fibers, yarns and weaves, identification of fibers and weaves
• Manufacturing process of major natural and manmade fibers, properties, and their end uses
• Different methods of fabric construction-woven, knitted and non woven fabrics, their properties, and end uses
• Textiles finishes-classification, processing, and purposes of finishes
• Dyeing and printing-classification, method of block printing, tie and dye, batik, roller printing, screen printing, discharge, heat transfer printing and digitized printing
• Traditional textiles of India-embroidered textiles, printed textiles, woven textiles, dyed textiles of various regions in India
• Identification on the basis of fiber content, technique, motif, colour, and designed
• Textile testing and quality control-need of testing, sampling method, techniques of testing fibers, yarn, fabrics and garments
• Testing of colour-fastness, shrinkage, pilling, and GSM of fabrics
• Textile and environment-banned dyes, eco-friendly textiles, contamination and effluent treatment, eco-label and eco marks
• Recent developments in textiles and apparels-nano textiles, technical textiles, occupational clothing, zero waste designing, upcycling and recycling
• Research methods-types of research, descriptive, survey, historical, qualitative, quantitative, analytical and action research

Home science: Unit 04

• Body measurements-procedure, need, figure types and anthropometry
• Equipments and tools used for manufacturing garments-advancements and attachments used for sewing machine
• Types of machines used and their parts
• Elements and principles of design and its application to apparel
• Illustrations and parts of garments
• Fashion-terminologies, fashion cycle, fashion theories, fashion adoption, fashion forecasting and factors affecting fashion
• Pattern making-drafting, draping and flat pattern making techniques, pattern alteration and dart manipulation techniques
• Apparel manufacturing-terminology used, seams, techniques, and machines used, process of fabric to apparel manufacture
• Apparel quality testing-quality standards and specification, quality parameters and defects of fabrics, and garments
• Care and maintenance of clothing-principles of washing, laundry agents, storage techniques case labels and symbols
• Selection of clothing for different age groups
• Selection of fabrics for different and uses
• Research methods-hypothesis testing, types, and scope

Home science: Unit 05

• Management-concept, approaches, management of time, energy, money, space, motivating factors, motivation theories, decision making
• Functions of management-planning, supervision, controlling, organizing, evaluation, family life cycle-stages, availability and use of resources
• Resources-classification, characteristics, factors affecting use, resource conservation, time management, work simplification techniques, classes of change, fatigue and its management
• Management of natural resources-land, forest, water, air, water harvesting, municipal solid waste management, concept of sustainable development, SDGs
• Money management-family income, types, supplementation, budgeting, household accounts, family savings and investment, tax implications
• Human resource management-functions, need, human resource development challenges, functions, manpower planning, training need assessment, training methodologies, training evaluation
• Consumer-definition, role, rights and responsibilities, consumer behaviour, consumer problems, education and empowerment
• Consumer protection-consumer organization, cooperatives, alternative redressal, standardization, standard marks, quality control, buying aids, consumer legislation
• Entrepreneurship-concept, process, barriers, entrepreneurial motivation, challenges, enterprise setting, project planning and appraisal, enterprise management
• Research methods-sampling techniques, types of sampling, sampling procedures, probability and non probability sampling

Home science: Unit 06

• Design fundamentals-elements of art, principles of design, principles of composition
• Colour-dimensions of colour, psychological effects of colour, colour schemes, factors affecting use of colour
• Space planning and design-housing need and important, principles of planning spaces, types of house plans, economy in construction, planning for different income groups
• Building regulations-norms and standards, zoning, housing for special groups and areas, housing finance
• Housing and environment-building materials-impact on environment, green rating systems, energy efficiency in buildings, energy auditing, indices of indoor comfort
• Energy as a resource-conventional and non-conventional sources, renewable/ nonrenewable energy, energy management, national efforts on energy conservation
• Product design-design thinking process, diffusion and innovation, design communication, ergonomic considerations
• Ergonomics-significance, scope, anthropometry, man, machine, environment relationship, factors affecting physiological cost of work, body mechanics, functional design of workplace, time and motion study, energy studies
• Furniture and furnishing-historical perspectives, architectural styles, contemporary tends, wall finishes, window and window treatments
• Research methods-selection and preparation of tools for data collection questionnaire, interview, observation, measuring scales, ranking and measurement, reliability and validity of tools

Home science: Unit 07

• Principles of growth and development, care during pregnancy, and pre-natal and neonatal development
• Theories of human development and behaviour
• Early childhood care and education-activities to promote holistic development
• Influence of family, peers, school, community, and culture on personality development
• Children and persons with special needs, care and support, special education, prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation
• Children at risk-child labour, street children, children of destitute, orphans, child abuse and trafficking
• Adolescence and youth: Changes, challenges, and programs to promote optimal development
• Adulthood, characteristics, changing roles, and responsibilities in early and middle adulthood
• Aging-physical and psychological changes and care needs
• Research methods-types of variables and their selection

Home science: Unit 08

• Dynamics of marriage and family relationships
• Family welfare-approaches, programmes, and challenges, role in national development
• Domestic violence, marital disharmony, conflict, resolution of conflict
• Parent education, positive parenting, community education
• Family disorganization, single parent families
• Family studies-family in crisis, family therapy, initiatives for child development
• Human rights, rights of children, rights of women, status of women, gender roles
• Guidance and counseling-across lifespan and for caregivers
• Health and well being across life span development
• Research methods-data collection and classification, coding, tabulation, inferential and descriptive statistics

Home science: Unit 09

• Basics of communication-nature, characteristics, functions, process, models, elements, principles, barriers, perception, persuasion and empathy, types of communication, levels (settings) of communication transactions, process of listening
• Communication systems and communication theories-human interaction theories, mass communication theories, message design theories, communication systems, culture, and communication
• Concept of development-theories, models, measurement, and indicators of development
• Concept of development-communication models and approaches, diffusion and innovation, mass media, social marketing
• Role of communication in development-need and importance, development journalism, writing for development-print, radio, television, and internet
• Concerns of development communication-gender, health, environment, sustainability, human rights, population, literacy, rural and tribal development
• Advocacy and behaviour change communication-concept, theories, models, approaches, application and challenges
• Traditional, modern and new media for development-folk forms of songs, art, dance, theatre, puppetry, advertisement, cinema, ICTs for development-community radio, participatory video, social media and mobile phones
• Organization/ agencies/ institutes working for development communication international/ national/ state and local
• Research methods-analysis of data through parametric and non parametric tests

Home science: Unit 10

• Historical perspectives of extension-genesis of extension education and extension systems in India and other countries, objectives of extension education and extension service, philosophy and principles of extension programme development
• Programme management-need assessment, situation analysis, planning, organization, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
• Extension methods and materials-interpersonal, small and large group methods, audio visual aids-need, importance, planning, classification, preparation and field testing, use and evaluation of audio visual materials
• Curriculum development and planning for extension education and development activities, Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives and learning
• Non-Formal, adult and lifelong education-historical perspectives, concept, theories, approaches, scope, methods and materials used, challenges of implementation and evaluation, issues to be addressed
• Training, skill development and capacity building for human resource development methods of training, entrepreneurship development
• Community development-perspectives, approaches, community organization, leadership, support structures for community development, Panchayati Raj institutions, NGOs and community based organisations
• People’s participation and stakeholders’ perspectives, Participatory Learning and Action-methods and techniques
• Development programmes in India for urban, rural, and tribal population groups programmes for nutrition, health, education, wage and self employment, women’s development, skill development, sanitation and infrastructure
• Research methods-scientific report writing, presentation of data, interpretation and discussion

Public administration: Unit 01

• Public administration-meaning, nature, scope, and significance; evolution and present status of the discipline; politics administration dichotomy; globalization and public administration; paradigm shift from government to governance
• Principles of organization: Division of work; hierarchy; coordination; unity of command; span of control; authority, power and responsibility; delegation, centralization and decentralization; line, staff and auxiliary agencies; leadership and supervision
• Principles of organization: Decision-making and communication
• Meaning, nature, and scope of personnel administration: Classification, recruitment, training, promotion, compensation and service conditions, discipline, civil service neutrality, anonymity and commitment, professional associations, and unionism

Public administration: Unit 02

• Approaches to the study of public administration: Oriental-Kautilya; classical-F.W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber, Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick; human relations-Elton Mayo, Mary Parker Follett; behaviouralism-Chester Barnard, Herbert Simon
• Motivation-Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg, Douglas McGregor; organizational humanism-Chris Argyris, Rensis Likert; writers on administration: Dwight Waldo, Ferrel Heady, Robert Golembiewski and Peter Drucker; Minnowbrook perspective
• Writers on administration: New public service and postmodernism

Public administration: Unit 03

• Evolution-ancient, Mughal and British periods; constitutional framework: Parliamentary and federal features
• Union government: President; prime minister and council of ministers; cabinet committees; central secretariat; cabinet secretariat; and prime minister office
• Election commission and electoral reforms, Union State Relations
• Accountability: Legislative; Executive; and Judicial
• Citizen grievance redressal mechanism: Lokpal; Lokayukta; Central Vigilance Commission, and regulatory authorities
• Issue areas: Politician and civil Servant relations, generalists and specialists debate and combating corruption
• Civil Services: Classification-all India services, central services, and state services; recruitment agencies-union public service commission
• Civil Services: State public service commissions and other commissions and boards: capacity building of civil servants and civil service reforms
• Planning: Planning commission, national development council, NITI aayog, state planning commissions/ boards and planning departments
• Judiciary: Indian constitution and independence of judiciary-supreme court; high courts; judicial review and public interest litigation and judicial reforms. Police administration and reforms. E-Governance initiatives in Indian administration

Public administration: Unit 04

• Constitutional framework of state administration-state legislature; governor-role and functions; chief minister-powers and functions; council of ministers; role and functions of chief secretary; state secretariat; directorates and commissionerate
• District administration-concept and evolution, district collector-power, functions and changing role; autonomous district councils-structure, powers and functions, district rural development agency; evolution of local governance in India
• Local governance: 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment acts-state election commission; state finance commission; district planning committee; rural governance-gram sabha, gram panchayats, panchayat samitis and Zila parishads, finance in PRIs
• Local governance: Personnel administration at local level; policies and programmes of rural development-MGNREGA
• Growth of urbanization, urban governance-structure, composition, functions of municipal corporations, municipal councils, nagar panchayats and metropolitan governance-sources of finance; personnel administration
• Reforms in urban governance-solid waste management, smart and AMRUT cities

Public administration: Unit 05

• Comparative public administration: Concept, nature, scope, and significance of comparative public administration; public administration and its environment
• Approaches and methods to the study of comparative administration: Institutional, behavioural, structural-functional, ecological, and systems approaches
• Fred Riggs’s typology of societies and features; problems of comparative research; comparative studies-influence of globalization; salient features of the administrative systems of UK, USA, France, and Japan
• Development administration: Development and its dimensions. Development and modernization; approaches to development-sustainable development and anti-development; sustainable development goals (SDGs)
• Development administration: Concept, nature, scope, objectives, features and significance; ecology of development administration, contribution of Fred Riggs, Dwight Waldo and Edward Widener; role of bureaucracy in development
• Development administration: Globalization and development administration; emergence of non-state actors in development administration; public-private partnerships; corporate social responsibility, human development indicators, and social audit

Public administration: Unit 06

• Economic policies-mixed economy to liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG); new economic policy (NEP); industrial policy since independence; government in business-public enterprises concept, growth and forms of public enterprises
• Management, problem of accountability, and autonomy; disinvestment policies
• Financial administration: Public finance-revenue and expenditure: Nature, scope, and significance of financial administration; budget-meaning, purpose, and significance; budgetary process-preparation, enactment and execution
• Financial administration: Types of budget-PPBS, performance budget, zero-based budget, and gender budget; fiscal responsibility and budget management act (FRBMA) and sunset legislation
• Fiscal federalism-union-state financial relations, finance commission
• Financial control-legislature and executive; parliamentary committees and comptroller and auditor general of India
• Taxation policies-principles of taxation-progressive and proportional taxation-reforms in taxation policies

Public administration: Unit 07

• Concept of social welfare, social justice and social change; concept of equity and inclusiveness in social justice; concept of affirmative action-reservations; institutional arrangement for social welfare and social justice administration
• NGOs, civil societies and voluntary agencies; policies, programmes and institutional framework for the protection and welfare of SCs/ STs/ OBCs/ women/ children, aged, differently-abled (divyang) and minorities commissions-women, SC/ ST
• Minority-role and functions
• Disaster management-nature and types of disaster; institutional arrangements for disaster management; role of state and non-state actors

Public administration: Unit 08

• Nature, scope, and Importance of public policy; evolution of public policy and policy sciences; public policy and public administration
• Approaches to public policy-process approach, logical positivism, phenomenological approach, participatory, and normative approaches
• Theories and models of policy making-Harold Lasswell, Charles Lindblom, Yehezkel Dror
• Institutions of policy making-legislature, executive, and judiciary
• Types of policy analysis-empirical, normative, retrospective and prospective, prescriptive and descriptive
• Policy implementation, outcomes, and evaluation
• Constraints on public policy-socioeconomic, political, institutional, and cultural
• Role of media, public opinion, civil society, and pressure groups on policy making

Public administration: Unit 09

• Ancient discourse-Kautilya, Plato, and Aristotle on good governance; elements and forms of good governance; theories and concepts of governance-world bank and UNDP; state, market and civil society, public choice theory, new public management
• Public value theory, governance as theory, governance, and public governance
• Networking and collaborative governance, business process re-engineering, ICT and governance, e-government and e-governance, e-readiness and digital divide
• Accountability, openness, and transparency; gender and governance
• Citizen and governance: Civil society-role and limitations, citizen participation, right to information-RTI act and administrative reforms, national information commission, citizen charter-concept, objectives, and significance
• Ethics and public accountability in governance: rule of law and administrative law, delegated legislation and administrative adjudication
• Ethical foundations of governance: Constitutional values, family, society, and education

Public administration: Unit 10

• Social science research-meaning and significance; distinction between methodology and method; facts and values in research; role of research in theory-building; scientific method; objectivity in social research; types of research
• Identification of research problem; hypotheses and null hypotheses; validation of hypothesis; research design; methods of data collection-primary and secondary sources-(observation; questionnaire and interview, use of library, and internet)
• Sampling and sampling techniques; scales of measurement; analysis of data and use of computers in social science research-SPSS; citation patterns and ethics of research; bibliography; report writing

Population studies: Unit 01

• History, definition, nature and scope of population studies, relationship of other social sciences with population studies, social structure, social and racial groups, society and culture and its role in population studies
• Social institutions (family, marriage, kinship, and religion) and their role in influencing population studies, social change in India, tribes in India and their culture
• Social-psychological concepts and its relevance to population studies, communication concepts, processes and its relevance in context of population studies
• Population trends, global variation in population size and growth, history of population in India, current population scenario and demographic profile of India and states
• Basic demographic concepts, components of population change
• Sources of population data: Population census-history of population; definition and scope Indian census: Historical background, coverage, features and uses
• Strengths and weaknesses of various data sources in India, vital statistics: Historical background, civil registration system in India-history, coverage, problems of civil registration, Sample Registration System (SRS), advantages and limitations
• Population surveys: Meaning, scope, uses, limitations; major surveys: National Sample Surveys (NSS), World Fertility Survey (WFS), Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), Reproductive and Child Health Survey (RCHS)
• National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), Comprehensive Nutrition Survey; Aging Survey
• Data appraisal (evaluation and adjustment of data): Types and sources of errors in population data, adjustment in age data-whipple’s index, myer’s index, United Nations, age sex accuracy index-assumptions, applications and limitations
• Data appraisal (evaluation and adjustment of data): Completeness of vital registration data, Chandrasekharan-deming formula
• Smoothing of age data

Population studies: Unit 02

• Rates, ratio, proportion, percentages, density, incidence and prevalence, person-years, rate of population growth: Arithmetic, geometric and exponential growth rates, decadal growth rate doubling time
• Concept of population stabilization and net reproduction rate unity crude and standardized methods for fertility and mortality estimates
• Location of event in time and the lexis diagram
• Method of population projection: Mathematical methods of population projection (linera, exponential, polynomial, Gompertz and logistic growth curves for population projection); component method of population projection; sub-national population projection
• Method of population projection: Projection methods of labour force, school enrolment, workforce and households, etc
• Population projections by United Nations, World Bank and expert committee of government of India, population estimates: Intercensal/ postcensal estimates of population, population pyramid
• Population and sample parameters, sampling distribution of mean and standard error
• Statistical methods: Frequency distribution, descriptive and inductive statistics, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode); measures of dispersion (range, variance and standard deviation); correlation and linear regression
• Statistical methods: Introduction to testing of statistical hypothesis and test of significance, interpolation and extrapolation

Population studies: Unit 03

• Spatial and temporal changes in the size and distribution of population-global perspective with focus on India age and sex structure of population in developed and developing countries
• Composition of India’s population: Demographic, social, economic and cultural factors affecting age-sex structure of population and its relevance in population dynamics: Global and India perspectives
• Spatial distribution of population: Measures of concentration of population: Density, distribution-dissimilarity index, tempo of urbanization, rank-size rule, Gini concentration ratio, Lorenz curve, etc
• Factors affecting spatial distribution, density and concentration of population-global, national, regional patterns
• Population ageing: Concepts and measures of population ageing, components of population ageing. Trends and pattern of ageing in India and states
• Demographic dividend, sex-ratio, sex-ratio at birth, child-women ratio, median age, agesex pyramid, dependency ratio (child dependency ratio, old dependence ratio, total dependency ratio)
• Social, economic and health aspects of ageings; living arrangements, family support, dependency; emerging issues related to elderly

Population studies: Unit 04

• Nuptiality: Concepts and sources of data; measures-crude marriage rate, age specific marriage rates, order specific marriage rates, singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM)
• Nuptiality: a. Singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM)-synthetic cohort and decadal synthetic cohort method. b. Indices of nuptiality (coale’s indices)
• Nuptiality: Marriage patterns in India-levels, trends and differentials in age at marriage, divorce, widowhood, widow remarriage, levels and trends in widowhood in India and states, impact of changes in widowhood/ divorce on fertility
• Nuptiality: Mean age of widowhood/ divorce from census data
• Fertility: Basic concepts and terms used in study of fertility. Fertility indicators: Sources of data and their computation, cross-sectional or period indicators: Crude birth rate (CBR), general fertility rate (GFR), age specific fertility rate (ASFR)
• Fertility: Cross-sectional or period indicators-age specific marital fertility rate (ASMFR), total marital fertility rate (TMFR), total fertility rate (TFR), gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (NRR), replacement level fertility
• Fertility: Cross-sectional or period indicators-birth order statistics, child women ratio, order specific fertility measures
• Fertility: Cohort indicators-children ever born, completed family size. Age standardization or adjustment, direct and indirect standardized birth rates, sex-age adjusted birth rate
• Fertility: Levels, trends and differentials of fertility in India, determinants of fertility-postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA), breast feeding, sterility, fecundity and other factors
• Fertility: Framework of fertility analysis-davis and blake intermediate variable framework, bongaarts proximate determinants, lee and bulatoo framework of fertility
• Fertility: Indirect methods of estimation of fertility-Coale-Trussell model for age pattern of fertility, reverse survival technique of fertility estimation, rele technique, P/F ratio technique, brass P1/ F1 ratio technique
• Fertility: Fertility transition in developed and developing countries with special reference to India, implications of below replacement level of fertility

Population studies: Unit 05

• Mortality: Basic concept, definitions and measures of pregnancy wastage (miscarriage, abortion, fetal death, still birth), live birth; early, late and post neonatal deaths; infant and child death
• Mortality: Mortality indicators-crude death rate (CDR), age specific death rate (ASDR), infant mortality rate (IMR), under-five mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, post-natal mortality rate; maternal mortality rate (MMR)
• Mortality: Infant mortality-levels and determinants of infant and child mortality in India, causes of infant mortality (endogenous and exogenous). Mosley and chen framework for child survival
• Mortality: Sources of mortality data and its quality-measures of mortality, need and importance of the study of mortality for policy and public interventions; relative merits and demerits of mortality measures
• Mortality: Levels and trends in mortality by developed and developing regions with special reference to india, age and sex specific mortality, differentials in mortality by place of residence and socio-economic characteristics
• Mortality: Factors responsible for high mortality in the past and reasons for mortality decline in developing countries. Indirect method of estimation of infant and child mortality rates, direct and indirect standardization of mortality rates
• Mortality: Life table-basic concepts, types and forms of life tables and model life table, need of model life table (MLT), un model life table, computation of life table, construction of life table based on age-specific deaths rates (ASDR)
• Mortality: Life table-underlying assumptions of life table construction using ASDRS of community during specified period, use of life table application of life table in demographic analysis
• Morbidity: Concepts and definitions of health and morbidity; sources of data and measures of morbidity
• Morbidity: Morbidity indicators-incidence, prevalence and case-fatality ratio. Overview of epidemiological transition in developed and developing countries with special reference to India
• Health: Reproductive health-definition, rationale, approach, evolution of ideas about reproductive health; maternal morbidity, emergency obstetric care, adolescent reproductive morbidity, strategies to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in India
• Health: Reproductive health-abortion related issues
• Health: Reproductive tract infection (RTI)/ sexually transmitted infection (STI), HIV/ AIDS and their implications. Reproductive rights and ethical issues
• Health: Causes of deaths statistics-definition and sources of causes of death statistics, introduction to international classification of diseases (ICD-X (1990), global leading causes of death with special reference to Asia and India
• Health: Causes of deaths statistics-distribution of deaths by main causes and by age, life expectancy
• Health: Burden of disease estimates-need for the study of burden of disease; basic concepts; measures of burden of disease; and current scenario of burden of disease in India by states/ UTs
• Health: Ageing and burden of diseases, life expectancy and disability free life expectancy

Population studies: Unit 06

• Urbanization: Concept and definition of ‘urban’ in India and other countries. Process of urbanization, measures and sources of data. Inter-relationship between urbanization and migration in developed and developing countries
• Urbanization: Trends, patterns, characteristics and differentials of urbanization in India. Classification of settlements, characteristic, evolution and growth, morphology, land use patterns and functions, spatial organisations
• Urbanization: Principles of centrality and hierarchy, methods of measuring centrality, central place region, contribution of Christaller and Losch. Urbanisation and urban change-changing distribution of world’s urban population
• Urbanization: Urbanisation and urban change-principles and causes of urban growth, urban hierarchy (rank size rule), characteristics of primate city, cycle of urbanization, economic and social theories of formation of urban centres
• Urbanization: Urbanisation and urban change-stages of urban development models, demographic and social change in post World War-II urban system in developed and developing countries
• Urbanization: Socioeconomic and environmental consequences of urbanization and urban growth in developed and developing countries-employment, urban informal sector, basic amenities, housing, health, education, elderly population, environment
• Urbanization: Socioeconomic and environmental consequences of urbanization and urban growth in developed and developing countries-sustainability, smart cities, and urban future
• Urbanization: World cities-hierarchy of world cities, growth and activities of the institutions of global capital
• Migration: Basic concepts and definitions-circulation, mobility, commutation and migration. Sources of data-nature, coverage and limitations of the available data. Types of migration: Internal and international trends
• Migration: Types of migration-Patterns and differentials of internal and international migration. Determinants and consequences of internal and international migrations. Refugees-issues and implications
• Migration: Direct and indirect measures of migration-estimation of lifetime and inter, censal migration rates from census data, indirect measures of net internal migration using vital statistics method, national growth rate method
• Migration: Direct and indirect measures of migration-census and life table survival ratio methods, methods of estimating international migration
• Migration: Theories of internal and international migration-Ravenstein, Everett lee, Lewis-fei-ranis model, Todaro, Stouffer, Zelinsky, neoclassical economic theory, new household economic theory, dual labour market theory, world system theory
• Migration: Theories of internal and international migration-social network theory, cumulative causation theory

Population studies: Unit 07

• Environment in the context of development, interrelationship between population growth, environment and development, concepts of development and its measures: Limitations of per capita income as an indicator of development
• Concepts of development and its measures: Human centered development-welfare approach, investment in human capital approach, human development index (HDI), physical quality of life index (PQLI), concepts of social development
• Concepts of development and its measures: Social capital and social change; social development index (SDI), gender development index (GDI), millennium development goals (MDG), concept of sustainable development, sustainable development goals (SDG)
• Concepts of development and its measures: Concepts and measures of poverty, human poverty index (HPI)
• Effect of development on population dynamics, age structure transition, demographic transition, demographic dividends, and population ageing
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (i) Views of different religions on pro-natalist and prosperity argument: Greek philosophers’ views, Chinese philosopher Confucius writings on optimum population
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (i) Views of different religions on pro-natalist and prosperity argument: Classical mercantilist and physiocrats views, socialist and Marxist views, etc
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (ii) Pessimistic perspective-population growth viewed as an obstacle to development, Malthus theory, Coale and Hoover study, tragedy of commons
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (ii) Pessimistic perspective-limits to growth study and Enke's investment model, etc. (iii) Optimistic perspective: Population growth is conducive to development-mercantilist views
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (iii) Optimistic perspective-Colin and Condorcet views, views of Colin Clark, Ester Boserup and Julian Simon, etc
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (iv) Neutralist/ revisionist perspective-need to study linkages between population change and development-views of Simon Kuznets, Allan Kelly and Robert Schmidt
• Views regarding the relationship between population and development: (iv) Neutralist/ revisionist perspective-need to study linkages between population change and development-views of Bloom and Williamson
• Population and resources: Natural resources-types of natural resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, resources scarcity and resource depletion. Capital resources: effect of demographic factors on savings and investments
• Population and resources: Capital resources-technology and development; importance of technology to improve the productivity of physical assets. Human resources: quantitative aspects: Concepts of labour force, economically active population, unemployment
• Population and resources: Human resources-quantitative aspects, types of unemployment; disguised, seasonal, frictional and chronic. Factors affecting demand and supply of labour, effect of population growth and development on structure of employment
• Population and resources: Implications of population growth-on food supply, water, sanitation, housing, employment, health, education, energy, etc; environmental degradation-air pollution, greenhouse effect-global warming, climate change
• Population and resources: Pressure of population growth on land use-soil erosion, desertification, deforestation, and soil salinity, etc
• Population and resources: Human ecosystems-ecological imbalance caused by natural and human factors and their impacts on human ecological systems, human perception and adjustment to imbalance, sustainable human ecosystems
• Population and resources: Guidelines for environmental protection, international protocols developmental plans, policies and strategies in India in the context of population and environment

Population studies: Unit 08

• Gender: Concept and meaning of gender; evolution of gender in historical perspective, gender and its relationship with components of population: Age-sex structure, fertility, mortality, migration
• Major morbidity and mortality burden in the developing world with major focus on India, sex ratio at births, major health problems experienced by women and men, reproductive health of women and men in developing world
• Differentials in use of male and female methods of contraception, health and nutrition issues of adolescent boys and girls, abuse and maltreatment, puberty, sexual debut, adolescent pregnancy, abortion, women and family planning programs
• Contraceptive technology, major risk factors of men’s health: masculinity, alcoholism, tobacco and drug consumption, accident, etc
• Gender dimension of economic development: Women’s access to economic resources, entitlements, land ownership, inheritance laws, access to credit, measurements of women’s work, profiling women’s work, informal sector involvement, working condition
• Gender dimension of economic development: Maternity benefits, wage differentials, gender and poverty, globalization: Changing pattern of economic activity, issues of marginalization and vulnerability along with agency, negotiation and spaces of power
• Globalization: Gender divisions in urban labor markets, gender and migration, housing, household environment and its differential impact on men and women’s life, environmental degradation: Changes in climate
• Environmental degradation: Water table and land use and their differential impact on men and women, the Concept of gender mainstreaming: Gender mainstreaming in various health and development sectors-example agriculture, health, education
• The Concept of gender mainstreaming: Gender in workplace (public and private), etc
• Gender inequality and status of women: Social, economic, cultural, health and domestic violence, women autonomy and empowerment and its demographic implications, gender empowerment measure (GEM)
• Scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST): Size, growth, composition and distribution in India, development plans and programmes for SC and ST and their impact on population
• Disabled/ physically challenged population: Size, growth and distribution in India, classification of physically challenged population
• Development plans and programmes for physically challenged population in India

Population studies: Unit 09

• National policies: Evolution and development of population, health and related policies viz., National Population Policy 1977, National Health Policy 1983, National Population Policy 2000, National Health Policy 2002, National Health Policy 2017
• National policies: National Nutrition Policy, National Policy on Older Persons, social security for elderly, legislations to protect elderly in India, Protect National Youth Policy-its purpose, goals and objectives, thematic areas and strategies
• National policies: National Policy on HIV/AIDS, National Environment Policy, etc-its purpose, goals and objectives, thematic areas and strategies
• National policies: Population and policies on special groups, ageing and disabilities, ageing and quality of life, ageing and mental health problems, social gradients of health for ageing population, healthy ageing, who framework for healthy ageing
• National policies: Geriatric care in India. Role of NITI Ayog in health and population related policies and programme, population, health and related policies and programme at state levels. Evolution of family welfare programme in India since 1952
• National policies: Population control strategies under different five year plans till current period. Recommendations of various experts committee viz., Bhore committee, Mudaliar committee, Chadha committee, Mukherjee committee, Jungalwalla committee
• National policies: Recommendations of various experts committee viz., Kartar Singh committee, Shrivastav committee, Bajaj committee, etc
• National health mission (NHM): History and evolution, various schemes under NHM: Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health and adolescent (RMNCHA) programme, etc. Policies, programmes, and legislations in India: Related to age at marriage
• National health mission (NHM): Policies, programmes, and legislations in India-medical termination of pregnancy, sex selective abortion (PCPNDT act), COTPA act-2003 (tobacco control act), policies and programme related to reproductive and child health
• National health mission (NHM): Policies, programmes, and legislations in India-adolescent health, child health, antenatal, natal and postnatal care, immunization, vitamin deficiency, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection, family planning, RTIs/ STDs
• National health mission (NHM): Policies, programmes, and legislations in India-HIV/ AIDS, public health nutrition; causes of infertility and its treatment in government programme, social and psychological consequences of infertility
• National health mission (NHM): Policies, programmes, and legislations in India-socio-psychological and health problems of menopausal women. Family planning methods-traditional vs modern methods, advantages/ disadvantages, effectiveness of various methods
• National health mission (NHM): Achievements of various components of RMNCH+A programme, national programme for health care of elderly, communicable and noncommunicable diseases, programme
• National health mission (NHM): Methods and approaches of impact assessment of different policies and programme on population and health of people
• Health infrastructure and delivery system in India: Health system functioning in India, organizational structure-sub health center, primary health center, community health center, health system of district, state and center levels
• Health infrastructure and delivery system in India: Role and responsibilities of various categories of health personnel in family welfare programme, concept and implementation of universal health care in India. Decentralization strategies in health
• Health infrastructure and delivery system in India: Role of Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) in health, health systems reforms in India, public-private partnership in health and family welfare services
• Health infrastructure and delivery system in India: Role of ICDS in reducing malnutrition and coordination with health sectors, intersectoral coordination for improving hygiene, water and sanitation etc
• Basic concepts in public financing in health: Equity, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care delivery, basic concept of investment in health, public goods and private goods, externalities, public sector spending on health
• Basic concepts in public financing in health: Basic concepts in national health accounting, need and concepts in social health insurance, schemes in social health schemes, principles and methods of economic evaluation of population and health programmes
• Global issues and challenges in population and health: Concept of global health, global demographic, health and epidemiological transition, role of united nations and other international agencies like UNFPA, population council
• Global issues and challenges in population and health: WHO etc in health and population; UN world population conferences: Bucharest (1974), Mexico (1984), Cairo (1994) conferences, Alma Ata declaration (1978)-health for all by 2000
• Global issues and challenges in population and health: UN world population conferences-components of primary health care, millennium development goals (2000), sustainable development goals (2016)
• Global issues and challenges in population and health: Health policies and health system in developed and developing countries

Population studies: Unit 10

• Principle and methods of social science research, scientific research-conceptual, empirical, and analytical framework of research, types of research: action research, operations research, formative research, programme evaluation research
• Research design: Observational study (descriptive and exploratory study) and experimental studies (quasi experimental and true experimental study, longitudinal and panel study design, issues relates to reliability and validity in research design
• Method of data collection and analysis: Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, quality of data in evaluation research. Concept and application of odds ratio and relative risks
• Method of data collection and analysis: Concept and application of probability in analysis of population data, laws of probability and concept of Bayes theorem, concept and application of Binomial
• Method of data collection and analysis: Concept and application of exponential and normal distributions in population data analysis. Concept of statistical hypothesis, concept and application of correlation, association and regression
• Method of data collection and analysis: Concept of p value (level of significance), concept of confidence interval, concept and application of logistics regression analysis
• Sampling: Sampling concept, concept of sampling unit, sampling frame and sampling design, sampling and non-sampling errors, standard error, sample size determination
• Sampling methods and techniques: Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling, purposive sampling, multi-stage sampling, design effect in sampling
• Research problem and formulation of research hypotheses: Defining the research problem; components of the research problem; formulating the research hypothesis
• Research report writing and ethics in research: Types of research reports-brief reports and detailed reports; report writing: Structure of the research report, interpretations of results and suggested recommendations; ethics in research
• Report writing: Client’s ethical code; researcher’s ethical code; ethical codes related to respondents; monitoring and evaluation of programme: Basic concept of monitoring and evaluation, difference between monitoring and evaluation
• Monitoring and evaluation of programme: Monitoring of health programme-data requirements and Indicators, health management information system (HMIS) as tool of programme monitoring, Indicators based on service statistics based on: Input, process, output
• Monitoring and evaluation of programme: Indicators based on service statistics based on-acceptance/ utilization rate of various services, strength and limitations of HMIS data, evaluation of accessibility, availability, equity
• Monitoring and evaluation of programme: Quality and gender perspectives in RMNCH+A services
• Types of evaluation-formative and summative evaluation, concurrent evaluation, framework for the evaluation of the programme, types and levels of indicators in programme evaluation-(input process, output, outcome, and impact indicators)
• Types of evaluation-role of service statistics and surveys in programme evaluation
• Concepts and applications of GIS in population studies: Spatial concepts-spatial parameters-site and location, scale, plane and spherical coordinate; map projections, types of maps, digital representations of spatial and non spatial data
• Concepts and applications of GIS in population studies: Introduction to GIS-types of data, discrete and continuous data, raster and vector data, georeferencing/ geocoding and basics of digitization, layouts preparation
• Concepts and applications of GIS in population studies: Spatial data representations and analysis-bar and line diagram, frequency polygon, frequency curve; spatial uni-variate and multivariate statistics: Spatial correlation and regression, matrix algebra
• Concepts and applications of GIS in population studies: Spatial univariate and multivariate statistics-autocorrelation; spatial interpolations, Kriging, Moran’s I index

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Tala Dasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasavidha Gamakas, Panchadasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 02

• Origin, evolution, and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 05

• Detail study of sangeet Utpatti; musical scales (Indian and Western); detail study of Gram, Murchchhana and Chatussarna; Jaati Lakshana, Jati Bhed, concept of Raag, Raag-Lakshan
• Classification of raag: (i) Gram raag and Desi raag classification, (ii) male raag classification, (iii) thaat raag classification, (iv) Shuddha, Chhayalag, and Sankeerna raag classification, (v) Raag-Ragini classification, (vi) Raagang classification
• Classification of raag: (vi) Time theory of ragas; placement of Shuddha and Vikrit swaras on shruties in ancient, medieval and modern period; description of popular ragas and talas; notation systems of Hindustani, Karnataka, and western music
• Classification of raag: (vi) Merits and demerits of a vocalist (gayak); remix, fusion, orchestra, coir and acoustic; comparative studies of Hindustani and Karnatak swaras and taalas; Karnatak names of popular Hindustani ragas
• Classification of raag: (vi) Knowledge of different layakaaries such as Dugun, Tiguan, Chaugun, Aad, Kuad and Viaad

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 06

• Study of the historical development of Hindustani music from Vedic to modern period; ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Bharat, Naarad, Matang, Someshwar Dev, Jagdekmall, Nanya Dev, Sharangdev, Parshwadev, Sudhakalash
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Maharana Kumbha, Ramamatya, Damodar Pandit, Pt. Ahobal, Shriniwas, Hridya Narayana, Venkatamakhi, Pt. Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Pt. Vinayak Rao Patwardhan
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Pt. Omkarnath Thakur, Acharya Brihaspati, Thakur Jaidev Singh, Sharachchandra Shridhar Paranjape, Bhagwat Sharan Sharma, Dr. Prem Lata Sharma, Dr. Subhadra Choudhary, Prof. R.C. Mehta
• Ancient medieval and modern musicologist and scholars: Prof. Pradeep Kumar Dixit
• Study of ancient, medieval and modern treatises in Indian music like Natya Shastra, Naradiya Shiksha, Sangeet Makarand, Brihaddeshi, Manasollasa, Sangeet Chudamani, Bharat Bhashya, Sangeet Ratnakar, Sangeet Samaysar, Sangeet opanishatsaaroddhar
• Sangeet raj, Swaramela Kalanidhi, sangeet darpan, sangeet parijat, raga tatvavibodh, Hridaya Kautuk, Hridaya Prakash, Chaturdandi Prakashika, sangeet Chintamani, Pranav Bharti, etc
• Contribution of western scholars to Indian music: Capt. N.A. Willard William Jones, Capt. C.R. Day, E. Clements, Fox Strangwayes, H.A. Popley and Alain Danielou

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 07

• Prabandh, Dhrupad, Dhamaar, Saadra, Khayaal, Tarana, Trivat, Chaturang, Sargam Geet, Lakshan Geet, Raagmala, etc
• Thumri, Dadra, Tappa, Hori, Kajri, and Chaiti, etc
• Light music: Geet, gazal, and bhajan, etc
• Feroz Khan gat, Masitkhani gat, Razakhani gat and Jafarkhani gat and its kind
• Jaati, Javali, Kriti, Tillana, Raagam, Taanam, Pallavi
• Origin, development and presentation of above said vocal and instrumental compositions
• Popular artists in the field of above said forms

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 08

• Classification of Indian musical instruments in ancient, medieval, and modern period, different types of veenas in ancient period, tat-sitar, sarod, violin, dilruba, israj, santoor, tanpura, surbahar, guitar
• Ghan-Jaltarang, Ghatam, Morsing, Chipali, Manjeera, Jhanjh, Kartal Sushir-flute and its varieties, Shehnai, Nagaswaram, harmonium
• Avanaddha-Pakhawaj, tabla, Mridangam, Kanjira, Khol, Chang, Nakkara, Duff, Hudaka, dholak
• Origin, evolution, playing techniques and famous artist of these instruments

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 09

• Tansen, Haridas, Gopal Nayak, Sadarang, Pandit Balkrishna Bua Ichalkaranjikar, Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Ustad Faiyaz Khan, Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Nissar Hussain Khan, Pandit Omkar Nath Thakur
• Pandit Vinayak Rao Patwardhan, Pandit Narayan Rao Vyas, Pandit C.R. Vyas, Pandit Krishna Rao Shankar Pandit, Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur, Smt Gangubai Hangal, Kesar Bai Kerkar, Abdul Kareem Khan, Hirabai Barodekar, Suhasini Koratkar, Bade Ramdas
• Siddheswari Devi, Begum Akhtar, Shobha Gurtu, Girija Devi, Savita Devi, Mogubai Kurdikar, Kishori Amonkar, Pandit Kumar Gandharva, Pandit Jasraj, Pandit Balwant Rai Bhatt. Pt. Ramashreya Jha
• Asad Ali Khan, Pt. Lal Mani Mishra, Abdul Halim Zafar Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Sharan Rani, Amjad Ali Khan, Anath Lal, Panna Lal Ghosh, Vijay Raghav Rao, Raghunath Seth, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Ahmad Jaan Thirakwa, Pt. Samta Prasad, Kishan Maharaj
• Kudau Singh, Paagal Das, Brij Bhushan Kabra, Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Bhajan Sopori, M.S. Gopal Krishnan, V.G. Jog, N. Rajam, Appa Jalgaonkar, Mehmood Dholpuri
• Recipient of Bharat Ratna: M.S. Subbulakshmi, Pt. Ravi Shankar, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Lata Mangeshkar and Pt. Bhimsen Joshi. Purandar Das, Shyam Shastri, Muthuswami Dixitar, Tyagaraja, Swathi Thirunal Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Yehudi Menuhin

Music-Hindustani (vocal, instrumental, and musicology): Unit 10

• General study of origin and development of Gharana
• Institutionalised system and their contribution to Hindustani music
• Four baanies of Dhrupad and its importance to Hindustani music
• General study of various Gharanas of Dhrupad Kheyal and instrumental music
• Special features of Gharanas in vocal and instrumental music and its famous artists
• Purab and Punjab Angas of Tumari
• Important music conferences in India
• National and international awards in the field of music
• Contribution of music educational institutes Akademies, Prasar Bharati, song and drama division and film in Indian music

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Tala Dasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasavidha Gamakas, Panchadasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 05

• Musical scales (Indian and western), Suddha and Vikrita Svaras, Shruti in ancient, medieval, and modern period, detailed study of Grama, Murchana-Jaati, Jaati Lakshana in ancient period, concept of raga
• Classification of raga from ancient to modern period, Raga Lakshana-s of popular ragas, Mela-Janya system, Katapayadi and Bhuta Sankhya, Janya-raga classification, ancient-Palai-Pan system, 22 Srutis and their distribution among Swaras and Ragas
• Suladi sapta tala-s, scheme of 35 talas, tala dasa pranas, Marga and Desi talas, talas of Thiruppugazh, Shadangas and Shodasangas, important ragas and talas of Hindustani music
• Notation systems in Hindustani, Karnatak, and western music (staff notation)
• Voice culture, orchestration, and acoustics

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 06

• Narada-Naradiya Shiksha, Sangita Makaranda; Bharata-Natya Shastra; Dattila-Dattilam, Matanga-Brihaddeshi; Someshwara-Manasollasa; Parsva Deva-Sangita Samayasara; Sarangadeva-Sangita Ratnakara, Simhabhupala; Nanyadeva-Bharata Bhashyam
• Lochana Kavi-raga Tarangini; Jagadekamalla-Sangita Chudamani; Vidyaranya-Sangita Sara, Ramamatya-Swaramela Kalanidhi; Rana Kumbha-Sangita Raja; Somnath-Raga Vibodha, Ahobala-Sangeeta Parijat
• Govinda Dikshita-Sangita Sudha; Venkatamakhi-Chaturdandi Prakasika; Tulaja-Sangita Saramrita; Govinda Acharya-Sangraha Chudamani; Subbarama Dikshitar-Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini; Abraham Pandithar-Karnamrita Sagaram
• Nadamuni Panditar-Swara Prastara Sagaram; Attoor Krishna Pisharoti-Sangeetha Chandrika
• References to musical concepts in Silappadikaram, sangam texts, Pancha Marabu, Tala Samudram, Mahabharata Chudamani, Yazh Nool and other important texts in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam
• Musicologists: V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D. Paluskar, Swami Prajnanananda, B.C. Deva, P. Sambamurthy, S.Seetha, V.Raghavan, Premlata Sharma, R.Satyanarayana, T.S. Parthasarathy, N. Ramanathan, S.A.K. Durga, Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao, R.C Mehta and their works
• Contribution of western scholars to Indian music; Curt Sachs, N.A.Willard, William Jones, C.R. Day, E. Clements, Fox Strangways, H.A. Popley and Alain Danielou

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 07

• Origin and development of Prabandha, Gitam, Swarajati, Jatiswaram, Tana Varnam, Pada Varnam, Kirtana, Kriti, Padam, Javali, Tillana, Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi, Niraval, Kalpana Svara, Tevaram, Divyaprabandham, Thiruppugazh, Thaya, Ragamalika, Viruttam, Dandakam
• Churnika, Sloka, Daru, Ashtapadi, Tarangam, Thiruvaimozhi, Thiruppavai, Chindu, Thiruvasagam, group Kritis
• Geya Nataka-a, Nritya Nataka-s Hindustani musical forms Dhrupad, Dhamar, Khayal, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, Trivat, Chaturang, Vrindavan

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 08

• Indian concept of classification of music instruments
• Origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of veena, tambura, violin, chitra vina, viola, mandolin, flute, nadaswaram, panchamukha vadyam, mridangam, tavil, kanjira, dappu, chenda, maddalam, timila, jaltarang, ghatam, morsing, chipla, jalra
• Kartala and other tala instruments
• Outline knowledge of-sitar, sarangi, sarod, shehnai, tabla, pakhawaj, piano, guitar, clarionet

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 09

• Tevaram, Alvars, Jayadeva, Dasa Kuta, Purandara Dasa, Annamacharya, Tallapaka composers, Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Arunagirinathar, Muthuthandavar, Marimuthu Pillai, Arunachala Kavirayar, Sangeetha Mummoorthy viz., Shamasastry, Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Swati Tirunal, Gopalakrishna Bharati, Tanjore Quartette, Patnam Subramanya Iyer and other prominent post trinity composers
• Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar, Musiri Subrahmanya Iyer, G.N Balasubramaniam, Maharajapuram Viswanatha Iyer, Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar, K.V Narayana Swamy, M.D Ramanathan, R.K Srikanthan, M. Balamurali Krishna
• M.S. Subbalakshmi, D.K. Pattammal, M.L.Vasanthakumari, Brinda, Mukta and other prominent vocalists
• Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer, Veena Dhanammal, S. Balachander, Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar, S. Balachander, ChittiBabu, Mysore Chowdiah, Lalgudi Jayaraman, Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu, T.N. Krishnan, M.S. Gopalakrishnan, Sarabha Sastri, T.R. Mahalingam
• N. Ramani, Sheikh Chinna Moulana, Ambalapuzha Brothers, Namagiripettai Krishnan, Palghat Mani Iyer, Palani Subramaniam, Vikku Vinayakram, Harishankar and other prominent musicians of Veena, Violin, Flute, Nadaswaram, Mridangam, Ghatam and Kanjira

Music-Karnataka music: Unit 10

• Merits and limitations of Gurukula Sampradayam, institutional training and academic teaching system in universities
• Nadaswaram Bani-Tanjavur style, Mridanga Bani-Thanjavur, Pudukkottai and Palakkad styles, Banis of Dhanammal school, Ariyakudi, musiri, GNB, Maharajapuram, Chembai and Semmangudi
• Styles of music trinity and analysis of their ragas, compositions with various musical versions
• Music propagation through music academies, Prasar Bharati, song and drama division, films,music festivals like Tiruvaiyaru, Chembai, Melattur, etc
• Influence of other music systems on Karnatak music-Hindustani and Western
• National and international awards in music

Music-Percussion: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Tala Dasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasavidha Gamakas, Panchadasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Percussion: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution, and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Percussion: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Percussion: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Percussion: Unit 05

• Description and playing techniques of varna’s and their combinations in tabla and pakhawaj instruments
• Ten pranas of taal (detailed study)
• Detailed study of Margi and Desi taal system (Paddhati), knowledge of Karnataka taal system: Detailed knowledge of Uttar Bhartiya taal paddhati and taalas used in Uttar Bhartiya sangeet
• A brief knowledge of taalas used with Rabindra sangeet
• Laya and layakari
• Detailed knowledge of Hindustani and Karnatak taal notation system
• Brief knowledge of staff notation system
• Tabla accompaniment with vocal, (classical, semi-classical music) instrumental music and kathak dance
• Relationship between taal and Chhand, knowledge of composing Tihaies of different Matras
• Detailed knowledge of Tihai-Damdar, Bedam, Nauhakka, and Chakradhar Tihaies
• Mathematical calculation of Chakradhar-(Sadharan, Firmaishi, and Kamali Chakradhar)
• Difference between Chakradhar Gat, Chakradhar Tukda, and Chakardar Paran
• The chakra of thirty two Tihaies describe by Acharya Brihaspati

Music-Percussion: Unit 06

• Bharat, Sharangdev, Matang, Parashwadev Nanya Dev, Ramamatya, Somnath, Damodar Pandit, Ahobal, Venkatamakhi, V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D. Paluskar, Pundarik Vitthal, Dr. Subhadra Chaudhary, Nikhil Ghosh, Madhukar Ganesh Godbole, Swami Pagal Das
• Purushottam Das Pakhawaj, Girish Chandra Shrivastava, Bhagwat Sharan Sharma, Prof. Sudhir Kumar Saxena, Dr. Aban Mistry, Dr. Yogmaya Shukla, Arvind Mulgaonkar, Sudhir Mainkar, Dr. Arun Kumar Sen, Chhote Lal Mishra
• Detailed study of the following texts: Natya Shastra, sangeet ratnakar, Brihaddeshi, Sangeet Samyasar Sangeet Raj, Ashtottar Shat taal, Lakshanam, Bhartiya Sangeet Vadya, Table ka Udgam Vikas Avam Vadan Shailiyan, Bhartiya Talon ka Shastriya Vivechan
• Detailed study of the following texts: Pakhawaj avam table ke Gharane avam, Parmparayen, taal Kosh, tabla vadan kala avam Shastra, tabla, Bhartiya taal men anekta mein ekta, aesthetics of tabla, tabla puran, taal vadya parichaya, tabla granth manjusha
• Detailed study of the following texts: Laya taal vichar manthan, tabla vadan mein Nihit Saundarya, solo tabla drumming of north India, tabla of Lucknow, taal Vadya Shastra, Bhartiya sangeet men taal, Chand avam Roop Vidhan

Music-Percussion: Unit 07

• Definition of Bandish-expendable and nonexpendable compositions
• The aesthetics of bandishen
• Importance of presentation of bandishein
• Detailed study of Theka, Peshkar, Qaeda and its Prastar (Paltas), Bant, Rela, Rau, Tukda, Mukhada, Gat and its various kinds, Rang-Rela, Fird, Paran, Tihaies of various kinds
• Gats and quaidas of different Gharanas, LaggiLadi
• Study of different compositions popular in classical vocal, semi-classical and instrumental music: Khayal, Masitkhani gat, Razakhani gat, Thumri, Dadra, Tappa, Kajari, Chaiti, Dhrupad, Dhamar, Sadra, Jhoola, Bhajan, Gazal, Geet
• General knowledge of compositions used in Kathak dance: Aamad, Paran, Tatkar, Toda, Stuti Paran

Music-Percussion: Unit 08

• Classification of Indian musical instruments as per described by Bharat, Sharangdev and Dr. Lalmani Mishra
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (a) Tat vadya: Veena, vichitra veena, naradiya veena, saraswati veena, rudra veena, sitar, sarod, sarangi, violin, dilruba, israj, santoor, surbahar
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (a) Tat Vadya: Tanpura, Guitar, ektara, dotara, (b) Sushir Vadya: Flute, shehnai, Nagasvaram, Claronate, Algoza, Sundari, Maguti
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (c) Avanaddha vadya: Panav, Patah, Mirdang, Pakhawaj, tabla, mridangam, tavil, khanjira, khol, chenda, chang, upang, duff, nakkara, dhol, dholak, sambal
• Detailed study of origin, evolution, structure and playing technique of the following instruments: (c) Avanaddha vadya: Dholaki, Naal, Huddaka, pung, (d) Ghana vadya: Jal-tarang, nal-tarang, ghatam, morsing, chipli, jalra, kartaal, jhanjh, manjira
• Popular percussion instruments used in western music: Kittle drum, Snare drum, Bass drum, Tenor drum and other important percussions

Music-Percussion: Unit 09

• Tabla: Nathu Khan, Modu Khan, Bakshu Khan, Abid Hussain Khan, Haji Vilayat Ali, Salari Khan, Chudiya Imam Baksh, Ram Sahay, Munir Khan, Habibuddin Khan, Ahmedjan Thirukuwa, Amir Hussain, Jahangir Khan, Sheikh Daud, Bade Munne Khan, Karamatullah Khan
• Tabla: Allarakha Khan, Gyan Prakash Ghosh, Nikhil Ghosh, Gama Maharaj, Kishan Maharaj, Kanthe Maharaj, Samta Prasad (Gudai Maharaj), Anokhelal Mishra, Bhai Gaitonde, Pandharinath Nageshkar, Suresh Talwalkar, Hashmat Ali Khan
• Tabla: Zakir Hussain and contemporary tabla and pakhawaj vizards and scholars
• Pakhawaj: Kudau Singh Jodh Singh, Nana Panse, Ayodhya Prasad, Pagal Das, Chatrapati Singh, Arjun Sejwal, Madhav Rao Alkutkar, Sakhara Ram
• Nakkara Vadak: Dilawar Khan, Aggan Khan
• Dholak Vadak: Bafati Khan, Gulam Jaffer, Dholki: Vijay Chauhan
• Karnataka music: Vocalists and instrumentalists-Bharat Ratan Subbalakshmi, S. Balachandar, Bal Muralikrishnan, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T.N. Krishnan, Palghat Raghu, Palghat Mani Iyer, Umayalpuram Sivaraman, U. Srinivas, Vikku Vinayakram, Hari Shankar
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Allauddin Khan, Vilayat Khan, Ravishankar, Abdul Halim Jaffer, Balaram Pathak, Nikhil Banerjee, Hafeez Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, V.G. Jog, D.K. Datar, N Rajam, Hariprasad Chaurasia
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Pannalal Ghosh, Bismillah Khan, Ali Hussain, Siddharam Jadhav, Krishna Rao, Shankar Pandit, Mogubai Kurdikar, Kesar Bai Kerkar, Mallikarjun Mansoor, Abdul Karim Khan, Faiyaz Khan, Bhimsen Joshi
• North Indian vocalist and instrumentalist: Gangubai Hangal Malini Rajurkar, Kishori Amonkar, Jas Raj, Kumar Gandharva and Aamir Khan
• Dancers: Acchan Maharaj, Lacchu Maharaj, Sitara Devi, Gopi Krishna, Birju Maharaj, Durga Lal, Yamini Krishnamurthy Samyukta Panigrahi and Kalyani Kutti Amma
• All national and international awardees in the field of music, dance, folk music, and folk dances with special reference to percussion instrumentalists

Music-Percussion: Unit 10

• Definition of baaj and gharanas
• Historical evaluation and developments of gharanas of tabla and pakhawaj, Delhi gharana, Ajrada gharana, Farukhabad gharana, Lucknow gharana, Benaras gharana, Punjab gharana, Nana Panase gharana, Kudau Singh gharana
• Varna Nikas (playing technique) in different gharanas
• Main characteristics of Peshkar, Quida, rela, gat, tukada, paran, tihai, chakradhar and laggi ladi on the basis of gharanas
• Importance and utility of tabla and pakhawaj in classical music, semi classical, sugam and film music
• Universities, academies and other institutions, renowned professors, gurus, academicians, administrators who are propagating music

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 01

• Sangeet, Nada: Ahata and Anahata, Shruti and its five Jaties, seven Vedic Swaras, seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha and Vikrit Swara, Vadi-Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad/ Vishesa Sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava
• Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav, Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga sangeeta, Desi sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga, Bhashanga, Meend, Khatka
• Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, harmony and melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta talas and 35 talas, Tala Dasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran
• Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasavidha Gamakas, Panchadasa Gamakas, Katapayadi scheme, names of 12 Chakras, twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas, Alapana, Tanam, Kaku
• Akarmatrik notations

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 02

• Origin, evolution, and classification of Indian folk song/ music
• Characteristics of folk music
• Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments, and performers of various regions in India
• Ragas and talas used in folk music
• Folk fairs and festivals in India

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 03

• Rasa, principles of rasa according to Bharata and others
• Rasa Nishpatti and its application to Indian classical music
• Bhava and rasa
• Rasa in relation to Swara, Laya, Tala, Chhanda, and lyrics
• Aesthetics according to Indian and western philosophers
• General knowledge of 64 Kalas according to Vatsyayan
• General history of Raga-Ragini paintings and Raga Dhyana
• Interrelation of fine arts

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 04

• Research pedagogy: Research areas, review of literature, selection of suitable research topics and research problems, methodology of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection and its sources, analysis of data collection, writing project report
• Research pedagogy: Research project indexing, references and bibliography, etc
• Research avenues and its interdisciplinary aspects: Music and literature, music therapy, philosophy, psychology, physics, mathematics, economics, social sciences, religion, and culture
• Modern technology: Electronic equipments, computer, internet, etc
• New trends in Indian music in post-independence era

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 05

• The knowledge of round the clock ragas and raginis, the knowledge of talas, the knowledge of kirtana, baul and other folk songs of bengal, the knowledge of monsoon and vernal ragas and raginis, selected provincial songs
• Selected verses from the Vedas and Upanishads frequently chanted by Tagore
• Rabindranath tagore specially created talas that is, Jhampak (5 matra), Sasthi (6 matra), Rupakra (8 matra), Nabatal (9 matra), Ekadasi (11 matra), Nabapanchatal (18 matra)
• Mulgan and bhanga gan
• Brahma sangeet by Tagore’s
• Tagore’s poetic songs, (Kabya Geeti), Vedic hymns (tuned by Tagore)
• Patriotic songs
• Akarmatrik notation system

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 06

• Conversation between Tagore and eminent personalities of India and abroad
• Western scholars on Tagore music
• ‘Sangeet Chinta’ full study of Tagore book
• Influence of European music as a whole on Tagore
• Influence of European Music and provincial tune
• Tagore’s creative journey in song writing and musical compositions
• History of anthology of Tagore songs
• Basic knowledge in Indian classical music with special emphasis in Dhrupad, Khayal, Tappa, Thumri
• Knowledge of notation and tal (Indian and Western)

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 07

• Main forms for Rabindra sangeet
• Geetanjali and song offerings-a textual study
• Biography of Tagore: The music composer upto Geetanjali era throughout Tagore’s life
• The music composer (second part) after Geetanjali to 1941
• Barsamangal, Sarodutsav, etc
• Aesthetic approach of Rabindranath Tagore through Rabindra sangeet
• Tagore’s philosophy of music, sahityer pathe, sahitya, sahityer swarup
• Tagore’s vision of music in his early days
• Concept of Tagore’s musical philosophy as expressed in essays, poems, novels etc
• Knowledge of raga
• Bengali songs: Pre contemporary and post Rabindranath era
• Brahma Sangeet and patriotic songs of different author other than Rabindranath
• Brahma Sangeet: Different author other than Tagore family
• Bedgan, maghotsav, upasana song, songs of Tagore house, hansirgan

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 08

• Popular instruments used in Rabindra sangeet, that is, esraj, guitar, key board, sitar, tanpura, harmonium, sarod, violin, mandira, organ-piano, flute and its varieties, pakhawaj, tabla, sri khol, dhol, mridangam, jaltarang etc
• Rabindra sangeet: Experiments in rhythms and talas
• Application of various talas and rhythms
• Surantar and Chhandantar

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 09

• Tagore’s Geeti Natya and Nritya Natya example-Balmiki Prativa, Kalmrigaya, Mayar Khela, Chitrangada, Chandalika, Shyama, Taser Des, Shap Mochan, etc, and other dramas full of various songs, that is, like Prayaschitta, Visarjan, Muktadhara, Achalayatan
• Other dramas full of various songs, that is, like Raja, Raktakarabi, Phalguni, Basant, Sishu Tirtha, Rin Shodh, Raja o Rani, Prakritir Pratisodh, Tapati, etc
• All dramatic works and example Tagore's musical creativity in Gitabitan-a textual study (part I, II, III) and Swarabitan (notation books) 1-66 and others
• Bhanusingher Padabali, Ritunatya
• History of anthology of Tagore’s songs
• Contribution of scholar/ performer/ musicians: Pratibha Devi, Subinoy Roy, Nilima Sen, Indira Devi Chowdhurani, Maya Sen, Suchitra Mitra, Kanika Bandyopadhyay, Santidev Ghosh, Jyotirindranath Tagore, Debendranath Tagore, Sailaja Ranjan Majumdar
• Contribution of scholar/ performer/ musicians: Anadi Dastidar, Kangalicharan Sen, Amiya Thakur, Bhimrao Sastri, Ases Bandyopadhyay, Girija Shankar Chakraborty, Ramesh Chandra Bandyopadhyay, Rajeswari Dutta, Sankha Ghosh, Sudhir Chakraborty etc

Music-Rabindra sangeet: Unit 10

• An overall survey of Tagore’s musical creativity, tonal and rhythmic varieties of Tagore’s musical compositions including his own experimental variations
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical compositions
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical compositions (chronological order may be maintained)
• Influence of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Western music on Rabindra sangeet, compositions who influenced Rabindra Sangeet
• Tagore Song used in films
• Tagore songs: Tunes adapted from Tappa, Thumri, Tarana, and Bhajan with original songs
• The cultural atmosphere of Tagore’s family (Pathuriaghata, and Jorasanko, Kolkata)
• Thematic variations of Tagore’s music: (Puja, Prem, Swadesh, Prakriti, Vichitra, Anusthanik) festival songs of Rabindra Sangeet
• Knowledge of Hindustani songs and Tagore’s opinion on these songs
• National anthem of India and Bangladesh
• Rabindra sangeet based on classical tune

Management: Unit 01

• Concept, process, theories and approaches, management roles and skills, functions-planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating and controlling, communication-types, process and barriers
• Decision making-concept, process, techniques and tools, organisation structure and design-types, authority, responsibility, centralisation, decentralisation and span of control, managerial economics-concept and importance
• Demand analysis-utility analysis, indifference curve, elasticity and forecasting, market structures-market classification and price determination, national income-concept, types and measurement, inflation-concept, types and measurement
• Business ethics and CSR, ethical issues and dilemma, corporate governance, value based organisation

Management: Unit 02

• Significance and theories, individual behaviour-personality, perception, values, attitude, learning and motivation, group behaviour-team building, leadership, group dynamics, interpersonal behaviour and transactional analysis
• Organizational culture and climate, workforce diversity and cross culture, organisational behaviour, emotions and stress management, organisational justice and whistle blowing, human resource management-concept, perspectives, influences and recent trends
• Human resource planning, recruitment and selection, induction, training and development, job analysis, job evaluation and compensation management

Management: Unit 03

• Competency mapping and balanced scorecard, career planning and development, performance management and appraisal, organization development, change and OD interventions, talent management and skill development, employee engagement and work life balance
• Industrial relations: Disputes and grievance management, labour welfare and social security, trade union and collective bargaining, international human resource management–HR challenge of international, business green HRM

Management: Unit 04

• Preparation of financial statements, financial statement analysis-ratio analysis, funds flow and cash flow analysis, DuPont analysis, preparation of cost sheet, marginal costing, cost volume, profit analysis, standard costing and variance analysis
• Financial management, concept, and functions, capital structure-theories, cost of capital, sources and finance, budgeting and budgetary control, types, and process, zero base budgeting, leverages-operating, financial and combined leverages
• EBIT-EPS analysis, financial breakeven point and indifference level

Management: Unit 05

• Time preference for money, valuation of bonds and shares, risk and returns; capital budgeting-nature of investment, evaluation, comparison of methods; risk and uncertainty analysis, dividend-theories and determination
• Mergers and acquisition-corporate restructuring, value creation, merger negotiations, leveraged buyouts, take over portfolio management-CAPM, APT, derivatives-options, option payoffs, option pricing, forward contracts and future contracts
• Working capital management-determinants, cash, inventory, receivables and payables management, factoring, international financial management, foreign exchange market

Management: Unit 06

• Concept, process, decision and types, strategic analysis-external analysis, PEST, Porter’s approach to industry analysis, internal analysis-resource based approach, value chain analysis, strategy formulation-SWOT analysis
• Strategy formulation-corporate strategy-growth, stability, retrenchment, integration and diversification, business portfolio analysis-BCG, GE business model, Ansoff’s product market growth matrix, strategy implementation-challenges of change
• Strategy implementation-developing programs Mckinsey 7s framework, marketing-concept, orientation, trends and tasks, customer value and satisfaction, market segmentation, positioning and targeting
• Product and pricing decision-product mix, product life cycle, new product development, pricing-types and strategies, place and promotion decision-marketing channels and value networks, VMS, IMC, advertising and sales promotion

Management: Unit 07

• Theories and models of consumer behaviour, brand management-role of brands, brand equity, equity models, developing a branding strategy; brand name decisions, brand extensions and loyalty, logistics and supply chain management, drivers, value creation
• Supply chain design, designing and managing sales force, personal selling, service marketing-managing service quality and brands, marketing strategies of service firms, customer relationship marketing-relationship building, strategies, values and process
• Retail marketing-recent trends in India, types of retail outlets
• Emerging trends in marketing-concept of e-marketing, direct marketing, digital marketing and green marketing international marketing-entry mode decisions, planning marketing mix for international markets

Management: Unit 08

• Concept, measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability distribution-binomial, Poison, normal and exponential data collection and questionnaire design, sampling-concept, process, and techniques, hypothesis testing-procedure
• T, Z, F, chi-square tests, correlation and regression analysis, operations management-role and scope, facility location and layout-site selection and analysis, layout-design and process
• Enterprise resource planning-ERP modules, ERP implementation, scheduling; loading, sequencing and monitoring, quality management and statistical quality control, quality circles, total quality management-KAIZEN, benchmarking, six sigma
• Total quality management-ISO 9000 series standards, operation research-transportation, queuing, decision theory, PERT/ CPM

Management: Unit 09

• Managing business in globalization era; theories of international trade; balance of payment, foreign direct investment-benefits and costs, multilateral regulation of trade and investment under WTO, international trade procedures and documentation
• EXIM policies, role of international financial institutions-IMF and world bank, information technology-use of computers in management applications; MIS, DSS, artificial intelligence and big data, data warehousing
• Data mining and knowledge, management-concepts, managing technological change

Management: Unit 10

• Concept, types, theories and process, developing entrepreneurial competencies, intrapreneurship-concept and process, women entrepreneurship and rural entrepreneurship, innovations in business-types of innovations, creating and identifying opportunities
• Innovations in business-screening of business ideas, business plan and feasibility analysis-concept and process of technical, market and financial analysis, micro and small scale industries in India; role of government in promoting SSI
• Sickness in small industries-reasons and rehabilitation, institutional finance to small industries-financial institutions, commercial banks, cooperative banks, micro finance

Santali: Unit 01

Santali: Unit 02

Santali: Unit 03

Santali: Unit 04

Santali: Unit 05

Santali: Unit 06

Santali: Unit 07

Santali: Unit 08

Santali: Unit 09

Prakrit: Unit 01

• Elements of the Prakrit language in Vedic literature, earliest source of Prakrit, development of the Prakrit language: (a) Primary Prakrit-(i) inscriptional Prakrit, niya Prakrit, Prakrit dhammapada
• Development of the Prakrit language: (a) Primary Prakrit-(ii) general introduction to the language of the anga canonical texts, (iii) general introduction to the language of the texts-Kasayapahuda, Satkhandagama and the texts of Kundakunda
• Development of the Prakrit language: (b) Secondary Prakrit-(i) language of the Upanga canonical texts and Mulasutras: Opapatika, Raja Pransiya, Dasavaikalika, Uttaradhyayana, (ii) general introduction to the language of the Mulacara
• Development of the Prakrit language: (b) Secondary Prakrit-(ii) general introduction to the language of the Bhagwati aradhana and Tiloyapannatti, (iii) general introduction to the language of Gathasaptasati, Paumacariyaṃ and Vasudeva Hindi
• Development of the Prakrit language: (c) Tertiary Prakrit-(i) commentary literature of the canons: General introduction to the language of the Dhavala and Jayadhavala, Sukh Bodha, commentary of Sri lanka on Sutrakritanga
• Development of the Prakrit language: (c) Tertiary Prakrit-(ii) general introduction to the Setubandha, Gaudavaho, Lilavaikaha, and Prakrit texts of Haribhadra Suri, Kuvalayamalakaha, (iii) origin of the Apabhraṃsa language: Study of the works of Joindu
• Development of the Prakrit language: (c) Tertiary Prakrit-(iii) origin of the Apabhraṃsa language: Study of the works of Svayambhu and Puspadanta and the Apabhraṃsa verses cited by Hemacandra in his Prakrit grammar
• Development of the Prakrit language: (c) Tertiary Prakrit-(iv) contribution of Prakrit to the development of modern Indian languages: Hindi and other regional languages

Prakrit: Unit 02

• Maharashtra, Sauraseni, Ardhamagadhi, Magadhi, Paisaci, Apabhraṃsa

Prakrit: Unit 03

• History of Ardhamagadhi and Sauraseni canonical literature, history of commentary literature of the Prakrit canons, general introduction to the Samanasuttaṃ

Prakrit: Unit 04

• Mahakavya, Khandakavya, Carita Kavya, Kathakavya, Champu Kavya, Muktak Kavya

Prakrit: Unit 05

• Prakrits in the dramas of Asvaghosa and Bhasa, Prakrits in the Mrcchakatika, Mudrarakshasa and in the dramas of Kalidasa, characteristic features of the Sattaka literature

Prakrit: Unit 06

• Study of the 14 rock-edicts of the Girnar version of emperor Asoka, study of the Hathigumpha inscription of emperor Kharavela, study of the Ghantiyala inscription of Kakkuka

Prakrit: Unit 07

• Rhetorics, Kosa, some important Prakrit texts on astrology and mathematics, Prakrit grammarians and grammatical treatises, metrics, features with examples of some of the metres in Prakrit and Apabhraṃsa: (i) Prakrit metres-Gaha, Pattha, Viula, Uggaha
• Features with examples of some of the metres in Prakrit and Apabhraṃsa: (i) Prakrit metres-Gahu, Siṃhini, Gahini, Khaṃdhaa, (ii) Apabhraṃsa metres-Duvai, Kadava, Ghatta, Pajjhadia, Hela, Chaupaiyan

Prakrit: Unit 08

• Prakrit grammar-general rules of the noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, indeclinables, case, case-endings, Sandhi and Samasa, Prakrit philology: Phonetic changes, vowels and consonants, yashruti, Anusvara, Anunasika, Visarga; phonetic behaviors-assimilation
• Prakrit philology: Phonetic behaviors-dissimilation, anaptyxis, metathesis, elision, agama, etc

Prakrit: Unit 09

• Acaranga (first Srutaskandha: Chapter I-Satthaparinna; chapter II-Logavijaya), Uttaradhyayana (chapter I-Vinayasuyaṃ, chapter IX-Namipavajja), Dasavaikalika (chapters-I, II, III and IV), Pravacanasara of Kundakunda (chapter I-Janadhikar)
• Sammaisuttaṃ of Siddha Sena (full text), Dravyasaṃgraha of Nemichandra (full text), Bhagwati Aradhana of Sivarya (verses 1-72), Vasunandi-Sravaka Cara (verses 1-50 and the verses based on seven types of addictions 60-87 and 101-111)

Prakrit: Unit 10

• Mrcchakatika of Sudraka-only Prakrit portions (chapters 1, 2, and 6), Setubandha of Pravarasena-chapter I, Vajjalaggaṃ of Jaya Vallabha-first eight Vajjas: Soyara, Gaha, Kavva, Sajjana, Dujjana, Mitta, Neha, Niivajja
• Gaha Sattasai of Hala-first sataka: Verses 1-50, Samurai Cakaha-chapter I, Kuvalayamala Kaha Uddyotansuri-paragraphs 1-12, Karpuramanjari of Rajasekhara (Full), Paumacariu of Svayambhu-chapters 21 and 22, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta- chapter I
• General introduction to the modern Prakrit literature: (i) Rayanavalakaha, (ii) Bhavanasaro, (iii) Viragasetu, (iv) Titthayara-bhavana

Pali (language and literature): Unit 01

• Ariyapariyesana Sutta/ Pasarasi Sutta (Majjhima Nikaya), Mahaparinibbana Sutta (Digha Nikaya), Jataka Nidanakatha and Jicarita
• Introduction to first, second, and third Buddhist councils: Based on Cullavagga (Pancasatika-Khandhaka, Satta Matka-Khandhaka), Samantapasadika (Bahirakasha) and Mahavamsa

Pali (language and literature): Unit 02

• Derivation of the word ‘Pali’ and homeland of Pali language
• Pali Alphabets, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Taddhita, akhyata and Krdanta (based on the Balavatara)

Pali (language and literature): Unit 03

• Mahakhandhaka
• Cullavagga: Kammakhandhaka
• Patimokkha: General introduction to Vinaya Pitaka

Pali (language and literature): Unit 04

• Brahmajala Sutta and Kutadanta Sutta
• Majjhima Nikaya: Satipatthana Sutta
• Samyutta Nikaya: Buddha Vagga of Nidanavagga’s Nidana Samyutta
• Anguttara Nikaya: Nivaranappahanavagga and Akammaniyavagga of Ekaka Nipata
• General introduction to Sutta Pitaka

Pali (language and literature): Unit 05

• Yamaka Vagga, Appamada Vagga, and Citta Vagga
• Sutta Nipata: Kasi Bharadvaja Sutta, Vasettha Sutta
• Therigatha: Mahapajapati-gotami theri and Ambapali Theri
• Jataka: Vanarindajataka, Sasajataka and Javasakunajataka
• General Introduction to Khuddaka Nikaya

Pali (language and literature): Unit 06

• Dukama Tika and Tikamatika
• Abhidhammattha Sangaha: Citta, Cetasika, Rupa, and Nibbana
• Introduction to Abhidhamma literature

Pali (language and literature): Unit 07

• Bahirakatha, Lakkhana Panha
• General introduction to Milindapanha

Pali (language and literature): Unit 08

• Silaniddesa
• General introduction to Visuddhimagga
• General introduction to Atthakatha literature and contribution of Buddhadatta, Buddhaghosa, and Dhammapala

Pali (language and literature): Unit 09

• General Introduction to Pali Kavya literature

Pali (language and literature): Unit 10

• Arahata, Bodhisatta, Paccekabuddha, Sammasambuddha, Sila, Samadhi, Panna, Brahmavihara, Ariya Sacca, Ariya Atthangika-magga, Tilakkhana, Paticcasamuppada, Kammavada, Bodhipakkhiya Dhamma, Nibbana, Nivarana, Samyojana, Hetu and asava

Sanskrit: Unit 01

• General introduction of Vedic literature: Main theories regarding the Vedas-Max Muller; A. Weber; Jacobi; Bal Gangadhar Tilak; M. Winternitz; Indian traditional views. Samhita literature, dialogue hymns: Pururava-Urvasi; Yama-Yami; Sarama-Pani
• General introduction of Vedic literature: Vishwamitra-Nadi, Brahmana-literature, Aranyaka literature, Vedangas: Siksa; Kalpa; Vyakarana; Nirukta; Chandas; Jyotisa

Sanskrit: Unit 02

• Study of the following hymns: (a) Ŗgveda-Agni (1.1); Varuṇa (1.25); Sūrya (1.125); Indra (2.12); Uṣas (3.61); Parjanya (5.83); Kitava (10.34); Jñāna (10.71); Puruṣa (10.90); Hiraṇyagarbha (10.121); Vāk (10.125); Nāsadīya (10.129)
• Study of the following hymns: (b) Shukla Yajurveda-Shiva Sankalpa, chapter-34 (1-6), (c) Prajapati-chapter-23 (1-5), (d) Atharvaveda: Rastrabhi Vardhanam (1.29); Kala (10.53); Prithvi (12.1)
• Brahmana literature: Subject-matter; Vidhi and its types; Agnihotra; Agnistoma; Darsapurnamasa; Yajna; Pancha Maha Yagna; Akhyana (Sunahsepa, Vanmanas)
• Upanishad literature: (a) Subject-matter and main concepts with special reference to the following Upanishads; (b) Isa; Katha; Kena; Brihadaranyaka; Taittiriya; Svetasvatara
• Vedic grammar; Nirukta and Vedic interpretation
• rik pratisakhya: Definitions of Samanaksara; Sandhyaksara; Aghosa; Sosman; Svarabhakti; Yama; Rakta; Samyoga; Pragya; Riphita, Nirukta (chapters-I and 2), four-fold division of padas-concept of Nama; concept of Akhyata; meaning of Upasargas
• Categories of Nipatas, purposes of the study of Nirukta, principles of etymology, etymology of the following words: acharya; Vira; Hrada; Go; Samudra; Vrtra; Aditya; Usas; Megha; Vak; Udak; Nadi; Asva; Agni; Jatavedase; Vaisvanara; Nighantu
• Etymology of the following words: Nirukta; (chapter-7; Daivatakanda), Vedic accent-Udatta, Anudatta, and Svarita

Sanskrit: Unit 03

• General introduction of major schools of Darsana with special reference to the following: Pramana Mimamsa; Tattva Mimamsa; Acara Mimansa (Carvaka, Jaina, Bauddha) Nyaya, Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Mimansa

Sanskrit: Unit 04

• isvara krsna: Samkhyakarika-Satkaryavada, Purusha Svarupa, Prakriti Swarupa, Srishti Krama, Pratyay Sarga, Kaivalya
• Sadananda: Vedantasara-Anubandha-Catustaya, Ajnana, Adhyaropa-Apavada, Lingasarirotpatti, Panchikarana, Vivarta, Jivanmukti, Annambhatta, Tarkasamgraha/ Kesava Misra; Tarkabhasa: Padartha; Karana; Pramana; (Pratyaksa; Anumana; Upamana; Sabda)
• Annambhatta, Tarkasamgraha/ Kesava Misra; Tarkabhasa: Pramanyavada, Prameya
• Laugaksi Bhaskara; Arthasamgraha
• Patanjali; Yogasutra-(Vyasa Bhashya): Citta Bhumi, Citta Vrtti S; concept of Isvara; Yogangas; Samadhi; Kaivalya, Badarayana; Brahmasutra 1.1 (Sankara Bhasya), Visvanatha Pancanana; Nyaya Siddhanta Muktavali (Anumana Khanda)
• Sarva Darsana-Samgraha; Jainism; Buddhism

Sanskrit: Unit 05

• General introduction of the following grammarians: Panini, Katyayana, Patanjali, Bhartrhari, Vamana Jayaditya, Bhattoji Dikshita, Nagesabhatta, Kaiyyata, Jainendra, Sakatayana, Hemachandra Suri, Sarasvata Vyakarana Kara
• Paniniya Shiksha
• General introduction of the following grammarians: Linguistics-definition of language, genealogical and morphological classification of languages, speech mechanism and classification of sounds: Stops, fricatives
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (c) Linguistics-speech mechanism and classification of sounds: Semi-vowels and vowels (with special reference to Sanskrit sounds). (d) Phonetic laws (Grimm, Grassman, Verner)
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (e) Directions of semantic change and reasons of change. (f) Definition of Vakya and its types, (g) general introduction of Indo-European family of languages
• General introduction of the following grammarians: (h) Difference between Vedic Sanskrit and classical Sanskrit, (i) difference between Bhasha and Vak, (j) difference between language and dialect

Sanskrit: Unit 06

• Definition: Samhita, Samyoga Guna, Vrddhi, Pratipadika, Nadi, Ghi, Upadha, Parkta, Gati, Pada, Vibhasa, Savarna, Ti, Pragya, Sarvanam Asthana, Bha, Sarvanama, Nistha
• Sandhi: AC Sandhi, Hal Sandhi, Visarga Sandhi (according to Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi), Subanta-Ajanta-Rama, Sarva (in all genders), Visva Pa, Hari, Tri (in all genders), Sakhi, Sudhi, Guru, Pitr, Gau, Rama, Mati, Nadi, Dhenu, Matr, Jnana, Vari, Madhu
• Halanta: Lih, Visvavah, Catur (in all genders), Idam, Kim, Tad (in all genders), Rajan, Maghavan, Pathin, Vidvas, Asmad, Yushmad
• Samasa: Avyayibhava, Tatpurusha, Bahuvrihi, Dvandva (according to Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi), Taddhita-Apatyarthaka and Matvarthiya (according to Siddhanta Kaumudi), Tinanta-Bhu, Edh, Ad, Us, Hu, Div, Sun, Tud, Tan, Kr, Rudh, Krin, Cur
• Prayayanta: Nijant, Sannanta, Yananta, Yanluganta, Nam Dhatu
• Krdanta: Tavya/ Tavyat , Aniyar, Yat, Nyat, Lyap, Satr, Sanac, Ktva, Kta, Kravatu, Tumun, Namul
• Stri Pratyaya: According to Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi
• Karaka Prakarana: According to Siddhanta Kaumudi
• Parasmaipada and Atmanepada Vidhana: According to Siddhanta Kaumudi
• Mahābhāșya (Paspaśāhnika): Definition of Sabda, relation between Sabda and Artha, purposes of the study of grammar, definition of Vyākaraṇa, result of the proper use of word, method of grammar
• Vakyapadiya (Brahmananda): Nature of Sphota, nature of Sabda-Brahma, powers of Sabda-Brahma, relation between Sphota and Dhvani, relation between Sabda and Artha, types of Dhvani, levels of language

Sanskrit: Unit 07

• General introduction of following: (a) Bhasa, Asvaghosa, Kalidasa, Sudraka, Visakhadatta, Bharavi, Magha, Harsa, Banabhatta, Dandin, Bhavabhuti, Bhatta Narayana, Bilhana, Shriharsha, Ambika Dutt Vyas, Pandita Ksamarao, V. Raghavan
• General introduction of following: (a) Shridhar Bhaskar Varnekar, (b) schools of Sanskrit poetics-Rasa, Alankara, Riti, Dhwani, Vakrokti, Aucitya, (c) western poetics-Aristotle, Longinus, Croche

Sanskrit: Unit 08

• Poetry: Buddhacarita (First Canto), Raghuvamsam (First Canto), Kiratarjuniya (First Canto), sisupalavadha (First Canto), Naisadhiyacaritam (First Canto)
• Drama: Svapnavasavadattam, Abhijnanasakuntalam, Mricchakatikam, Uttara Ramacharitam, Mudrarakshasa, Uttara Ramacharitam, Ratnavali
• Prose: Dasakumaracarita (viii Ucchvasa), Harsacaritam (V Ucchvasa), Kadambari (Sukanasopadesa)
• Champu Kavya-Nala Champu (I Ucchvasa)
• Sahitya Darpana H: Definition of Kavya, refutation of other definitions of Kavya, Sabda Sakti-Sankata Graha; Abhidha; Laksana; Vyanjana, Kavya Bheda (chapter fourth), Shravya Kavya (prose poetry and mix
• Kavyaprakasa-Kavya Lakshana, Kavya Prayojana, Kavya Hetu, Kavya Bheda, Sabda Sakti, Abhihitanvayavada, Anvitabhidhanvayavada, concept of Rasa, discussion of Rasasutra, Rasadosa, Karyaguna, Vyanjan Avriti (fifth chapter)
• Alamkaras-Vakrokti; Anuprasa, Yamaka, Slesa, Upama, Rupaka, Utpreksha, Samasokti, Apahnuti, Nidarshana, Arthantaranyasa, Dristanta, Vibhavana, Visesokti, Svabhavokti, Virodhabhas, Sankara,
• Dhvanyaloka (I Udyota), Vakrokti Jivita (IN mesa), Bharata-natya shastra (first and sixth chapter), Dasarupakam (first and third Prakasa)
• Chanda-Arya, Anustup, Indravajra, Upendra Vajra, Vasanta Tilaka, Upajati, Vamsastha, Drutavilambita, Salini, Malini, Sikarni, Mandakranta, Harini, Shardulvikridit, Sragdhara
• Kautilya Arthasastra (first-Vinayadikarika), Manusmriti (I, II and VII Adhyayas), Yajnavalkya Smriti (Vyavahar Adhyaya only), Paleography and inscriptions: Brahmi script of Mauryan and Gupta periods
• Paleography and inscriptions: Inscription of Ashoka-major rock edicts, major pillar edicts, (c) post-Mauryan inscriptions-Sarnath Buddhist image inscription of Kanishka regal-year, 3
• Paleography and inscriptions: (c) post-Mauryan inscriptions-Girnār rock inscription of Rudradāman, Hāthīgumphā inscription of Khāravela, (d) Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions-Allahabad pillar inscriptions of Samudragupta
• Paleography and inscriptions: (d) Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions-Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yasodharman, Banskhera copper plate inscription of Harsha, paleography and inscriptions-Aihole stone inscription of Pulakesin II

Sanskrit: Unit 09

• General introduction of the followings: Rāmāyaṇa-subject matter, age, society in the Rāmāyaṇa, Rāmāyaṇa as a source of later sanskrit works and literal value of the Rāmāyaṇa, legends in the Rāmāyaṇa
• General introduction of the followings: Mahābhārata-subject matter, age, society in the Mahābhārata, Mahābhārata as a source of later sanskrit works and literal value of the Mahābhārata, legends in the Mahābhārata
• General introduction of the followings: Purāṇa-definition of Purāṇa, Maha Purāṇa and Upa Purāṇas, Purāṇic Cosmology and Purāṇic legends, general introduction of main Smṛitis
• General introduction Kautilya Arthasastra
• Paleography-history of the decipherment of Brahmi script, theories of the origin of Brahmi script, inscriptions-general introduction

Arabic: Unit 01

Arabic: Unit 02

Arabic: Unit 03

Arabic: Unit 04

Arabic: Unit 05

Arabic: Unit 06

Arabic: Unit 07

Arabic: Unit 08

Arabic: Unit 09

Arabic: Unit 10

English: Unit 01

English: Unit 02

English: Unit 03

English: Unit 04

English: Unit 05

• Basic concepts, theories, and pedagogy
• English in use

English: Unit 06

• History, evolution, and futures

English: Unit 07

English: Unit 08

English: Unit 09

English: Unit 10

Linguistics: Unit 01

• Nature of language: Language in spoken and written modes, language as written text-philological and literary notions that is, norm, purity, and their preservation
• Nature of language: Language as a cultural heritage-codification and transmission of cultural knowledge and behavior; language as a marker of social identity; language as an object that is, notion of autonomy, structure and its units and components
• Nature of language: Design features of language; writing system-units of writing-sound (alphabetic), or syllable (syllabic) and morpheme/ word (logographic), sign language; existence of language faculty; linguistic competence, ideal speaker-hearer
• Approaches to the study of language: Ancient approaches to the study of language-Indian and Greco-Roman, semiotic approach-interpretation of sign; language as a system of social behaviour-use of language in family, community and country
• Approaches to the study of language: Language as a system of communication-communicative functions-emotive, conative, referential, poetic, metalinguistic and phatic; language as a cognitive system
• Approaches to the study of language: Relation with culture and thought (linguistic relativity); Saussurean dichotomies: signifier and signified, langue and parole, synchronic and diachronic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic
• Language analysis: Levels and their hierarchy-phonetic/ phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic/ pragmatic; their interrelations; linguistic units and their distribution at different levels; notions of contrast and complementation
• Language analysis: Emic and etic categorisation; notion of rule at different levels; description vs. explanation of grammatical facts
• Linguistics and other frields: Relevance of linguistics to other fields of enquiry-philosophy, anthropology, sociology, neurology, speech sciences, geography, psychology, education, computer science, and literature

Linguistics: Unit 02

• Phonetics: Phonetics as a study of speech sounds-articulatory, auditory, and acoustic phonetics
• Phonetics: Articulatory phonetics-processes of speech production: Airstream process, oro-nasal process, phonation process, and articulatory process; classification of speech sounds: Vowels and consonants, cardinal vowels (primary and secondary)
• Phonetics: Articulatory phonetics-complex articulation: Secondary articulation, coarticulation; syllable; suprasegmentals-length, stress, tone, intonation, and juncture; phonetic transcription: International phonetic alphabet (IPA)
• Phonetics: Acoustic phonetics-sound waves-simple and complex, periodic and aperiodic; harmonics; frequency and fundamental frequency, amplitude, duration; resonance, filters, spectrum, spectrogram; formants, transition, burst; voice onset time; aspiration
• Phonetics: Acoustic phonetics-noise spectra; cues for speech sounds: Vowel (monophthong and diphthong), semivowel, stop, fricative, nasal, lateral, glide, places of articulation of consonants
• Phonology: Descriptive phonology-phonetics vs. phonology; concept of phoneme, phone and allophone; principles of phonemic analysis-phonetic similarity, contrastive distribution, complementary distribution, free variation, pattern congruity
• Phonology: Descriptive phonology-notions of biuniqueness, neutralization and archiphoneme
• Phonology: Generative phonology-linear and non-linear approaches: levels of phonological representation; phonological rules; distinctive features (major class, manner, place, etc.); abstractness controversy
• Phonology: Generative phonology-rule ordering and types of rule ordering, markedness; principles of lexical phonology; principles of optimality theory

Linguistics: Unit 03

• Basic concepts: Scope and nature of morphology; concepts of morpheme, morph, allomorph, zero allomorph, conditions on allomorphs; lexeme and word; types of morphemes free and bound; root, stem, base, suffix, infix, prefix, portmanteau morpheme, suppletive
• Basic concepts: Replacive; affixes vs. clitics; grammatical categories-tense, aspect, mood, person, gender, number, case; case markers and case relations; pre-and post-positions; models of morphological description: item and arrangement, item and process
• Basic concepts: Word and paradigm
• Morphological analysis: Identification of morphemes; morphological alternation; morphophonemic processes; internal and external sandhi; inflection vs. derivation; conjugation and declension
• Word-formation processes: Derivation (primary vs. secondary derivation, nominalization, verbalization, etc), compounding (types of compounds: Endocentric, exocentric, etc), reduplication, back-formation, conversion, clipping, blending, acronyms
• Word-formation processes: Folk etymology, creativity and productivity, blocking, bracketing paradoxes, constraints on affix ordering
• Morpho-syntax: Nominalization and lexicalist hypothesis; grammatical function changing rules: Causatives, passives

Linguistics: Unit 04

• Traditional and structural syntax: Parts of speech-Indian classification (Naama, Aakhyaata, Upasarga, Nipaata); basic syntactic units and their types: word, phrase, clause, sentence, Karaka relations; grammatical relations and case relations
• Traditional and structural syntax: Construction types (exocentric, endocentric, etc), immediate constituent analysis
• Generative syntax: Parameters and universal grammar, null subject parameter, innateness hypothesis, meaning of the term 'generative', transformational generative grammar, structure and structure dependence, diagnostics for structure
• Generative syntax: Complements and adjuncts, principles and parameters theory, X-bar theory, theta theory, binding theory; pro-drop, NP-movement, wh-movement, head movement, adjunction and substitution, constraints on movement, subjacency
• Generative syntax: Government and proper government, small clauses, topicalization; unergatives and unaccusatives, VP-internal subject hypothesis; split VP and VP-shell hypothesis, crossover phenomena; checking theory of case
• Generative syntax: Copy theory of movement, inclusiveness principle
• Some key concepts in the minimalist programme: Spell-out, greed, procrastination, last resort, AGR-based case theory, multiple-spec hypothesis, strong and weak features; interpretable and uninterpretable features
• Transformational components: The copy theory of movement, its properties, checking devices and features of convergence

Linguistics: Unit 05

• Semantics: Types of meaning; descriptive, emotive and phatic; sense and reference, connotation and denotation, sense relations (homonymy, hyponymy, antonymy, synonymy, etc); types of opposition (taxonomic, polar, etc); ambiguity
• Semantics: Sentence meaning and truth conditions, contradictions, entailment; ‘Abhidha’, ‘Laksana’, ‘Vyanjana’; notions of membership, union, intersection, cardinality; mapping and functions; propositions, truth values, sentential connectives; arguments
• Semantics: Predicates, quantifiers, variables; componential analysis; definiteness, mood and modality, specific vs. generic; definite and indefinite; compositionality and its limitations
• Pragmatics: Language use in context; communication-message model and inferential model of communication, sentence meaning and utterance meaning; speech acts; deixis; presupposition and implicature: Gricean maxims; information structure; indexicals
• Pragmatics: Politeness, power, and solidarity, discourse analysis

Linguistics: Unit 06

• Sound change: Neogrammarian laws of phonetic change-Grimm’s, Verner’s, Grassmann’s Laws; genesis and spread of sound change; split and merger; conditioned vs. unconditioned change; types of changes-phonetic vs. Phonemic changes
• Sound change: Assimilation and dissimilation, coalescence, metathesis, deletion, epenthesis; lexical diffusion of sound change; analogy and its relationship to sound change; reconstructing the proto-stages of languages; tree and wave models
• Sound change: Relative chronology of different changes. Sociolinguistic approach to language change: Social motivation of language change; study of sound change in progress
• Morphosyntactic and semantic change: Phonological change leading to changes in morphology and syntax; syncretism, grammaticalization and lexicalisation; principles of recovering grammatical categories and contrasts
• Morphosyntactic and semantic change: Semantic change and processes of semantic change-extension, narrowing, figurative speech
• Linguistic reconstruction: External vs. internal reconstruction-comparative method, collection of cognates, establishing phonological correspondences; reconstruction of the phonemes of the proto-language based on contrast and complementation
• Linguistic reconstruction: Morphophonemic alternations as the source for reconstruction; recovering historical contrasts by comparing, alternating and non-alternating paradigms; accounting for exceptions to sound change-analogy, borrowing, onomatopoeia
• Linguistic reconstruction: The interplay of analogy and sound change; lexicostatistics
• Language contact and dialect geography: Linguistic borrowing, lexical and structural; motivations, loan translation, loan blend, calque, assimilated and unassimilated loans: Tadbhava and Tatsama; different types of borrowing-cultural, intimate and dialect
• Language contact and dialect geography: Classification of loanwords; impact of borrowing on language; pidgins and creoles; bilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect geography: Dialect atlas; isogloss; focal area, transition area and relic area

Linguistics: Unit 07

• Basic concepts: Sociolinguistics and sociology of language; micro-and macro approaches to language in society; linguistic repertoire: Language, dialect, sociolect, idiolect; diglossia, taboo, slang; elaborated and restricted codes; speech community
• Basic concepts: Communicative competence, ethnography of speaking; language of wider communication; lingua franca; language and social inequality; language in diaspora; new linguistic world orders
• Linguistic variability: Patterns in linguistic variation, linguistic variables and their co-variation with linguistic dimensions, social class/ social network/ age/ gender/ ethnicity; language loyalty, social identity and social attitudes, stereotypes
• Language contact: Bilingualism, multilingualism; code-mixing and code switching; outcomes of language contact: Language maintenance, borrowing, convergence, substratum effect, pidginization and creolization; language loss
• Language development: Language planning, corpus and status planning, standardisation and modernisation; language movements-state and societal interventions; script development and modifications; linguistic minorities and their problems
• Language ecology and endangerment: Superdiversity; linguistic landscaping, linguistic vitality, language endangerment, parameters of endangerment, documentation of endangered languages, revitalisation
• Sociolinguistic methodology: Sampling and tools; identification of sociolinguistic variables and their variants; data processing and interpretation; quantitative analysis of data; variable rules; ethnomethodology; participant observation

Linguistics: Unit 08

• Language typology, universals, and linguistic relatedness: Language typology and language universals; morphological types of languages-agglutinative, analytical (isolating), synthetic fusional (inflecting)
• Language typology, universals, and linguistic relatedness: Infixing and polysynthetic (incorporating) languages. formal and substantive universals, absolute and statistical universals; implicational and non-implicational universals
• Language typology, universals, and linguistic relatedness: Linguistic relatedness-genetic, typological and areal classification of languages
• Approaches for study: Inductive vs. deductive approaches; universals of language and parametric variation; word order typology
• Approaches for study: Greenberg's characteristics for verb final and verb medial languages and related features in the context of south asian languages
• Salient features of south Asian languages: Phonetic, phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austro Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman language families of South Asia; linguistic survey of India as a source of information
• Salient features of south asian languages: Contact induced typological change; convergence and syntactic change
• India as a linguistic area: The notion of linguistic area; language contact and convergence with special reference to the concept of 'India as a linguistic area'; features of retroflexion, vowel harmony, aspiration, reduplication, echo formation
• India as a linguistic area: Onomatopoeia, explicator compound verbs, anaphora; India as a sociolinguistic area, India as a semantic area; notion of microlinguistic area

Linguistics: Unit 09

• Psycholinguistics: Basic concepts-basic issues in psycholinguistics, brain language relationship, the different theoretical orientations: Empiricist-behaviourist, biological nativist, and cognitive-interactionist, biological foundations of language
• Psycholinguistics: Basic concepts-language acquisition and stages; critical period hypothesis
• Psycholinguistics: Language processing-the processes of perception, comprehension and production; evidence of language production; steps in comprehension; mental representation of language and lexicon; relationship between comprehension and production
• Psycholinguistics: Clinical psycholinguistics-normal and pathological language; aphasia; dyslexia; stuttering; language in the hearing-impaired; language in mental retardation
• Language learning and language teaching: Language teaching and language learning-first and second language learning; behaviouristic and cognitive theories of language learning; social and psychological aspects of second language acquisition
• Language learning and language teaching: Methods of language teaching; materials and teaching-aids in language teaching; computer assisted language teaching (CALT); language testing: types of tests; validity, reliability and standardization of tests
• Language learning and language teaching: Inter-language
• Language learning and language teaching: Language teaching analysis-goals of language teaching; factors in the preparation of a language teaching syllabus: Linguistic theory, social and psychological factors, needs analysis, classroom presentation
• Language learning and language teaching: Language teaching analysis-text-book evaluation; types of syllabus: Structural, communicative, notional; the role of the teacher and teacher training; role of self-access packages
• Language learning and language teaching: Language teaching analysis-socio-linguistic and psychological aspects of language teaching and learning
• Language learning and language teaching: Contrastive analysis-error analysis and interlanguage; basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) and cognitive advanced language proficiency (CALP)

Linguistics: Unit 10

• Translation: Paraphrase, translation and transcreation; translation of literary text and technical text; use of linguistics in translation; linguistic affinity and translatability; untranslatability; units of translation; equivalence of meaning and style
• Translation: Translation loss and gain; problems of cultural terms; scientific terms; idioms, metaphors and proverbs; false friends and translation shifts; evaluation of translation; fidelity and readability
• Translation: Types of translation-simultaneous interpretation, machine aided translation, media translation (dubbing, copyediting, advertisement, slogans, jingles, etc)
• Lexicography: Making of a dictionary-linguistics and lexicography, dictionary entries-arrangement of information; meaning descriptions-synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, antonymy and hyponymy; treatment of technical terms vs. general words
• Lexicography: Types of dictionaries-literary, scientific and technical; comprehensive and concise, monolingual and bilingual; general and learner's. Historical and etymological, dictionary of idioms and phrases, encyclopaedic dictionary
• Lexicography: Electronic dictionary, reverse dictionary, thesaurus and other distinguishing purposes and features of various types; computational lexicography
• Computational linguistics: Artificial intelligence and language; natural language processing (NLP); computational linguistics and its relation to allied disciplines; machine language; parsing and generation; parsers
• Computational linguistics: Compilers; interpreters-information processing, structuring and manipulating data; corpus building; attempts of NLP and corpus work in India: Anusāraka parsing: morphological recognizers
• Computational linguistics: Analyzers and generators for Indian languages; designing code, building of machine translation systems (MTS); hyper grammars, building of word nets, the Kolhapur corpus of Indian english, the TDIL corpus project
• Stylistics: Style-individual style, period style; style as choice, style as deviation, style as ‘Rīti’, style as ‘Alankāra’; style as ‘Vyanjanā’ (‘Vakrokti’); foregrounding; parallelism; text as grammar: Structure and texture, cohesion and coherence
• Stylistics: Semiotic aspects of a literary text; stylistics of discourse; levels of stylistic analysis-phonological, lexical, syntactic and semantic; stylistic devices in literary texts
• Language and media: Mass media-print and electronic, types of language used in mass media: News, editorials, advertising, writing and editing for print and electronic media, impact of mass media on language

Chinese: Unit 01

• Characteristics of Chinese language/ dialects/ phonetic transcriptions/ evolution and development/ classifications/ reforms of chinese script, etc

Chinese: Unit 02

• Parts of speech/ syntax/ types of sentence/ semantics/ figure of speech/ idioms and phrases, etc

Chinese: Unit 03

• Process and course of literary development/ different literary genres/ literary figures and their representative works

Chinese: Unit 04

• Process and course of literary development/ new literature movement/ literary trends and debate/ literary societies and schools/ different literary genres/ literary figures and their representative works

Chinese: Unit 05

• Process and course of literary development in the new period/ different literary trends/ literary theories, techniques and debate/ literary figures and their representative works

Chinese: Unit 06

• Land and people/ festivals/ customs and practices/ art and crafts/ popular culture/ folk culture, etc

Chinese: Unit 07

• Prehistory/ events and figures from ancient, modern and contemporary history/ different schools of thought

Chinese: Unit 08

• Civilizational dialogue/ socio-economic-political and cultural interaction in the modern period

Chinese: Unit 09

• Political movements/ social transformation/ economic policies and change/ prominent personalities/ theoretical concepts and ideas, etc

Chinese: Unit 10

• Milestones in international relations/ participation in regional and international organizations/ leadership and policy changes/ recent ideas and innovations/ achievement in various fields (such as culture, sports, science, and technology, etc)

French: Unit 01

• Major literary movements: Medieval literature, renaissance, classicism, baroque, enlightenment

French: Unit 02

• Major literary movements: Realism, romanticism, symbolism, surrealism, new wave novel, new wave theatre, existentialism, postmodernism, women’s writing, migrant literature

French: Unit 03

• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day-literatures from French-speaking Canada especially prominent works of Gabrielle Roy, Hubert Aquin, Michel Tremblay, Anne Hebert, Antonine Maillet, Monique Proulx
• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day-literatures from French-Kim Thuy, literatures from the Asia-Pacific region especially prominent works of Phan Van Ky, Lokenath Bhattacharya, Linda Lê, Thich Nhat Hanh
• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day-literatures from the Asia-Shumona Sinha, Vijay Singh, literatures from the Maghreb especially prominent works of Kateb Yacine, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Rachid Boudjedra
• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day-literatures from the Maghreb especially prominent works of Assia Djebar, Leila Sebbar
• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day- literatures from the Indian Ocean region especially prominent works of Ananda Devi, Nathacha Appanah, Michèle Rokotosom, Jean-Luc Raharimanana, Alex Gauvin
• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day-literatures from the Caribbean especially prominent works of Aime Cesaire, Edouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau, Maryse Conde, Dany Laferriere
• Major literary trends in francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day-literatures from Francophone Africa especially prominent works of Leopold Sedar Senghor, Mongo Beti, Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Ahmadou Kourouma, Alain Mabanckou

French: Unit 04

• The study of translation as an interdisciplinary field interfacing with other disciplines from Linguistics to cultural studies
• Definitions of translation: Interlingual, intralingual and intersemiotic translation, translation/ interpretation, linguistic approaches to translation, interpretive theory of translation, concepts in translation such as adaptation, coherence, cohesion
• Concepts in translation such as context, emprunt, equivalence, faux ami, fidelity, procedes de traduction, processus de la traduction, sur traduction, sous traduction, sourcier, pragmatic text, unites de traduction, etc
• Pedagogical translation versus professional translation, study of terminology in various fields of science and technology, teaching of translation, translation and ideology/ politics of translation

French: Unit 05

• To be able to solve multiple difficulties while translating a text from French to English and vice versa
• The difficulties can be due to: (a) Different world view, (b) cultural differences, (c) lexical lacunae, (d) different structures of languages, to be able to recognize and use different 'procedes de traduction' such as emprunt, calque, adaptation
• To be able to recognize and use different 'procedes de traduction' such as equivalence, modulation, etc

French: Unit 06

• A broad outline of the history, the geography, the social and the political life in France

French: Unit 07

• General understanding of visual arts, music, fashion, cinema, sports, press, and gastronomy

French: Unit 08

• To be able to understand the basic linguistic concepts such as langue and parole, code and message, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relation, linguistic competence and performance specific characteristics of human language
• To be able to describe language through synchronic and/ or diachronic perspective, nature of the linguistic sign, difference between phonetics and phonology, classification of speech sounds into consonants, vowels, and semi-vowels
• Syllable and Rhyme groups, morphology and syntax in French language, language varieties and registers, immediate constituent analysis, theories on enunciation, identification of different functions of language (Jakobson)
• Pragmatics: Speech acts, performative verbs, discourse analysis, coherence, and cohesion

French: Unit 09

• To be able to comprehend written texts through typographic, contextual and thematic clues, exercises on idiomatic expressions, registers of language, punctuation, anaphora and cataphora, logical and rhetorical articulators
• To be able to identify different types of texts: Descriptive, argumentative, epistolary etc

French: Unit 10

• Historical evolution of methodology in FLT (with special reference to French) as a result of research in linguistic sciences, psychology, sociology, culture studies, technology etc
• Definitions of “methode” “ methodologie”,” manuel” “didactique”, communicative approach/ actional or task based approach, use of authentic documents in language teaching, problems and perspectives in teaching/ learning of French in the Indian context
• Principles of material production, interculture in language teaching/ learning, types of evaluation (formative, summative etc), CECR (Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les Langues); Niveaux communs de reference, French for specific purposes (FOS)
• Technologies de l'information et de la communication pour l'enseignement (TICE), critical appraisal of different textbooks: Dondo, Cours de langue et civilisation française, (Mauger Bleu) Mauger Rouge, De vive Voix, Cartes sur Table
• Critical appraisal of different textbooks: Nouveau Sans Frontieres, Archipel, Connexions, Alter Ego, Echo , Version Originale, etc

Spanish: Unit 01

• Modes, tenses, use of the past, prepositions and other grammatical categories, language as a system of systems, methods of teaching Spanish as a foreign language, problems of translation in practice

Spanish: Unit 02

• Use of proverbs and refrains, modismos and idiomatic expressions, synonyms/ antonyms, metaphors and similes, text analysis

Spanish: Unit 03

• Making of Iberia, Greek and Roman colonizations and their contributions, Visigoths and the advent of Christianity, political and cultural mosaic of al andalus, the reconquista and the cultural efflorescence of Christian kingdoms
• The formation of Spanish language and early literary manifestations (epic, lyric, popular, religious verse)

Spanish: Unit 04

• Catholic kings and the Spanish empire, the Habsburgs and the Bourbons, inquisition, expulsion of Jews and Moriscos and the making of a homogenous Spain, honour code, art, literature and culture during the transition to the renaissance
• Renaissance and baroque in art, literature and culture, golden age literature

Spanish: Unit 05

• Enlightenment: El despotismo ilustrado and 18th century cultural manifestations, historic panorama of 19th century: Spanish War of independence, constitution of Cadiz, Carlist Wars, restoration, 19th century art and culture
• Romanticism, realism and naturalism, generation of 1898 and modernism

Spanish: Unit 06

• The second republic, the popular front and the Spanish Civil War: Fascism, Anarchism and Socialism, Vanguard movements and the generation of 1927, post-war and contemporary Spanish literature, art and culture
• Transition to democracy, constitution of 1978, Spain and the European Union, Spanish economic miracle and crisis, cinema, performing arts and sports

Spanish: Unit 07

• Aztecs, Mayas, Incas and others: Religion, cults, monuments, knowledge systems of indigenous civilizations, beginnings of European invasions and conquest, colonization of America and mestizaje, viceroyalties and economic structure of empire
• Literary and artistic expressions (Codices, Cronicas, Cartas, and Diarios, epic and baroque in the Americas)

Spanish: Unit 08

• Liberators and 19th century statesmen of Latin America, romanticism and the novel of the nation, the Mexican revolution and foreign interventions in Latin America (19th and 20th century)
• Modernism, Latin American identity construction through essays, regionalist, indigenous and Gaucho literature

Spanish: Unit 09

• Revolutions, dictatorships and the return to democracy, the new Latin American novel, the boom and after, women’s writing, testimonio, la Nueva cancion and subaltern voices, artistic and literary vanguards and Latin American poetic movements
• Cinema, performing arts, and sports

Spanish: Unit 10

• Internationalisation, regional integration, indigenous assertion and new social movements, de-colonial thought, de-anchoring of Latin American writing, border and exile literatures
• Experimental texts (the merger of performance, cinema and literature)m nonfiction writing, the Nueva cronica, the detective novel and the new historical novel, cinema, performing arts and sports

Russian: Unit 01

• Grammar nouns, adjectives and pronouns. Gender, number, declensions, ordinal and cardinal numerals, verb: Aspect, reflexive verbs, verbs of motion with and without prefixes, verbal prefixes, verbal adverbs, participles
• Comprehension of texts

Russian: Unit 02

• Phonetics and phonology: Phonetics. Aspects of phonetics, classification of Russian sounds: Vowels and consonants, changes of sound in speech act, phonological study of sounds, intonation: Types and usage
• Lexicology and phraseology: Lexicology, Polysemy, different types of meaning and its stylistic usage, metaphors, metonymy, synecdoche. Lexical and grammatical meanings of word, homonyms, synonyms, antonyms, paronyms. Stylistic usage of synonyms
• Lexicology and phraseology: Antonyms, paronyms, borrowings, calques, archaisms, neologisms, phraseology. Phraseological expressions in different styles

Russian: Unit 03

• Nouns and their usage, adjectives and their usage, numerals and their usage, pronouns and their usage, adverbs, verbs and their usage, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, word formation
• Stylistic usage of word formations

Russian: Unit 04

• Phrases, sentences. Parts of sentences, simple sentence and its classification, complex sentence and its classification, stylistic usage of different types of simple sentences, stylistic usage of different types of complex sentences
• Stylistic functions of conjunctions

Russian: Unit 05

• Translation: Theory and practice-theories of translation, methods of translation, types of translation, units of translation: Phoneme, morpheme, word, word combination, sentence, and text, transformation: Lexical
• Translation: Theory and practice-transformation: Grammatical and stylistic transformations and their subtypes, translation process: Equivalence, adequacy, interference, context and situation in translation
• Translation: Theory and practice-translation process: Concretization and generalization in translation process, modern translation tools
• Methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language: Principles of didactics, methods of teaching, means and tools of teaching, techniques of evaluation

Russian: Unit 06

• Russia: Land and people early inhabitants. Eastern slavs. Religion and culture of ancient Rus. Decline of Kievan Rus and emergence of Moscow. Mongol and Tatar invasion. Reign of Ivan the terrible. Peter the great. Romanov dynasty. October Revolution
• Russia: Birth of the USSR. Stalin period. Period of thaw and stagnation. Collapse of the USSR. Birth of the Russian federation. The modern period
• Russian customs and festivals
• Major figures and their contribution in the field of art: Paintings and handicrafts, music and ballet, theatre, cinema, sculpture and architecture; science and technology

Russian: Unit 07

• Classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, the natural school in Russian literature, critical realism, modernism: Symbolism, acmeism, futurism, imagism, the literary groups of the 20's and 30's, the formalist school, socialist realism
• Writings ‘for the drawer’, the war prose and verses, village prose, urban prose, Gulag prose, women’s writings, poets of the sixties, author’s song, the literature of the emigre writers, postmodernism, post-realism/ neorealism

Russian: Unit 08

• Elements of the literary works
• Biographical details and major works of the following authors: A. Griboyedov, A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, F. Dostoevsky, L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, A. Ostrovsky, I. Bunin, M. Gorky,V. Mayakovsky, A. Blok, S. Esenin, A. Rybakov
• Biographical details and major works of the following authors: A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelshtam, M. Tsvetaeva, A. Kuprin, M. Zoshchenko, M. Bulgakov, E. Zamyatin,M. Sholokhov, B. Pasternak, V. Shukshin, V. Astafiev, Ch. Aitmatov, E. Evtushenko
• Biographical details and major works of the following authors: A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Rasputin, V. Makanin

Russian: Unit 09

• Features and classification
• Close reading of the following literary works (up to the end of the 19th century), literary works-slovo o polku Igoreve, A. Pushkin-Evgeny Onegin, K Chaadaev, Ya pomnyu chudnoe mgnovenie, Stantsionii smotritel
• Literary works: M. Lermontov-Smert’ poeta, Parus, Geroi nashego vremeni, N. Gogol-Shinel, Revizor, I. Turgenev-Rudin, Ottsy i Deti, A. Ostrovsky-Groza, F. Dostoevsky-Prestuplenie i nakazanie, L. Tolstoy-Anna Karenina, Smert’ Ivana Ilicha

Russian: Unit 10

• Literary works: M.Gorki-Staruha Izergil, Mat’, Na dne, A. Blok-Dvenadtsat’, V. Mayakovsky-Oblako v shtanah, Klop, S. Esenin-Anna Snegina, Rus ukhodyashaya, A. Akhmatova-Requiem, M. Zoshchenko-Priklyucheniya obezyani, M. Sholokhov-Sudba cheloveka
• Literary works: B. Pasternak-Doktor Zhivago, A. Solzhenitsyn-Odin den’ v zhizni IvanaIlycha, Matryomin Dvor, V. Shukshin-Srezal, Mikroskop, Ch. Aitmatov-Belly Parokod, V. Rasputin-Zhivi i pomni, E. Evtushenko-Bratskaya GES, M.Bulgakov-Master i Margarita
• Literary works: I. Bunin-Antonovskiye yabloki, A. Platonov-Kotlovan, A. Vampilov-Utinaya okhota, V. Makanin-The captive of Caucasus, L. Ulitskaya-Medea and her children, S. Shargunov-Hurray
• Literary critics: V. Shklovsky, M. Bakhtin, Yu.Lotman, V. Nabokov

Japanese: Unit 01

• Particles and their usage, adjectives and their inflection, adverbs and their various categories, verbs and their conjugation, various intermediate and advanced level language patterns

Japanese: Unit 02

• Understanding the context and contents of a given passage, reading of Kanji in a given context, recognising the appropriate Kanji in a given context

Japanese: Unit 03

• Idioms and proverbs, onomatopoeic expressions, compound words in Kanji, synonyms and antonyms

Japanese: Unit 04

• Characteristics of Japanese language, phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, parts of speech, interpersonal expressions, Japanese language teaching methods

Japanese: Unit 05

• Famous literary works and their contents, famous authors and their lives, characters in famous literary works

Japanese: Unit 06

• History of Japanese literature (ancient to contemporary), various genres of Japanese literature, major trends in Japanese literature, foreign influence on Japanese literature

Japanese: Unit 07

• Festivals and annual events, traditional arts, aesthetic values of the Japanese, folk and cultural practices, popular culture, rituals, beliefs, and practices in Japan

Japanese: Unit 08

• Characteristics of Japanese society, Japanese work culture, education in Japan, women in Japan, social problems in present day Japan, major religions and new religions in Japan

Japanese: Unit 09

• Mythological origin of Japan, historical periods in Japan, historical landmarks and major treaties signed, socio-political changes in Bakumatsu and Meiji Japan, rise of nationalism in Japan, Pacific War and occupation period, post-war economic development
• Constitution of Japan (Meiji and Showa), philosophical thought in Japan (Tokugawa to Meiji)

Japanese: Unit 10

• Major political and other events, current India-Japan relations, achievements and recognition of Japan in various fields such as science, literature sports etc, topography of Japan, administrative divisions of Japan

Folk literature: Unit 01

• Who are the folk?, concepts of folklife and folkloristics, ethnicity, family types, natal, conjugal, nuclear, extended (generational and polyandrous), types of relationships in family-direct, shared, sexual, and descent, functions of family,
• Kinship terminology: Types of kinship, role of kinship-social categories and social organization in the creation, transmission, and sustenance of folklore/ folklife
• Conceptual shift from ‘popular antiquities’ to ‘folklore’-genres and functions of folklore: Ethnic genres and analytical categories, classification of folklore: Verbal, nonverbal, and intermediary genres
• Genre theory: Alan Dundes, Richard Dorson, Ben Amos, Richard Bauman, Roger Abrahams, functions of folklore: William Bascom, Lauri Honko-characteristics of folklore

Folk literature: Unit 02

• Folk, from ‘savage’ to ‘imagined group’-folklore as data and folklore as study, oracy vs. literacy, classical vs. folk, emergence of folklore as an academic discipline, folklore studies in abroad, folklore studies in India, subaltern studies
• Tribal studies, diaspora studies, green studies

Folk literature: Unit 03

• Definition and epistemology of folk literature-fields of folk literature: Myths, epics, legends, folk tales, folk songs, proverbs, riddles, tongue twisters
• Fields of folk literature: Speech acts-verbal art in performances (theatre, dance drama, medicinal chants, verbose in play genres, etc), literary devices, ethnic slurs, rumor, personal narratives-oral history

Folk literature: Unit 04

• Evolutionary theories-concept of evolution, unilinear and multilinear approaches, E.B. Tylor, George Mudrock, Lewis Morgan, James Frazer-Myth Ritual theory, solar mythology or comparative philology
• Devolutionary theories-concept of devolution-types of devolutionary theories-Marxists and Elitists
• Diffusion theories (monogenesis)-concept of diffusion, Indianist theory or Benfy’s migration theory, Egyptians school and Finnish school or historical geographic method
• Diffusion theories (polygenesis)-psychic unity, convergence vs. parallelism theories, Romantic nationalism and its manifestations

Folk literature: Unit 05

• Structural approaches: Basic concepts, syntagmatic structuralism, concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and theory of Vladimir Propp, application of Proppian model to folklore, paradigmatic structuralism
• Structural approaches: Concepts of Roman Jakobson and theory of Claude Levi-Strauss, application of straussian model to folklore
• Functional approaches: Basic concepts, social functionalists: Bronisław Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown, Emile Durkheim, symbolic functionalists: Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner
• Psychological approaches: Psychoanalysis, basic concepts, Sigmund Freud-Freud’s theoretical applications to Folklore, analytical psychology, basic concepts, Carl J. Jung-Jung’s theoretical applications to Folklore-Jacques Lacan’s theory
• Contextual approaches: Basic concepts, verbal art as performance, linguistic and communicative models of Roman Jakobson, oral formulaic theory or Parry Lord theory, Lauri Honko’s concept of ‘multiforms’
• Poststructural and postmodern approaches: Meaning and tenets of poststructuralism, new hermeneutics, text, textuality, textual analysis-Paul Ricoeur and theories of interpretation, historical milieu of the theories, concept and theory of deconstruction
• Poststructural and postmodern approaches: Derrida, Lacan, Foucault-gender theories and approaches, gender and genre, feminism and gender perspectives-Queer theory
• Semiotic approaches: Semiotic approach to folk culture studies, Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles S. Peirce on sign system and culture, perspectives on discourse analysis

Folk literature: Unit 06

• Culture as performance-Erving Goffman, Clifford Geertz, Milton singer, Rites of passage and territorial rites, Arnold van Gennep, Victor Turner-performance centered approach-Roger D. Abrahams, Richard Bauman
• Richard Schechner-Dell Hymes’s ethnography of speaking approach, analysis of folk narratives

Folk literature: Unit 07

• Basic concepts-folklore, folklorism, folklorismus, folklorization, applied folklore, public folklore and second life of folklore-folklore in public sphere, folklore and communication-folklore and new media

Folk literature: Unit 08

• Theories of global culture-discourse on modernity, post-modernity and globalisation, ideologues of globalisation, emergence of populism
• Influence of globalisation in socio-cultural life-issues and concepts of identity-glocal vs. global, homogeneity vs. heterogeneity and hybridization, changing dimensions and domains of folklore genres and folk performances, cultural tourism
• Neo-folk formations and protest movements, challenges to native cultures, bio-politics

Folk literature: Unit 09

• Genres of folk theatre-narrative enactments, puppet theatre, dance dramas, musical traditions and lifestyle patterns, naming system and onomastics, occupational folklore, family folklore, folk religious practices, pilgrimage and ritual practices
• Fairs and festivals, folk medicinal practices, folk art and craft, folk architecture, folk foodways and culinary practices, folk games, dress and clothing, manners and customs, customary law and jurisprudence, worldview, regional variations and versions

Folk literature: Unit 10

• Categorization of fieldwork operations: Pre-fieldwork, fieldwork and post fieldwork-notions of ‘field’ and ‘data', thick and thin data, methods and techniques, survey method, observation method-ethnographic method, postmodern ethnographic method
• Categorization of fieldwork operations: Dialogical and discourse methods-focus group method, documentation and archival practices, preservation and conservation of tangible and intangible cultures-fieldwork ethics and copyright issues, patent rights

Comparative literature: Unit 01

• The emergence of comparative literature, difference/ alterity and the ethics of plurality, limitations of the idea of national literature, theories of interpretation

Comparative literature: Unit 02

• Sources of literary history: Oral, manuscript, scriptal and virtual, approaches to literary history: Integrationist and other models, problems of periodization

Comparative literature: Unit 03

• History of comparative literature: French, German, Russian, and Tel Aviv schools, comparative literature in India: From Tagore to the present, world literature: from Goethe to the present, “the state of the discipline” reports

Comparative literature: Unit 04

• History and politics of translation, translation as reception, problems and promises of translation in multilingual situations, untranslatability and silence

Comparative literature: Unit 05

• Indian poetics: Sanskrit and Tamil, Perso-Arabic traditions, western classical literary theory

Comparative literature: Unit 06

• Classical-Sanskrit, Tamil, Pali, and other literary traditions, medieval-formations of language-literature (bhasha) traditions in India; bhakti, Santand Sufi literature, contact with West Asian, South-east Asian, and South Asian literary traditions

Comparative literature: Unit 07

• Modernity as a concept, colonial modernity: Transactions with Western forms and literary traditions, modernity as discourse: Multiple modernisms in the context of various language-literatures, discontents of modernity: Literatures of women, adivasis
• Discontents of modernity: Dalits, minorities, and others

Comparative literature: Unit 08

• The “literary” as a convention, mode and performativity: Tragedy, epic, and novel, genres: Theories; taxonomy: Generic markers and transformations, themes: Motifs, myth, archetypes

Comparative literature: Unit 09

• Literature and other arts: Texts across mediums, literary studies and other disciplines

Comparative literature: Unit 10

• Intertextuality, parody, and pastiche, re-writing in diachronic and synchronic frames, adaptation, appropriation, and assimilation

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 01

• Definition of ethnology and its structure, scope of study, main branches, utility field of study, relation with other subjects, modern attitudes, concept of culture and change social system, economy, religious system
• Effects of industrialization, and urbanization on tribal development
• Theory of ethnology: Ethnological study of tribal and Sadan of Jharkhand and neighbour state

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 02

• Definition of linguistics, field of linguistics, and kind of linguistics
• Branches of the study of linguistics, theory of origin of language, nature of language and its characteristics, utility of language, development of language, change and its reasons, different form of language, classification of languages
• Familiar and structural classification, phonetics, morphology, semantics, syntax, scripts, lexicography
• Theory of linguistics, linguistic study of tribal and regional languages of Jharkhand and its neighbour state, present problems and directions of solution, tradition of study, co-relations of tribal and regional languages and study of effects

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 03

• General introduction of ancient Indian literature-Vedas, Puraan, Upanishads, epics, Jain literature, Buddhist literature, Odia literature and Bengali literature and other literature
• Ancient and medieval Indian literature-Siddha and Nath literature
• Introduction of medieval Indian literature, Bhakti movement (Alwar Saint, Sagun Bhakti, Nirgun Bhakti, Ram Margi, Krishna Margi, Sufi Saint) main poets and study of Ritikal poets and their poetry
• Modern Indian literature-introduction of Rahasyavad, Chhayavad, Pragativad, And Prayogvad
• Pre independence and post independence prose and poetry, main poets, authors and their works and contribution

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 04

• Definition of literature, and characteristics, elements of literature, subject matter, feelings, bases of poetic forms, different-poetic forms-Geet, Kavya, Kavita, Khand Kavya, drama, novel, story, essay, short play, One Act Play, Jivni, Reportaz
• Samichha, Aalochana, Sabda Chitra, Samalochana Ke Swaroop and study of structural forms
• Indian Kavya Shastra-Shabd shakti, Rasa Nirupan, Sadharanikaran, Kavya Guna, Kavya Dosh, Alankar-Anupras, Yamak, Shlesh, Vakroyukti, Upma, Rupak, Bharantiman, Sandesh, Uttprechha, Atishayokti, Virodhabhas, etc, Chhand-Doha, Chaupai, Malini
• Indian Kavya Shastra-Mandakranta

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 05

• Concept of folk literature, characteristics, different forms of folk literature-folk song, folk tale, Lok Gatha, myth, legend, folk drama, folk dance, Prakirn Sahitya-Idioms and phrases, Lokokti (proverb)
• Paheli mantras and its characteristics difference between folk literature and written literature, importance of folk literature and folk culture

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 06

• Definitions of culture, importance, characteristics, festivals, yatras, mela, food, living style, social structure, economical structure, cultural structure, religious structure, behavior, customs etc

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 07

• Traditional music of tribal and regional language areas, Raag-Raagini, style of dance (different forms of dance) musical instruments and performing arts in AIR and Doordarshan
• Theory and role of performance and broadcasting
• Chitra kala (Bhiti Chitra, Kohbar Kala, Sohrai Painting) murti kala, clay art
• Bamboo art
• Wood craft, stone art, metal art, silk art, Architect, PaakKala, and other arts

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 08

• Study of structure and form of writing of song, poetry, Khand Kavya and epic, muktak kavya, etc, study of ancient, medieval, and modern poets, development and introduction of their authors
• Introduction of song and singers

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 09

• Development of prose literature, story, drama, novel, essay, Yatra Vritant, Sansmaran, Rekha Chitra, Alochana, Samalochana, Samichha, Jivni, Reportaz etc, and study of their structure and form of writing

Tribal and regional language/ literature: Unit 10

• Birsa Munda, Bir Budhu Bhagat, Tilka Manjhi, Sido Kanhu, Chand Bhairav, Sheikh Bhikhari, Nilamber-Pitamber, Telangana kharia, NE Horo, poto sardar, Binod Bihari Mahto, Lado Jonko, Kartik Oraon and their life story, kritiyan and contribution
• Jaipal Singh Munda, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Lako Bodra, Dr. Ramdayal Munda, Paramveer Albert Ekka, Ramdas Tudu, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, etc and their life story, kritiyan and contribution

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 01

• Adult, continuing education: Pre and post independent India, adult education perspectives: Asian, Latin American, European, and American, extension education and services in India: Phases and movements, extension as “third dimension” of higher education
• New approaches in extension education and services in India, national open school, field organisation practices, need, concept, types and characteristics of lifelong learning programmes in India, opportunities for lifelong learning and extension
• Agencies in lifelong learning in and outside India, comparative studies in adult education: Parameters, trends and analysis

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 02

• Liberal, behaviouristic, progressive, humanistic, radical and analytical approaches of adult education, social and educational perspectives of Tagore, Gandhi, Vivekananda, Radhakrishnan, Ambedkar and other Indian thinkers, andragogy and pedagogy
• Attributes and distinctive features of adult learning and development, motivational aspects of adult learning, values in adult education, and challenges of contemporary society, individual vs. group learning approaches in adult education
• Experiences and learning from agriculture, home science, community health and technology, learning needs of diverse group of adult learners, theories of adult learning, professionalization of adult education, prior learning: Concept, issues and challenges
• Prior learning: Equivalence and academic credit for continuing education courses

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 03

• Education: Status, challenges, and alternatives, guidance and counselling: Individual and group counselling, emergence of distance learning, autonomous learning and online learning, transformational learning: Use of different media in education, ICT
• Transformational learning: World wide web, mobile technologies, multimedia packages, computer aided learning (CAL), audio-visual aids, digital India, Swayam, MOOC courses, UDAAN, e-library, virtual learners and virtual learning centers
• ICT in handling information: Storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information, online teaching, challenges and benefits of online learning, differentiated instructions in an online environment

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 04

• Meaning, definition of curriculum: Need for curriculum, curriculum theory, and practice, identification of needs and interests of lifelong learners, objectives of curriculum development, principles of curriculum development and its approaches
• Curriculum planning: Need and implementation, evaluation: Process-product-feedback mechanism, curriculum development-supporting systems, teaching methods, teaching and learning materials and aids for lifelong learning
• Preparation of books and audio visual material for neo-literates: Processes, contents, and field testing of materials, agencies engaged in preparation of materials, type of teaching-learning materials: Print, online and offline

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 05

• Concept, principles, and functions of management, programme planning, organisation, and control, job specifications of personnel engaged in university-community engagement, skill development, continuing education and other extension programmes
• Training and development: Family-based, off the job and on the job, training of functionaries in adult, continuing education, lifelong education through participatory approach, skill development initiatives: State-promoted
• Skill development initiatives: NGO-promoted and public private partnerships (PPP), field skills, teaching methods of adults, training methods for training for functionaries, management of a training programme, evaluation of social development programmes

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 06

• Concept, methods, and practices of communication, models: Agriculture, community health, educational and social marketing, modes of communication; conventional and ICT-driven, people’s participation in development
• People’s organisation (community based organisation, state promoted organisation), programmes: Individual centric and group centric, development communication planning and operationalization, emerging technologies in communication for social development
• Communication in extension: Government, semi-government, nongovernment, corporate agencies etc

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 07

• Development and its indicators, millennium development goals (MDGs), sustainable development goals (SDGs), population education: Concept and paradigm shifts, social and distributive justice, issues of marginalization and pedagogy: Women, tribals
• Issues of marginalization and pedagogy: Minorities, transgender, aged and persons with disability, value based education, inequality in social system and social mobility, interventions in specific concern areas of children, bonded labour and gender
• Interventions in general areas of concern: Water, health, energy, disaster, and environment, social and professional ethics

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 08

• Concept, scope, policy and programmes of vocational education and skill development, market requirements and skilling status, operationalization of the concept of vocational education in adult
• Continuing education and lifelong Learning through state supported structures like Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and non state supported structures of industrial and business houses
• Emergence of micro-enterprises like self help groups and mega-enterprises like SEWA, skilling India: Skill sectors, national skill development policy, programme, and implementation mechanism
• Structure of skilling programmes, certification, and equivalence, Make-In India, start-up, stand up, Mudra banks, entrepreneurship, analysis of such efforts at micro and mega level

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 09

• Philosophical roots, history, elements and significance of social science research, qualitative and quantitative action research, research design: Meaning and types; descriptive, analytical, exploratary, basic, applied, action
• Research design: Survey and case study research, sources of data: Primary and secondary, collection of secondary data: Historical documents, archival material, published sources, journals, internet sources, census, NSS and statistical reports
• Population and sampling, data collection and its tools, organisation of research, analysis, generalization and report writing, documentation and dissemination of the research work, content analysis, survey and case studies
• Currents trends of research in adult and continuing education (national and international), emerging areas of research in adult and continuing education and extension, ethical concerns in social science research

Adult and continuing education and extension: Unit 10

• Beyond literacy and numeracy, resolving the dilemmas of institutional and non-institutional learning, localising the learning and cultural context of a learner, harmonizing the skill of individual with the potential employers
• Personalised and customised educational opportunities of adult learner, network based learning, open option based learning, building learning communities, search for an ever-evolving educational policy, towards a learning society

Physical education: Unit 01

• Philosophies of education as applied to physical education, development of physical education in Greece, Rome, Sweden, Russia, England, Denmark, Germany, USA, Australia, and China
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (a) Recreation-its principles, characteristics, and importance. Modern trends in recreation. Indoor and outdoor recreational programmes. Recreational programmes for various categories of people
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (b) Wellness-its importance, benefits, and challenges. Development and maintenance of wellness. (c) Teaching aptitude: Nature, objectives, characteristics of teaching
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (c) Teaching aptitude-learner characteristics and teaching methods. (d) Social aspects of sports: Sports as a socializing agency, social values, sports leadership
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (d) Social aspects of sports-sports as cultural heritage and social aspects of competition. (e) Ancient and modern Olympics games, Asian, and Commonwealth games
• Growth and development of physical education in India: (f) Structure and functions of international and national bodies controlling various games and sports. Prominent honours and awards in games, and sports

Physical education: Unit 02

• Cardiorespiratory adaptations to long and short term physical activities
• Muscle: Its types, characteristics, and functions. Microscopic structure of muscle fiber. Sliding filament theory of muscular contraction. Types of muscle fibers and sports performance. Muscular adaptations to exercise
• Muscle: Neuromuscular junction and transmission of nerve impulse, kinesthetic sense organs, and neural control of motor skills
• Biochemical aspects of exercise: Metabolism of food products. Aerobic and anaerobic systems during rest and exercise. Direct and indirect methods of measuring energy cost of exercise
• Recovery process: Physiological aspects of fatigue. Restoration of energy stores. Recovery oxygen. Nutritional aspects of performance
• Environmental influence on human physiology under exercise
• Women in sports: Trainability. Physiological gender differences and special problems of women athletes
• Aging: Physiological consequences, lifestyle management, and healthful aging
• Physiological responses of various therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation
• Physiological aspects of various Ergogenic aids
• Massage manipulations and their physiological responses

Physical education: Unit 03

• Modern trends in biomechanics
• Planes and axes of human body
• Joints and their movements
• Muscle attachments-origin, insertion, action, and leverage of the principal muscles used in sports
• Motion-its laws and their application in sports
• Projectile and principles of projections
• Linear and angular kinematics, and kinetics
• Friction, spin, impact, and elasticity
• Air and water dynamics
• Mechanical advantage and applications of Levers in sports
• Posture and its deformities with their corrective exercises
• Kinesiological, muscular, and mechanical analyses of fundamental movements: Mechanical analyses of major sports skills

Physical education: Unit 04

• Motivation in sports-types, theories, and dynamics
• Psychological factors affecting sports performance-emotions, anxiety aggression, stress ,self confidence, concentration, mental practice, and goal setting
• Personality-theories of personality, measurement of personality
• Group dynamics, group cohesion, and leadership in sports
• Cognitive process-memory and thinking
• Principles of motor skill learning
• Transfer of training and its types with its implication in sports
• Long and short term psychological preparation for performance/ competition
• Psychological skill training for activation and relaxation
• Spectators and sports performance

Physical education: Unit 05

• Comparative study of professional preparation in physical education of India with those of USA, Russia, Germany, Australia, and UK
• Professional and other courses of physical education in India
• Role of Government agencies monitoring professional courses in physical education
• Qualities, qualifications, and responsibilities of physical education personnel at primary, secondary, and higher education levels
• Scope of physical education personnel in the promotion of health, fitness, and wellness
• Recent Government policies for promoting physical education and sports in India
• Hierarchy of organizational set-up in physical education at schools, colleges, and university level
• Role of public and private sectors in the promotion of physical education and sports in the country
• Curriculum development: Concepts and principles of curriculum planning. Subject matter for different levels of education-primary, secondary, and higher education
• Curriculum design and content: Importance, selection, and classification of subject matter with reference to age, sex and differently abled pupils. Integrated programme for boys and girls
• Teaching aids: Time-table, concepts, credit system for various subject courses theory and practical, impact of technology in physical education and sports
• Curriculum evaluation: Concepts and purpose; procedure and appraisal

Physical education: Unit 06

• Health education, its importance, and principles
• Role of genetics and environment in achieving health
• Health-related physical fitness
• Community health programme: Health appraisal and health instructions. International and national health promoting government and private agencies
• School health programme and personal hygiene
• Communicable diseases: causes, symptoms, prevention through other means and immunization
• Psychosomatic disorders/ sedentary lifestyle diseases: Causes, symptoms, and prevention
• Obesity related health problems
• Body weight control and its significance on health
• Role of exercise, dieting, and combination of exercise and dieting on weight control
• First-aid: Objectives and principles. First-aid for shock, poisoning, burns, drowning, bleeding, electric shock and common sports injuries
• Pollution: Air, water, sound, and radiation. Effects of pollution on health, preventive and safety measures from pollution
• Nutrition: Balanced diet and its components. Nutritional deficiencies. Understanding of malnutrition and nutritional supplements
• Effects of smoking, alcohol, and drugs on health; prevention and rehabilitation

Physical education: Unit 07

• Training load, its features, principles, and adaptation process
• Means and methods of executing training load
• Overload, its causes, symptoms, and remedial measures
• Strength: Its characteristics, types of strength, factors determining strength, and strength development
• Endurance: Its characteristics, types of endurance, factors determining endurance, and endurance development
• Speed: Its characteristics, types of speed, factors determining speed and speed development
• Flexibility: Its characteristics, types of flexibility, factors determining flexibility and flexibility development
• Coordinative abilities: Its characteristics, types of coordinative abilities, factors determining coordinative abilities and development of coordinative abilities
• Technique and skill: Its characteristics and importance. Different stages of technique development and technique training. Tactics and strategy
• Planning: Its importance and principles. Types of planning
• Periodization: Its importance, objectives, and types of periodization. Concept of different periods-preparatory, competition, and transitional
• Types of competition: Talent identification-process and procedure

Physical education: Unit 08

• Ethical issues in research
• Methods of research: Descriptive, historical, and experimental. Experimental research designs
• Identification and formulation of research problem
• Types of research hypotheses and their formulation
• Hypotheses testing
• Tools of research: Questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and observation
• Sources and steps of literature search: Library, research databases, internet-search engines, online journals. Note taking and critical reading
• Sampling techniques: Probability and non probability
• Data, its types, and collecting measures
• Normal probability curve and grading scales
• Statistical processes, their importance, and uses in research
• Application of parametric and non parametric statistical techniques in research
• Computer applications: Statistical packages for data analysis-SPSS, e-mail, search engines and Microsoft office
• Preparation of research proposal, report, abstract, paper for publication and paper for presentation

Physical education: Unit 09

• Principles and processes of evaluation in physical education
• Criteria of selecting an appropriate test and administration of testing programme
• Types of tests and construction of standard knowledge and skill tests
• Tests for fitness: Physical fitness, motor fitness, motor ability, and motor educability. Health related fitness tests
• Test for fitness components: Strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and coordinative abilities
• Sports skill tests: Badminton, basketball, football, hockey, tennis, and volleyball
• Anthropometric measurements: Land marks and measurement of various body segments, height, sitting-height, weight, diameters, circumferences, skin folds, body mass index, ponderal index
• Somatotype and Posture evaluating techniques
• Testing of physiological phenomenons: Blood pressure, breathing frequency vital capacity, heart rate, pulse rate, body temperature and body composition
• Tests for psychological variables: Anxiety, aggression, team cohesion, achievement motivation, mental-toughness, and self-efficacy

Physical education: Unit 10

• Scope of management in physical education and sports
• Guiding principles for organizing physical education and sports programmes in institutions
• Personnel management: Objectives and principles. Self-appraisal, communication skills and time management. Essential skills of administration
• Financial management: Objectives, purposes, principles, and scope. Planning and preparation of budget. Mechanics of purchase and auditing
• Supervision: Objectives, principles, and importance of supervision. Techniques of supervision. Duties and responsibilities of a supervisor
• Facility management: Planning, procuring, and maintenance of facilities-indoor and outdoor facilities. Planning and management of sports infrastructure. Management of records
• Role of sports manager: Interpersonal, informational, and decision making. Managerial skills-technical, human, and conceptual. Qualities and qualification of sports manager
• Event management: Its principles, planning, check list, rehearsal, itinerary, execution, reporting and follow-up procedures of an event
• Public relation: Principles of public relations in physical education and sports
• Mass media: Communication and publicity, qualifications of public relation officer

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 01

• Socio-religious conditions of pre-Islamic Arabia, political and economic condition, Prophet’s life at Makkah and Madina, migration: Importance and implications, formation of Islamic state and society at Madina
• The Prophet (PBUH) as a law giver, statesman and mercy to mankind, institution of Khilafat: Importance and relevance, consolidation of Arabia under Caliph Abu Bakr, expansion and administration of Islamic state under Caliph Umar
• Expansion and political developments under Caliph Uthman and Caliph Ali, achievements of Khilafat-e-Rashida

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 02

• The establishment of Umayyad dynasty, prominent rulers, prominent Sahaba and Tabaie scholars, Arabisation of the state, social and economic conditions, administration, education, development of Arabic language and literature, art and architecture
• Causes of decline

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 03

• The establishment of the Abbasid rule, prominent rulers, prominent scholars, administration, socio cultural developments, development of religious sciences, education and educational institutions, development of Arabic language and literature
• Art and architecture, trade and commerce, relations with neighbouring states, causes of decline

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 04

• The establishment of Umayyad rule in Spain, the conquest of Sicily, prominent rulers, prominent scholars and their impact on the west, socio cultural developments, contribution to science and literature
• Development of libraries and educational institutions, agriculture, trade, and commerce, art and architecture, disintegration of the empire: Emergence of small city-state, Muwahhidin and Murabitin: Emergence and decline
• Fall of Granada and Spanish inquisition

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 05

• Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Samanids, Fatimids, Khwarizm Shah, Mamluks, Aghlabids, Hamdanids, Idrisids, Tulunids, Ikhshidid, Ayyubids, Qachars

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 06

• Origin and development of Ottoman empire, prominent Ottoman rulers, the Ottoman administration and army, socio religious and educational conditions, the Ottoman society, the Ottomans and the west, art and architecture
• The Ottoman decline: Causes, origin and development of Safavid empire, Shah Ismail and the promotion of Shi´ism, Shah-Abbas and the administrative reforms, art and architecture, trade and commerce

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 07

• Advent of Islam in India (Kerala), Islam in Sindh: Muhammad bin Qasim’s administration and religious policy, establishment of Delhi sultanate, administration during the sultanate period, socio religious and educational conditions
• Madaris and their syllabus, contribution to Fiqh and Hadith literature, the Mughal rule and administration, socio religious and educational scenario during the Mughal rule
• Contribution to Fiqh and Hadith literature (Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlvi and others), Mughal art and architecture, industry, trade, and commerce, 1757: British colonialism and its expansion
• 1857: First war of independence and its consequences, role of Muslims in the freedom struggle: Khilafat and non-cooperation movements

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 08

• Collection and compilation of Quran, ethical, social, political and economic teachings of the Quran, origin and development of Tafsir literature, classical Tafsir: Al-Tabari, Al-Razi and Zamakhshari, Tafsir in the modern age: Tafsir al-Manar
• Tafsir in the modern age: Fi-zilal al-Quran, Bayan al-Quran, Tarjuman al-Quran, Tafhim al-Quran, Tadabbur al-Quran and Tafsir al-Quran, origin and development of Hadith literature, compilation of Hadith literature, Riwayah and Dirayah, Muwatta, Musnad
• Sihah E-Sitta and their compilers (authors), origin and development of Fiqh literature, sources of Islamic Fiqh

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 09

• Origin and development of Muslim philosophy, classical Muslim philosophers: Al-Kindi, Farabi, Ibn-Sina, Al-Ghazzali, Ibne Rushd, Qadariyya, Murji'ah, Khawarij, Mutazilites, and Asharites, origin and development of Sufism

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 10

• Prominent Sufis: Hasan al-Basri, Junaid Baghdadi, Ibn-Arabi and Sheikh Ali Hujwiri, Major Sufi orders: Chishtiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Qadiriyya, Naqshbandiyya, Muslim contribution to natural and social sciences: Medicine, mathematics, astronomy
• Muslim contribution to natural and social sciences: Historiography, geography, chemistry, and botany, prominent classical thinkers and scientists Al-Mawardi, Al-Biruni, Ibn-Taymiyya, Ibn-Khaldun, Ibn al-Baytar, Ibn al-Haytham etc

Arab culture and Islamic studies: Unit 11

• Advent of Western modernity and technology in Egypt and India, Muhammad Ali Pasha and his reforms, Tanzimat, sir Syed and his educational movement, modern religious movements: The Wahhabiyya, the Sokoto and Faraizi movement
• Shah Waliullah and his movement, Syed Ahmad Shaheed and his movement, Ikhwan al-Muslimun and Jamaat E-Islami, Young Turk Movement, Nursi movement, Arab nationalism: Abdul Rahman al-Kawakibi
• Western modernity in Turkey and Iran: Mustafa Kemal and Reza Shah, muslim modernist thinkers: Ali-Abdul Raziq, Qasim Amin, Fazlur Rahman, contemporary Muslim organisations and schools of thought: Deoband, Nadwa, the Salafis, and Barelvis
• Modern Islamic thinkers: Jamaluddin-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, Rashid Rida, Hasan al- Banna, Syed Qutb, Shibli Nomani, Allama Iqbal, Abul-A´la Maududi, Ayatullah Khomeini, Ali Shariati and Ahmad Kasravi Tabrizi
• The Iranian revolution, the Palestine problem-liberation organisation: PLO, Hamas, and Hezbollah, the Arab spring, Egypt: Democracy on trial, conflicts in West Asia: Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Yeman, Indo-Arab relations

Indian culture: Unit 01

• Traditional and modern concepts of culture-notions of culture in textual tradition, anthropological, archaeological and sociological understanding of the term culture
• Elements of culture, concept of Indianness and value system
• Relation between culture and civilization
• Historiography and approaches to the study of Indian culture–stereotypes, objectivity and bias, imperialist, nationalist, Marxist and subaltern
• Heritage of India and world’s debt to Indian culture

Indian culture: Unit 02

• Archaeological: Cultural remains, monuments, numismatics, epigraphy; literary sources and oral traditions; foreign accounts; archival sources

Indian culture: Unit 03

• Stone Age cultures-Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic; protohistoric cultures-chalcolithic horizon, Harappan culture-current debates on nomenclature and scripts, town planning and architecture, art, social, religious and economic life
• Evolution of India’s main language families

Indian culture: Unit 04

• Early vedic and later Vedic ideas and institutions: social, religious, economic, political, and scientific
• Post Vedic-religious movements and emergence of states, Shramana traditions-Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivikas and other sects
• Education system and centres-Taxila and Kashi

Indian culture: Unit 05

• Ideas and institutions: Social, religious, economic, and political
• Ashoka’s dhamma
• Scripts-Brahmi and Kharosthi
• Impact of foreign invasions
• Art and architecture
• Literature-Arthashastra, Manusmriti, Natyashastra, Panchatantra, Buddhacarita, and Saundarananda
• Scientific achievements-Nagarjuna, Sushruta, and Charaka
• Education system and centres
• Sangam age-society and culture
• Contacts with outside world

Indian culture: Unit 06

• Ideas and institutions: Social, religious, philosophical, economic, and political
• Scientific achievements-mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy
• Art and architecture-evolution of temples, paintings of Ajanta, and Bagh
• Literature-Kalidasa, Banabhatta, Bharavi, Magha, Bhavabhuti, Dandi
• Canonical texts-Vishnu Dharmottara Purana
• Education system and centres-Nalanda, Valabhi
• Contacts with outside world

Indian culture: Unit 07

• Legacies of classical ideas and emergence of new trends: Society-proliferation of castes, outcastes, vishti, slavery
• Position of women
• Polity-feudalism
• Economy-de-urbanization and agrarian system
• Religion: Vedic-Puranic, Shramana tradition, Tantra, Bhakti movements
• Philosophical thoughts-Shad Darshana
• Philosophers-Shankara, Ramanuja
• Pilgrimage tradition
• Art and architecture-Nagara, Dravida, Bhumija, Vesara
• Education system and centres-Vikramashila, Nalanda, etc
• Scientific achievements-mathematics, astronomy
• Literature-Kalhana’s Rajatarangini and Al-biruni's’ kitab-ul hind
• Contacts with Islam
• Canonical texts-Samarangana-Sutradhara, Manasara, Bhuvana Pradeepa, Sadhanamala

Indian culture: Unit 08

• Delhi sultanate-ideas and institutions: Political-Iqta; impact of the new ruling class on society
• Economic-market reforms, growth of new urban centres, percolation of Islam in rural areas, resistance and acceptance
• Extent of slavery
• Religion-Acharya traditions, Bhakti tradition, Kabir and Ravidas, emergence of sufism-Chishti and Suhrawardi
• Art and architecture-emergence of sultanate school of architecture and paintings, regional styles
• Religious and secular structures
• Literature-Sanskrit, Persian, regional languages and emergence of Hindawi
• Amir Khusrau, Chand Bardai
• Education system
• Vijayanagar empire: Ideas and institutions-political, Nayankara
• Art and architecture, literature
• Educational institutions

Indian culture: Unit 09

• Ideas and institutions: Polity-Mansab and Jagir, Watan Jagir, economy-Zamindari, and Zabt
• Society-aristocracy, emergence of middle classes, labourers, slaves
• Position of women
• Religion and philosophy-growth of Vaishnava Bhakti, Pantheism, and Sufi traditions
• Sulh-i Kul, Naqshbandis
• Guru Nanak, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Meerabai, Narayanabhatta, Raghunandana
• Literature development in Sanskrit, Persian and vernacular languages-Tulasi Dasa, Suradasa, Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, Abul Fazl, Faizi, Badauni, Banarasidas (Ardhakathanaka)
• Translation of religious texts by Akbar and Dara-Shikoh
• Art and architecture-emergence of Mughal schools; temples of Vrindavan-Gobinda Deva and Keshava Das temple; four quarter gardens
• Introduction of new education curriculum from Akbar’s period onwards Dars-i Nizami
• Religious syncretism in coinage, miniatures, and structures
• Science and technology
• Introduction of mechanical devices, Panderm gearing and astrolabe; Sawai Jai Singh observatories
• Arrival of Europeans and their impact-Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French

Indian culture: Unit 10

• Emergence of successor states and cultural developments: Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and Rajputana
• Impact of western ideas and Indian responses: European studies of India; William Jones and Asiatic Society; fort William college; influence of Christian missionaries
• Emergence and development of new education system
• Indian cultural renaissance
• Socio-religious reform movements: Reformists-Brahmo Samaj, Aligarh movement, Ramakrishna mission and theosophical society; revivalist-Wahabi and Arya Samaj movement
• Dalit movements; Sikh reform movements
• Administrative measures: Legislation on women, education, and social evils
• Literature: Emergence of Shahr Ashob; Urdu-Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal; Hindi-Bhartendu Harishchandra, Prem Chand; Bengali-Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam
• Science and technology: Emergence of modern science and technology

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 01

• Development of management thought, contributions of Taylor, Fayol, Mayo, Mary Parker Follett and C.I. Barnard
• Behavioural approach, systems approach, quantitative approach, and contingency approach
• Function of management: Planning and decision making, organising, staffing, directing, controlling, coordinating

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 02

• Conceptual framework, human resource planning, job analysis, recruitment, selection, placement, induction, training and development, performance management, job evaluation, compensation management, employee benefits and incentives, managing career
• New trends in HRM: Changing environment of HRM and contemporary challenges, emerging HRM concepts

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 03

• Concepts, assumptions, values, HRD mechanisms, action-research model, HRD culture and climate, HRD interventions, HR accounting and audit, consultant-client relationship, knowledge management, human resource information system
• International human resource management (IHRM): Organisational context of IHRM, IHRM and sustainable business, functions of IHRM, cross-cultural studies, cultural diversity, transnational organisations, IHRM models

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 04

• Concept, scope, nature of human behavior, personality, perception, learning, attitude, motivation, interpersonal behaviour, group dynamics, leadership, communication, power and authority, stress, organisational change and development

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 05

• Concept, scope, evolution, approaches, actors and models, conflict and cooperation, Bi-partitism, Tri-partitism, collective bargaining, workers’ participation in management, grievance handling and disciplinary action, code of conduct
• Industrial relations in changing scenario, employers’ organisations
• Trade unions: Concepts, evolution, Problems of trade unions in India, recognition, the trade unions act, 1926. Emerging role of trade unions in India

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 06

• Factors, forms, trends, prevention, and settlement, role of state and central labour administration, strikes and lockouts
• The industrial employment (standing orders) act, 1946
• The industrial disputes act, 1947

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 07

• Objectives, principles, classification, and evolution
• International labour organisation, social justice and labour legislation, Indian constitution and labour laws
• The factories act, 1948
• The mines act, 1952
• The inter-state migrant workmen (regulation of employment and conditions of service) act, 1979
• The contract labour (regulation and abolition) act, 1970
• The building and other construction workers (regulation of employment and conditions of service) act, 1996
• The child labour (prohibition and regulation) act, 1986

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 08

• Concept, types, factors influencing wages, wage theories and wage differentials
• The minimum wages act, 1948
• The payment of wages act, 1936
• The payment of bonus act, 1965
• The equal remuneration act, 1976
• The payment of gratuity act, 1972
• The employees’ provident fund and miscellaneous provisions act, 1952

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 09

• Concept, scope, types, theories and principles, industrial health and hygiene, industrial accidents and safety, occupational diseases
• Social security: Concept and scope, social assistance and social assurance

Labour welfare/ personnel management/ industrial relations/ labour and social welfare/ human resource management: Unit 10

• Features, demand and supply of labour, nature and composition of Indian labour force, unemployment and underemployment, types of labour market, characteristics of Indian labour market, new dynamics of labour market in India
• Economic systems and labor market, problems of labour in India

Law: Unit 01

• Nature and sources of law, schools of jurisprudence, law and morality, concept of rights and duties, legal personality, concepts of property, ownership, and possession, concept of liability, law, poverty, and development, global justice
• Modernism and postmodernism

Law: Unit 02

• Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy
• Union and state executive, and their interrelationship, union and state legislature and distribution of legislative powers, judiciary, emergency provisions, temporary, transitional, and special provisions in respect of certain states
• Election commission of India, nature, scope, and importance of administrative law, principle of natural justice, judicial review of administrative actions-grounds

Law: Unit 03

• International law-definition, nature, and basis, sources of international law, recognition of states and governments, nationality, immigrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons (IDPs), extradition and asylum, united nations and its organs
• Settlement of international disputes, world trade organization (WTO), international humanitarian law (IHL)-conventions and protocols, implementation of IHL-challenges

Law: Unit 04