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Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 01

• Pre-Islamic Arabia, Prophet Muhammad and his life at Makkah, his migration to Madinah, Prophet’s life at Madinah, formulation of social system at Madinah (early phase), basic teachings of Islamic faith, formation of Islamic state at Madinah
• Socio-economic and political system of Islam, achievements of Prophet Muhammad

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 02

• Institution of Khilafat, Hazrat Abu Bakr: Life and achievements, Hazrat Umar: Life and the administration, expansion, and consolidation of Islamic state during the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman: Life and political problems faced by him
• Hazrat Ali: His life and internal conflicts, general assessment of Khilafat-e-Rashidah

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 03

• Establishment of Umayyad dynasty, the policy of Arab nationalism adopted by the Umayyads, social conditions under the Umayyad rule, expansion and consolidation of the state system of education under the Umayyads
• Development of Arabic language and literature, art and architecture under the Umayyads, decline of the Umayyad rule

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 04

• Establishment of Abbasid rule, important Caliphs and achievements, socio-cultural and religious developments, development of education, progress in the fields of various sciences and literature, contribution of Abbasids to fine arts
• Art and architecture under Abbasids, decline of Abbasid rule

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 05

• The collection and compilation of Quran, ethical and philosophical teachings, socioeconomic and political teachings, the origin and development of Tafsir literature, important commentators: Mohammed Bin-Jarir al-Tabari, Razi, Zamakhshari
• Important commentators: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Abul Ala Maududi, Abul Kalam Azad, Ashraf Ali Thanvi

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 06

• Process of collection and compilation of Hadith, early collections of Hadith, transmission and scrutiny of Hadith, major collection of Hadith, genesis of Islamic Fiqh and its development, source of Islamic law, schools of Islamic law
• Contemporary problem and Islamic Fiqh

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 07

• Idrisis and Aghlabids, Tulunids and Ikhshidies, Hamadanis and Tahirids, Samanis and Safavids, Anacharis and Pahlavis, Ghaznavids, Seljuks and Khwarizmi Shahids

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 08

• Fatimids, Zangids, Nurids, Ayyubids, Mamluks

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 09

• Iranian society on the eve of Islam, emergence and spread of Islam in Iran, development of Islamic sciences, religious idea: Ithna Ashari, Ismailis, Usulis, Babis and Bahais, development of Persian literature, contribution of art and architecture
• Revolution of 1979

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 10

• Conquest of Spain, Umayyad rule in Spain, socio-cultural development in Spain, intellectual, educational and literary development in Spain, art and architecture under Umayyads in Spain, Cordova and Granada, decline of Umayyad rule in Spain

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 11

• Establishment of Ottoman empire, rise of Ottomans, important Ottoman rulers, contribution of Ottoman to various sciences, contribution of Ottoman to art and architecture, decline of Ottoman empire

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 12

• Medicine, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, historiography, geography, rational sciences

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 13

• Painting, calligraphy, music, glass work, pottery, engraving, handicraft, salient features of Islamic architecture

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 14

• Mawardi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Waliullah, Syed Qutub Shaheed, Hassan al-Banna, Allama Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Muhammad Abduh

Arabic-Paper-II: Unit 01

Arabic-Paper-II: Unit 02

Arabic-Paper-II: Unit 03

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 01

• Sets, relations, functions
• Pigeonhole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, equivalence, and partial orderings, elementary counting techniques, probability
• Measure (s) for information and mutual information
• Computability: Models of computation-finite automata, pushdown automata, non-determinism and NFA, DPDA, AND PDAS and languages accepted by these structures. Grammars, languages, non-computability and examples of non-computable problems
• Graph: Definition, walks, paths, trails, connected graphs, regular and bipartite graphs, cycles and circuits. Tree and rooted tree. Spanning trees. Eccentricity of a vertex radius and diameter of a graph. Central graphs. Centre (s) of a tree
• Graph: Hamiltonian and Eulerian graphs, planar graphs
• Groups: Finite fields and error correcting/ detecting codes

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 02

• Propositional (Boolean) logic, predicate logic, well-formed-formulae (WFF), satisfiability and tautology
• Logic families: TTL, ECL, and CMOS gates. Boolean algebra and minimization of Boolean functions, flip-flops-types, race condition, and comparison. Design of combinational and sequential circuits
• Representation of integers: Octal, hex, decimal, and binary. 2's complement and 1's complement arithmetic. Floating point representation

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 03

• Programming in C: Elements of C-tokens, identifiers, data types in C. Control structures in C, Sequence, selection, and iteration (s). Structured data types in C-arrays, struct, union, string, and pointers
• 0-0 programming concepts: Class, object, instantiation. Inheritance, polymorphism, and overloading
• C++ programming: Elements of C++-tokens, identifiers. Variables and constants, data types, operators, control statements. Functions parameter passing. Class and objects. Constructors and destructors. Overloading, inheritance, templates, exception handling

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 04

• E-R diagrams and their transformation to relational design, normalization-INF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF. Limitations of 4NF and BCNF
• SQL: Data definition language (DDL), data manipulation language (DML), data control language (DCL) commands. Database objects like-views, indexes, sequences, synonyms, data dictionary

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 05

• Data, information, definition of data structure
• Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, graphs, priority queues, and heaps
• File structures: Fields, records, and files. Sequential, direct, index-sequential, and relative files. Hashing, inverted lists and multi-lists. B trees and Bᶧ trees

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 06

• Network fundamentals: Local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), wide area networks (WAN), wireless networks, inter networks
• Reference models: The OSI model, TCP/ IP model
• Data communication: Channel capacity. Transmission media-twisted pair, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, wireless transmission-radio, microwave, infrared, and millimeter waves. Light wave transmission. Telephones-local loop, trunks, multiplexing
• Data communication: Telephones-switching, narrowband ISDN, broadband ISDN, ATM, high speed LANS. Cellular radio. Communication satellites-geosynchronous and low-orbit
• Internetworking: Switch/ hub, bridge, router, gateways, concatenated virtual circuits, tunnelling, fragmentation, firewalls
• Routing: Virtual circuits and datagrams. Routing algorithms. Congestion control
• Network security: Cryptography-public key, secret key. Domain name system (DNS)-electronic mail and worldwide web (WWW). The DNS, resource records, name servers. E-mail-architecture and serves

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 07

• Assembly language fundamentals (8085 based assembly language programming)
• Assemblers-2-pass and single-pass
• Macros and macro processors
• Loading, linking, relocation, program relocatability
• Linkage editing
• Text editors
• Programming environments
• Debuggers and program generators
• Compilation and interpretation
• Bootstrap compilers
• Phases of compilation process
• Lexical analysis
• Lex package on unix system
• Context free grammars
• Parsing and parse trees
• Representation of parse (derivation) trees as rightmost and leftmost derivations
• Bottom up parsers-shift-reduce, operator precedence, and LR
• Yacc package on unix system
• Top down parsers-left recursion and its removal
• Recursive descent parser
• Predictive parser, intermediate codes-quadruples, triples, intermediate code generation, code generation, code optimization

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 08

• Main functions of operating systems
• Multiprogramming, multiprocessing, and multitasking
• Memory management: Virtual memory, paging, fragmentation
• Concurrent processing: Mutual exclusion. Critical regions, lock, and unlock
• Scheduling: CPU scheduling, I/O scheduling, resource scheduling, deadlock and scheduling algorithms. Banker's algorithm for deadlock handling
• UNIX: The Unix system-file system, process management, Bourne shell, shell variables, command line programming. Filters and commands: Pr, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, uniq, tr, join, etc, grep, egrep, fgrep, etc, sed, awk, etc
• UNIX: System calls (like): Create, open, close, read, write, iseek, link, unlink, stat, fstat, umask, chmod, exec, fork, wait, system

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 09

• System development life cycle (SDLO): Steps, waterfall model, prototypes, spiral model
• Software metrics: Software project management
• Software design: System design, detailed design, function oriented design, object oriented design, user interface design. Design level metrics
• Coding and testing: Testing level metrics. Software quality and reliability. Clean room approach, software reengineering

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 10

• The topics of current interest in computer science and computer applications shall be covered. The experts shall use their judgment from time to time to include the topics of popular interest
• Which are expected to be known for an application development software professional, currently, they include: Parallel computing-Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) libraries and calls. Advanced architectures
• Parallel computing: Today's fastest computers
• Mobile computing: Mobile connectivity-cells, framework, wireless delivery technology, and switching methods, mobile information access devices, mobile data internetworking standards, cellular data communication protocols, mobile computing applications
• Mobile computing: Mobile databases-protocols, scope, tools, and technology. M-business
• E-technologies: Electronic commerce-framework, media convergence of applications, consumer applications, organization applications. Electronic payment systems: Digital token, smart cards, credit cards, risks in electronic payment system
• E-technologies: Electronic payment systems-designing electronic payment systems. Electronic data interchange (EDI): Concepts, applications, (legal, security and privacy) issues, EDI and electronic commerce, standardization and EDI
• E-technologies: Electronic data interchange (EDI)-EDI software implementation, EDI envelope for message transport, internet-based EDI. Digital libraries and data warehousing: Concepts, types of digital documents, Issues behind document infrastructure
• E-technologies: Digital libraries and data warehousing-corporate data warehouses, Software agents: Characteristics and properties of agents, technology behind software agents (applets, browsers and software agents). Broadband telecommunications: Concepts
• E-technologies: Broadband telecommunications-frame relay, cell relay, switched multimegabit data service, asynchronous transfer mode. Main concepts in geographical information system (GIS), e-cash, e-business, ERP packages
• E-technologies: Data warehousing-data warehouse environment, architecture of a data warehouse methodology, analysis, design, construction, and administration. Data mining: Extracting models and patterns from large databases, data mining techniques
• E-technologies: Data mining-classification, regression, clustering, summarization, dependency modelling, link analysis, sequencing analysis, mining scientific, and business data
• Windows programming: Introduction to windows programming-Win32, Microsoft foundation classes (MFC), documents, and views, resources, message handling in windows
• Simple applications (in windows): Scrolling, splitting views, docking toolbars, status bars, common dialogs
• Advanced windows programming: Multiple document interface (MDI), multithreading. Object linking and embedding (OLE). Activex controls. Active template library (ATL). Network programming

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Demand analysis-Marshallian, Hicksian, and revealed preference approaches, theory of production and costs, pricing and output under different forms of market structure, factor pricing analysis, elements of general equilibrium and new welfare economics

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Determination of output and employment-classical approach, Keynesian approach, consumption hypotheses, demand for money-Fisher and Cambridge versions, approaches of Keynesian, Friedman, Patinkin, Baumol, and Tobin
• Supply of money, determinants of money supply, high-powered money, money multiplier, Phillips curve analysis, business cycles-models of Samuelson, Hicks, and Kaldor
• Macroeconomic equilibrium-relative roles of monetary and fiscal policies

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Economic growth, economic development and sustainable development-importance of institutions-government and markets-perpetuation of underdevelopment-vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, structural view of underdevelopment
• Measurement of development conventional, HDI and quality of life indices, theories of development-classical, Marx, and Schumpeter; economic growth-Harrod-Domar model, instability of equilibrium, neoclassical growth-Solow’s model, steady state growth
• Approaches to development: Balanced growth, critical minimum effort, Big push, unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth, low income equilibrium trap, indicators and measurement of poverty
• Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development-choice of techniques and appropriate technology, investment criteria, elementary idea of cost-benefit analysis, trade and aid-international trade as ‘engine of growth’
• Trade and aid-globalization and LDC’s, objectives and role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development, techniques of planning; plan models in India; planning in a market-oriented economy

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Role of the government in economic activity-allocation, distribution, and stabilization functions; private, public, and merit goods, the public budgets-kinds of budgets, zero-base budgeting, different concepts of budget deficits
• The public budgets-budgets of the union government of India, public expenditure-hypotheses; effects and evaluation, public revenue-different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxation; elasticity and buoyancy
• Public revenue-taxable capacity, public debt-sources, effects, burden and its management, fiscal federalism-theory and problems; problems of centre-state financial relations in India, fiscal policy-neutral and compensatory and functional finance
• Fiscal policy-balanced budget multiplier

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Theories of international trade: Empirical verification and relevance, international trade under imperfect competition, terms of trade and economic growth-secular, deterioration of terms of trade hypothesis-a critical review
• Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in balance of payment-traditional, absorption and monetary approaches for adjustment in the balance of payments, foreign trade multiplier, impact of tariffs, partial, and general equilibrium analysis
• Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in balance of payment-political economy of non-tariff barriers, theory of regionalism at global level-collapse of Bretton-wood system, recent monetary reforms, trade policy and reforms in India

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Basic economic indicators-national income, performance of different sectors, trends in prices and money supply, agriculture-institutional and technological aspects, new agriculture policy, industry-new industrial policy and liberalization
• Money and banking-concepts of money supply, inflation, monetary policy and financial sector, reforms, public finance-trends in revenue and expenditures of the central and state government, public debt; analysis of the union budget
• Foreign trade-trends, balance of payments and trade reforms, poverty, unemployment, migration, and environment

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, elementary theory of probability-binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions, simple correlation and regression analysis, statistical inferences-applications
• Statistical inferences-sampling distributions (t, x², and f tests), sampling of attributes, testing of hypothesis, index numbers and time series analysis, sampling and census methods, types of sampling and errors

Education-paper-II: Unit 01

• Relationship of education and philosophy: Western schools of philosophy-idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, existentialism, Marxism with special reference to the concepts of knowledge, reality and values their educational implications for aims
• Relationship of education and philosophy: Western schools of philosophy-contents and methods of education. Indian schools of philosophy: (Sankhya, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism, Islamic traditions) with special reference to the concept of knowledge
• Relationship of education and philosophy: Indian schools of philosophy-with special reference to the concept of reality and values and their educational implications, contributions of Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi, and Aurobindo to educational thinking
• Relationship of education and philosophy: Indian schools of philosophy-national values as enshrined in the Indian constitution, and their educational implications, modern concept of philosophy: Analysis-logical analysis
• Relationship of education and philosophy: Modern concept of philosophy-logical empiricism, and positive relativism-(Morris L. Bigge)

Education-paper-II: Unit 02

• Relationship of sociology and education, meaning and nature of educational sociology and sociology of education, education-as a social sub-system, specific characteristics, education and the home
• Education and the community with special reference to Indian society, education and modernization, education and politics, education and religion, education and culture, education and democracy, socialization of the child
• Meaning and nature of social change, education as related to social stratification and social mobility, education as related to social equity and equality of educational opportunities
• Constraints on social change in India (caste, ethnicity, class, language, religion, regionalism), education of the socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society with special reference to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
• Women and rural population

Education-paper-II: Unit 03

• Relationship of education and psychology, process of growth and development-physical, social, emotional, and intellectual, development of concept formation, logical reasoning, problem solving and creative thinking; language development
• Process of growth and development-individual differences-determinants; role of heredity and environment; implications of individual differences for organizing educational programmes, intelligence-its theories and measurement
• Learning and motivation: Theories of learning-Thorndike is connectionism; Pavlov's classical and Skinner's operant conditioning; learning by insight; Hull's reinforcement theory and Tolman's theory of learning
• Learning and motivation: Lewin's-field theory-Gagne's hierarchy of learning, factors influencing learning, learning and motivation, transfer of learning and its theories, psychology and education of exceptional children-creative, gifted, backward
• Psychology and education of exceptional children-learning disabled, and mentally retarded, personality-type and trait theories, measurement of personality, mental health and hygiene-process of adjustment, conflicts and defence mechanism
• Mental health and hygiene-mental hygiene and mental health
• Sex education guidance

Education-paper-II: Unit 04

• Nature and scope of educational research: Meaning and nature, need and purpose, scientific inquiry and theory development-some emerging trends in research fundamental-applied and action research
• Formulation of research problem: Criteria and sources for identifying the problem, delineating and operationalizing variables, developing assumptions and hypothesis in various types of research
• Collection of data: Concept of population and sample, various methods of sampling, characteristics of a good sample
• Tools and techniques: Characteristics of a good research tool, types of research tools and techniques and their uses, questionnaire-interviews-observations, tests and scales, projective, and sociometric techniques
• Major approaches to research: Descriptive research, ex-post facto research, laboratory experiment, field experiment, field studies, historical research
• Analysis of data: Descriptive and inferential statistics. The null hypothesis. Test of significance, types of error, one-tailed, and two-tailed tests, the t-test, the F-test (one-way and ANOVA), non-parametric tests (chi-square test)
• Analysis of data: Biserial, point-biserial, tetrachoric and phi-coefficient of correlation, partial and multiple correlations

English-Paper-II: Unit 01

English-Paper-II: Unit 02

English-Paper-II: Unit 03

English-Paper-II: Unit 04

English-Paper-II: Unit 05

English-Paper-II: Unit 06

English-Paper-II: Unit 07

English-Paper-II: Unit 08

English-Paper-II: Unit 09

English-Paper-II: Unit 10

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Fundamental concepts; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; denudation and weathering; geosynclines, continental drift and plate tectonics; concept of geomorphic cycle; landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal, and karst cycles

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Composition and structure of the atmosphere; heat budget of the earth; distribution of temperature; atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; monsoon and jet stream; tropical and temperate cyclones; classification of world climates
• Koppen’s and thornthwaite’s schemes

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Ocean deposits; coral reefs; temperature and sanity of the oceans; density of seawater; tides and ocean currents
• Biogeography: World distribution of plants and animals; forms and functions of ecosystem; conservation and management of ecosystems; problems of pollution

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 04

• General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period; foundations of modern geography, determinism and possibilism; areal differentiation and spatial organization

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Patterns of world distribution; growth and density of population; patterns and processes of migration; demographic transition
• Settlement geography: Site, situation, types, size, spacing, and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; city-region; primate city; Rank-size rule; settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s central place theory
• Settlement geography: August Lösch's theory of market centres

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Sectors of economy: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary; natural resources; renewable and non-renewable
• Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; crop combination and diversification; Von Thunen’s model
• Classification of industries: Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; resource based and footloose industries
• Models of transportation and transport cost: Accessibility and connectivity

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Heartland and Rimland theories; boundaries and frontiers; nature of administrative areas and geography of public policy and finance
• Social geography: Ethnicity; tribe; dialect; language, caste and religion; concept of social well-being
• Cultural geography: Culture-areas and cultural regions; human races; habitat; economy and society of tribal groups

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Regional concept in geography; concept of planning regions; types of regions; methods of regional delineation; regional planning in India; indicators of development; regional imbalances; evolution
• Nature and scope of town planning with special reference to India, and fundamentals of town and country planning

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Physiographic divisions; climate: Its regional variations; vegetation types and vegetation regions; major soil types; irrigation and agriculture; population distribution and growth; settlement patterns; mineral and power resources
• Major industries and industrial regions

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Types of maps: Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; choropleth; isopleth and chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; mapping of location-specific data; accessibility and flow maps
• Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS)
• Statistical methods: Data sources and types of data; frequency distribution and cumulative frequency; measures of central tendency; selection of class intervals for mapping; measures of dispersion and concentration; standard deviation; Lorenz curve
• Methods of measuring association among different attributes; simple and multiple correlation; regression
• Nearest-neighbour analysis; scaling techniques; rank score; weighted score; sampling techniques for geographical analysis

History-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Bhartvarsha, Kara/ Vishti, Sabha And Samiti, Stridhana, Varnasrama, memorial stones, Purusharthas, Agraharas, Rina, Khilafat, Samskaras, Sulah-I-Kul, Yajna, Maharashtra-Dharma, doctrine of karma, Turkan-I-Chahlghani, Dandaniti/ Arthasastra, Watan
• Saptanga, Baluta, Dharmavijaya, Iqta, Stupa/ Chaitya, Jizyah, Nagara/ Dravida/ Vesara, Madad-I-Maash, Bodhisattva/ Tirthankara, Amaram, Alvars/ Nayanars, Raya-Rekho, Sreni, Jangama, Chauth, Dyarchy, Hundi (Bills Of Exchange), federalism, Sarraf
• Utilitarianism, polygars, filtration theory, Jagir, forward policy, Dastur, doctrine of lapse, Mansab (rank), Satyagraha, Deshmukh, Swadeshi, Nadu, revivalism, Pargana, communalism, Bengal Vaishnavism, orientalism, Alt Magha, de-industrialisation
• Shahna-i-mandi, subsidiary alliance, mercantilism, evangelicalism, economic nationalism, Bhudan, Indian renaissance, Panchsheel, economic drain, mixed economy, colonialism, Indian left, paramountcy, Hindu code bill

History-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Sources: Archaeological sources, exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments, literary sources, indigenous: Primary and secondary-problems of dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientific literature, literature in regional languages
• Sources: Indigenous-religious literature. Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arab writers
• Pre-history and proto-history: Man and environment-geographical factors. Hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic). Indus valley civilization-origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline
• Pre-history and proto-history: Indus valley civilization-survival and significance. Iron age: Second urbanization
• Vedic period: Migrations and settlements: Dating the Vedic, literary and archaeological evidences, evolution of social and political institutions; religious and philosophical ideas, rituals, and practices
• Period of Mahajanapadas: Formation of states (Mahajanapadas); republics and monarchies; rise of urban centres; trade routes; economic growth; introduction of coinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; rise of Magadha and Nandas
• Period of Mahajanapadas: Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact
• Mauryan empire: Foundation of the Mauryan empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya, and Arthashastra; Ashoka; concept of Dharma; edicts; Brahmi, and Kharosthi scripts. Administration; economy; architecture and sculpture; external contacts
• Mauryan empire: Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas
• Post-mauryan period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans, western Kshatrapas): Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art and architecture, literature, and science
• Early state and society-in eastern India, Deccan, and South India: Kharavela, the Satavahanas, Tamil states of the Sangam age, administration; economy, land grants; coinage, trade guilds and urban centres, Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture
• Early state and society-in eastern India, Deccan, and South India: Art and architecture
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Guptas and Vakatakas, Harsha, administration, economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas, land grants, decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, caste system, position of women
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Education and educational institutions-Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact with neighbouring countries-central Asia, south-east Asia, and China, sanskrit literature, scientific literature
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Contact with neighbouring countries-art and architecture. The Kadambas, Gangas, Pallavas, and Chalukyas of Badami-administration, trade guilds, Sanskrit literature and growth of regional languages and scripts
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions, Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya-Vedanta; institutions of temple and temple architecture. Varmanas of Kamrup; Palas and Senas, Rashtrakutas, Pratiharas
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Kalachuri-Chedis; Paramaras; Chalukyas of Gujarat; Arab contacts-Ghaznavi conquest, Alberuni. The Chalukyas of kalyana, Cholas, Cheras, Hoysalas, Pandyas-administration and local government
• Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society, contact with Sri Lanka and south-East Asia

History-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Sources: Archaeological, epigraphic, and numismatic materials and monuments. Chronicles. Literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages. Archival materials. Foreign travelers' accounts
• Political developments: The Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids and the Lodis, foundation of the Mughal empire-Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire-political
• Political developments: Decline of the Mughal empire-administrative and economic causes. Later Mughals and disintegration of the Mughal empire. The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-rise, expansion and disintegration. The Maratha movement
• Political developments: The foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its expansion under the Peshwas; Maratha confederacy-causes of decline
• Administration: Administration under the Sultanate-civil, judicial, revenue, fiscal and military. Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal; administration-land revenue and other sources of income; Mansabdari and Jagirdari
• Administration: Administrative system in the Deccan-the Vijayanagara, the Bahmanis and the Marathas
• Economic aspects: Agricultural production-village economy; peasantry. Urban centres and population. Industries-cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, technology. Trade and commerce-state policies
• Economic aspects: Internal and external trade; European trade, trade centres and ports, transport and communication. Financing trade, commerce, and industries; Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance. Currency
• Socio-religious movements: The Sufis-their orders, beliefs, and practices, the leading Sufi saints. Bhakti cult-Shaivism and its branches; Vaishnavism and its branches
• Socio-religious movements: The Saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on socio political and religious life. The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
• Society: Classification-ruling class, major religious groups, the mercantile and professional classes. Rural society-petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators, and non-cultivating classes, artisans. Position of women
• Cultural life: System of educational and its motivations. Literature-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages. Fine arts-major schools of painting; music. Architectural developments of north and south India; Indo-Islamic architecture

History-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Sources and historiography: Archival materials, biographies, and memories, newspapers. Oral evidence, creative literature and painting. Concerns in modern Indian historiography-imperialist, nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern
• Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 17th and 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British. The establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
• Rise of British power: British relations with and subjugation of the principal Indian powers-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and the Sikhs
• Administration of the company and crown: Evolution of central and provincial structure under the East India Company, 1773-1853. Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police, and the army under the company and crown. Local self-government
• Administration of the company and crown: Constitutional changes, 1909-1935
• Economic history: Changing composition, volume and direction of trade; ‘The Tribute’. Expansions and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour
• Economic history: Decline of industries-changing socioeconomic conditions of artisans; deurbanistion. British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements. Monetary policy, banking
• Economic history: Currency and exchange, railways and road transport. Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture. Famines and epidemics and the government policy. Economic thought-English utilitarians
• Economic history: Indian economic historians; the drain theory
• Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities. The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language
• Indian society in transition: The new education-modern science; Indian initiatives in education. Raja Ram Mohan Roy; socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility. Women’s question-nationalist discourse
• Indian society in transition: Women’s question-women’s organisations; British legislation concerning women; constitutional position. The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
• Indian society in transition: Modernisation of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music, and performing arts
• National movement: Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economic bases of nationalism. Revolt of 1857 and different social classes. Tribal and peasant movements. Ideologies and programmes or the Indian national congress, 1885-1920
• National movement: Trends in Swadeshi movement, ideologies and programmes of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad. Gandhian mass movements. Ideology and programme of the Justice party. Left wing politics. Movement of the depressed classes
• National movement: Communal politics and genesis of Pakistan. Towards Independence and partition
• India after Independence (1947-1964): Rehabilitation after partition. Integration of the Indian states; the Kashmir question. The making of the Indian constitution. The structure of bureaucracy and the policy. The demographic trends
• India after Independence (1947-1964): Economic policies and the planning process. Linguistic reorganization of States. Foreign policy initiatives
• World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-pre-history, humanism, burial-practices, enlightened despotism, mother-Goddess, divine right, law codes, supremacy of Church, Athenian democracy, Holy Roman empire, imperial Rome, social contract and general will
• World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-slavery, nation states, aristocracy, Renaissance, Confucianism, reformation, manorial system, Darwinism, black death, Great Depression (1929), feudalism, feminism, non-alignment, parliamentary democracy, Nazism
• World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-commonwealth, imperialism, socialism, balance of power, Apartheid, rights of man, Cold War, postmodernism
• Research in history: Scope and value of history, objectivity and bias in history, history and its auxiliary sciences, area of research-proposed, sources-primary/ secondary in the proposed area of research
• Research in history: Modern historical writing in the researcher’s area of research

Law-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy, judiciary, executive, union state legislative relations, emergency provisions, amendment of the constitutions writ jurisdiction

Law-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Nature and sources of law, positivism, natural law theory, sociological jurisprudence, theories of punishment, rights and duties, concepts of possession and ownership

Law-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Nature of international law and its relationship with municipal law, sources of international law, recognition of states and governments, united nations, settlement of international disputes, human rights

Law-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Concepts in family law, sources of family law in India, marriage and dissolution of marriage

Law-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Essentials of a valid contract, offer, acceptance, and consideration, capacity to contract-minor’s contract, elements vitiating contract-mistake, fraud, misrepresentation, public policy, coercion, undue influence, frustration of contract
• Remedies for breach of contract damages

Law-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Foundation of tortious liability, general defences to an action of torty, vicarious liability, remoteness of damages, contributory negligence, absolute and strict liability

Law-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Nature and definition of offence, general exceptions, common intention and common object, criminal attempt, conspiracy, and abetment, offences against women

Law-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Concepts-industry, industrial dispute, and workman, trade unions-rights and immunities of registered trade union; registration and its advantages, methods for settlement of industrial disputes under industrial disputes act, 1947
• Strike and lockout as instruments of collective bargaining, retrenchment, lay-off and closures

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Vedic and upanishadic world-views: Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of Yajna (sacrifice), the concept of rna-duty/ obligation; theories of creation
• Atman-self (and not-self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti and Turiya, Brahaman, Sreyas, and Preyas
• Karma, samsara, moksa
• Carvaka: Pratyaksa as the only Pramana, critique of Anumana and Sabda, rejection of non-material entities and of Dharma and Moksha
• Jainism: Concept of reality-sat, Dravya, Guna, Paryaya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekantavada, Syadvada, and Nayavada; theory of knowledge; bondage and liberation
• Buddhism: Four noble truths, Ashtanga Marga, Nirvana, Madhyama Pratipad, Pratityasamutpada, Ksanbhangavada, Anatmavada
• Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, and Madhyamika
• Nyaya: Prama and Aprama, Pramanya, and Apramanya; Pramana: Pratyaksa, Nirvikalpaka, Savikalpaka, Laukika and Alaukika; Anumana: Anvayavyatireka, Lingaparamarsa, Vyapti; classification: Vyaptigrahopayas, Hetvabhasa, Upamana; Sabda; Sakti, Laksana, Akanksa
• Nyaya: Classification-Yogyata, Sannidhi and Tatparya, concept of God, arguments for the existence of God, Adrsta, Nihar Yeasa
• Vaisesika: Concepts Of Padartha, Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Samavaya, Visesa, Abhava, Causation: Asatkaryavada, Samavayi, Asamavayi Nimitta Karana, Paramanuvada, Adrsta, Nihsryeas
• Samkhya: Satkaryavada, Prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakriti, nature of Purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Purusa relationship between Purusha and Prakriti, Kaivalya, atheism
• Yoga: Patanjali’s concept of citta and citta-vrtti, eight-fold path of yoga, the role of God in yoga
• Purva-Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance, atheism of Purva Mimamsa, classification of Shruti Vakyas, Vidhi, Nisha And Arthavada, Dharma, Bhavana, Sabdanityavada, Jatisaktivada, Kumarila and Prabhakara schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference
• Purva-mimamsa: Tirupati-samvit, Jnatata, Abhava and Anupalabdhi, Anvitabhidhanavada, Abihitanvayavada, Vedanta
• Advaita-rejection of difference: Adhyasa, Maya, three grades of Satta, Jiva, Jivanmukti, Vivartavada
• Visistadvaita: Saguna brahman, refutation of Maya, Amrtasiddhi, Parinamavada, Jiva, Bhakti, and Prapatti
• Dvaita-rejection of Nirguna Brahman and Maya, Bheda and Saksi, Bhakti

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Vivekananda-practical Vedanta, universal religion, Aurobindo-evolution, mind, and supermind, integral yoga, Iqbal-self, God, man, and superman, Tagore-religion of man, ideas on education, K. C. Bhattacharyya-concept of philosophy, subject as freedom
• K. C. Bhattacharyya-the doctrine of Maya
• Radhakrishnan-intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life, J. Krishnamurti-freedom from the known, analysis of self, Gandhi-non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization, Ambedkar-varna and the caste system, neo-Buddhism

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Early Greek philosophers, Plato, and Aristotle, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus, the sophists and socrates, Plato-theory of knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa), theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, soul, and God
• Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive (theoria, praxis, techne), logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentially and actually, soul and God
• Medieval philosophy, St. Augustine-problem of evil, St. Anselm-ontological argument, St. Thomas Aquinas-faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Rationalism: Descartes-conception of method and the need for method in philosophy, clarity and distinctness as the criterion of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, the cogito-intuition or inference? innate ideas
• Rationalism: Descartes-the ‘real’ distinction between mind and matter, role of God, proofs for the existence of God, mind-body interactionism, spinoza: Substance, attributes and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, the mind body problem
• Rationalism: Spinoza-pantheism, three orders of knowing, leibniz: Monadology, truths of reason and truths of fact, innateness of all ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles
• Rationalism: Leibniz-the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom and philosophy
• Empiricism: Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge, theory of substances, distinction between primary and secondary qualities
• Empiricism: Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self, Hume: Impressions and ideas
• Empiricism: Hume-knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions
• Critical philosophy and after: Kant-the critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgement, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
• Critical philosophy and after: Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction off the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, freedom and immortality, rejection of speculative metaphysics
• Critical philosophy and after: Hegel-the conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non being and becoming, absolute idealism, Nietzsche: Critique of western culture, will to power, Moore: Refutation of idealism
• Critical philosophy and after: Moore-defence of common sense, philosophy and analysis, Russell: Refutation of idealism, logic as the essence of philosophy, logical atomism, Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions
• Critical philosophy and after: Wittgenstein-the picture theory, philosophy and language, meaning and use, forms of life, Husserl: The Husserlian method, intentionality, Heidegger: Being and nothingness, man as being-in-the-world
• Critical philosophy and after: Heidegger-critique of technological civilization, logical positivism: The verifiability theory of meaning, the verification principle, rejection of metaphysics, unity of science
• Critical philosophy and after: C. S. Peirce and William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, G. Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Ancient Indian political thought: Kautilya and Shanti Parva
• Greek political thought: Plato and Aristotle
• European thought-I: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
• European thought-II: Bentham, J. S. Mill, Hegel, Marx, and Green
• Contemporary political thought-I: Lenin, Mao, Gramsci
• Contemporary political thought-II : Rawls, Nozic, and communitarians
• Modern Indian thought: Gandhi, M. N. Roy, Aurobindo Ghosh, Joy Prakash Ambedkar, Savarkar
• Concepts and issue-I: Medieval political thought: Church state relationship and theory of two swords
• Concepts and issue-II: Behaviouralism and post-behaviouralism, decline, and resurgence of political theory
• Democracy, liberty, and equality

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Evolution of comparative politics as a discipline; nature and scope
• Approaches to the study of comparative politics: Traditional, structural-functional, systems, and Marxist
• Constitutionalism: Concepts, problems, and limitations
• Forms of government: Unitary-federal, parliamentary-presidential
• Organs of government: Executive, legislature, judiciary their interrelationship in comparative perspective
• Party systems and pressure groups; electoral systems
• Bureaucracy-types and roles
• Political development and political modernization
• Political culture, political socialization, and political communication
• Political elite; elitist theory of democracy
• Power, authority and legitimacy
• Revolution: Theories and types
• Dependency: Development and under development

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 03

• National movement, constitutional developments and the making of Indian constitution
• Ideological bases of the Indian constitution, preamble, fundamental rights and duties, and directive principles
• Constitution as instrument of socioeconomic change, constitutional amendments and review
• Structure and process-I: President, prime minister, council of ministers, working of the parliamentary system
• Structure and process-II: Governor, chief minister, council of ministers, state legislature
• Panchayati Raj institutions: Rural and urban, their working
• Federalism: Theory and practice in India; demands of autonomy and separatist movements, emerging trends in centre-state relations
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, judicial review, judicial activism including public interest litigation cases, judicial reforms
• Political parties, pressure groups, public opinion, media; subaltern and peasant movements
• Elections, electoral behaviour, election commission, and electoral reforms

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Development of public administration as a discipline; approaches to the study of public administration: Decision-making, ecological and systems; development administration
• Theories of organization
• Principles of organization: Line and staff, unity of command, hierarchy, span of control, centralization and decentralization, types of organization-formal and informal; forms of organization; department, public corporation and board
• Chief executive: Types, functions, and roles
• Personnel administration: Recruitment, training, promotion, discipline, morale; employee-employer relations
• Bureaucracy: Theories, types, and roles; Max Weber and his critics
• Civil servant-minister relationships
• Leadership, its role in decision-making; communication
• Financial administration; budget, audit, control over finance with special reference to India and UK
• Good governance; problems of administrative corruption; transparency and accountability; right to information
• Grievance redressal institutions: Ombudsman, Lokpal, and Lokayukta

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Contending theories and approaches to the study of international relations; idealist, realist, systems, game, communication and decision-making
• Power, interest, and ideology in international relations; elements of power: Acquisition, use and limitations of power, perception, formulation and promotion of national interest, meaning, role and relevance of ideology in international relations
• Arms and wars: Nature, causes and types of wars/ conflicts including ethnic disputes; conventional, nuclear/ biochemical wars; deterrence, arms race, arms control, and disarmament
• Peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict resolution, diplomacy, world-order and peace studies
• Cold war, alliances, non-alignment, end of cold war, globalisation
• Rights and duties of states in international law, intervention, treaty law, prevention, and abolition of war
• Political economy of international relations; new international economic order, north-south dialogue, south-south cooperation, WTO, Neocolonialism and dependency
• Regional and sub-regional organizations especially SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, OAS
• United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of UN; peace and development perspectives; charter revision; power-struggle and diplomacy with UN, financing and peace-keeping operations
• India’s role in international affairs: India’s relations with its neighbours, wars, security concerns, and pacts, mediatory role, distinguishing features of Indian foreign policy and diplomacy

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Approaches to the study of perception: Gestalt and physiological approaches, perceptual organization: Gestalt, figure, and ground, laws of organization, perceptual constancy: Size, shape, and brightness, illusion; perception of depth and movements
• Role of motivation and learning in perception

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Classical conditioning: Procedure, phenomena and related issues, instrumental learning: Phenomena, paradigms and theoretical issues, reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules, verbal learning: Methods and materials, organizational processes

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Memory processes: Encoding, storage, retrieval, stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LIM), episodic and semantic memory, theories of forgetting: Interference, decay, retrieval

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Theories of thought processes: Associationism, Gestalt, information processing, concept formation: Rules and strategies, reasoning: Deductive and inductive, problem-solving: Type and strategies, role of concepts in thinking

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Basic motivational concepts: Instincts, needs, drives, incentives, motivational cycle, approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R cognitive, humanistic, biological motives: Hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex
• Social motives: Achievement, affiliation, approval, exploratory behaviour and curiosity, physiological correlates of emotions, theories of emotions: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter and singer, conflicts: Sources and types

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Intelligence: Biological, social, eco-cultural determinants, theories of intelligence: Spearman, Thurston, Guilford, individual and group differences: Extent and causes, measurement of human abilities

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural, approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytic, Neo-Freudian, social leaming, trait and type, cognitive, personality assessment: Psychometric and projective tests
• Self-concept: Origin and development

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Research problems, hypothesis, variables and their operationalization, types of psychological research, Methods of psychological research: Experimental, quasi-experimental, case studies, field studies, and cross-cultural studies
• Methods of data collection: Observation, interview, questionnaire, tests and scales
• Non-parametric tests

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Test construction: Item writing, item analysis, test standardization: Reliability, validity, and norms, types of tests: Intelligence aptitude, personality-characteristics and important examples, altitude scales and interest inventories
• Educational measurement and evaluation

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Receptors, effectors, and adjuster mechanisms, neural impulse: Origin, conduction, and measurement, sensory system: Vision and audition, human nervous system: Structure and functions

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Deities-Agni; Savitr; Vishnu; Indra; Rudra; Brhaspati; Asvina Varuna; Usas; Soma, subject matter of: Samhitas; Brahmanas and Aranyakas; Upanishads, dialogue hymns-Pururava-Urvasi; Yama-Yami; Sarma-Pani; Vishwamitra-Nadi
• History of Vedic literature: Main theories regarding the age of the Rig Veda-Max Muller; A. Weber; Jacobi; Bal Gangadhar Tilak; M. Winternitz; Indian traditional views, arrangement of the Rig Veda, recensions of the Saritas, Vedangas: Siksa; Kalpa
• Vedangas: Vyakarana; Nirukta; Chandas; Jyotis

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Samkhyakarika of Isvarakrsna: Satkaryavada; Purusa-svarlipa; Prakyti-svarUpa; Srstikrama; Pratyayasarga; Kaivalya, Vedantasdira of Sadananda: Anubandha-catustaya; Ajnana; Adhyaropa-Apavada; Lingasarirotpatti; Pancikarana; Vivarta; Jivanmukti
• Tarkabhasa of Kesavamisra/ Tarkasarhgraha of Annambhatta: Padartha; Karana; Pramana; Pratyaksa; Anumana; upamana; Sabda

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Grammar: Definitions-Samhita; Guna; Vrddhi; Pratipadika; Nadi; Ghi; Upadha; Aprkta; Gati; Pada; Vibhasa; Savarna; Ti; Pragrhya; Sarvandmasthana; Nistha, Karaka: As per Siddhantakaumudi, Samasa: As per Laghusiddhantakaumudi
• Linguistics: Definition and types of languages-genealogical and morphological classification of languages, speech-mechanism and classification of sounds: Stops, fricatives, semi-vowels and vowels, phonetic laws
• Linguistics: Characteristics of the three types of Indo-Aryan

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 04

• General study of the following works: Poetry-Raghuvarhga; Meghaduta; Kiratarjuniya; Sisupalavadha; Naisadhiyacarita; Buddhacarita, prose: Dasakumaracarita; Harsacarita; Kadambari, drama: Svapnavasavadatta; Abhijnanasakuntala; Mrcchakatika
• General study of the following works: Drama-Uttararmacarita; Mudraraksasa; Ratnavali; Venisamhara
• Poetics: Sahityadarpana, definition of Kavya, refutation of other definitions of Kavya, Sabdasakti-Sanketagraha; Abhidha; Laksana; Vyanjana, Rasa-types of Rasas with their sthayi bhavas, types of Rupaka, characteristics of Nataka
• Poetics: Characteristics of Mahakavya

Sociology-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Nature of sociology: Definition, sociological perspective
• Basic concepts: Community, institution, association, culture, norms, and values
• Social structures: Status and role, their interrelationship, multiple roles, role set, status set, status sequence, role conflict
• Social group: Meaning, types: Primary-secondary, formal-informal, ingroup-outgroup, reference group
• Social institutions: Marriage, family, education, economy, polity, religion
• Socialization: Socialization, resocialization, anticipatory socialization, adult socialization, agencies of socialization, theories of socialization
• Social stratification: Social differentiation, hierarchy and inequality, forms of stratification: Caste, class, gender, ethnic theories of social stratification, social mobility
• Social change: Concepts and types-evolution, diffusion, progress, revolution, transformation, change in structure, and change of structure, theories: Dialectical and cyclical

Sociology-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Structural: Nadel, Radcliffe Brown, Levi-Strauss
• Functional: Malinowski, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton
• Interactionist: Social action-Max Weber, Pareto, symbolic interactionism: G. H. Mead, Blumer
• Conflict: Karl Marx, Dahrendorf, Coser, Collins

Sociology-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Meaning and nature of social research: Nature of social phenomena, the scientific method, the problems in the study of social phenomena: Objectivity and subjectivity, fact and value
• Quantitative methods: Survey, research design and its types, hypothesis, sampling, techniques of data collection: Observation, questionnaire, schedule, interview
• Qualitative methods: Participant observation, case study, content analysis, oral history, life history
• Statistics in social research: Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, mode, measures of dispersion, correlational and analysis, test of significance, reliability and validity

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 01

• Notions of language: Language as written text-philological and literary notions that is, norm, purity, and their preservation, language as a cultural heritage-codification and transmission of cultural knowledge and behaviour
• Notions of language: Language as a marker of social identity-language boundary, dialect and language-codes of special groups-use of language (s) to express multiple identities; language as an object that is, notion of autonomy
• Notions of language: Structure and its units and components; language in spoken and written modes and relation between them; writing system-units of writing-sound (alphabetic), or syllable (syllabic) and morpheme/ word (logographic)
• Approaches to the study of language: Semiotic approach-interpretation of sign; language as a system of social behaviour-use of language in family, community, and country; language as a system of communication-communicative functions-emotive, conative
• Approaches to the study of language: Language as a system of communication-communicative functions-referential, poetic, metalinguistic and phatic; sign language; animal communication system and formal language; design features of language-arbitrariness
• Approaches to the study of language: Double articulation, displacement, interchangeability and specialization; language as a cognitive system-knowledge representation; relation with culture and thought, that is, concept formation
• Approaches to the study of language: Existence of language faculty; linguistic competence, ideal speaker-hearer
• Structure of language: Levels and their hierarchy-phonological. Morphological, syntactic and semantic, their interrelations; universal and specific properties of language-formal and substantive universals. Synchronic and diachronic view of language
• Structure of language: Language relation-genetic, areal and typological; concepts of langue and parole, idiolect, and language
• Grammatical analysis: Linguistic units and their distribution at different levels; notions of contrast and complementation; -etic and -emic categorization; paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations
• Grammatical analysis: Notions of word classes (parts of speech) and grammatical categories; grammatical relations and case relations; notion of rule at different levels; description vs. explanation of grammatical facts
• Linguistics and others fields: Relevance of linguistics to other fields of enquiry-philosophy, anthropology. sociology, political science, psychology, education, computer science and literature

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 02

• Phonetics: Definition; mechanisms of speech production-airstream mechanism, oro-nasal process, phonation process and articulation (place and manner); cardinal vowels (primary and secondary); vowels and consonants (liquids, glides); secondary articulation
• Phonetics: Coarticulation; syllable; phonetic transcription (IPA); suprasegmentals-length, stress, tone, intonation and juncture
• Phonology: Phonetics vs. phonology; concept of phoneme, phone and allophone; principles of phonemic analysis-phonetic similarity, contrast, complementary distribution, free variation, economy, pattern congruity; alternation and neutralization
• Phonology: Distinctive features; syllable in phonology
• Morphology: Scope and nature; concept of morpheme, morph, allomorph, portmanteau morph, lexeme and word; identification of morphemes; morphological alternation; morphophonemic process; internal and external sandhi; derivation vs inflection
• Morphology: Root and stem; grammatical categories-tense, aspect, mood, person, gender, number, case: case marker and case relation; pre- and post-positions: affixes vs. clitics; stem vs. word-based morphology; paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 03

• Traditional and structuralist syntax: Parts of speech; Indian classification of grammatical categories (Naama, Aakhyaata, Upasarga, Nipaata); structural syntactic categories (word, phrase, clause etc); functional syntactic categories(subject, object, etc)
• Traditional and structuralist syntax: Construction types (exocentric, indocentric, etc),immediate constituent analysis
• Generative syntax: Universal grammar, innateness hypothesis, meaning of the term ‘generative’, transformational generative grammar, criteria for determining constituents, aspects model, problems with the aspects model, Ross's constraints
• Generative syntax: Principles and parameters
• Meaning: Types of meaning; descriptive, emotive and phatic; sense and reference, connotation and denotation, sense relations (homonymy, synonymy etc); types of opposition (taxonomic, polar, etc); ambiguity, sentence meaning and truth conditions
• Meaning: Presupposition, entailment and implicature, speech acts, deixis, definiteness, mood, and modality, componential analysis

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 04

• Introduction: Synchronic and diachronic approaches to language; interrelationship between diachronic and synchronic data; use of written records for historical studies; language classification; notion of language family
• Introduction: Criteria for identifying family relationships among languages; definition of the word ‘cognate’; language isolates: criteria. for typological classification-agglutinative, inflectional, analytic, synthetic and polysynthetic
• Introduction: Basic word order typology-SVO, SOV, etc
• Linguistic change and reconstruction: Sound change; neogrammarian theory of gradualness and regularity of sound change; genesis and spread of sound change; phonetic and phonemic change; split and merger; conditioned vs. unconditioned change
• Linguistic change and reconstruction: Types of change-assimilation and dissimilation, coalescence, metathesis, deletion, epenthesis; transformational-generative approach to sound change-rule addition, rule deletion, rule, generalization, rule ordering
• Linguistic change and reconstruction: Social motivation for change; lexical diffusion of sound change; analogy and its relationship to sound change; reconstructing the proto-stages of languages
• Linguistic change and reconstruction: Internal reconstruction and comparative method-their scopes and limitations; innovation and retention; subgrouping within a family; family tree and wave models; relative chronology of different changes
• Language contact and dialect geography: Linguistic borrowing-lexical and structural; motivations-prestige and need-filling (including culture-based); classification of loanwords-loan translation, loan blend, calque
• Language contact and dialect geography: Assimilated and unassimilated loans (tadbhava and tatsama); bilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect, idiolect; isogloss; methods of preparing dialect atlas, focal area, transition area and relic area
• Language families of South Asia: Indo-aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Tibeto-Burman; language isolates-burushaski, nahali-their geographical distribution, enumeration; characteristics
• Areal features of South Asia: South Asia as a linguistic area-phonological-length contrast in vowels and consonants, retroflexion, open syllable structure; morphemic structure rules; morphological and syntactical-agglutination, ergativity, agreement
• Areal features of South Asia: Productive use of conjunctive participles; passives; causatives; echo words; phenomenon of reduplication; copulative compounds; compound verbs, relative clause construction

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 05

• Language and society: Speech community; verbal repertoire; linguistic and communicative competence; linguistic variability and ethnography of speaking; sociolinguistic variables; patterns of variation; regional, social and stylistic
• Language and society: Restricted and elaborated codes; diglossia
• Languages in contact: Types of bilingualism and bilinguals; borrowing; convergence; pidgins and creoles; language maintenance and shift
• Sociology of language: Language planning; language standardization and modernization; language and power: literacy-autonomous vs ideological
• Scope of applied linguistics: Language teaching; translation studies; lexicography; stylistics; speech pathology; mass media and communication; language and computers
• Language learning and language teaching: First and second language learning; language acquisition in multilingual settings; behaviouristic and cognitive theories of language learning; social and psychological aspects of second language acquisition
• Language learning and language teaching: Methods, materials and teaching-aids in language teaching; computer assisted language teaching (CALT); types of tests and their standardization

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Chemical periodicity
• Structure and bonding in homo-and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR theory)
• Concepts of acids and bases, hard-soft acid base concept, non-aqueous solvents
• Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure, and bonding, industrial importance of the compounds
• Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral, and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms
• Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical applications
• Organometallic compounds: Synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis
• Cages and metal clusters
• Analytical chemistry: Separation, spectroscopic, electro-and thermoanalytical methods
• Bioinorganic chemistry: Photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron-transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine
• Characterization of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-vis, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy, and microscopic techniques
• Nuclear chemistry: Nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques, and activation analysis

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operator algebra; exactly-solvable systems: Particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom, including shapes of atomic orbitals; orbital and spin angular momenta; tunneling
• Approximate methods of quantum mechanics: Variational principle; perturbation theory up to second order in energy; applications
• Atomic structure and spectroscopy; term symbols; many-electron systems and antisymmetry principle
• Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated π-electron systems
• Chemical applications of group theory; symmetry elements; point groups; character tables; selection rules
• Molecular spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic spectra; IR and Raman activities-selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance
• Chemical thermodynamics: Laws, state, and path functions and their applications; thermodynamic description of various types of processes; Maxwell’s relations; spontaneity and equilibrium; temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities
• Chemical thermodynamics: Le Chatelier principle; elementary description of phase transitions; phase equilibrium and phase rule; thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and solutions
• Statistical thermodynamics: Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities-calculations for model systems
• Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; Debye-Hückel theory; electrolytic conductance-Kohlrausch’s law and its applications; ionic equilibrium; conductometric and potentiometric titrations
• Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex reactions; steady state approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state theories of rate constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics
• Chemical kinetics: Salt effects; homogeneous catalysis; photochemical reactions
• Colloids and surfaces: Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area; heterogeneous catalysis
• Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications; band structure of solids
• Polymer chemistry: Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization
• Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression; covariance and correlation coefficient

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio-and stereoisomers
• Principles of stereochemistry: Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and asymmetric induction
• Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds-generation and reactions
• Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes, and nitrenes
• Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination, and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic, or radical species
• Determination of reaction pathways
• Common named reactions and rearrangements-applications in organic synthesis
• Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations and reductions; common catalysts and reagents (organic, inorganic, organometallic, and enzymatic). Chemo, regio, and stereoselective transformations
• Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear, and convergent synthesis, umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups
• Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction-substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution-optical and kinetic
• Pericyclic reactions: Electrocyclization, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry
• Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms (o, n, s)
• Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids, and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids
• Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Chemistry in Nanoscience and Technology
• Catalysis and Green Chemistry
• Medicinal chemistry
• Supramolecular Chemistry
• Environmental chemistry

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds
• Composition, structure, and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins)
• Stabilizing interactions (Van Der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc)
• Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties)
• Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers
• Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes
• Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary structure, domains, motif, and folds)
• Conformation of nucleic acids (helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA)
• Stability of proteins and nucleic acids
• Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids nucleotides, and vitamins

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport
• Membrane structure and function: Electrical properties of membranes
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Structure and function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility
• Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons
• Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation, and control of cell cycle
• Microbial physiology: Growth yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress response

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• DNA replication, repair, and recombination: Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination
• RNA synthesis and processing: Transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing
• RNA synthesis and processing: Splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport
• Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity
• Protein synthesis and processing: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proofreading, translational inhibitors, post-translational modification of proteins
• Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behaviour by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation
• Host parasite interaction: Pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells
• Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial, and plant two component systems
• Cell signaling: Light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis, and quorum sensing
• Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation
• Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cancer, and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis
• Cancer: Therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity, and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. Generation of antibody diversity
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Humoral and cell mediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune modulation, the complement system, toll-like receptors, cell-mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
• Innate and adaptive immune system: Immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants
• Basic concepts of development: Imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Embryonic fields, gastrulation, and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in drosophila, amphibia, and chick; organogenesis-vulva formation in caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Limb development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal development; sex determination
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems, and floral development in arabidopsis and antirrhinum
• Programmed cell death, aging, and senescence

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO₂ fixation-C₃, C₄, and CAM pathways
• Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway
• Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis
• Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown, and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action
• Sensory photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates
• Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols, and nitrogenous compounds and their roles
• Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature, and salt) stresses

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

• Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis
• Cardiovascular system: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, specialized tissue, ECG-its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural, and chemical regulation of all above
• Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural, and chemical regulation of respiration
• Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture
• Sense organs: Vision, hearing, and tactile response
• Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
• Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature-physical, chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization
• Stress and adaptation
• Digestive system: Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR
• Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action, hormones, and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

• Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment
• Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele, complementation tests
• Extensions of mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance, and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited, and sex influenced characters
• Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers, mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants
• Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal inheritance
• Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers-transformation, conjugation, transduction, and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes
• Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, LOD score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders
• Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability and its measurements, QTL mapping
• Mutation: Types, causes, and detection, mutant types-lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of function, gain of function, germinal vs somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis
• Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy, and their genetic implications
• Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposition

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

• Principles and methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical, and quantitative methods of taxonomy of plants, animals, and microorganisms
• Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of organization of tissues, organs, and systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive modifications
• Outline classification of plants, animals, and microorganisms: Important criteria used for classification in each taxon. Classification of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Evolutionary relationships among taxa
• Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic origins, and migrations of species. Common Indian mammals, birds. Seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent
• Organisms of health and agricultural importance: Common parasites and pathogens of humans, domestic animals, and crops
• Organisms of conservation concern: Rare, endangered species. Conservation strategies

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

• The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions
• Habitat and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement
• Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (R and K selection); concept of metapopulation-demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations
• Species interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis
• Community ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones
• Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax
• Ecosystem ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling (C, N, P); primary production and decomposition
• Structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: Terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine)
• Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India
• Applied ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: Status, monitoring, and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches
• Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/ management strategy (project tiger, biosphere reserves)

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 11

• Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin-concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness, and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of mutations; the evolutionary synthesis
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and Haldane; experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of eukaryotic cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis, and aerobic metabolism
• Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals
• Paleontology and evolutionary history: Stages in primate evolution including homo
• Molecular evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins
• Molecular evolution: Gene duplication and divergence
• The mechanisms: Population genetics-populations, gene pool, gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration, and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation; isolating mechanisms
• The mechanisms: Speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity; convergent evolution; sexual selection; coevolution
• Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behaviour; proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin selection, reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep, and arousal
• Brain, behavior, and evolution: Biological clocks; development of behaviour; social communication; social dominance; use of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental investment and reproductive success; parental care; aggressive behaviour
• Brain, behavior, and evolution: Habitat selection and optimality in foraging; migration, orientation, and navigation; domestication and behavioural changes

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 12

• Microbial fermentation and production of small and macromolecules
• Application of immunological principles, vaccines, diagnostics
• Tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals
• Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain identification
• Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene therapy
• Bioresource and uses of biodiversity
• Breeding in plants and animals, including marker-assisted selection
• Bioremediation and phytoremediation
• Biosensors

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 13

• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal, and plant vectors
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences, generation of genomic and cDNA libraries in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Gene knockout in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. Protein sequencing methods, detection of post translational modification of proteins. DNA sequencing methods, strategies for genome sequencing
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level, large scale expression, such as microarray based techniques isolation, separation, and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules RFLP
• Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: RAPD and AFLP techniques
• Histochemical and immunotechniques: Antibody generation, detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells
• Histochemical and Immunotechniques: In-situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH
• Biophysical method: Molecular analysis using UV/ visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy molecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction and NMR, molecular analysis using light scattering
• Biophysical method: Different types of mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance methods
• Statistical methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, and normal); sampling distribution; difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors
• Statistical methods: Levels of significance; regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; X2 test; basic introduction to multivariate statistics, etc
• Radiolabeling techniques: Detection and measurement of different types of radioisotopes normally used in biology, incorporation of radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive material, safety guidelines
• Microscopic techniques: Visualization of cells and subcellular components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation, and staining techniques for EM
• Microscopic techniques: Freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy
• Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG, brain activity recording, lesion and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT
• Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect, and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behaviour
• Methods in field biology: Habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, real number system as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property, supermoms, infimum
• Sequences and series, convergence, limsup, liminf
• Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine-Borel theorem
• Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem
• Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence
• Riemann sums and riemann integral, improper integrals
• Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral
• Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation, inverse and implicit function theorems
• Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness
• Normed linear spaces
• Spaces of continuous functions as examples

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations
• Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Matrix representation of linear transformations
• Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, jordan forms
• Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis
• Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
• Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations
• Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, open mapping theorem
• Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues
• Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Permutations, combinations, pigeonhole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, derangements
• Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese remainder theorem, Euler’s ø- function, primitive roots
• Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, cayley’s theorem, class equations, sylow theorems
• Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain
• Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria
• Fields, finite fields, field extensions, galois theory

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Basis, dense sets, subspace, and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and compactness

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs
• General theory of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, green’s function

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

• Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs
• Classification of second order PDEs, general solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients, method of separation of variables for Laplace, heat and wave equations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

• Numerical solutions solutions of algebraic equations, method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence, solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, finite differences
• Lagrange, Hermite, and Spline interpolation, numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Euler, and Runge-Kutta methods

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

• Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, necessary and sufficient conditions for extrema
• Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

• Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and volterra type, solutions with separable kernels
• Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 11

• Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis
• Theory of small oscillations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 12

• Sample space, discrete probability, independent events, Bayes's theorem
• Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments
• Independent random variables, marginal and conditional distributions
• Characteristic functions
• Probability inequalities (Chebyshev's Markov, Jensen)
• Modes of convergence, weak and strong laws of large numbers, Central Limit theorems (i.i.d. case)
• Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson, and birth-and-death processes
• Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions
• Sampling distributions, standard errors, and asymptotic distributions, distribution of order statistics and range
• Methods of estimation, properties of estimators, confidence intervals
• Tests of hypotheses: most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests
• Analysis of discrete data and chi-square test of goodness of fit
• Large sample tests
• Simple nonparametric tests for one and two sample problems, rank correlation and test for independence
• Elementary bayesian inference
• Gauss-Markov models, estimability of parameters, best linear unbiased estimators, confidence intervals, tests for linear hypotheses
• Analysis of variance and covariance
• Fixed, random and mixed effects models
• Simple and multiple linear regression
• Elementary regression diagnostics
• Logistic regression
• Multivariate normal distribution, wishart distribution, and their properties
• Distribution of quadratic forms
• Inference for parameters, partial and multiple correlation coefficients and related tests
• Data reduction techniques: Principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, canonical correlation
• Simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling
• Probability proportional to size sampling
• Ratio and regression methods
• Completely randomized designs, randomized block designs, and Latin-square designs
• Connectedness and orthogonality of block designs, bibd
• 2k factorial experiments: confounding and construction
• Hazard function and failure rates, censoring and life testing, series, and parallel systems
• Linear programming problem, simplex methods, duality
• Elementary queuing and inventory models
• Steady-state solutions of Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space, M/M/C, M/M/C with limited waiting space, M/G/1

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Dimensional analysis
• Vector algebra and vector calculus
• Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
• Linear ordinary differential equations of first and second order, special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre, and Legendre functions)
• Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms
• Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor and Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals
• Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Central limit theorem

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Newton’s laws
• Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
• Central force motions
• Two body collisions-scattering in laboratory and centre of mass frames
• Rigid body dynamics moment of inertia tensor
• Non-inertial frames and pseudo forces
• Variational principle
• Generalized coordinates
• Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism, and equations of motion
• Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates
• Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes
• Special theory of relativity Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems
• Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem
• Electromagnetic induction
• Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces
• Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance
• Electromagnetic waves in free space
• Dielectrics and conductors
• Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference, coherence, and diffraction
• Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Wave-particle duality
• Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent)
• Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc)
• Tunneling through a barrier
• Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations
• Commutators and heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Dirac notation for state vectors
• Motion in a central potential: Orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; hydrogen atom
• Stern-gerlach experiment
• Time independent perturbation theory and applications
• Variational method
• Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules
• Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences
• Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibrium
• Phase space, micro-, and macro-states
• Micro-canonical, canonical, and grand-canonical ensembles, and partition functions
• Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities
• Classical and quantum statistics
• Ideal bose and fermi gases
• Principle of detailed balance
• Blackbody radiation and planck's distribution law

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo-and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications
• Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs)
• Operational amplifiers and their applications
• Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators, and similar circuits)
• A/D and D/A converters
• Microprocessor and microcontroller basics
• Data interpretation and analysis
• Precision and accuracy
• Error analysis, propagation of errors
• Least squares fitting

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Green’s function
• Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions)
• Elements of computational techniques: Root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method
• Finite difference methods
• Tensors
• Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3)

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
• Poisson brackets and canonical transformations
• Symmetry, invariance, and Noether’s theorem
• Hamilton-jacobi theory

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Dispersion relations in plasma
• Lorentz invariance of maxwell’s equation
• Transmission lines and wave guides
• Radiation from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure
• Wkb approximation
• Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation
• Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations
• Semi-classical theory of radiation

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• First-and second-order phase transitions
• Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism
• Ising model
• Bose-einstein condensation
• Diffusion equation
• Random walk and brownian motion
• Introduction to non-equilibrium processes

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test
• Transducers (temperature, pressure/ vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors)
• Measurement and control
• Signal conditioning and recovery
• Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding
• Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, boxcar integrator, modulation techniques
• High frequency devices (including generators and detectors)

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

• Quantum states of an electron in an atom
• Electron spin
• Spectrum of helium and alkali atom
• Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectral lines, LS and JJ couplings
• Zeeman, Paschen-Back, and Stark effects
• Electron spin resonance
• Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift
• Franck-Condon principle
• Born-oppenheimer approximation
• Electronic, rotational, vibrational, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules
• Lasers: Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients
• Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation
• Modes of resonators and coherence length

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

• Bravais lattices
• Reciprocal lattice
• Diffraction and the structure factor
• Bonding of solids
• Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat
• Free electron theory and electronic specific heat
• Response and relaxation phenomena
• Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity
• Hall effect and thermoelectric power
• Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: Metals, insulators, and semiconductors
• Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors
• Josephson junctions
• Super fluidity
• Defects and dislocations
• Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order
• Quasicrystals

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

• Basic nuclear properties: Size, shape, and charge distribution, spin and parity
• Binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model
• Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces
• Deuteron problem
• Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity, and limitations
• Rotational spectra
• Elementary ideas of alpha, beta, and gamma decays, and their selection rules
• Fission and fusion
• Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei, and direct reactions
• Classification of fundamental forces
• Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc)
• Gell-mann-Nishijima formula
• Quark model, baryons, and mesons
• C, p, and t invariance
• Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions
• Parity non-conservation in weak interaction
• Relativistic kinematics

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

• Buddhist councils and Theravada (Hinayana) as well as Mahayana schools, introduction of Buddhism to Tibet, China, and Japan, Pali Tripitaka literature, lives and works of Buddhaghosa, Dignaga and Dharmakirti

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

• Four Arya Satya's, Arya Ashtangika Marga, Pratityasamutpada, Nirvana

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

• Bodh Gaya (Mahabodhi) temple, Ajanta Cave-temple, Sanchi Stupa, Buddhist sculpture-origin and development of Buddha-image, status of women in Buddhism, impact of Buddhism on society, Buddhism and ecology

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

• Jaina councils and schools-Digambara and Svetambara, Prakrit Agama literature, lives and works of acharya Kundakunda, Umasvati and Haribhadra Suri, main centres of Jaina learning-Shravanabelagola, Jaisalmer, Ahmedabad and Varanasi

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

• Anuvratas and Mahavratas-Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacarya and Aparigraha, six substances and seven fundamentals, Triratna-Samyag Darsana, Jnana and Caritra, Anekantavada and Syadvada
• Five kinds of knowledge-Matt, Sruti, Avadhi, Mana Paryaya, and Kevala Jnana

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

• Ellora cave, Khajuraho temples and Mount Abu temples, Jaina iconography-images from Mathura and Shravanabelagola, status of women in Jainism, impact of Jainism on society-vegetarianism (Shakahar), four kinds of charity (Dana), Jainism and ecology

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

• Early childhood and life in England, Gandhiji experiment of Satyagraha in South Africa, Satyagraha campaigns and Indian freedom movement, Gandhiana

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

• Truth and nonviolence, individual, state, Swaraj, rights and duties, philosophy of Sarvodaya, ends, and means, religions, and politics

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

• Ashram vows, civilizations and education, trusteeship, constructive programme, sustainable development, and Swadeshi

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

• Cause and forms of violence, conflict-resolutions and Satyagraha, peace movement in India and abroad, non-violent and ecology

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Meaning and elements of business environment, economic environment, economic policies, economic planning, legal environment of business in India, competition policy, consumer protection, environment protection, policy environment: Liberalization
• Policy environment: Privatization and globalization, second generation reforms, industrial policy, and implementation. Industrial growth and structural changes

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• Basic accounting concepts, capital and revenue, financial statements, partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, death, dissolution, and cash distribution, advanced company accounts: Issue, forfeiture, purchase of business, liquidation
• Advanced company accounts: Valuation of shares, amalgamation, absorption, and reconstruction, holding company accounts, cost and management accounting: Ratio analysis, funds flow analysis, cash flow analysis, marginal costing and break-even analysis
• Cost and management accounting: Standard costing, budgetary control, costing for decision-making responsibility accounting

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• Nature and uses of business Economics, concept of profit and wealth maximization
• Demand analysis and elasticity of demand, indifference curve analysis, law utility analysis and laws of returns and law of variable proportions cost, revenue, price determination in different market situations: Perfect competition
• Price determination in different market situations: Monopolistic competition, monopoly, price discrimination and oligopoly, pricing strategies

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Data types, data collection, and analysis, sampling, need, errors and methods of sampling, normal distribution, hypothesis testing, analysis, and interpretation of data, correlation and regression, small sample tests-t-test, F-test, and chi-square test
• Data processing-elements, data entry, data processing, and computer applications, computer application to functional areas-accounting, inventory control, marketing

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• Principles of management, planning-objectives, strategies, planning process, decision-making, organizing, organizational structure, formal and informal organizations, organizational culture, staffing, leading: Motivation, leadership, committees
• Leading: Communication, controlling, corporate governance, and business ethics

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• The evolution of marketing, concepts of marketing, marketing mix, marketing environment, consumer behaviour, marketing segmentation, product decisions, pricing decisions, distribution decisions, promotion decisions, marketing planning
• Organizing and control

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Capital structure, financial and operating leverage, cost of capital, capital budgeting, working capital management, dividend policy

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• Concepts, role, and functions of human resource management, human resource planning, recruitment, and selection, training and development, succession planning, compensation: Wage and salary administration, incentive and fringe benefits
• Compensation: Morale and productivity, performance appraisal, industrial relations in India, health, safety, welfare, and social security, workers’ participation in management

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Importance of banking to business, types of banks and their functions, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and rural banking, banking sector reforms in India, NPA, capital adequacy norms, e-banking, development banking: IDBI, IFCI, SFCS, UTI, SIDBI

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Theoretical foundations of international business, balance of payments, international liquidity, international economic institutions-IMF, world bank IFC, IDA, ADB, world trade organization-its functions and policies
• Structure of India’s foreign trade: Composition and direction, EXIM bank, EXIM policy of India, regulation and promotion of foreign trade

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

• PN Junction, diode equation and diode equivalent circuit
• Breakdown in diodes, Zener diodes, tunnel diode, semiconductor diodes, characteristics and equivalent circuits of BJT, JET, MOSFET, IC fabrication-crystal growth, epitaxy, oxidation, lithography, doping, etching, isolation methods, metallization, bonding
• Thin film active and passive devices

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

• Thevenin, Norton, and maximum power transfer theorems, network elements, network graphs, nodal and mesh analysis, zero and poles, bode plots, Laplace, Fourier, and Z-transforms
• Time and frequency domain responses
• Image impedance and passive filters
• Two-port network parameters
• Transfer functions, signal representation
• State variable method of circuit analysis, A.C. circuit analysis, transient analysis

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

• Voltage regulated ICs and regulated power supply, biasing of bipolar junction transistors and JFET
• Single stage amplifiers, multistage amplifiers, feedback in amplifiers, oscillators, function generators, multivibrators, operational amplifiers (OPAMP)-characteristics and applications, computational applications, integrator, differentiator
• Wave shaping circuits, F to V and V to F converters
• Active filters, Schmitt trigger, phase locked loop

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

• Flip-flops, gates, Boolean algebra and minimization techniques, multivibrators, and clock circuits, counters-ring, ripple
• Synchronous, asynchronous, up and down shift registers, multiplexers, and demultiplexers, arithmetic circuits, memories, A/D and D/A converters

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

• Addressing modes, 8085 instruction set, 8085 interrupts, programming, memory and I/O interfacing, Interfacing 8155, 8255, 8279, 8253, 8257, 8259, 8251, with 8085 microprocessors, serial communication protocols
• Introduction of microcontrollers (8 bit)-8031/ 8051, and 8048

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

• Introduction of data in c
• Operators and its precedence, various data types in C, storage classes in C, decision-making and forming loop in program, handling character, arrays in C, structure and union, user defined function, pointers in C, advanced pointer
• Pointer to structures, pointer to functions, dynamic data structure, file handling in C, command line argument, graphics-video modes, video adapters, drawing various objects on screen, interfacing to external hardware via serial/ parallel port using C
• Applying c to electronic circuit problems
• Introduction to object-oriented programming and c++
• Introduction of FORTRAN language, programming discipline, statements to write a program, intrinsic functions, integer-type data, type statement, IF statement, data validation, format-directed input and output
• Subscripted variables and do loops
• Array, Fortran subprogram

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

• Time varying fields, wave equation and its solution, rectangular waveguide, propagation of wave in ionosphere, Poynting vector, antenna parameters, half-wave antenna, transmission lines, characteristic of impedance matching, Smith chart
• Microwave components-T, magic-T, Tuner
• Circulator isolator, direction couplers, sources-reflex Klystron, principle of operation of magnetron, solid state microwave devices; basic theory of Gunn, GaAs FET, crystal defector and PIN diode for detection of microwaves

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

• Frequency and phase modulation, demodulation, intermediate frequency and principle of superheterodyne receiver, spectral analysis, and signal transmission through linear systems, random signals and noise, noise temperature and noise figure
• Basic concepts of information theory, digital modulation and demodulation, PM, PCM, ASK, FSK, PSK, time-division multiplexing, frequency-division multiplexing, data communications-circuits, codes and modems
• Basic concepts of signal processing and digital filters

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

• SCR, Triac, UJT, triggering circuits, converters, choppers, inverters, converters
• AC-regulators, speed control of A.C. and D.C motors
• Stepper and synchronous motors; three phase controlled rectifier; switch mode power supply; Uninterrupted power supply

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

• LED, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, semiconductor diode LASER, photodetectors-p-n photodiode
• PIN photodiode, phototransistors, optocouplers, solar cells, display devices, optical fibers-light propagation in fiber, types of fiber, characteristic parameters, modes, fiber splicing, fiber optic communication system-coupling to and from the fiber
• Fiber optic communication system-modulation, multiplexing, and coding, repeaters, bandwidth and rise time budgets

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 11

• Resistance, inductance capacitance, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, Hall effect, photoelectric, tachogenerators, measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque, strain, speed and sound temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, thickness
• PH, position
• Measuring equipment-measurement of R, L and C, bridge and potentiometers, voltage, current, power, energy, frequency/ time, phase, DVMs, DMMs, CRO, digital storage oscilloscope, logic probes, logic state analyzer, spectrum analyzer, recorder
• Measuring equipment-noise and interference in instrumentation, instrumentation amplifiers, radio telemetry
• Analytical instruments-biomedical instruments-ECG, blood pressure measurements, spectrophotometers, electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 12

• Error amplifier, on-off controller, proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI), proportional-derivative (PD), PID controllers, dynamic behaviour of control systems-servomechanism characteristics, parameters of control systems-accuracy, sensitivity
• Parameters of control systems-disturbances, transient response, stability, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, bode plots, Nyquist criterion, controlling speed. Temperature and position using analog/ digital control circuits

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

• Earth, man, and environment
• Ecosystems, pathways in ecosystems
• Physico-chemical and biological factors in the environment
• Geographical classification and zones
• Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere
• Mass and energy transfer across the various interfaces, material balance
• First and second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer processes
• Scale of meteorology, pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation, and wind
• Atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing heights, wind roses
• Natural resources, conservation, and sustainable development

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

• Stoichiometry, Gibbs’ energy, chemical potential, chemical-equilibrium, acid base reactions, solubility product, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, radionuclides
• Chemical composition of air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles, ions, and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter
• Chemical composition of air: Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Oxygen and ozone chemistry, chemistry of air pollutants, photochemical smog
• Water chemistry: Chemistry of water, concept of DO, BOD, COD, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, redox potential
• Soil Chemistry: Inorganic and organic components of soil, nitrogen pathways, and NPK in soils
• Toxic chemicals in the environment-air, water: Pesticides in water. Biochemical aspects of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, O₃, and PAN pesticides, insecticides, MIC, carcinogens in the air
• Principles of analytical methods: Titrimetry, gravimetry, colourimetry, spectrophotometry, chromatography, gas chromatography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GLC, HPLC, electrophoresis. X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, flame photometry

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

• Human ecology and human settlement, evolution, origin of life, and speciation
• Ecosystems: Structure and functions, abiotic and biotic components, energy flows, food chains, food web, ecological pyramids, types, and diversity. Ecological succession, population, community ecology and parasitism, prey predator relationships
• Common flora and fauna in India: Aquatic-phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrophytes, terrestrial: Forests
• Endangered and threatened species: Biodiversity and its conservation-definition, ‘hotspots’ of biodiversity, strategies for biodiversity conservation. National parks and sanctuaries. Gene pool. Microflora of atmosphere: Air sampling techniques
• Endangered and threatened species: Microflora of atmosphere-identification of aeroallergens. Air-borne diseases and allergies. Environmental biotechnology: Fermentation technology, vermiculture technology, biofertilizer technology

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

• Fundamental concepts
• The earth systems and biosphere: Conservation of matter in various geospheres-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Energy budget of the earth. Earth's thermal environment and seasons. Ecosystems flow of energy and matter
• The earth systems and biosphere: Coexistence in communities-food webs, earth's major ecosystems-terrestrial and aquatic. General relationship between landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian monsoon, El nino, droughts
• The earth systems and biosphere: Tropical cyclones and western disturbances
• Earth's processes and geological hazards: Earth’s processes; concept of residence, time and rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological hazards. Study of floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanism and avalanche
• Earth's processes and geological hazards: Prediction and perception of the hazards and adjustments to hazardous activities
• Mineral resources and environment: Resources and reserves, minerals and population. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources. Environmental impact of exploitation, processing, and smelting of minerals
• Water resources and environment: Global water balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of sea levels. Origin and composition of seawater. Hydrological cycle. Factors influencing the surface water. Types of water. Resources of oceans
• Water resources and environment: Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of surface and groundwaters. Groundwater pollution
• Land Use planning: The land use plan. Soil surveys in relation to land use planning. Methods of site selection and evaluation
• Environmental geochemistry: Concept of major, trace and REE. Classification of trace elements, mobility of trace elements, geochemical cycles. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use, trace elements and health
• Environmental geochemistry: Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements. Diseases induced by human use of land. Principles of remote sensing and its application of environmental sciences. Application of GIS in environmental management

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

• Solar radiation and its spectral characteristics: Fossil fuels-classification, composition, physicochemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal
• Principles of generation of ocean thermal energy conversion, wind, geothermal energy; solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds; nuclear energy-fission and fusion; magnetohydrodynamic power, bioenergy-energy from biomass and biogas
• Anaerobic digestion; energy use pattern in different parts of the world
• Environmental implication of energy use; CO₂, emissions, global warming, air and thermal pollution; radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactors; impacts of large-scale exploitation of solar, wind, hydro and ocean energy

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

• Air: Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution. Primary and secondary pollutants. Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Gas laws governing the behaviour of pollutants in the atmosphere
• Air: Methods of monitoring and control of air pollution SO₂, NOₓ, CO, SPM. Effects of pollutants on human beings, plants, animals, materials and on climate. Acid Rain. Air Quality Standards
• Water: Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physico-chemical and bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality, standards, sewage and wastewater treatment and recycling. Water quality standard
• Soil: Physicochemical and bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil quality. Soil pollution control. Industrial waste effluents and heavy metals, their interactions with soil components. Soil microorganisms and their functions
• Soil: Degradation of different insecticides, fungicides, and weedicides in soil. Different kinds of synthetic fertilizers (NP and K) and their interactions with different components of soil
• Noise: Sources of noise pollution, measurement of noise and Indices, effect of meteorological parameters on noise propagation. Noise exposure levels and standards. Noise control and abatement measures. Impact of noise on human health
• Marine: Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria employed for disposal of pollutants in marine system-coastal management. Radioactive and thermal pollution

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

• Environmental impact statement and environmental management plan
• EIA guidelines 1994, notification of government of India
• Impact assessment methodologies
• Generalized approach to impact analysis
• Procedure for reviewing environmental impact analysis and statement
• Guidelines for environmental audit
• Introduction to environmental planning
• Baseline information and predictions (land, water, atmosphere, energy, etc)
• Restoration and rehabilitation technologies
• Land use policy for India
• Urban planning for india
• Rural planning and land use pattern
• Concept and strategies of sustainable development
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Environmental priorities in india and sustainable development

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

• Their characterization, chemical composition and classification
• Different methods of disposal and management of solid wastes (hospital wastes and hazardous wastes) recycling of waste material
• Waste minimization technologies
• Hazardous wastes management and handling rules, 1989, resource management, disaster management and risk analysis
• Environment protection-issues and problems, international and national efforts for environment protection, provision of constitution of India regarding environment (article 48A and 58A)
• Environmental policy resolution, legislation, public policy strategies in pollution control, wildlife protection act, 1972 amended 1991, forest conservation act, 1980, Indian forests act (revised) 1982
• Air (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1981 as amended by amendment act, 1987 and rule 1982, motor vehicle act, 1988, the water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 as amended up to 1988 and rules 1975
• The environment (protection) act, 1986 and rules 1986, scheme of labelling of environmentally friendly products (ecomark), public liability insurance act, 1991 and rules 1991

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

• Probability, sampling, measurement and distribution of attributes; distribution-normal, t and , x², Poisson and binomial; arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means; moments; matrices, simultaneous linear equations; tests of hypothesis and significance
• Introduction to environmental system analysis; approaches to development of models; linear simple and multiple regression models, validation, and forecasting
• Models of population growth and interactions-Lotka-Volterra model, Leslie's matrix model, point source stream pollution model, box model, Gaussian plume model

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

• Environmental ethics and global imperatives
• Global environmental problems-ozone depletion, global warming and climatic change
• Current environmental issue in india
• Context: Narmada dam, Tehri dam, Almatti dam, soil erosion, formation and reclamation of usar, alkaline, and saline soil
• Waste lands and their reclamation
• Desertification and its control
• Vehicular pollution and urban air quality
• Depletion of natural resources
• Biodiversity conservation and agenda-21
• Waste disposal, recycling, and power generation, fly ash utilization
• Water crises-conservation of water
• Environmental hazards
• Eutrophication and restoration of indian lakes
• Rain water harvesting
• Wetlands conservation
• Epidemiological issues (example goitre, fluorosis, arsenic)

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Food groups, food preparation, food preservation, food science and food analysis, food processing

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• Fundamentals of nutrition, nutritional biochemistry, food microbiology, public nutrition, therapeutic nutrition

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• Management of hospitality institutes-hospital/ hotel/ restaurant/ café and outdoor catering, management of social institutes-family as institute, child care and geriatric institutes, panchayats, managements of educational institutes-pre-school
• Managements of educational institutes-primary, and secondary schools, (colleges and universities) higher educational institutes, management of special institutes for physically, mentally, and socially challenged
• Challenges and problems faced by institutions

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Principles of clothing-socio psychological aspects of clothing, selection of fabrics, clothing, and family clothing, clothing, construction-basic principles of drafting, flat pattern, and draping methods, textile design-principles and concepts
• Fashion design, fashion cycles, business and merchandising, care and maintenance of textile materials and garments; laundry agents-methods and equipments

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• General properties and fine structure of all textile fibers, processing and manufacture of all natural and man-made fibers, definition and classification of yarns; identification of yarns and its use in various fabrics, fabric construction
• Definition and types of woven, non-woven, knitted and other construction techniques, testings of fibers, yarns and fabric; importance of quality control and research institutes

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• Concept of home management and steps management of human resources; classification of resources; basis characteristics of resources, decision making in family; steps in decision making; methods of resolving conflicts, work simplification
• Importance of work simplification in home; Mundel’s classes of change; simple pen and pencil technique in work simplification, housing, interior design, principles of interior design, various colours and colour scheme
• Household equipment-selection and care

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Child development-principles and stages, lifespan development-theories of human development and behaviour, child rearing, socialization practices, and dynamics, early childhood care and education-emerging trends
• Development problems and disabilities during childhood and adolescence, guidance and counseling, advanced child study methods and assessment, women’s studies, family welfare programme-recent approaches

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• History and development of home science in formal/ non-formal and extension education, theory and practices of programmes/ curriculum planning and development, management and administration of formal/ non-formal and extension education
• Monitoring, supervision, and evaluation of formal, non-formal and extension education, vocationalization of home science in India
• Theories and principles of guidance and counseling in formal/ non-formal/ extension, problems and challenges encountered in formal/ non-formal/ extension

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Concept and classification of communication, traditional methods and materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use, modern methods and materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use, strategies for development communication
• Classroom communications in home science trends, communication for publicity and public relations, change and challenges in communication in contemporary society

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Trends in research in home science, research designs, types of research, sampling techniques, selection and preparation of tools for data collection, type of variables and their selection, data collection and classification/ coding
• Analysis of data through parametric and non-parametric statistics, report writing-presentation of data, interpretation, and discussion

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

• Information as a resource/ commodity, information transfer cycle-generation, collection, storage, and dissemination, role of information in planning, management, socio economic development, technology transfer, communication-channels, barriers
• Intellectual property rights-concept, copyright, censorship-print and non-print media, library and information policy at the national level

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

• Library resource sharing and networking, library movement and library legislation to India, library extension services, library and information science education in India, library and information profession
• Library associations in India, UK, and USA-ILA, IASLIC, IATUIS, SIS, LA, ASLIB, SLA, and ALA, library associations organizations at international level-FID, IFLA, and UNESCO

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

• Primary, secondary, and tertiary-documentary and ‘non-documentary, Reference sources-encyclopedias, dictionaries, geographical sources, biographical sources, year-books/ almanacs, directories, and, handbooks, statistical (salient features and evaluation)
• Bibliographical sources-bibliographies, union catalogues, indexing and abstracting journals (salient features and evaluation), e-documents, e-books, e-journals, databases-bibliographic, numeric, and full text-evaluation

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

• Bibliographic service, indexing and abstracting service, CAS, SDI, digest, service, trend report, online services, translation services, reprographic services

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

• Modes of formation of subjects, library classification-canons and principles, library classification schemes-DDC, UDC, and CC, library cataloguing-canons and principles, library cataloguing codes-CCC and AACR-II
• Bibliographic records-international standards-ISBDS, MARC, and CCF, indexing-pre-coordinate, post-coordinate, vocabulary control-thesaurus, lists of subject headings, databases-search strategies, Boolean operators, knowledge management

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

• Principles, functions, schools of thought, planning, organization structure, decision making, system study-analysis, evaluation and design, collection development-books, serials, non-book materials-selection, acquisition, maintenance; ISBN, ISSN
• Collection development-Cataloguing-In-Publication (CIP), human resources management-manpower planning, job analysis, job, description, selection, recruitment, motivation training and development, staff manual, leadership and performance evaluation
• Delegation of authority, financial management-resource generation, types of budgeting, cost and cost-benefit analysis, PERT, CPM, library buildings and equipments, performance evaluation of libraries/ information centers and services
• Marketing information product and services, total quality management (TQM)

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

• Components; impact of IT on society, computers-hardware, software, storage devices, input/ output devices, telecommunication-transmission media, switching systems, bandwidth, multiplexing, modulation, protocols, wireless communication, fax, e-mail
• Teleconferencing/ video-conferencing, Bulletin board service, teletext; videotext, voice mail, networking-concepts, topologies, types-LAN, MAN, and WAN, hypertext, hypermedia, multimedia, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
• Open systems interconnection (OSI)

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

• Areas of automation, planning, hardware and software selection, OPAC, networks-ERNET, NICNET, DELNET, JANET, BLAISE, OCLC, INFLIBNET, INTERNET-components, services, browsing-web browsers, search engines, meta-data, digital object identifier (DOI)
• National and international information systems-NISSAT, NASSDOC, INSDOC, DESIDOC, INIS, AGRIS, MEDLARS, INSPEC

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

• Basic, applied, interdisciplinary, research design, scientific method, hypotheses, data collection, sampling, methods of research-historical, descriptive, case study, survey, comparative and experimental
• Statistical methods, data analysis, report writing, research methods in library and information science and services bibliometrics

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

• National, public, academic, and special objectives, structure and functions, digital libraries-concept virtual libraries-concept, types of users, user studies, user education
• Role of UGC in the growth and development of libraries and information centers in institutions of higher education in India, role of Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation (RRLF)

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Demand analysis, production function, cost-output relations, market structures, pricing theories, advertising, macroeconomics, national income concepts, infrastructure-management and policy, business environment, capital budgeting

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• Skills and roles in an organization, classical, neoclassical, and modern theories of organizational structure, organizational design, understanding and managing individual behaviour personality, perception, values, attitudes, learning, motivation
• Understanding and managing group behaviour, processes, interpersonal and group dynamics, communication, leadership, managing change, managing conflicts
• Organizational development

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• HRM in changing environment, human resource planning-objectives, process, and techniques, job analysis-job description, selecting human resources, induction, training, and development, exit policy and implications, performance appraisal and evaluation
• Potential assessment, job evaluation, wage determination, industrial relations and trade unions, dispute resolution and grievance management, labour welfare and social security measures

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Nature and scope, valuation concepts and valuation of securities, capital budgeting decisions-risk analysis, capital structure and cost of capital, dividend policy-determinants, long-term and short-term financing instruments, mergers, and acquisitions

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• Marketing information systems and marketing research; understanding consumer and industrial markets; demand measurement and forecasting; market, segmentation-targeting and positioning; product decisions, product mix, product life cycle
• New product development; branding and packaging; pricing methods and strategies
• Promotion decisions-promotion mix; advertising; personal selling; channel management; vertical marketing systems; evaluation and control of marketing effort; marketing of services; customer relation management
• Uses of internet as a marketing medium-other related issues like branding, market development, advertising and retailing on the net
• New issues in marketing

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• Facility location; layout planning and analysis; production planning and control-production process analysis; demand forecasting for operations; determinants of product mix; production scheduling; work measurement; time and motion study
• Statistical quality control
• Role and scope of operations research; linear programming; sensitivity analysis; duality; transportation model; inventory control; queueing theory; decision theory; Markov analysis; PERT/ CPM

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Probability distributions-binomial, Poisson, normal and exponential; correlation and regression analysis; sampling theory; sampling distributions; tests of hypothesis; large and small samples; t, z, F, chi-square tests
• Use of computers in managerial applications; technology issues and data processing in organizations; information systems; MIS and decision making; system analysis and design; trends in information technology; internet and internet-based applications

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• Components of strategy formulation; Ansoff's growth vector; BCG model; Porter's generic strategies; competitor analysis; strategic dimensions and group mapping; industry analysis; strategies in industry evolution, fragmentation, maturity, and decline
• Competitive strategy and corporate strategy; transnationalization of world economy; managing cultural diversity; global entry strategies; globalization of financial system and services; managing international business; competitive advantage of nations
• Rtp and wto

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Types, characteristics; motivation; competencies and its development; innovation and entrepreneurship; small business-concepts government policy for promotion of small and tiny enterprises; process of business opportunity identification
• Detailed business plan preparation; managing small enterprises; planning for growth; sickness in small enterprises; rehabilitation of sick enterprises; entrepreneurship (organizational entrepreneurship)

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Ethical issues and analysis in management; value based organizations; personal framework for ethical choices; ethical pressure on individual in organizations; gender issues; ecological consciousness; environmental ethics
• Social responsibilities of business; corporate governance and ethics

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

• Basic terms, concepts, and definition, nature, and process, types of communication, mass communication-nature of media and content, mass communication in India-reach, access, and nature of audience

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

• Characteristics of Indian society-demographic and sociological impact of media in general, impact of media on specific audiences-women, children, etc
• Mass media effects studies and their limitations, mass campaigns for specific issues-social concerns, environment, human rights, gender equality, the press, radio, television, cinema, and traditional form of communication

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

• Journalists-their role and responsibilities Indian constitution, and freedom of press, research restrictions, ethics, and journalism, careers in journalism and mass media, training-problems, perception and response by the industry
• Media management-principles and practices, professional organizations in media, media laws in India

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

• Post-independent developments in print, newspapers-English and Indian language press-major landmarks, magazines-their role, book phase, and contemporary situation, small newspapers-problems and prospects, press commission
• Press councils-their recommendations and status, development of radio after independence-extension role, radio rural forums and local broadcasting-general and specific audience programmes, development of television-perception
• Development of television-initial development and experimental approach; SITE phase and evaluation; expansion of television-post-asiad phase, issues concerns and debates over a period of time
• Committees in broadcasting-background recommendations and implementation, cinema-historical overview and contemporary analysis-commercial, parallel, and documentary genres-problems and prospects for the film industry

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

• Role of media in social change-dominant paradigms, critique of the dominant paradigm and alternative conception, development initiatives-state, market and the third force (NGO sector)
• Participatory approaches and community media-ownership and management perspectives

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

• Mass communication research-historical overview, administrative and critical traditions, effects research-strengths and limitations, communication research in India-landmark studies related to site, content analysis-quantitative and qualitative approaches
• Market research and its relationship to communication particularly advertising, sampling techniques-strengths and limitations, statistical methods of analysis basics

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

• Decolonization and aspirations of nations, conflicts related to media coverage and representation, international news agencies-critique, MacBride commission-recommendations and policy options
• Contemporary issues related to transnational broadcasting and its impact on culture, various perspectives and cultural impact, convergence of media-problems and options, media policies in an international context
• India's position and approach to international communication issues

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

• Grammar of TV and radio and video, the production team, role of producer, different types of programmes, writing for radio, writing for TV-researching for scripts, the visual language, camera movements, basic theories of composition-cues and commands
• Formats for radio-television-news, sitcoms, features, commercials, operas, documentaries, cinema, theatre, drama, editing theory and practice, sound design, microphones, sets and lighting satellite, cable television, computers, microchips

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

• Marketing, ad copy and layout, public relations, public opinion, propaganda

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

• Different forms of writing, printing technology and production methods, news agencies, syndicates, and freelancing, specialized areas of journalism

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Nada, Shruti, Swara, Grama-Moorchana, Jati, Raga, Tala, Tan, Gamak, Gandharva-Gaan, Marga-Desi, Giti, Gaan, Varna, Alankar, melody, harmony, musical scales, musical intervals, consonance-dissonance, harmonics
• Western and south Indian terminology and their explanation, drone, Alpatva-Bahutva, Abirbhav-Tirobhav, Uthan, Peshkar, Kayda, Rela, Rang, Laggi, Ladi, Farshbandi, Tala, Laya, Matra, Avartan, Vibhag, Sashabda Kriya, Nishabda Kriya, Theka, Saral Gat
• Adi Gat, Chakradhar Gat, Farmaishi Gat and other variety of Gats and Kayadas, Upanga, Bhashanga, Gita, Kriti, Kirtana, Jatiswara, Pada, Swarajathi, Ragamalika, Tillana, Nyasa, Amsa, Prasa, Yati, Anuprasa, Alapana, Neraval, Sangati and other terms
• Gitinatya, Nritya-natya, Baitalik, VarshaMangal, Basantotsav, Gita-Bitana, Swara-Bitana, Akarmatrik notation, Masitkhani and Rajakhani Gat

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• Detailed and critical study of Ragas, classification of Ragas, that is, Grama Raga vargikaran, Mela Raga Vargikaran, Raga-Ragini Vargikaran, Thata Raga Vargikaran, and Raganga Vargikaran, time-theory of Ragas
• Application of melody and harmony in Indian music, placement of Shuddha and Vikrit Swaras on Shruties in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Detailed knowledge of prevalent talas of Hindustani music, knowledge of tala Dasa Pranas and Marga and Desi talas of ancient period, the original principles of making Tihai, Chakradhar Gat, Chakradhar Paran
• Comparative study of Hindustani and Carnatic tala system with special reference to ten pranas of tala, detailed study of different layakaris viz, Dugun, Tiguan, Chaugun, Ada, Kuada Viyada and method to apply them in compositions
• Tagore’s treatment of Hindustani ragas and raginis, elements of Hindustani classical music, Karnatak music, Western music, music from other provinces, folk music and Kirtan of Bengal and their influence on Tagore’s treatment of ragas

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• Prabandha, Dhrupada, Khyal, Dhamar, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, Chaturang, Trivat, Vrindagana, Vrinda Vadan, Javeli, Kriti, Tillana, Alap, Varnam (Pad Varnam and Tana Varnam), Padam, Ragam, Tanam, Pallavi, Gita, Varna, Swarajit, Kalpita, Sangita, Ragamalika
• Narvallu, Swara Kalpana (Manodharma Sangeet), Tevaram, Divya Prabandham, Thiruppugazh
• Main forms of rabindra sangeet
• Akarmatrik notation system
• Knowledge of devanagari script
• History of music of bengal

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Origin and development of gharanas in hindustani music and their contribution in preserving and promoting traditional hindustani classical music
• Merits and demerits of gharana system
• Origin and development of Gharana in instrumental music and percussion and their contribution in promoting traditional Indian classical music merits and demerits of Gharana system
• Study of the traditions and specialities of different Gharanas in vocal, instrument and percussion group
• Desirability and possibility of gharanas in contemporary music
• Guru shishya parampara and different styles of singing and playing in Carnatic music
• An overall survey of Rabindra Nath Tagore’s musical creativity, tonal and rhythmic varieties of Tagore’s musical compositions including his own experimental variations
• Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical. (chronological order may be maintained)
• The cultural atmosphere of Tagore’s family (Pathuriaghata and Jorasanko, Calcutta) thematic variations of Tagore’s Music: (Puja, Swadesh, Prem, Prakriti, Vichitra, Anusthanik)

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• Narad, Bharat, Dattil, Matanga, Sharangadeve, Nanyadeve, and others
• Lochan, Ramamatya, Pundarik Vitthal, Somnath, Damodar Mishra, Ahobal, Hridaya Narain Deva, Vynkatmakhi, Sriniwas, Pt. Bhatkhande, Pt. V. D. Paluskar, Pt. Omkarnath Thakur, K. C. D. Brahaspati, Dr. Premlata Sharma, and others
• Study of ancient, medieval, and modern treatises in percussion instruments like Bharat Natyashastra, Sangeet Samaysar, Radha Govind Sangit Sar, Madrul Mosiqui, Bhartiya Vadyoon Ka Itihas, sangeet Shastra, Bhartiya Sangeet Mei Taal aur Roop
• Abhinav Tala Manjari, Bhartiya Sangeet Vadya, and other treatises
• Contribution of various scholars to percussion instruments like Kudau Singh, Bhagwan Das, Raja Chatrapati Singh, Anokhe Lal, medieval, and modern period
• Tagore’s musical dramas (gitinatyas) and dance-dramas (nrityanatyas); example, Valmiki Pratibha, Kalmrigaya, Mayar Khela, Chitrangada, Chandalika, Shyama and other dramas full of various songs, that is, dramas like Prayaschita, Visarjan, Saradotsava
• Raja, Phalguni, Tasher Desh, Vasanta etc
• Tagore’s musical creativity in Gitabitan, part I, II, III, Swarabitan (notation books) Part I-63, Sangee-Chinta (Vishva-Bharti)
• Contribution of prominent Karnataka scholars, composers, and performers and their medieval and modern period like, work such as Ramayana, Venkatamakhi, Tyagaraja, Muttu-Swami Dikshitara, Shyama Sastri, Gopal Krishna Bharati, Prof. Sambamoorthy
• Papanasam Sivan, Vasantha Kumari, Subbulakshmi, Ramari, T. N. Krishnan, and others

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• A study of the historical development of Hindustani music (vocal, instrumental, percussion), Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Contribution of western scholars to indian music

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Its origin, expression and appreciation: Principle of aesthetics and its relation to Indian music
• Rasa theory and its application to indian music
• Relationship of musical aesthetics and Rasa to Hindustani music (vocal, instrumental, and percussion), Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Interrelationship of fine arts with special reference to Rag-Ragini Paintings, Dhyan of Ragas and others
• Bibliography of Rabindranath Tagore

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• Origin, evolution, structure of various instruments and their well-known exponents of Hindustani (Vocal, instruments, and percussion), Karnatac music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Importance of tanpura and its harmonics
• Classification of instruments of Hindustani, Karnatac music in ancient, medieval, and modern period
• Popular instruments used in rabindra sangeet
• Elementary knowledge of Indian dances like Kathak, Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali etc

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Influence of folk music on Indian classical music, stylisation of folk melodies into ragas
• Popular folk tunes and folk dances of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Rabindra Sangeet, such as Baul, Bhatiyali, Lavani, Garba, Kajri, Chaity, Maand, Bhangra, Gidda, Jhoomar, Swang, Pandwani, Amar-Praner Manush Acchhe Prane, Amar Sonar Bangla, Kirtan
• Popular folk tunes and folk dances of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Rabindra Sangeet, such as Sari, Rai Beshe, Jhumur, Karakattam, Kavadi Attam, Villupattu, Naiyandi Melam and other prominent folk forms
• Analysis of the elements of Hindustani folk music, Karnataka folk music or South Indian, folk music and Rabindra folk Sangeet or folk music of Bengal and the elements regarding their interrelationship
• General study of the folk music of various regions of India like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Bengal, and South India

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Guru Shishya Parampara, sangeet-Sampradaya Pradarshini and the institutional system of music teaching with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Utility of teaching aids like electronic equipments in music education with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• The methodologies of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection, field work, writing project reports, finding bibliography, reference material etc with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
• Study of interrelation between textual and oral tradition

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (the ancient Iranian literature): Unit 01

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods): Unit 01

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods): Unit 02

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods): Unit 03

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature): Unit 01

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature): Unit 02

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature): Unit 03

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature): Unit 01

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature): Unit 02

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature): Unit 03

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 01

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 02

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 03

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 04

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

• Health education and recreation
• Philosophies of education as applied to physical education-idealism, naturalism, realism, pragmatism, existentialism, humanism
• Biological basis of physical activity-benefits of exercise, growth, and exercise, exercise and well-being sex and age characteristics of adolescent, body types
• Psychological basis of physical education-play and play theories, general principles of growth and development, principles of motor-skill acquisition, transfer of training, effects
• Sociological basis of physical education-socialization process, social nature of men and physical activity, sports as cultural heritage of mankind, customs, traditions and sport, competition and cooperation
• Physical education in ancient Greece, Rome, and contemporary Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and Russia
• Olympic movement-historical development of ancient and modern Olympic games
• Physical education in india
• Factors influencing performance in sports
• Bioenergetics and recovery process
• Athletic injuries-their management and rehabilitation
• Therapeutic modalities
• Cryogenic aids and doping

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

• Physiology of blood circulation

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

• Planes and axes
• Kinetics, kinematics-linear and angular, levers
• Laws of motion, principles of equilibrium and force, spin, and elasticity
• Posture, postural deformities, and their correction
• Muscular analysis of motor movement
• Mechanical analysis of various sports activities
• Mechanical analysis of fundamental movements-(funning, jumping, throwing, pulling, and pushing)
• Massage manipulation and therapeutic exercises

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

• Motivation, theories and dynamics of motivation in sports
• Psychological factors affecting sports performance-viz., stress, anxiety, tension, and aggression
• Personality, its dimensions, theories, personality and performance
• Individual differences and their impact on skill learning, and performance
• Group dynamics, team cohesion, and leadership in sports
• Sociometrics, economics, and polities in sports
• Media and sports

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

• Professional courses in sports and physical education in india
• Professional ethics
• Qualities and qualifications of physical educational personnel
• Principles of curriculum planning
• Course content for academic and professional courses
• Age characteristics of pupils and selection of activities
• Construction of class and school physical education time table

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

• Guiding principles of health and health education
• Nutrition, and dietary manipulations
• Health-related fitness, obesity and its management
• Environmental and occupational hazards and first aid
• Communicable diseases-their preventive and therapeutic aspect
• School health programme and personal hygiene
• Theories and principles of recreation
• Recreation programme for various categories of people

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

• Training load and patronization
• Training methods and specific training programme for development of various motor qualities
• Technical and tactical preparation for sports
• Short-term and long-term training plans
• Sports talent identification-process and procedures
• Preparing for competition-(build up competitions, main competition, competition frequency, psychological preparation)
• Rules of games and sports and their interpretations

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

• Formulation and selection of research problem
• Sampling-process and techniques
• Methods of research
• Data collection-tools and techniques
• Statistical techniques of data analysis-measures of central tendency and variability, correlation, normal probability curve, t-test and f-tests, chi-square, z-test
• Hypothesis-formulation, types and testing
• Whiting research report

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

• Principles of measurement and evaluation
• Construction and classification of tests
• Criteria of test evaluation
• Concepts and assessment of physical fitness, motor fitness, motor ability and motor educability
• Skill test for badminton, basketball, hockey, lawn-tennis, soccer, volleyball
• Testing psychological variables-competitive anxiety, aggression, team cohesion, motivation, self-concept
• Anthropometric measurements and body composition

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

• Organization and functions of sports bodies
• Intramurals and extramurals
• Management of infrastructure, equipments, finance and personnel
• Methods and techniques of teaching
• Principles of planning physical education lessons
• Pupil-teacher interaction and relationship
• Concept of techniques of supervision

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Impact of social reform movements: factors that influenced the emergence of method approach in social work practice: Social work profession and human rights
• Philosophy and principles of social work and their application
• System approach to social work practice: Role of social work in the remedial, preventive and developmental models
• Definition, relevance and scope of integrated approach to social we practice, skills and techniques
• Social work education-content, training, supervision, problems and challenges

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• Social structure and social stratification; theories of social change and social disorganization
• Tribal, rural, and urban communities, weaker and vulnerable sections and minority groups
• Population, poverty, unemployment, under developments; problems of developing economies and consequences of new economic policy
• Concept of welfare state, Indian constitution-features, problems, fundamental rights and directive principles and planning in India-five-year plans
• Concept and causative factors of Indian social problems-analysis
• Intervention in social problems-government and voluntary efforts at micro-and macro-level
• Role of the social workers in identifying social problems and development of appropriate strategies

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• Human growth and development in the lifespan of individual
• Learning, socialization, and theories of personality

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Concept, objectives, and principles
• Social case work process-intake, study, social diagnosis, treatment, termination, and evaluation
• Approaches in case work-psychoanalytical, psychosocial, problem solving, behaviour modification, crisis intervention, eclectic approach
• Techniques and skills in social case work: Interviews, home visit, resource mobilization, referral, environmental modification, case work relationship, communication, types of recordings in case work
• Role of social case worker in various settings

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• Assumptions, definition and goals of group work
• Principles, skills, and values of social group work
• Stages of group development and use of programmes for group development: Orientation stage, working stage, termination stage, programme planning, implementation and evaluation
• Study of group process-group dynamics, member's behaviour, leadership, and role of the worker in various settings
• Approaches and models in group work practice-therapeutic/ social ‘treatment
• Development group and task-oriented group

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• Approaches in community organization-models, strategies, and role of social worker in each of the approaches
• Community development and community organization
• Social action in community organization-concept, purpose, and techniques
• Community organization as a para-political process-networking, conscientisation, planning and organizing, roles and strategies of social movements-types and role of NGOS

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Research designs, types, and methods
• Steps in social work research-problem formulation, operationalisation of variables, sampling, tools and techniques of data collection, data analysis, and report writing
• Role and responsibilities of the researcher
• Statistics-its use and limitation in social work research (measures of central tendency, chi-square test, t-test, correlation

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• Concept and scope, distinction between social and economic policies, place of ideology and values
• Evolution of social policy in India; review of major policies and programmes, viz., education, health, shelter, environment, social security, employment, family, child, women and youth welfare, welfare of the weaker sections, elderly and disabled
• Characteristics of social welfare organizations-size, nature, design, legal status, rules, and procedure and overall policy
• Management of social welfare organizations (government and voluntary )-home relation, financial relation and physical relation
• Programme and project management-identifying overall and specific needs, project formulations, monitoring and evaluation, recording and accountability

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Its relationship with social legislation; civil rights; human rights; and issues of social justice
• Legislations pertaining to women and children
• Legislations pertaining to social defence, social security, and social assistance
• Legislations pertaining to people with disability, the underprivileged and health related legislations
• Role of social worker in promoting social legislation and social justice

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Social development-meaning, concept, and indicators
• Approaches and strategies-growth and equity, minimum needs, quality of life
• Global efforts for human development, concept of sustainable development
• Social work and social development
• Problems of social development in india

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Milky way and the solar system
• Modern theories on the origin of the earth and other planetary bodies
• Earth's orbital parameters, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, geological time scale; space and time scales of processes in the solid earth, atmosphere, and oceans
• Age of the earth
• Radioactive isotopes and their applications in earth sciences
• Basic principles of stratigraphy
• Theories about the origin of life and the nature of fossil record
• Earth's gravity and magnetic fields, and its thermal structure: Concept of geoid and, spheroid; isostasy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Gross composition and physical properties of important minerals and rocks; properties and processes responsible for mineral concentrations; nature and distribution of rocks and minerals in different units of the earth and different parts of India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Physiography of the earth; weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of earth's material; formation of soil, sediments and sedimentary rocks; energy balance of the earth's surface processes; physiographic features and river basins in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Basic concepts of seismology and internal structure of the earth
• Physico-chemical and seismic properties of earth's interior
• Concepts of stress and strain
• Behaviour of rocks under stress; folds, joints, and faults
• Earthquakes-their causes and measurement
• Interplate and intraplate seismicity
• Paleomagnetism, sea floor spreading, and plate tectonics

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Hypsography of the continents and ocean floor-continental shelf, slope, rise, and abyssal plains
• Physical and chemical properties of sea water and their spatial variations
• Residence times of elements in seawater
• Ocean currents, waves and tides, important current systems, thermohaline circulation, and the oceanic conveyor belt
• Major water masses of the world's oceans
• Biological productivity in the oceans
• Motion of fluids, waves in atmospheric and oceanic systems
• Atmospheric turbulence and boundary layer
• Structure and chemical composition of the atmosphere, lapse rate, and stability, scale height, geopotential, greenhouse gases, and global warming
• Cloud formation and precipitation processes, air-sea interactions on different space and time scales
• Insolation and heat budget, radiation balance, general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean
• Climatic and sea level changes on different time scales
• Coupled ocean-atmosphere system, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
• General weather systems of India-monsoon system, cyclone and jet stream, western disturbances and severe local convective systems, distribution of precipitation over India
• Marine and atmospheric pollution, ozone depletion

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Properties of water; hydrological cycle; water resources and management
• Energy resources, uses, degradation, alternatives, and management; ecology and biodiversity
• Impact of use of energy and land on the environment
• Exploitation and conservation of mineral and other natural resources
• Natural hazards
• Elements of remote sensing

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Concept of point group, space group, reciprocal lattice, diffraction, and imaging
• Concepts of crystal field theory and mineralogical spectroscopy
• TEM and SEM applications
• Lattice defects (point, line, and planar)
• Electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of minerals
• Bonding and crystal structures of common oxides, sulphides, and silicates
• Transformation of minerals-polymorphism, polytypism, and polysomatism
• Solid solution and exsolution
• Steady-state geotherms
• Genesis, properties, emplacement, and crystallization of magmas
• Phase equilibrium studies of simple systems, effect of volatiles on melt equilibrium
• Magma mixing,-mingling, and-immiscibility
• Metamorphic structures and textures; isograds and facies
• Mineral reactions with condensed phases, solid solutions, mixed volatile equilibrium, and thermobarometry
• Metamorphism of pelites, mafic-ultramafic rocks, and siliceous dolomites
• Material transport during metamorphism
• P-T-T path in regional metamorphic terrains, plate tectonics, and metamorphism
• Petrogenetic aspects of important rock suites of India, such as the Deccan traps, layered intrusive complexes, anorthosites, carbonatites, charnockites, kimberlites, ophiolites and granitoids

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Theory of stress and strain
• Behaviour of rocks under stress
• Mohr circle
• Various states of stress and their representation by mohr circles
• Different types of failure and sliding criteria
• Geometry and mechanics of fracturing and conditions for reactivation of pre-existing discontinuities
• Common types of finite strain ellipsoids
• L-, l-s-, and s-tectonic fabrics
• Techniques of strain analysis
• Particle paths and flow patterns
• Progressive strain history
• Introduction to deformation mechanisms
• Role of fluids in deformation processes
• Geometry and analyses of brittle-ductile and ductile shear zones
• Sheath folds
• Geometry and mechanics of development of folds, boudins, foliations, and lineations
• Interference patterns of superposed fold
• Fault-related folding
• Gravity induced structures
• Tectonic features of extensional-, compressional-, and strike-slip terranes, and relevance to plate boundaries

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Theories on origin of life
• Organic evolution-punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism models
• Mass extinctions and their causes
• Application of fossils in age determination and correlation
• Paleoecology, life habitats, and various ecosystems, paleobiogeography
• Modes of preservation of fossils and taphonomic considerations
• Types of microfossils
• Environmental significance of fossils and trace fossils
• Use of microfossils in interpretation of seafloor tectonism
• Application of micropaleontology in hydrocarbon exploration
• Oxygen and carbon isotope studies of microfossils and their use in paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic interpretation
• Important invertebrate fossils, vertebrate fossils, plant fossils, and microfossils in Indian stratigraphy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Clastic sediments-gravel, sand, and mud; biogenic, chemical, and volcanogenic sediments
• Classification of conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones, and carbonate rocks
• Flow regimes and processes of sediment transport
• Sedimentary textures and structures
• Sedimentary facies and environments, reconstruction of paleoenvironments
• Formation and evolution of sedimentary basins
• Diagenesis of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks
• Recent developments in stratigraphic classification
• Code of stratigraphic nomenclature-stratotypes, global boundary stratotype sections and points (GSSP)
• Lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic subdivisions
• Methods of stratigraphic correlation including Shaw’s graphic correlation
• Concept of sequence stratigraphy
• Rates of sediment accumulation, unconformities
• Facies concept in stratigraphy-Walther’s law
• Methods for paleogeographic reconstruction
• Earth’s climatic history
• Phanerozoic stratigraphy of India with reference to the type areas-their correlation with equivalent formations in other regions
• Boundary problems in indian phanerozoic stratigraphy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Morphologic and tectonic domains of the ocean floor
• Structure, composition, and mechanism of the formation of oceanic crust
• Hydrothermal vents-ocean margins and their significance
• Ocean circulation, Coriolis effect and Ekman spiral, convergence, divergence and upwelling, El Nino
• Indian ocean dipole thermohaline circulation and oceanic conveyor belt
• Formation of bottom waters; major water masses of the world’s oceans
• Oceanic sediments: Factors controlling the deposition and distribution of oceanic sediments; geochronology of oceanic sediments, diagenetic changes in oxic and anoxic environments
• Tectonic evolution of the ocean basins
• Mineral resources
• Paleoceanography-approaches to paleoceanographic reconstructions; various proxy indicators for paleoceanographic interpretation
• Reconstruction of monsoon variability by using marine proxy records opening and closing of ocean gateways and their effect on circulation, and climate during the Cenozoic
• Sea level processes and sea level changes
• Methods of paleo sea surface temperature
• Quantifications

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Structure and atomic properties of elements, the periodic table; ionic substitution in minerals; phase rule and its applications in petrology, thermodynamics of reactions involving pure phases, ideal and non-ideal solutions, and fluids
• Equilibrium and distribution coefficients
• Nucleation and diffusion processes in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary environments, redox reactions and Eh-pH diagrams, and their applications
• Mineral/ mineral assemblages as ‘sensors’ of ambient environments
• Geochemical studies of aerosols, surface-, marine-, and ground waters
• Radioactive decay schemes and their application to geochronology and petrogenesis
• Stable isotopes and their application to earth system processes; geochemical cycles

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

• Magmatic, hydrothermal and surface processes of ore formation
• Metallogeny and its relation to crustal evolution; active ore-forming systems, methods of mineral deposit studies including ore microscopy, fluid inclusions and isotopic systematics; ores and metamorphism cause and effect relationships
• Geological setting, characteristics, and genesis of ferrous, base and noble metals
• Origin, migration, and entrapment of petroleum; properties of source and reservoir rocks; structural, stratigraphic and combination traps
• Methods of petroleum exploration
• Petroliferous basins of india
• Origin of peat, lignite, bitumen, and anthracite
• Classification, rank and grading of coal; coal petrography, coal resources of India
• Gas hydrates and coal bed methane
• Nuclear and non-conventional energy resources

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

• Evolution of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere; lithological, geochemical and stratigraphic characteristics of granite-greenstone and granulite belts
• Stratigraphy and geochronology of the cratonic nuclei, mobile belts and proterozoic sedimentary basins of India
• Life in precambrian
• Precambrian-cambrian boundary with special reference to India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

• Definition of quaternary
• Quaternary stratigraphy-oxygen isotope stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and magnetostratigraphy
• Quaternary climates-glacial-interglacial cycles, eustatic changes, proxy indicators of paleoenvironmental/ paleoclimatic changes, land, ocean, and cryosphere (ice core studies)
• Responses of geomorphic systems to climate, sea level and tectonics on variable time scales in the quaternary, quaternary dating methods, radiocarbon, uranium series, luminescence, amino-acid, relative dating methods
• Quaternary stratigraphy of India-continental records (fluvial, glacial, Aeolian, paleosols, and duricrust); marine records; continental-marine correlation of quaternary record
• Evolution of man and stone age cultures
• Plant and animal life in relation to glacial and interglacial cycles during quaternary
• Tectonic geomorphology, neotectonics, active tectonics, and their applications to natural hazard assessment

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

• Remote sensing and GIS: Elements of photogrammetry, elements of photo interpretation, electromagnetic spectrum, emission range, film and imagery, sensors, geological interpretations air photos and imageries. Global positioning systems
• Remote sensing and GIS: GIS-data structure, attribute data, thematic layers, and query analysis
• Engineering geology: Engineering properties of rocks and physical characteristics of building stones, concretes, and other aggregates. Geological investigations for construction of dams, bridges, highways, and tunnels. Remedial measures
• Engineering geology: Mass movements with special emphasis on landslides and causes of hillslope instability. Seismic design of buildings
• Mineral exploration: Geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geobotanical methods of surface and subsurface exploration on different scales. Sampling, assaying, and evaluation of mineral deposits
• Hydrogeology: Groundwater, Darcy’s law, hydrological characteristics of aquifers, hydrological cycle. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, and infiltration processes. Hydrological classification of water-bearing formations
• Hydrogeology: Fresh and salt-water relationships in coastal, and inland areas. Groundwater exploration and water pollution. Groundwater regimes in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-physical geography-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Concepts in geomorphology
• Historical and process geomorphology
• Landforms in relation to climate, rock type, structure, and tectonics
• Processes-weathering, pedogenesis, mass movement, erosion, transportation and deposition
• Geomorphic processes and landforms-fluvial, glacial, eolian, coastal, and karst
• River forms and processes-stream flow, stage-discharge relationship; hydrographs and flood frequency analysis
• Submarine relief
• Geomorphology and topographic analysis including DEM, environmental change-causes, effects on processes and landforms
• Extraterrestrial geomorphology

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-physical geography-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Fundamental principles of climatology
• Earth’s radiation balance; latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature, pressure, wind belts, humidity, cloud formation and precipitation, water balance
• Air masses, monsoon, jet streams, tropical cyclones, and enso
• Classification of climates-Koppen and Thornthwaite scheme of classification
• Climate change

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-physical geography-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Elements of biogeography with special reference to India; environment, habitat, plant-animal association; zoo-geography of India; biomes, elements of plant geography, distribution of forests, and major plant communities
• Distribution of major animal communities
• Conservation of forests
• Wildlife sanctuaries and parks

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-physical geography-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Man-land relationship
• Resources-renewable and nonrenewable
• Natural and man-made hazards-droughts, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis
• Ecological balance, environmental pollution, and deterioration

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-physical geography-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Physiography, drainage, climate, soils and natural resources-the Himalaya, Ganga-Brahmaputra plains, and peninsular India precambrian shield, the Gondwana rift basins, Deccan Plateau
• Indian climatology with special reference to seasonal distribution and variation of temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation; climate zones of India
• Agricultural geography of india
• Population-its distribution and characteristics
• Urbanization and migration
• Environmental problems and issues

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Continuous and discrete signals; Fourier series; linear time invariant systems with deterministic and random inputs; band limited signal and sampling theorem; discrete and fast Fourier transform; Z-transform; convolution; filters: Discrete and continuous
• Filters: Recursive, non-recursive, optimal and inverse filters; deconvolution

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Newtonian potential; Laplace and Poisson’s equations; Green’s theorem; Gauss’ law; continuation integral; equivalent stratum; Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic theory; displacement potential, Helmholtz’s theorem and seismic wave propagation

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Numerical differentiation and integration, finite element, and finite difference techniques; Simpson’s rules; Gauss’ quadrature formula; initial value problems; pattern recognition in geophysics
• Well posed and ill-posed problems; method of least squares; direct search and gradient methods; generalized inversion techniques; singular value decomposition; global optimization

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Normal gravity field; Clairaut’s theorem; shape of the earth; deflection of the vertical, geoid, free-air, Bouguer and isostatic anomalies, isostatic models for local and regional compensation
• Geomagnetic field, secular, and transient variations and their theories; palaeomagnetism, construction of polar wandering curves

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Vine-Matthews hypothesis, marine magnetic anomalies, sea floor spreading; mid-oceanic ridges and geodynamics; plate tectonics hypothesis; plate boundaries and seismicity
• Heat flow mechanisms, core-mantle convection, and mantle plumes

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Seismometry: Short period, long period, broadband, and strong motion; elements of earthquake seismology; seismic sources: Faulting source, double couple hypothesis, elastodynamics, Haskell’s function, seismic moment tensor
• Seismic sources: Focal mechanism and fault plane solutions; seismic gaps; seismotectonics and structure of the earth; Himalayan and stable continental region earthquakes, reservoir induced seismicity; seismic hazards; earthquake prediction

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

• Gravimeters and magnetometers; data acquisition from land, air, and ship; corrections and reduction of anomalies; ambiguity; regional and residual separation; continuation and derivative calculations; interpretation of anomalies of simple geometric bodies
• Single pole, sphere, horizontal cylinder, sheet, dyke, and fault
• Forward modelling and inversion of arbitrary shaped bodies and 2-D, 3D interfaces
• Interpretations in frequency domain

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

• Electrical profiling and sounding, typical sounding curves, pseudo-sections; resistivity transform and direct interpretation; induced polarization methods
• Electromagnetic field techniques; elliptic polarization, in-phase and out of phase components, horizontal and vertical loop methods; interpretation; VLF (very low frequency); AFMAG (audio frequency magnetic) methods; and central frequency sounding
• Transient electromagnetic methods; magneto-telluric method; geomagnetic depth sounding

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

• Generalized Snell’s law; Ray theory; reflection, refraction, diffraction; Zoeppritz equation; seismic energy sources; detectors; seismic noises and noise profile analysis; seismic data recording and telemetry devices
• Reduction to a datum and weathering corrections; interpretation of a refraction seismic data by graphical and analytical techniques; CD/ CMP; seismic reflection data processing, velocity analysis, F-K filtering, stacking, deconvolution
• Migration before and after stack; bright spot analysis, wavelet processing; attenuation studies, shear waves, AVO; VSP; introduction to 3D seismics; seismic stratigraphy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-geophysics-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

• Open hole, cased hole, and production logging; electrical logs; lateral, latero, induction, SP; porosity logs; sonic, density, neutron; natural gamma; determination of formation factor, porosity, permeability, density, water saturation, lithology
• Logging while drilling
• Radioactive and geothermal methods

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• Fundamental principles of climatology
• Earth’s radiation balance; latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature, pressure, wind belts, humidity, cloud formation, and precipitation, water balance
• Air masses, monsoon, jet streams, tropical cyclones, and enso
• Classification of climates-Koppen and Thornthwaite scheme of classification
• Climate change

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Thermal structure of the atmosphere and its composition
• Radiation: Basic laws-Rayleigh and Mie scattering, multiple scattering, radiation from the sun, solar constant, effect of clouds, surface, and planetary albedo
• Emission and absorption of terrestrial radiation, radiation windows, radiative transfer, greenhouse effect, net radiation budget; thermodynamics of dry and moist air: Specific gas constant, adiabatic and isentropic processes, entropy and enthalpy
• Thermodynamics of dry and moist air: Moisture variables, virtual temperature; Clausius-Clapeyron equation, adiabatic process of moist air; thermodynamic diagrams: Hydrostatic equilibrium-hydrostatic equation, variation of pressure with height
• Thermodynamic diagrams: Hydrostatic equilibrium-geopotential, standard atmosphere, altimetry
• Vertical stability of the atmosphere: Dry and moist air parcel and slice methods
• Tropical convection

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Fair weather electric field in the atmosphere and potential gradients, ionization in the atmosphere
• Electrical fields in thunderstorms, theories of thunderstorm electrification

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Cloud classification, condensation nuclei, growth of cloud drops and ice crystals, precipitation mechanisms: Bergeron, Findeisen process, coalescence process-precipitation of warm and mixed clouds, artificial precipitation, hail suppression
• Precipitation mechanisms: Fog and cloud-dissipation, radar observation of clouds and precipitation, radar equation, raindrop spectra, radar echoes of hail storm and tornadoes, radar observation of hurricanes, measurements of rainfall by radar

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

• Basic equations and fundamental forces: Pressure, gravity, centripetal and Coriolis forces, continuity equation in Cartesian and isobaric coordinates
• Momentum equation Cartesian and spherical coordinates; scale analysis, inertial flow, geostrophic and gradient winds, thermal wind
• Divergence and vertical motion Rossby, Richardson, Reynolds, and Froude numbers
• Circulation, vorticity and divergence; Bjerknes circulation theorem and applications, vorticity and divergence equations, scale analysis, potential vorticity, stream function and velocity potential
• Atmospheric turbulence: Mixing length theory, planetary boundary layer equations, surface layer, Ekman layer, eddy transport of heat, moisture, and momentum, Richardson criterion; linear perturbation theory: Internal and external gravity waves
• Linear perturbation theory: Inertia waves, gravity waves, Rossby waves, wave motion in the tropics, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities
• Atmospheric energetic: Kinetic, potential, and internal energies-conversion of potential and internal energies into kinetic energy, available potential energy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

• Computational instability, filtering of sound and gravity waves, filtered forecast equations, barotropic and equivalent barotropic models, two parameter baroclinic model, relaxation method
• Multi-layer primitive equation models
• Short, medium, and long range weather prediction
• Objective analysis; initialization of the data for use in weather prediction models; data assimilation techniques, application of satellite in NWP (numerical weather prediction) and remotely sensed data

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

• Observed zonally symmetric circulations, meridional circulation models, mean meridional and eddy transport of momentum and energy, angular momentum and energy budgets; zonally asymmetric features of general circulation; standing eddies
• East-west circulations in tropics: Climate variability and forcings; feedback processes, low frequency variability, MJO Madden-Julian oscillation), ENSO, QBO (quasi biennial oscillation) and sunspot cycles
• Basic principles of general circulation modelling; gridpoint and spectral GCMs; role of the ocean in climate modelling; interannual variability of ocean fields (SST, winds, circulation, etc) and its relationship with monsoon
• Concepts of ocean-atmosphere coupled models

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

• Weather observations and transmission, synoptic charts, analysis of surface, upper air another derivative chart, stream-lines, isotachs and contour analysis; tilt and slope of pressure/ weather systems with height
• Synoptic weather forecasting, prediction of weather elements such as rain, maximum, and minimum temperature and fog; hazardous weather elements like thunderstorms, dust storms, tornadoes
• Tropical meteorology: Trade wind inversion, ITCZ; monsoon trough tropical cyclones, their structure and development theory; monsoon depressions; tropical easterly jet stream; low level jets, Somali jet, waves in easterlies; western disturbances
• Tropical meteorology: SW and NE monsoons; synoptic features associated with onset, withdrawal, break active and weak monsoons and their prediction
• Air masses and fronts: Sources, origin and classification of air masses; and fronts, frontogenesis and frontolysis; structure of cold and warm fronts; weather systems associated with fronts
• Extra-tropical synoptic scale features: Jet streams, extratropical cyclones, and anticyclones

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

• Role of meteorology in aviation, weather hazards associated with take off cruising and landing, inflight-icing, turbulence, visibility, fog, clouds, rain, gusts, wind shear and thunderstorms, now casting and very short range forecasting

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-meteorology-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

• Meteorological satellites-polar orbiting and geostationary satellites, visible and infrared radiometers, multiscanner radiometers; identification of synoptic systems, fog and sandstorms, detection of cyclones, estimation of SST, cloud top temperatures
• Winds and rainfall: Temperature and humidity soundings

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-ocean sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

• T-S diagrams; mixing processes in the oceans; characteristics of important water masses
• Wind generated waves in the oceans; their characteristics; shallow and deep water waves
• Propagation, refraction, and reflection of waves
• Wave spectrum, principles of wave forecasting
• Tide-producing forces and their magnitudes; prediction of tides by the harmonic method; tides and tidal currents in shallow seas, estuaries, and rivers
• Factors influencing coastal processes; transformation of waves in shallow water; effects of stratification; effect of bottom friction, phenomena of wave reflection, refraction and diffraction; breakers and surf; littoral currents
• Wave action on sediments-movement to beach material; rip currents; beach stability, ocean beach nourishment; harbour resonance; seiches; tsunami; interaction of waves and structure
• Estuaries: Classification and nomenclature; tides in estuaries; estuarine circulation and mixing; depth-averaged and breadth, averaged models; sedimentation in estuaries; salinity intrusion in estuaries; effect of stratification; coastal pollution
• Estuaries: Mixing and dispersal of pollutants in estuaries and near-shore areas; coastal zone management
• The global wind system; action of wind on ocean surface; Ekman’s theory; Sverdrup, Stommel and Munk’s theories; upwelling and sinking with special reference to the Indian ocean
• Inertial currents; divergences and convergences; geostrophic motion; barotropic and baroclinic conditions; oceanic eddies, relationship between density, pressure and dynamic topography; relative and slope currents
• Wind driven coastal currents; typical scales of motion in the ocean
• Characteristics of the global conveyor belt circulation and its causes
• Formation of subtropical gyres; western boundary currents; equatorial current systems; El Nino; monsoonal winds and currents over the north Indian ocean; Somali current; southern ocean
• Upwelling process in the arabian sea

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-ocean sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

• Composition of seawater-classification of elements based on their distribution; major and minor constituents; behaviour of element; chemical exchanges across interfaces, and residence times in seawater
• Chemical and biological interactions-ionic interactions; cycling and air-sea exchange of important biogenic dissolved gases; carbon dioxide carbonate system; alkalinity and control of pH; abiotic and biotic controls of trace elements in the ocean
• Chemical and biological interactions-biological pump and controls on atmospheric composition

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-ocean sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

• Morphologic and tectonic domains of the ocean floor
• Structure, composition, and mechanism of the formation of oceanic crust
• Hydrothermal vents-ocean margins and their significance
• Ocean circulation, Coriolis effect and Ekman spiral, convergence, divergence, and upwelling, El Nino
• Indian ocean dipole thermohaline circulation and oceanic conveyor belt
• Formation of bottom waters; major water masses of the world’s oceans
• Oceanic sediments: Factors controlling the deposition and distribution of oceanic sediments; geochronology of oceanic sediments, digenetic changes in oxic and anoxic environments
• Tectonic evolution of the ocean basins
• Mineral resources
• Paleoceanography-approaches to paleoceanographic reconstructions; various proxy indicators for paleoceanographic interpretation
• Reconstruction of monsoon variability by using marine proxy records opening and closing of ocean gateways and their effect on circulation and climate during the cenozoic
• Sea level processes and sea level changes
• Methods of paleo sea surface temperature
• Quantifications

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-C)-ocean sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

• Classification of the marine environment and marine organisms
• Physicochemical factors affecting marine life-light, temperature, salinity, pressure, nutrients, dissolved gases; adaptation and biological processes
• Primary and secondary production; factors controlling phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and diversity; nekton and fisheries oceanography; benthic organisms; coastal marine communities and community ecology-estuaries
• Coral reefs and mangrove communities, deep-sea ecology including hydrothermal vent communities
• Energy flow and mineral cycling-energy transfer and transfer efficiencies through different trophic levels; food webs including the microbial loop
• Human impacts on marine communities; impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity
• Impact of pollution on marine environments including fisheries

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 01

• Arab kingdoms: North and south, social life of Bedouin and settled Arabs, cultural evolutions of Arabs, religious conditions, socio-political conditions, commercial and economic activities, Arabic language and literature

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 02

• His migration to Madinah, Prophet’s life at Madinah, formulation of social system at Madinah (early phase), basic teachings of Islamic faith, formulation of Islamic state, socioeconomic and political system of Islam, achievements of Prophet Muhammad

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 03

• Hazrat Abu Bakr: Life and achievements, Hazrat Umar: Life and his administration, expansion and consolidation of Islamic state during the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman: Life and political problems faced by him
• Hazrat Ali: His life and internal conflicts, general assessment of Khilafat-e-Rashidah

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 04

• The policy of Arab nationalism adopted by the Umayyads, social conditions under the Umayyad rule, expansion and consolidation of the state, system of education under the Umayyads
• Development of Arabic language and literature, art and architecture under the Umayyads, decline of the Umayyad rule

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 05

• Important Caliphs and achievements, socio-cultural and religious developments, development of education, progress in the fields of various sciences and literature, contribution of Abbasids to fine arts, art and architecture under Abbasids

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 06

• Ethical and philosophical teachings, socioeconomic and political teachings, the origin and development of Tafsir literature, important commentators: Mohammed Bin-Jarir at-Tabari, Razi, Zamakhshari, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Abul Ala Maududi
• Important commentators: Abul Kalam Azad, Ashraf Ali Thanvi

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 07

• Transmission and scrutiny of Hadith, genesis of Islamic Fiqh and its development, major collections of Hadith, source of Islamic law, schools of Islamic law, contemporary problem and Islamic Fiqh

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 08

• Arab philosophers: Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazzali, Ibn-e-Rushd, development of Ilmul-Kalam, Mu'tazilites and Asharites, Shah Waliullah and his contribution to muslim philosophy

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 09

• Impact of sufism on Indian society, important of sufi orders: Chishti, Naqshbandi, Suhrawadi, Qadari, Sufi, and bhakti movements, important works of sufism: Awarif-al-Ma'arif, Futuhat al-Makkiyyah, Maqasid al-Arifin

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III (A) (core group): Unit 10

• Shias, Khawarij, Ahl-e-Hadith, Al-Ikhwan-al-Muslimun, Al-Ba’th, Jamaat-e-Islami, Sannusi movement

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III B (elective/ optional): Unit 01

• Reform movements in India, socio-religious development in modern Iran, socio-political development in modern Turkey

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-III B (elective/ optional): Unit 02

• Impact of western civilization of Arabs, contemporary Indo-Arab relations, India as depicted in Arab writings

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 01

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 02

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 03

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 04

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 05

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 06

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 07

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 08

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 09

Arabic-paper-III A (core): Unit 10

Arabic-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 01

Arabic-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 01

Arabic-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 01

Arabic-paper-III B (elective-IV): Unit 01

Arabic-paper-III B (elective-V): Unit 01

Commerce-Paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 01

• Accounting standards in India, inflation accounting, human resource accounting, responsibility accounting, social accounting, money and capital market, working of stock exchanges in India, NSE, OTCEI, NASDAQ, derivatives, and options
• Regulatory authorities: SEBI, rating agencies; new instruments: GDRS, ADRs, venture capital funds, mergers and acquisitions, mutual funds, lease financing, factoring, measurements of risk and returns securities and portfolios
• Computer application in accounting and finance

Commerce-Paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 01

• Marketing tasks, concepts and tools, marketing environment, consumer behaviour and market segmentation, product decisions, pricing decisions, distributions decisions, promotion decisions, marketing research, online marketing, direct marketing
• Social, ethical, and legal aspects of marketing in India

Commerce-Paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 01

• Concept; role, and functions of human resource management, human resource planning, job analysis, job description and specifications, use of job analysis information, recruitment and selection, training and development, succession planning
• Compensation: Wage and salary administration, incentives and fringe benefits, morale, and productivity, appraisal performance, industrial relations in India, health, safety, welfare and social security, workers participation in management

Commerce-Paper-III B (elective-IV): Unit 01

• Foreign direct investment and multinational corporations-MNCs culture, MNCs, and LDCs, joint ventures, regional economic integration: SAARC, ASEAN, EC, NAFTA, India and WTO, intellectual property rights, foreign exchange: Exchange rate, mechanism
• Foreign exchange: Risk management, transfer of international payments, convertibility of rupee, current and capital accounts; issues and perceptions, derivatives and futures, foreign investment institution
• Instruments: GDRSs, ADRs, FIIs-their role in Indian capital market

Commerce-Paper-III B (elective-V): Unit 01

• Basic concepts, residential status and tax incidence, exempted incomes, computation of taxable income under various heads, computation of taxable income of individuals and firms, deduction of tax, filing of returns, different types of assessment
• Defaults and penalties, tax planning: Concept, significance, and problems of tax planning, tax evasion and tax avoidance, methods of tax planning, tax considerations in specific business decisions, viz., make or buy; own or lease, retain or replace
• Export or domestic sales; shut-down or closure; expand or contract; invest or disinvest, computer application in income tax and tax planning

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Sequential circuit design, hardwired and microprogrammed processor design, instruction formats, addressing modes, memory types and organization, interfacing peripheral devices, interrupts
• Microprocessor architecture, instruction set and programming (8085, P-III/ P-IV), microprocessor applications

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• ER diagrams, data models, design of relational database, normalization, SQL and QBE, query processing and optimization, centralized and distributed database, security, concurrency and recovery in centralized and distributed database systems
• Object oriented database management systems (concepts, composite objects, integration with RDBMS applications), ORACLE

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• Input devices, 2D geometry, graphic operations, 3D graphics, animation, graphic standard, applications
• Concepts, storage devices, input tools, authoring tools, application, files

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Paradigms and models
• Data
• Data types, operators, expressions, assignment
• Flow of control-control structures, I/O statements, user-defined and built-in functions, parameter passing
• Principles, classes, inheritance, class hierarchies, polymorphism, dynamic binding, reference semantics, and their implementation
• Principles, functions, lists, types and polymorphisms, higher order functions, lazy evaluation, equations, and pattern matching
• Principles, horn clauses and their execution, logical variables, relations, data structures, controlling the search order, program development in prolog, implementation of prolog, example programs in prolog
• Principles of parallelism, coroutines, communication, and execution
• Parallel virtual machine (PVM) and message passing interface (MPI) routines and calls
• Parallel programs in pvm paradigm as well as mpi paradigm for simple problems like matrix multiplication
• Preconditions, post-conditions, axiomatic approach for semantics, correctness, denotational semantics
• Compiler structure, compiler construction tools, compilation phases
• Finite automata, pushdown automata
• Non-determinism and NFA, DPDA, and PDAs and languages accepted by these structures
• Grammars, languages-types of grammars-type 0, type 1, type 2, and type 3
• The relationship between types of grammars, and finite machines
• Pushdown automata and context free grammars
• Lexical analysis-regular expressions and regular languages
• Lex package on unix
• Conversion of nfa to dfa
• Minimizing the number of states in a dfa
• Compilation and interpretation
• Bootstrap compilers
• Context free grammars
• Parsing and parse trees
• Representation of parse (derivation) trees as rightmost and leftmost derivations
• Bottom up parsers-shift-reduce, operator precedence, and LR
• Yacc package on unix system
• Topdown parsers-left recursion and its removal
• Recursive descent parser
• Predictive parser, intermediate codes-quadruples, triples
• Intermediate code generation, code generation
• Code optimization

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• Asynchronous and synchronous transmission, transmission media, multiplexing and concentration, switching techniques, polling
• Topologies, networking devices, OSI reference model, protocols for-(I) data Link layer, (ii) network layer, and (ii) transport layer, TCP/ IP protocols, networks security, network administration

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• Arrays, lists, stacks queues, priority queues, binary trees, B-trees, graphs
• Sorting and searching algorithms, analysis of algorithms, interpolation and binary search, asymptotic notations-big ohm, omega, and theta
• Average case analysis of simple programs like finding of a maximum of n elements
• Recursion and its systematic removal
• Quicksort-non-recursive implementation with minimal stack storage
• Design of algorithms (divide and conquer, greedy method, dynamic programming, back tracking, branch and bound)
• Lower bound theory, non-deterministic algorithm-nondeterministic programming constructs
• Simple non-deterministic programs
• NP-hard and NP-complete problems

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Messages, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, aggregation, abstract classes, generalization as extension and restriction
• Object oriented design
• Multiple inheritance, metadata
• HTML, DHTML, XML, scripting, java, servlets, applets

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• Software development models, requirement analysis and specifications, software design, programming techniques and tools, software validation and quality assurance techniques, software maintenance and advanced concepts, software management

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Memory management, support for concurrent process, scheduling, system deadlock, multiprogramming system, I/O management, distributed operating systems, study of Unix and Windows NT

Computer science and application-paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Automated reasoning with propositional logic and predicate logic-fundamental proof procedure, refutation, resolution, refinements to resolution (ordering/ pruning/ restriction strategies)
• State space representation of problems, bounding functions, breadth first, depth first, A, A*, AO*, etc performance comparison of various search techniques
• Frames, scripts, semantic nets, production systems, procedural representations, prolog programming
• Components of an expert system, knowledge representation and acquisition techniques, building expert system and shell
• RTNs, ATNs, parsing of ambiguous CFGs
• Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAGs)
• Systems approach to planning, designing, development, implementation, and evaluation of MIS
• Decision-making processes, evaluation of DSS, group decision support system and case studies, adaptive design approach to DSS development, cognitive style in DSS, integrating expert and decision support systems

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 01

• Formal language, need for formal computational models, non-computational problems, diagonal argument and Russell's paradox
• Deterministic finite automaton (DFA), non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA), regular languages and regular sets, equivalence of DFA and NFA
• Minimizing the number of states of a dfa
• Non-regular languages, and pumping lemma
• Pushdown automaton (PDA), deterministic pushdown automaton (DPDA), non-equivalence of PDA and DPDA

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 02

• Greibach normal form (GNF) and Chomsky normal form (CNF), ambiguity, Parse tree representation of derivations
• Equivalence of PDA and CFG
• Parsing techniques for parsing of general CFGs-early’s, Cook-Kassami-Younger (CKY), and Tomita’s parsing

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 03

• Power of lba
• Closure properties

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 04

• One tape, multitape
• The notions of time and space complexity in terms of tm
• Construction of tm for simple problems
• Computational complexity

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 05

• Recursive and recursively-enumerable languages

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 01

• Discrete memoryless channel, binary symmetric channel (BSC), burst channel, bit-error rates
• Probability, entropy and Shannon's measure of information
• Mutual information
• Channel capacity theorem
• Rate and optimality of information transmission

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 02

• Prefix codes, Huffman codes, Lempel-Ziev (LZ) codes
• Optimality of these codes
• Information content of these codes

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 03

• Finite fields, hamming distance, bounds of codes, linear (parity check) codes, parity check matrix, generator matrix, decoding of linear codes, hamming codes

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 04

• Image registration, spatial Fourier transforms, discrete spatial (2-dimensional) Fourier transforms, restoration, Lossy compression of images (pictures)

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 05

• Representation and compression of text, sound, picture, and video files (based on the JPEG and MPEG standards)

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 01

• LPP in canonical form conversion of LPP in standard form to LPP in canonical form
• Simplex-prevention of cyclic computations in simplex and Tableau, Big-M method, dual simplex and revised simplex
• Complexity of simplex algorithm(s)
• Exponential behaviour of simplex
• Ellipsoid method and Karmakar's method for solving LPPs
• Solving simple LPPs through these methods
• Comparison of complexity of these methods

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 02

• Simple algorithms like Hungarian method, etc

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 03

• Dijkstra's and Moore's method. Complexity

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 04

• Formulation, Max-Flow Min-Cut theorem
• Ford and Fulkerson algorithm
• Exponential behaviour of Ford and Fulkerson algorithm
• Malhotra-Pramodkumar-Maheshwari (MPM) polynomial algorithm for solving network flow problem
• Bipartite graphs and matchings; solving matching problems using network flow problems

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 05

• Definition
• Graphic and cographic matroids
• Matroid intersection problem

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 06

• Kuhn-tucker conditions
• Convex functions and convex regions
• Convex programming problems
• Algorithms for solving convex programming problems-rate of convergence of iterative methods for solving these problems

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-IV): Unit 01

• Perception model, linear separability and XOR problem
• Two and three layered neural nets, back propagation-convergence, hopfield nets, neural net learning, applications

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-IV): Unit 02

• Definition of a fuzzy set, fuzzy relations, fuzzy functions, fuzzy measures, fuzzy reasoning, applications of fuzzy systems

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-V): Unit 01

• Operating system, structure of unix operating system, Unix commands, interfacing with Unix, editors and compilers for Unix, LEX and YACC, File system, system calls, filters, shell programming

Computer science and application-paper-III B (elective-V): Unit 02

• Windows environment, Unicode, documents and views, drawing in a window, message handling, scrolling and splitting views, docking toolbars, and status bars, common dialogs and controls, MDI, multithreading, OLE, activeX controls, ATL, database access
• Network programming

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 01

• Axiomatic approach, demand functions, consumer behavior under conditions of uncertainty, theory of production, collusive and non-collusive oligopolies, different models of objectives of the firm-Baumol, Morris, and Williamson, factor pricing
• General equilibrium and welfare economics

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 02

• Concepts of investment multiplier; consumption hypotheses, theories of investment and accelerator, theories of demand for money-Keynesian and post-Keynesian, different approaches to money supply; money supply; components and determinants; money multiplier
• Output-price determination (aggregate supply and aggregate demand curve analysis), Fleming-Mundell open economy model

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 03

• Theories of growth and development-models of growth of Joan Robinson and Kaldor; technical progress-Hicks, Harrod and learning by doing, production function approach to the determinants of growth: Endogenous growth-role of education
• production function approach to the determinants of growth: Endogenous growth-research and knowledge-explanation of cross country differentials in economic development and growth
• Theories of development-classical, Marx, Schumpeter, and structural analysis of development-imperfect market paradigm, Lewis model of development, Ranis-Fei model, dependency theory of development, factors in economy development-natural resources
• Factors in economy development-population, capital, human resource development and infrastructure, trade and development-trade as engine of growth, two-gap analysis, Prebisch, Singer and Myrdal views; gains from trade and LDCs

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 04

• Theories of public expenditure-effects on savings, investment, and growth, burden of public debt, union finance-trends in revenue and expenditure of the government of India, state finance-trends in revenue and expenditure of the state governments
• Public debt-India’s Public debt since 1951, growth composition, ownership pattern and debt management, union-state financial relations-horizontal and vertical imbalances; the finance commissions, fiscal policy and fiscal reforms in India

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 05

• Regional blocs-multilateralism and world trading system, the political economy of imposition of non-tariff barriers, international trade under conditions of imperfect competition in goods market, theory of international reserves
• Optimum currency areas-theory and impact in the developed and developing countries, WTO and its impact on the different sectors of the economy

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 06

• Role, constituents, and functions of money and capital markets, RBI-recent monetary and credit policies, commercial banks and co-operatives banks, specialized financial and investment institutions, non-bank financial institutions and regional rural banks

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 07

• Pattern of industrialization-public and private; large and small industries, theories of industrial location-Indian experience, industrial productivity-measurement, partial and total trends, industrial finance in India
• Industrial labour-problems, policies, and reforms in India, economic reforms and industrial growth

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 08

• Interrelation between population, development and environment, sustainable development, Malthusian theory of population, optimum theory of population, theory of demographic transition, population as ‘limits to growth’ and as ‘ultimate source’
• Concepts of demography-vital rates, life tables, composition and uses, measurement of fertility-total fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rate-age pyramids, population projection-stable, stationary and quasi-stationary population
• Characteristics of Indian population through recent census, poverty in India-absolute and relative; analysis of poverty in India, Environment as necessity-amenity and public goods; causes of environmental and ecosystem degeneration
• Policies for controlling pollution, economic and persuasive; their relative effectiveness in LDCs; relation between population, poverty and environmental degradation-microplanning for environment and eco-preservation, watersheds
• Joint forest management and self-helps groups, role of state in environmental preservation-review of environmental legislation in India

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 09

• Share of agriculture, interrelationship between agriculture and industry, institutional aspects-land reforms, green revolution, technologies aspects-agricultural inputs and shifts in production function, capital formation in the rural sector-savings
• Capital formation in the rural sector-assets, and credits, strategies for rural development, regional disparities in Indian agriculture, cooperative movement in India-organization, structure, and development of different types of cooperatives in India

Economics-paper-III A (core): Unit 10

• Production and pricing under different market conditions, input-output analysis and linear programming, application of correlation and regression, testing of hypothesis in regression analysis

Economics-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 01

• Assumption and properties of OLS, multiple regression model-estimation and interpretation, multicollinearity-autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, causes, detection, consequences and remedy, dummy variables, distributed lags-need
• Distributed lags-limitations, and interpretation, application in economics

Economics-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 02

• Structural and reduced forms, endogenous and exogenous variables, identification problems and conditions, single equation methods of estimation-TSLS, indirect least squares and least variance ratio

Economics-paper-III B (elective-I): Unit 03

• ARMA, ARIMA, econometric properties of time series, unit root, integrated series, random walk, and white noise

Economics-paper-III B (elective-II): Unit 01

• Theory of pricing-monopoly, monopolistic competition, duopoly, and oligopoly, theory of games-two-person, zero-sum game, pure and mixed strategy, saddle point solution, linear programming and input-output analysis
• Static and dynamic multiplier and accelerator, Samuelson-Hicks trade cycle model
• Growth models-Harrod and Domar, neoclassical models-Solow, Meade, Kaldor’s model with technological progress, endogenous growth models
• Employment and output determination with fixed and flexible prices (IS-LM, aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis)

Economics-paper-III B (elective-III): Unit 01

• World trading system-evolution and distortions, globalization-developments in exchanges markets, euro-currency markets, and international bond markets, international debt crisis, theory of foreign exchange markets-exchange trading
• Theory of foreign exchange markets-arbitrage, and market hedging

Economics-paper-III B (elective-IV): Unit 01

• Development of distributive institutions-costs and price policies, agricultural marketing and credit, trends in migration and labour markets. Minimum wages act, WTO and sustainable agricultural development, reforms in Indian agriculture