UPSC IAS Exam 2025 - Prelims Answer key, Result, Cutoff, Question papers

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 01

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 02

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 03

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 04

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 05

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc

General studies-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc

Indian languages: Unit 01

Indian languages: Unit 02

Indian languages: Unit 03

Indian languages: Unit 04

Indian languages: Unit 05

General Studies-I: Unit 01

• Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of art forms, literature, and architecture from ancient to modern times
• Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-significant events, personalities, issues
• The freedom struggle-its various stages and important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country
• Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country
• History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization
• Political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, etc-their forms and effect on the society
• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India
• Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty, and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems, and their remedies
• Effects of globalization on indian society
• Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism, and secularism
• Salient features of world’s physical geography
• Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including south Asia and the Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
• Important geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic activity, cyclone etc
• Geographical features and their location changes in critical geographical features (including water bodies and icecaps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes

General Studies-II: Unit 01

• Indian constitution-historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
• Functions and responsibilities of the union and the states, issues, and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein
• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions
• Comparison of the indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
• Parliament and state legislatures-structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers, and privileges and issues arising out of these
• Structure, organization, and functioning of the executive and the judiciary ministries and departments of the government; pressure groups and formal/ informal associations and their role in the polity
• Salient features of the representation of people’s act
• Appointment to various constitutional posts, powers, functions, and responsibilities of various constitutional bodies
• Statutory, regulatory, and various quasi-judicial bodies
• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
• Development processes and the development industry-the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional, and other stakeholders
• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the centre and states and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions, and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections
• Issues relating to development and management of social sector/ services relating to health, education, human resources
• Issues relating to poverty and hunger
• Important aspects of governance, transparency, and accountability, e-governance-applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency and accountability and institutional, and other measures
• Role of civil services in a democracy
• India and its neighborhood-relations
• Bilateral, regional, and global groupings and agreements involving India and/ or affecting India’s interests
• Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora
• Important International institutions, agencies, and fora-their structure, mandate

General Studies-III: Unit 01

• Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment
• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it
• Government budgeting
• Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport, and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers
• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; public distribution system-objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; technology missions; economics of animal-rearing
• Food processing and related industries in India-scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management
• Land reforms in india
• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth
• Infrastructure: Energy, ports, roads, airports, railways, etc
• Investment models
• Science and technology-developments and their applications, and effects in everyday life
• Achievements of Indians in science and technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology
• Awareness in the fields of IT, space, computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and issues relating to intellectual property rights
• Conservation, environmental pollution, and degradation, environmental impact assessment
• Disaster and disaster management
• Linkages between development and spread of extremism
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention
• Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism
• Various security forces and agencies and their mandate

General Studies-IV: Unit 01

• Ethics and human Interface: Essence, determinants, and consequences of ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human values-lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders
• Ethics and human Interface: Human values-reformers and administrators; role of family, society, and educational institutions in inculcating values
• Attitude: Content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
• Aptitude and foundational values for civil service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance, and compassion towards the weaker sections
• Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance
• Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India, and world
• Public/ civil service values and ethics in public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance
• Public/ civil service values and ethics in public administration: Accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance
• Probity in governance: Concept of public service; philosophical basis of governance and probity; information sharing and transparency in government, right to information, codes of ethics, codes of conduct, citizen’s charters, work culture
• Probity in governance: Quality of service delivery, utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption
• Case studies on above issues

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution, and production
• Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments
• Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals, and humans
• Climate change-international conventions and global initiatives
• Greenhouse effect and global warming
• Advance tools for ecosystem analysis-remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS)

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Impact of high yielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns
• Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems
• Organic and Precision Farming
• Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibers, sugar, commercial and fodder crops

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Propagation of forest plants
• Forest products
• Agro-forestry and value addition
• Conservation of forest flora and fauna

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Processes and factors of soil formation
• Soils of India
• Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity
• Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants
• Principles of soil fertility, soil testing, and fertilizer recommendations, integrated nutrient management biofertilizers
• Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils
• Efficient Phosphorus and Potassium use
• Problem soils and their reclamation
• Soil factors affecting greenhouse gas emission

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Soil erosion and its management
• Dry land agriculture and its problems
• Technology for stabilizing agriculture production in rainfed areas

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways, and means of reducing runoff losses of irrigation water
• Rainwater harvesting
• Drip and sprinkler irrigation
• Drainage of waterlogged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution
• Irrigation projects in India

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Optimum resource use and budgeting
• Economics of different types of farming systems
• Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence
• Price fluctuations and their cost; role of cooperatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them
• Agricultural Price Policy
• Crop insurance

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes, socioeconomic survey and status of big, small, and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers; training programmes for extension workers
• Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in dissemination of agricultural technologies
• Non-government organization (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Synthesis, structure, and function of genetic material
• Laws of heredity
• Chromosome structure, Chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding
• Polyploidy, euploids, and aneuploids
• Mutation-their role in crop improvement
• Heritability, sterility, and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement
• Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced, and sex-limited characters

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Modes of reproduction, selfing, and crossing techniques
• Origin, evolution, and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources-conservation and utilization
• Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants
• Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement
• Pure-line selection, Pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding
• Heterosis and its exploitation
• Somatic hybridization
• Breeding for disease and pest resistance
• Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization
• Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement genetically modified crop plants

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Seed certification, seed testing, and storage
• DNA fingerprinting and Seed registration
• Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing
• Intellectual property rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues, and its impact on agriculture

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Soil-Water-Plant relationship

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Photosynthesis-modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C₃, C₄, and CAM mechanisms
• Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
• Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization
• Plant growth substances and their role in crop production
• Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy
• Stress physiology-draught, salt, and water stress

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Package practices of major horticultural crops
• Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture
• Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables
• Landscaping and commercial floriculture
• Medicinal and Aromatic plants
• Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Classification of pests and diseases and their management
• Integrated pest and Diseases management
• Storage pests and their management
• Biological control of pests and diseases
• Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases
• Plant quarantine measures
• Pesticides, their formulation, and modes of action

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Food security and growing population-vision 2020
• Reasons for grain surplus
• National and international food policies
• Production, procurement, distribution constraints
• Availability of food grains, per capita expenditure on food
• Trends in Poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization
• Processing constraints
• Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern
• Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger
• Nutrient deficiency-micronutrient deficiency: Protein energy malnutrition or protein calorie malnutrition (PEM or PCM), micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children
• Food grain productivity and Food security

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Partitioning of food energy within the animal: Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon-nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs, and poultry
• Partitioning of food energy within the animal: Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production
• Latest advances in protein nutrition: Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production
• Major and trace minerals: Their sources, physiological functions, and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in the body, their sources, and deficiency symptoms
• Feed additives: Methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics-latest concepts
• Conservation of fodders: Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology and feed processing. Antinutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control
• Conservation of fodders: Digestibility trials-direct, indirect, and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals
• Advances in ruminant nutrition: Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals, and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition
• Advances in ruminant nutrition: Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production
• Swine nutrition: Nutrition requirements. Creep, starter, grower, and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production
• Poultry nutrition: Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion
• Endocrine glands in health and disease
• Blood constituents: Properties and functions, blood cell formation, haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry, plasma proteins production, classification, and properties, coagulation of blood; haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants, blood groups, blood volume
• Blood constituents: Plasma expanders, buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis
• Circulation: Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heartbeat, electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function, metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart
• Circulation: Effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation
• Circulation: Blood-brain barrier cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds
• Respiration: Mechanism of respiration, transport and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration, chemoreceptors, hypoxia, respiration in birds
• Excretion: Structure and function of kidney, formation of urine, methods of studying renal function, renal regulation of acid-base balance: Physiological constituents of urine, renal failure-passive venous congestion, urinary secretion in chicken
• Excretion: Renal regulation of acid-base balance-sweat glands and their function. Biochemical test for urinary dysfunction
• Endocrine glands: Functional disorders, their symptoms, and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism, and control of secretion-hormonal receptors classification and function
• Growth and animal production: Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality
• Physiology of milk production, reproduction, and digestion: Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion, and milk ejection. Male and female reproductive organs, their components, and functions
• Reproduction, and digestion: Digestive organs and their functions
• Environmental physiology: Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology-various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology
• Environmental physiology: Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Semen quality: Preservation and artificial insemination, components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality
• Semen quality: Preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine, and poultry. Detection of estrus and time of insemination for better conception
• Semen quality: Anoestrus and repeat breeding

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Commercial dairy farming: Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm, capital, and land requirement
• Commercial dairy farming: Organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk production, pricing policy; personnel management
• Commercial dairy farming: Developing practical and economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of dairy farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers, and breeding animals
• Commercial dairy farming: New trends in feeding young and adult stock; feeding records
• Commercial meat, egg, and wool production: Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management
• Commercial meat, egg, and wool production: Capital and land requirements and socioeconomic concept
• Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood, and other natural calamities

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 05

• History of animal genetics
• Mitosis and meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; expression of genes; linkage and crossing over; sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; blood groups and polymorphism; chromosome aberrations
• Mitosis and meiosis: Cytoplasmic inheritance, gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; genetic code and protein synthesis; recombinant dna technology
• Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate, transgenesis
• Population genetics applied to animal breeding: Quantitative vs. qualitative traits; Hardy-Weinberg law; population vs. individual; gene and genotypic frequency; forces changing gene frequency; random drift and small populations
• Population genetics applied to animal breeding: Theory of path coefficient; inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; effective population size; breeding value, estimation of breeding value
• Population genetics applied to animal breeding: Dominance and epistatic deviation; partitioning of variation; genotype X environment correlation and genotype environment interaction; role of multiple measurements; resemblance between relatives
• Breeding systems: Breeds of livestock and poultry. Heritability, repeatability, and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; aids to selection and their relative merits; individual, pedigree
• Breeding systems: Family and within family selection; pregnancy testing; methods of selection; construction of selection indices and their uses; comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods
• Breeding systems: Indirect selection and correlated response; inbreeding, outbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding, and synthesis of breeds; crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; selection for general and specific combining ability
• Breeding systems: Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Basic philosophy, objectives, concept, and principles of extension
• Different methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions
• Generation of technology, its transfer, and feedback
• Problems and constraints in transfer of technology
• Animal husbandry programmes for rural development

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Histology and histological techniques: Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and HE staining-freezing microtomy, microscopy bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell organelles and inclusions
• Histology and histological techniques: Cell division-cell types, tissues and their classification, embryonic and adult tissues, comparative histology of organs-vascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory
• Histology and histological techniques: Musculoskeletal and urogenital systems-endocrine glands, integuments, sense organs
• Embryology: Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization, germ layers, foetal membranes and placentation, types of placenta in domestic mammals, teratology, twins and twinning, organogenesis
• Embryology: Germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal derivatives
• Bovine anatomy: Regional anatomy-paranasal sinuses of OX, surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibular alveolar, mental and cornual nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudendal nerve
• Bovine anatomy: Median, ulnar and radial nerves tibial, fibular and digital nerves-cranial nerves, structures involved in epidural anesthesia, superficial lymph nodes, surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic
• Bovine anatomy: Abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative, features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body
• Anatomy of fowl: Musculo-skeletal system, functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion, and egg production
• Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs: Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autacoids
• Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs: Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections
• Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs: Drug and economic concerns in the edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to 'insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins, and mycotoxins'
• Veterinary hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation: Assessment of pollution of water, air, and soil-importance of climate in animal health
• Veterinary hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation: Effect of environment on animal function and performance relationship between industrialization, and animal agriculture
• Veterinary hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation: Animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. Pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds-stress
• Veterinary hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation: Broiler birds-strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-mortem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs, and poultry
• Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig, and poultry
• Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds
• Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, bloat, diarrhoea, indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning
• Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders
• Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-hard immunity, disease free zones, ‘zero’ disease concept, chemoprophylaxis
• Anesthesia: Local, regional, and general-preanesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomasal displacement-caesarian operations. Rumenotomy-castrations
• Disease investigation techniques: Materials for laboratory investigation-establishment. Animal health centers disease free zone

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Zoonoses: Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases
• Epidemiology: Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water, and food borne infections. OIE regulation, WTO
• Epidemiology: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
• Veterinary jurisprudence: Rules and regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases, state and central rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases, SPCA, veterolegal cases, certificates
• Veterinary jurisprudence: Materials and methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Market milk: Quality, testing, and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution, marketing defects, and their control. Preparation of the following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized
• Market milk: Reconstituted, recombined, and flavored milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, dahi, lassi, and shrikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards
• Market milk: Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment
• Milk products technology: Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as cream, butter, ghee, khoa, channa, cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, ice-cream and kulfi; by-products
• Milk products technology: Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as whey products, buttermilk, lactose, and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products-BIS and agmark specifications
• Milk products technology: Judging milk products-legal standards, quality control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and operational control. Costing of dairy products

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Meat hygiene: Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; meat inspection procedures and judgment of carcass meat cuts-grading of carcass meat cuts
• Meat hygiene: Duties and functions of veterinarians in wholesome meat production. Hygienic methods of handling production of meat: Spoilage of meat and control measures, post-slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them
• Meat hygiene: Hygienic methods of handling production of meat-quality improvement methods, adulteration of meat and detection, regulatory provisions in meat trade and industry
• Meat technology: Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions, methods of preservation of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing, and formulations
• Meat technology: By-products-slaughter house by-products and their utilization, edible and inedible by products, social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughterhouse by-products-argan products for food and pharmaceuticals
• Meat technology: Poultry products technology-chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre-slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards
• Meat technology: Poultry products technology-structure composition and nutritive value of eggs microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs, and products
• Meat technology: Rabbit/ fur animal farming-Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool, and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Relationships with other disciplines: Social sciences, behavioural sciences, life sciences, medical sciences, earth sciences, and humanities
• Main branches of anthropology, their scope, and relevance: (a) Social-cultural anthropology. (b) Biological anthropology. (c) Archaeological anthropology. (d) Linguistic anthropology
• Human evolution and emergence of man: (a) Biological and cultural factors in human evolution. (b) Theories of organic evolution (pre-Darwinian, Darwinian, and post-Darwinian)
• Human evolution and emergence of man: (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution)
• Characteristics of primates; evolutionary trend and primate taxonomy; primate adaptations; (arboreal and terrestrial) primate taxonomy; primate behaviour; tertiary and quaternary fossil primates; living major primates; comparative anatomy of man and apes
• Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics, and geographical distribution of the following: (a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa-Australopithecines. (b) Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe-homo erectus (Heidelbergensis)
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics, and geographical distribution of the following: (b) Asia (homo erectus Javanicus, homo erectus Pekinensis. (c) Neanderthal man: La-Chapelle-Aux-saints (classical type), MT. Carmel (progressive type). (d) Rhodesian man
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics, and geographical distribution of the following: (e) Homo sapiens: Cro-Magnon, Grimaldi, and Chancelade
• The biological basis of life: the cell, DNA structure and Replication, Protein synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell division
• Principles of prehistoric archaeology
• Chronology: relative and absolute dating methods
• Cultural evolution-broad outlines of prehistoric cultures: (i) Paleolithic, (ii) Mesolithic, (iii) Neolithic, (iv) Chalcolithic, (v) Copper-bronze age, (vi) Iron age

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 02

• The concept and characteristics of culture and civilization; ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural relativism
• The nature of society: Concept of society; society and culture; social institution; social groups; and social stratification
• Marriage: Definition and universality; laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage
• Marriage: Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry)
• Family: Definition and universality; family, household and domestic groups; functions of family; types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); impact of urbanization
• Family: Industrialization and feminist movements on family
• Kinship: Consanguinity and affinity; principles and types of descent (unilineal, double, bilateral ambilineal); forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory)
• Kinship: Filiation and complementary filiation; descent and alliance

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Meaning, scope, and relevance of economic anthropology; formalist and substantivist debate; principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing
• Swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law, and justice in simple societies

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals
• Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism, and totemism); religion, magic, and science distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer, and witch)

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan, and Frazer), historical particularism (Boas) diffusionism (British, German, and American), functionalism (Malinowski); structural-functionalism (Radcliffe-Brown), structuralism (Levi-Strauss and E. Leach)
• Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-Dubois), neoevolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins, and service), cultural materialism (Harris), symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider, and Geertz)
• Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin), postmodernism in anthropology

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Nature, origin, and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context of language use

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Fieldwork tradition in anthropology, distinction between technique, method, and methodology
• Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, Case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods
• Analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Methods and application: Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyotype analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods
• Methods and application: DNA technology and recombinant technologies
• Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sublethal, and polygenic inheritance in man
• Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift
• Consanguineous and non consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages
• Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology: (a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders). (b) Sex chromosomal aberration-Klinefelter (XXY), turner (XO), super female (XXX), intersex, and other syndromic disorders
• Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology: (c) Autosomal aberrations-down syndrome, Patau, Edward, and Cri-du-chat syndromes, (d) genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling
• Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology: (d) Gene mapping and genome study
• Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters
• Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation, and race crossing in man
• Age, sex, and population variation as genetic marker: ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, GM, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate
• Age, sex, and population variation as genetic marker: Physiological characteristics-respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socioeconomic groups
• Concepts and methods of ecological anthropology: Biocultural adaptations-genetic and non-genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: Hot desert, cold, high altitude climate
• Epidemiological anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency related diseases

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 10

• Stages of growth-prenatal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence
• Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural, and socioeconomic
• Ageing and senescence
• Theories and observations, biological and chronological longevity
• Human physique and somatotypes
• Methodologies for growth studies

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 11

• Fertility patterns and differentials
• Demographic theories-biological, social, and cultural
• Biological and socioecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality, and mortality

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 12

• Anthropology of sports, nutritional anthropology, anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, forensic anthropology, methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, applied human genetics-paternity diagnosis
• Genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Prehistoric (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), protohistoric (Indus civilization)
• Pre-Harappan, Harappan, and post-Harappan cultures
• Contributions of the tribal cultures to indian civilization
• Palaeo: Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus, and Narmada man)
• Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethnoarchaeology; survivals and parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Ethnic and linguistic elements in the indian population and their distribution
• Indian population-factors influencing its structure and growth

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Varnashrama, Purushartha, Karma, Rina, and rebirth
• Caste system in India: Structure and characteristics, Varna and caste, theories of origin of caste system, dominant caste, caste mobility, future of caste system, jajmani system. Tribe-caste continuum
• Sacred complex and nature-man-spirit complex
• Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity of Indian society

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Contributions of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th century scholar-administrators
• Contributions of indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; agrarian relations in Indian villages; impact of globalization on Indian villages
• Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political, and economic status
• Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, westernization, modernization; inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati raj and social change; media and social change

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Biogenetic variability, linguistic, and socioeconomic characteristics of the tribal populations, and their distribution
• Problems of the tribal communities: Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, under-employment, health, and nutrition
• Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation
• Development of forest policy and tribals
• Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal populations

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Constitutional safeguards for scheduled tribes and scheduled castes
• Social change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections
• The concept of ethnicity; ethnic conflicts and political developments; unrest among tribal communities; regionalism and demand for autonomy; pseudo tribalism
• Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-independent india

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Tribe and nation state-a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 09

• The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes for their development
• Role of NGOS in tribal development
• Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development
• Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism, and ethnic and political movements

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Structure and reproduction/ multiplication of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma; applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine, and in control of soil and water pollution; prion and prion hypothesis
• Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, and nematodes; modes of infection and dissemination; molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/ defence; physiology of parasitism and control measures
• Fungal toxins
• Modeling and disease forecasting; plant quarantine

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutionary viewpoint; distribution of cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Gymnosperms: Concept of progymnosperms. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms. Salient features of cycadales, ginkgoales, coniferales, and gnetales, their structure and reproduction. General account of cycadofilicales
• Gymnosperms: Bennettitales and cordaitales; geological time scale; type of fossils and their study techniques
• Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology, and phylogency. Taxonomic hierarchy; international code of botanical nomenclature; numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy; evidence from anatomy, embryology, and palynology
• Angiosperms: Origin and evolution of angiosperms; comparative account of various systems of classification of angiosperms; study of angiospermic families-magnoliaceae, ranunculaceae, brassicaceae, rosaceae, fabaceae, euphorbiaceae, malvaceae
• Angiosperms: Study of angiospermic families-dipterocarpaceae, apiaceae, asclepiadaceae, verbenaceae, solanaceae, rubiaceae, cucurbitaceae, asteraceae, poaceae, arecaceae, liliaceae, musaceae, and orchidaceae
• Angiosperms: Stomata and their types; glandular and non-glandular trichomes; unusual secondary growth; anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; xylem and phloem differentiation; wood anatomy. Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization
• Angiosperms: Endosperm-its development and function. Patterns of embryo development; polyembryony, apomixis; applications of palynology; experimental embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Domestication and introduction of plants; origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centers of origin
• Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibers, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products; perfumery; importance of ethnobotany in Indian context
• Energy plantations, botanical gardens, and herbaria

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Totipotency, polarity, symmetry, and differentiation; cell, tissue, organ, and protoplast culture
• Somatic hybrids and cybrids; micropropagation; somaclonal variation and its applications; pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Techniques of cell biology
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells-structural and ultrastructural details; structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport
• Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes; cytoskeleton and microtubules; nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; chromatin and nucleosome
• Cell signaling and cell receptors; signal transduction mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle
• Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance; chromatin organization and packaging of genome; polygene chromosomes; B-chromosomes-structure, behavior, and significance

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (pseudoalleles); quantitative genetics and multiple factors; incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles
• Linkage and crossing over of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping, function); sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance; sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation; mutations (biochemical and molecular basis)
• Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility)
• Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; genetic code and regulation of gene expression; gene silencing; multigene families; organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories
• Role of rna in origin and evolution

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Methods of plant breeding-introduction, selection, and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method); mutation, polyploidy, male sterility, and heterosis breeding
• Use of apomixis in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; genetic engineering-methods of transfer of genes; transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; tools and techniques-probe, southern blotting
• Tools and techniques-DNA fingerprinting, PCR, and FISH
• Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV)
• Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test, and chi-square tests)
• Probability and distributions (normal, binomial, and Poisson)
• Correlation and regression

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies
• Photosynthesis-photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways; C₃, C₄, and CAM pathways; mechanism of phloem transport
• Respiration (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)-electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation; photorespiration; chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis; lipid metabolism; nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism
• Enzymes, coenzymes; energy transfer and energy conservation
• Importance of secondary metabolites
• Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome)
• Plant movements; photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence; growth substances-their chemical nature, role, and applications in agri-horticulture; growth indices, growth movements
• Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); fruit and seed physiology
• Dormancy, storage, and germination of seed
• Fruit ripening-its molecular basis and manipulation

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Concept of ecosystem; ecological factors
• Concepts and dynamics of community; plant succession
• Concepts of biosphere; ecosystems; conservation; pollution and its control (including phytoremediation); plant indicators; environment (protection) act
• Forest types of India-ecological and economic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation and social forestry; endangered plants, endemism IUCN categories, red data books; biodiversity and its conservation; protected area network
• Convention of biological diversity, farmers rights; and intellectual property rights; concept of sustainable development; biogeochemical cycles
• Global warming and climatic change; invasive species; environmental impact assessment; phytogeographical regions of India

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Schrödinger wave equation (time independent); interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; shapes of s, p, and d orbitals

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy
• Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding H₂+, H₂, He₂ + to Ne₂, NO, CO, HF, CN-, comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength, and bond length

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Crystal systems; designation of crystal faces, lattice structures, and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF₂
• Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semiconductors

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases; Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion
• Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Kelvin equation; surface tension and surface energy, wetting, and contact angle, interfacial tension and capillary action

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Work, heat, and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics
• Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes, entropy-reversibility, and irreversibility, free energy functions; thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell relations
• Temperature, volume, and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp, and Cv, ®® and ®; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem
• Introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibrium in binary systems, partially miscible liquids-upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance, and determination
• Excess thermodynamic functions and their determination

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting law for various equilibrium and transport properties
• Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of EMF of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries
• Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; over potential; electroanalytical techniques: Amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their use

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second, and fractional order reactions; rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive, and chain reactions; branching chain and explosions
• Effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant
• Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods
• Collisions and transition state theories

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 10

• Photochemistry: Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens, and their quantum yields

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 11

• Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents; Langmuir and BET adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 12

• Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes, and ferredoxins

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 13

• Bonding in transition of metal complexes
• Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes
• Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; Chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories
• kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes
• EAN rule, synthesis structure, and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds
• Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure, and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes, and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions
• Fluxional molecules and their characterization; compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 14

• Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes, and cyclic phosphazene, silicates, and silicones, Interhalogen compounds; sulphur-nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 15

• Lanthanides and actinides: Separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Aromaticity, antiaromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 02

• General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanisms or organic reactions: Isotopies, method cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions
• Reactive intermediates: Generation, geometry, stability, and reactions of carbonium ions and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes, and nitrenes
• Substitution reactions: SN1, SN2, and SNi, mechanisms; neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic compounds-pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and indole
• Elimination reactions: E1, E2, and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions-Saytzeff and Hofmann; pyrolytic syn elimination-acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminations
• Addition reactions: Electrophilic addition to C=C and C≡C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C®N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls
• Reactions and rearrangements: (a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements. (b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting
• Reactions and rearrangements: (b) Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer
• Reactions and rearrangements: (b) Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules-electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3, and 1, 5], FMO approach

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Organic polymers polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber
• Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA, and RNA

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 05

• OsO₄, HlO₄, CrO₃, Pb (OAc) ₄, SeO₂, NBS, B₂H₆, Na-liquid NH₃, LiAIH₄, NaBH₄, nBuLi, MCPBA

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Principle and applications in structure elucidation: (i) Rotational-diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants, (ii) Vibrational-diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules
• Principle and applications in structure elucidation: (ii) Vibrational-specific frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules. (iii) Electronic-singlet and triplet states. n®®®and ®®®®transitions
• Principle and applications in structure elucidation: (iii) Electronic-application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; charge transfer spectra. (iv) Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR): Basic principle
• Principle and applications in structure elucidation: (iv) Nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR): Chemical shift and spin-spin interaction and coupling constants. (v) Mass spectrometry: Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Engineering mechanics: Units and dimensions, SI units, vectors, concept of force, concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, non-concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium
• Engineering mechanics: Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system. First and second moment of area, mass moment of inertia. Static friction. Kinematics and kinetics: kinematics in Cartesian coordinates
• Engineering mechanics: Kinematics and kinetics-motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle: Momentum and energy principles, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies
• Strength of materials: Simple stress and strain, elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, shear force, and bending moment, theory of simple bending, shear stress distribution across cross sections, beams of uniform strength
• Strength of materials: Deflection of beams-Macaulay's method, Mohr’s moment area method, conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of shafts, elastic stability of columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s, and Secant formula
• Structural analysis: Castigliano’s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution
• Structural analysis: Rolling loads and influences lines-influences lines for shear force and bending moment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads
• Structural analysis: Rolling loads and influences lines-influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses. Arches: Three hinged, two hinged, and fixed arches, rib shortening, and temperature effects
• Structural analysis: Matrix methods of analysis-force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Plastic analysis of beams and frames: Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, mechanism method
• Structural analysis: Unsymmetrical bending-moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of neutral axis and principal axes, calculation of bending stresses

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Structural steel design: Structural steel-factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted, and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders
• Structural steel design: Stanchions with battens and lacings
• Design of concrete and masonry structures: Concept of mix design. Reinforced concrete: Working stress and limit state method of design-recommendations of IS codes. Design of one way and two way slabs, staircase slabs
• Design of concrete and masonry structures: Simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity. Cantilever and counterfort type retaining walls
• Design of concrete and masonry structures: Water tanks-design requirements for rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground. Prestressed concrete: Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages
• Design of concrete and masonry structures: Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of brick masonry as per is codes

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Fluid mechanics: Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curve surfaces. Kinematics and dynamics of fluid flow: Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity
• Fluid mechanics: Irrigational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions. Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler’s equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs
• Dimensional analysis and similitude: Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters
• Laminar flow: Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube
• Boundary layer: Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sublayer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift. Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow
• Boundary layer: Turbulent flow through pipes-velocity distribution and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line
• Open channel flow: Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy, and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section
• Open channel flow: Step method of integration of varied flow equation
• Hydraulic machines and hydropower: Hydraulic turbines, types classification, choice of turbines performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed. Principles of hydropower development

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Soil type and structure-gradation and particle size distribution, consistency limits
• Water in soil-capillary and structural, effective stress and pore water pressure, permeability concept, field and laboratory determination of permeability, seepage pressure, quick sand conditions, shear strength determination, Mohr coulomb concept
• Compaction of soil-laboratory and field test
• Compressibility and consolidation concept-consolidation theory, consolidation settlement analysis
• Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, application for sheet piles and braced excavation
• Bearing capacity of soil-approaches for analysis, field tests, settlement analysis, stability of slope of earth walk
• Subsurface exploration of soils-methods, foundation, type and selection criteria for foundation of structures, design criteria for foundation, analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile, pile group action, pile load test
• Ground improvement techniques

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Construction technology: Engineering materials-physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction-stones, bricks, and tiles; lime, cement, different types of mortars and concrete. Specific use of ferro cement
• Construction technology: Engineering materials-fiber reinforced CC, high strength concrete. Timber; properties defects-common preservation treatments. Use and selection of materials for specific use like low cost housing, mass housing, high rise buildings
• Construction: Masonry principles using brick, stone, blocks-construction detailing and strength characteristics. Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing, and construction features. Common repairs in buildings
• Construction: Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use-building code provisions. Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating-specification writing and rate analysis-principles of valuation of real property
• Construction: Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses-factors affecting selection of equipments, operating cost of equipments
• Construction planning and management: Construction activity-schedules, organization for construction industry, quality assurance principles. Use basic principle of network-analysis in form of CPM and PERT, their use in construction monitoring
• Construction planning and management: Cost optimization and resource allocation. Basic principles of economic analysis and methods. Project profitability-basic principles of boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation criterions

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Surveying: Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for CE work-their use in plane table, traverse survey, levelling work, triangulation, contouring and topographical map. Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing
• Railways engineering: Permanent way-components, types, and their functions, function and design constituents of turn and crossing, necessity of geometric design of track, design of station and yards
• Highway engineering: Principles of highway alignments-classification and geometrical design elements and standards for Roads. Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements-design principles and methodology of pavements
• Highway engineering: Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM, bituminous works and CC roads. Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads-culvert structures
• Highway engineering: Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays. Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning-typical design features for channelized, intersection rotary, etc-signal designs, standard traffic signs, and markings

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Hydrology: Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingum method
• Groundwater flow: Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions
• Water resources engineering: Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation
• Irrigation engineering: (i) Water requirements of crops-consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. (ii) Canals: Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses
• Irrigation engineering: (ii) Canals-alignment of main and distributary canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load. (iii) Water logging: Causes and control, salinity
• Irrigation engineering: (iv) Canal structures-design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets. (v) Diversion head work: Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla’s theory
• Irrigation engineering: (v) Energy dissipation. (vi) Storage works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis. (vii) Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation. (viii) River training: Objectives of river training

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Water supply: Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water
• Intake of water: Water treatment-principles of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour, and salinity
• Sewerage systems: Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewage-separate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers
• Sewage characterization: BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land
• Sewage treatment: Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water
• Solid waste: collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill effects
• Environmental pollution: Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts

Commerce and accountancy-paper-I (accounting and finance-accounting, taxation, and auditing): Unit 01

• Accounting as a financial information system; impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting standards example, accounting for depreciation, inventories, research and development costs, long-term construction contracts, revenue recognition, fixed assets
• Contingencies, foreign exchange transactions, investments, and government grants, cash flow statement, earnings per share
• Accounting for share capital transactions including bonus shares
• Right shares, employees stock option and buy-back of securities
• Preparation and presentation of company final accounts
• Amalgamations, absorption, and reconstruction of companies

Commerce and accountancy-paper-I (accounting and finance-accounting, taxation, and auditing): Unit 02

• Nature and functions of cost accounting
• Installation of cost accounting system
• Cost concepts related to income measurement, profit planning, cost control, and decision making.
• Methods of costing: job costing, process costing, activity based costing
• Volume-cost-profit relationship as a tool of profit planning
• Incremental analysis/ differential costing as a tool of pricing decisions, product decisions, make or buy decisions, shut-down decisions, etc
• Techniques of cost control and cost reduction: Budgeting as a tool of planning and control. Standard costing and variance analysis
• Responsibility accounting and divisional performance measurement

Commerce and accountancy-paper-I (accounting and finance-accounting, taxation, and auditing): Unit 03

• Income tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; incomes which do not form part of total income. Simple problems of computation of income (of individuals only) under various heads, that is salaries, income from house property
• Income tax: Profits and gains from business or profession, capital gains, income from other sources, income of other persons included in assessee’s total income
• Set-off and carry forward of loss
• Deductions from gross total income
• Salient features/ provisions related to VAT and services tax

Commerce and accountancy-paper-I (accounting and finance-accounting, taxation, and auditing): Unit 04

• Company audit-audit related to divisible profits, dividends, special investigations, tax audit
• Audit of banking, insurance, non-profit organization and charitable societies/ trusts/ organizations

Commerce and accountancy-paper-I (accounting and finance-financial management, financial institutions and markets): Unit 01

• Finance function: Nature, scope, and objectives of financial management: Risk and return relationship
• Tools of financial analysis: ratio analysis, funds-flow and cash-flow statement
• Capital budgeting decisions: Process, procedures, and appraisal methods. Risk and uncertainty analysis and methods
• Cost of capital: Concept, computation of specific costs and weighted average cost of capital. CAPM as a tool of determining cost of equity capital
• Financing decisions: Theories of capital structure-net income (NI) approach, net operating income (NOI) approach, MM approach, and traditional approach
• Designing of capital structure: Types of leverages (operating, financial and combined), EBIT-EPS analysis, and other factors.
• Dividend decisions and valuation of firm: Walter’s model, MM thesis, Gordon's model Lintner’s model. Factors affecting dividend policy
• Working capital management: Planning of working capital. Determinants of working capital. Components of working capital-cash, inventory, and receivables
• Corporate restructuring with focus on mergers and acquisitions (financial aspect only)

Commerce and accountancy-paper-I (accounting and finance-financial management, financial institutions and markets): Unit 02

• Indian financial system: An overview. Money markets: Participants, structure, and instruments. Commercial banks. Reforms in banking sector. Monetary and credit policy of RBI. RBI as a regulator
• Capital market: Primary and secondary market. Financial market instruments and innovative debt instruments; SEBI as a regulator
• Financial services: Mutual funds, venture capital, credit rating agencies, insurance and IRDA

Commerce and accountancy-paper-II (organization theory and behaviours, human resource management, and industrial relations-organisation theory and behaviour): Unit 01

• Nature and concept of organization; external environment of organization-technological, social, political, economical, and legal; organizational goals primary and secondary goals, single and multiple goals; management by objectives
• Evolution of organization theory: Classical neoclassical and system approach
• Modern concepts of organization theory: Organizational design, organizational structure and organizational culture
• Organizational design-basic challenges, differentiation and integration process; centralization and decentralization process; standardization/ formalization and mutual adjustment
• Coordinating formal and informal organizations
• Mechanistic and organic structures
• Designing organizational structures-authority and control; line and staff functions, specialization and coordination
• Types of organization structure-functional
• Matrix structure, project structure
• Nature and basis of power, sources of power, power structure, and politics
• Impact of information technology on organizational design and structure
• Managing organizational culture

Commerce and accountancy-paper-II (organization theory and behaviours, human resource management, and industrial relations-organisation theory and behaviour): Unit 02

• Meaning and concept; individual in organization: Personality, theories, and determinants; perception-meaning and process
• Motivation: Concepts, theories and applications
• Leadership-theories and styles
• Quality of work life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on performance, ways of its enhancement
• Quality circles (QC) meaning and their importance
• Management of conflicts in organizations
• Transactional analysis, organizational effectiveness, management of change

Commerce and accountancy-paper-II (organization theory and behaviours, human resource management, and industrial relations-human resources management and industrial relations): Unit 01

• Meaning, nature and scope of HRM, human resource planning, job analysis, job description, job specification, recruitment process, selection process, orientation and placement, training and development process
• Performance appraisal and 360° feedback, salary and wage administration, job evaluation, employee welfare, promotions, transfers and separations

Commerce and accountancy-paper-II (organization theory and behaviours, human resource management, and industrial relations-human resources management and industrial relations): Unit 02

• Meaning, nature, importance, and scope of IR, formation of trade union, trade union legislation, trade union movement in India
• Recognition of trade unions, problems of trade unions in India
• Impact of liberalization on trade union movement
• Nature of industrial disputes: Strikes and lockouts, causes of disputes, prevention and settlement of disputes
• Workers participation in management: Philosophy, rationale, present day status and future prospects. Adjudication and collective bargaining
• Industrial relations in public enterprises, absenteeism and labour turnover in Indian industries, and their causes, and remedies, ILO and its functions

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Marshallian and walrasiam approaches to price determination
• Alternative distribution theories; Ricardo, Kaldor, Kalecki
• Markets structure: Monopolistic competition, duopoly, oligopoly
• Modern welfare criteria: Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow’s impossibility theorem, A.K. Sen’s social welfare function

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Approaches to employment income and interest rate determination: Classical, Keynes (IS)-LM) curve, neoclassical synthesis and new classical, theories of interest rate determination and interest rate structure

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Demand for and supply of money: Money multiplier quantity theory of money (Fisher, Pique, and Friedman) and Keynes's theory on demand for money, goals, and instruments of monetary management in closed and open economies
• Demand for and supply of money: Relation between the central bank and the treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money
• Public finance and its role in market economy: In stabilization of supply, allocative, of resources, and in distribution and development. Sources of government revenue, forms of taxes and subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans
• Public finance and its role in market economy: Crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Public expenditure and its effects

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Old and new theories of international trade: (i) Comparative advantage, (ii) terms of trade and offer curve, (iii) product cycle and strategic trade theories, (iv) trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy
• Forms of protection: tariff and quota
• Balance of payments adjustment: Alternative approaches-(i) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates, (ii) theories of policy mix, (iii) exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility
• Balance of payments adjustment: Alternative approaches-(iv) floating rates and their implications for developing countries: Currency boards, (v) trade policy and developing countries
• Balance of payments adjustment: Alternative approaches-(vi) BOP, adjustments and policy coordination in open economy macromodel. (vii) Speculative attacks. (viii) Trade blocs and monetary unions. (ix) WTO: Trims, trips, domestic measures
• Balance of payments adjustment: Alternative approaches-(ix) WTO: Different rounds of WTO talks

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Theories of growth: Harrod’s model; Lewis model of development with surplus labour. Balanced unbalanced growth. Human capitals and economic growth. Research and development and economic growth
• Process of economic development of less developed countries: Myrdal and Kuznets on economic development and structural change-role of agriculture in economic development of less developed countries
• Economic development and international trade and investment, role of multinationals
• Planning and economic development: changing role of markets and planning, private-public partnership
• Welfare indicators and measures of growth: Human development indices. The basic needs approach
• Development and environmental sustainability-renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental degradation, intergenerational equity development

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Land system and its changes, commercialization of agriculture drain theory, laissez faire theory and critique
• Manufacture and transport: Jute, cotton, railways, money, and credit

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 02

• The pre-liberalization era: (i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao. (ii) Agriculture: Land reforms and land tenure system, green revolution, and capital formation in agriculture. (iii) Industry trends in composition and growth
• The pre-liberalization era: (iii) Role of public and private sector, small scale and cottage industries. (iv) National and per capita income: Patterns, trends, aggregate, and sectoral composition and changes therein
• The pre-liberalization era: (v) Broad factors determining national income and distribution, measures of poverty, trends in poverty, and inequality
• The post-liberalization era: (i) New economic reform and agriculture-agriculture and WTO, food processing, subsidies, agricultural prices and public distribution system, impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth
• The post-liberalization era: (ii) New economic policy and industry-strategy of industrialization, privatization, disinvestments, role of foreign direct investment and multinationals
• The post-liberalization era: (iii) New economic policy and trade-intellectual property rights: Implications of trips, trims, gats, and new EXIM policy. (iv) New exchange rate regime: Partial and full convertibility, capital account convertibility
• The post-liberalization era: (v) New economic policy and public finance-fiscal responsibility act, twelfth finance commission and fiscal federalism and fiscal consolidation. (vi) New economic policy and monetary system. Role of RBI under the new regime
• The post-liberalization era: (vii) Planning-from central planning to indicative planning, relation between planning and markets for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments
• The post-liberalization era: (viii) New economic policy and employment: Employment and poverty, rural wages, employment generation, poverty alleviation schemes, new rural, employment guarantee scheme

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods: Nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC, and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits
• Coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits
• Two-port networks

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Representation of continuous-time and discrete, time signals, and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/ difference equations
• Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, transfer function
• Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media
• Boundary conditions, reflection, and refraction of plane waves
• Transmission lines: Travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of diode, BJT, JFET, and MOSFET
• Diode circuits: Clipping, clamping, rectifier
• Biasing and bias stability
• Fet amplifiers
• Current mirror; amplifiers: Single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback, and power
• Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers
• Op Amp circuits
• Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: Criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OP AMP configurations
• Function generators and wave-shaping circuits
• Linear and switching power supplies

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS)
• Combinational circuits: Arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, and decoders
• Sequential circuits: Latches and flip-flops, counters, and shift registers
• Comparators, timers, multivibrators
• Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, and DACs
• Semiconductor memories
• Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA)

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and EMF in rotating machines
• DC machines: Characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors
• Transformers: Principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers
• 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines: Characteristics and performance analysis; speed control

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Semiconductor power devices: Diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics, and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters: Fully-controlled and half-controlled
• Principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of DC and AC motor drives applications of variable-speed drives

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Random variables: Continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions
• Statistical averages; probability models; random signals and noise: White noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio
• Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation-DSB, DSB-SC, and SSB
• Modulators and demodulators; phase and frequency modulation: PM and FM signals; narrows band FM; generation and detection of FM and PM, de-emphasis, preemphasis
• CW modulation system: Super heterodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop and closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feedback
• Control system components
• LTI systems: Time-domain and transform-domain analysis
• Stability: Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; design of lead-lad compensators
• Proportional, PI, PID controllers
• State-variable representation and analysis of control systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• PC organization; CPU, instruction set, register set timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/ O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements
• Signal conditioning circuit; electronic measuring instruments: Multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter
• Transducers: Thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezoelectric crystal

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction
• Economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults
• Concepts of system stability: Swing curves and equal area criterion
• Static var system
• Basic concepts of hvdc transmission

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Principles of over current, differential, and distance protection
• Concept of solid state relays
• Circuit breakers
• Computer aided protection: Introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), digital modulation and demodulation schemes: Amplitude, phase, and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK)
• Error control coding: Error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes
• Information measure and source coding
• Data networks, 7-layer architecture

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-physical geography): Unit 01

• Process of landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; fundamentals of geomagnetism; interior of the earth’s; geosynclines; continental drift; isostasy; plate tectonics
• Recent views on mountain building; vulcanicity; earthquakes and tsunamis; concepts of geomorphic cycles and landscape development; denudation chronology; channel morphology; erosion surfaces; slope development
• Applied geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology, and environment

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-physical geography): Unit 02

• Temperature and pressure belts of the world; heat budget of the earth; atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability
• Planetary and local winds; monsoons and jet streams; air masses and frontogenesis, temperate and tropical cyclones; types and distribution of precipitation; weather and climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates
• Hydrological cycle; global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, applied climatology and urban climate

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-physical geography): Unit 03

• Bottom relief of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans; temperature and salinity of the oceans; heat and salt budgets, ocean deposits; waves, currents and tides; marine resources: Biotic, mineral and energy resources; coral reefs and tools
• Marine resources: Coral bleaching; sea-level changes; law of the sea and marine pollution

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-physical geography): Unit 04

• Genesis of soils; classification and distribution of major soils; soil profile; soil erosion, degradation and conservation; factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; problems of deforestation and conservation measures
• Social forestry; agroforestry; wild life; major gene pool centers

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-physical geography): Unit 05

• Principle and concept of ecology; human ecological adaptations; influence of man on ecology and environment; global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; ecosystem their management and conservation; environmental degradation
• Management, and conservation; biodiversity and sustainable development; environmental policy; environmental hazards and remedial measures; environmental education and legislation

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-human geography): Unit 01

• Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; dichotomy and dualism; environmentalism; quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; languages, religions and secularisation; cultural regions of the world
• Human development index

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-human geography): Unit 02

• World economic development: Measurement and problems; world resources and their distribution; energy crisis; the limits to growth; world agriculture: Typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; food and nutrition problems
• World agriculture: Food security; famine-causes, effects, and remedies; world industries: Locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-human geography): Unit 03

• Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over-under-and optimum population; population theories, world population problems and policies, social well-being and quality of life
• Population as social capital
• Types and patterns of rural settlements; environmental issues in rural settlements; hierarchy of urban settlements; urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; functional classification of towns; sphere of urban influence
• Urban morphology: Rural-urban fringe; satellite towns; problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-human geography): Unit 04

• Concept of a region; types of regions and methods of regionalization; growth centers and growth poles; regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; planning for sustainable development

Geography-paper-I (principles of geography-human geography): Unit 05

• System analysis in human geography; Malthusian, Marxian, and demographic transition models; central place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location
• Rostow's model of stages of growth
• Heartland and Rimland theories; laws of international boundaries and frontiers

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 01

• Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; structure and relief; drainage system and watersheds; physiographic regions; mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, tropical cyclones and western disturbances; floods and droughts
• Climatic regions; natural vegetation; soil types and their distributions

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 02

• Land, surface, and groundwater, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources; forest and wildlife resources and their conservation; energy crisis

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 03

• Infrastructure: Irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; institutional factors: Land holdings, land tenure, and land reforms; cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry
• Green revolution and its socioeconomic and ecological implications; significance of dry farming; livestock resources and white revolution; aqua-culture; sericulture, apiculture, and poultry; agricultural regionalization; agro-climatic zones
• Agro-ecological regions

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 04

• Evolution of industries; locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron, and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries
• Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; industrial regionalization; new industrial policies; multinationals and liberalization; special economic zones; tourism including eco-tourism

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 05

• Road, railway, waterway, airway, and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; trade balance; trade policy; export processing zones
• Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 06

• Historical perspective of Indian society; racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas, and their problems; cultural regions; growth, distribution and density of population
• Demographic attributes: Sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (interregional, intra-regional, and international) and associated problems; population problems and policies; health indicators

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 07

• Types, patterns, and morphology of rural settlements; urban developments; morphology of Indian cities; functional classification of Indian cities; conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; slums and associated problems; town planning
• Problems of Urbanization and Remedies

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 08

• Experience of regional planning in India; five year plans; integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; command area development; watershed management
• Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone, hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning; regional planning and development of island territories

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 09

• Geographical basis of Indian federalism; state reorganization; emergence of new states; regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs
• Geopolitics of south asia and indian ocean realm

Geography-Paper-II (Geography of India): Unit 10

• Ecological issues: Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; population explosion and food security; environmental degradation; deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; problems of agrarian and industrial unrest
• Ecological issues: Regional disparities in economic development; concept of sustainable growth and development; environmental awareness; linkage of rivers; globalization and Indian economy

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 01

• The solar system, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; volcanoes-causes and products, volcanic belts
• Earthquakes-causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; island arcs, trenches, and mid-ocean ridges; continental drift; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics
• Isostasy

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Basic concepts of geomorphology
• Weathering and soil formations; landforms, slopes, and drainage
• Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation
• Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; coastal geomorphology; applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; geomorphology of Indian sub-continent
• Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and limitations; the electromagnetic spectrum
• Orbiting satellites and sensor systems
• Indian remote sensing satellites
• Satellite data products; applications of remote sensing in geology; the geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS)-its applications

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic, and viscous materials; strain markers in deformed rocks
• Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions
• Folds and faults classification, and mechanics; structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints, and faults, unconformities; time-relationship between crystallization and deformation

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Species-definition and nomenclature; megafossils and microfossils
• Modes of preservation of fossils; different kinds of microfossils; application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic, and paleoceanographic studies; evolutionary trend in hominidae, equidae, and proboscidea
• Siwalik fauna
• Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; index fossils and their significance

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India
• Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of phanerozoic rocks of india with reference to fauna, flora, and economic importance
• Major boundary problems-Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/ Triassic, Cretaceous/ tertiary and Pliocene/ Pleistocene; study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the geological past
• Tectonic framework of india
• Evolution of the himalayas

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; movement of subsurface water; springs; porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; water-bearing characteristics of rocks
• Groundwater chemistry
• Salt water intrusion
• Types of Wells
• Drainage basin morphometry; exploration for groundwater; groundwater recharge; problems and management of groundwater; rainwater harvesting; engineering properties of rocks; geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway, and bridges
• Rock as construction material; landslides causes, prevention, and rehabilitation; earthquake-resistant structures

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; international system of crystallographic notation; use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; elements of X-ray crystallography
• Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; structural classification of silicates; common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide, and halide groups; clay minerals
• Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Generation and Crystallization of Magmas
• Crystallization of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopside, wollastonite, silica systems
• Bowen's reaction principle; magmatic differentiation and assimilation
• Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks
• Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite, and alkaline rocks
• Carbonatites
• Deccan volcanic province
• Types and agents of metamorphism
• Metamorphic grades and zones; phase rule
• Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; textures and structures of metamorphic rocks
• Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous, and basic rocks; minerals assemblages
• Retrograde metamorphism; metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites
• Granulite terrains of india

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Sediments and sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; diagenesis and lithification; clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; sedimentary facies and provenance
• Sedimentary structures and their significance
• Heavy minerals and their significance
• Sedimentary basins of india

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Ore, ore mineral, and gangue, tenor of ore
• Classification of ore deposits; processes of formation of mineral deposits; controls of ore localization; ore textures and structures; metallogenic epochs and provinces; geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron
• Lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium, and thorium and industrial minerals; deposits of coal and petroleum in India, national mineral policy; conservation and utilization of mineral resources
• Marine mineral resources and law of sea

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geobotanical; techniques of sampling
• Estimation of reserves of ore; methods of exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources, and building stones
• Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Cosmic abundance of elements
• Composition of the planets and meteorites
• Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements
• Trace elements
• Elements of Crystal Chemistry-types of chemical bonds, Coordination number
• Isomorphism and polymorphism
• Elementary thermodynamics
• Natural hazards-floods, mass wasting, coastal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash
• Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution
• Environment protection-legislative measures in India; sea level changes: Causes and impact

History-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments
• Literary sources: Indigenous-primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature
• Foreign account: Greek, Chinese, and Arab writers

History-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (Paleolithic and Mesolithic); beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and chalcolithic)

History-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and architecture

History-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, development of community life, settlements, development of agriculture, crafts, [ottery, and iron industry

History-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Expansion of Aryans in India: Vedic period-religious and philosophic literature; transformation from rig Vedic period to later Vedic period; political, social, and economical life; significance of Vedic age; evolution of monarchy and Varna system

History-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Formation of states (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; rise of urban centers; trade routes; economic growth; introduction of coinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; rise of Magadha and Nandas
• Iranian and macedonian invasions and their impact

History-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Foundation of the Mauryan empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya, and Arthashastra; Ashoka; concept of Dharma; edicts; polity, administration, economy; art, architecture, and sculpture; external contacts; religion; spread of religion; literature
• Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas

History-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Contact with outside world; growth of urban centers, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature, and science

History-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Kharavela, the Satavahanas, Tamil states of the Sangam age; administration, economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centers; Buddhist centers; Sangam literature and culture; art and architecture

History-Paper-I: Unit 10

• Polity and administration, economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas, land grants, decline of urban centers, Indian feudalism, caste system, position of women, education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila, and Vallabhi, literature
• Scientific literature, art, and architecture

History-Paper-I: Unit 11

• The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; polity and administration, trade guilds, literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions
• Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, polity and administration; cultural aspects
• Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, the Chalukyas of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; polity and administration; local government; growth of art and architecture, religious sects, institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature
• Economy and society

History-Paper-I: Unit 12

• Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in science and mathematics

History-Paper-I: Unit 13

• Polity: Major political developments in northern India and the peninsula, origin, and the rise of Rajputs
• The Cholas: Administration, village economy, and society “Indian feudalism”
• Agrarian economy and urban settlements
• Trade and commerce
• Society: the status of the Brahman and The new social order
• Condition of women
• Indian science and technology

History-Paper-I: Unit 14

• Philosophy: Shankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja, and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva, and Brahma-Mimansa
• Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India, Sufism
• Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhana's Rajatarangini, Alberuni's India
• Art and architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting

History-Paper-I: Unit 15

• Establishment of the Delhi sultanate: The Ghorian invasions-factors behind Ghorian success
• Economic, social, and cultural consequences
• Foundation of delhi sultanate and early turkish sultans
• Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban

History-Paper-I: Unit 16

• The khalji revolution
• Alauddin Khilji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian, and economic measure
• Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq
• Firuz Tughluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of the sultanate, foreign contacts, and Ibn Battuta's account

History-Paper-I: Unit 17

• Society: Composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste, and slavery under the sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement
• Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of north India, literature in the languages of South India, sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture
• Economy: Agricultural production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce

History-Paper-I: Unit 18

• Rise of provincial dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat
• Malwa, Bahmanids
• The vijayanagara empire
• Lodis
• Mughal empire, first phase: Babur, Humayun
• The Sur empire: Sher Shah’s administration
• Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti, and Sufi movements

History-Paper-I: Unit 19

• Regional cultures specificities
• Literary traditions
• Provincial architectural
• Society, culture, literature, and the arts in Vijayanagara empire

History-Paper-I: Unit 20

• Conquests and consolidation of empire
• Establishment of jagir and mansab systems
• Rajput policy
• Evolution of religious and social outlook
• Theory of sulh-i-kul and religious policy
• Court patronage of art and technology

History-Paper-I: Unit 21

• Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb
• The empire and the zamindars
• Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb
• Nature of the mughal state
• Late seventeenth century crisis and the revolts
• The ahom kingdom
• Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom

History-Paper-I: Unit 22

• Population agricultural and craft production
• Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English, and French companies: A trade revolution
• Indian mercantile classes
• Banking, insurance, and credit systems
• Conditions of peasants, condition of Women
• Evolution of the sikh community and the khalsa panth

History-Paper-I: Unit 23

• Persian histories and other literature
• Hindi and religious literatures
• Mughal architecture
• Mughal painting
• Provincial architecture and painting
• Classical music
• Science and technology

History-Paper-I: Unit 24

• Factors for the decline of the mughal empire
• The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh
• Maratha ascendancy under the peshwas
• The maratha fiscal and financial system
• Emergence of Afghan power, Battle of Panipat, 1761
• State of, political, cultural, and economic, on eve of the British conquest

History-Paper-II: Unit 01

• The early European settlements; the Portuguese and the Dutch; the English and the French East India companies; their struggle for supremacy; carnatic wars; Bengal-the conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English
• The Battle of Plassey; significance of Plassey

History-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; the Battle of Buxar; Mysore; the Marathas; the three Anglo-Maratha wars; the Punjab

History-Paper-II: Unit 03

• The early administrative structure; from diarchy to direct control; the regulating act (1773); the Pitt's India act (1784); the charter act (1833); the voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule
• The english utilitarian and india

History-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Land revenue settlements in British India; the permanent settlement; Ryotwari settlement; Mahalwari settlement; economic impact of the revenue arrangements; commercialization of agriculture; rise of landless agrarian labourers
• Impoverishment of the rural society
• Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; deindustrialization; decline of traditional crafts; drain of wealth; economic transformation of India; railroad and communication network including telegraph and postal services
• Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations

History-Paper-II: Unit 05

• The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; orientalist-anglicist controversy, the introduction of western education in India; the rise of press, literature, and public opinion; the rise of modern vernacular literature; progress of science
• Christian missionary activities in india

History-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Ram Mohan Roy, the Brahmo movement; Debendranath Tagore; Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar; the Young Bengal movement; Dayananda Saraswati; the social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage, etc
• The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi movements

History-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol rebellion (1832), the Moplah rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo rebellion (1859-60)
• Deccan uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); the great revolt of 1857-origin, character, causes of failure, the consequences; the shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period
• The peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s

History-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Politics of association; the foundation of the Indian national congress; the safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the congress; programme and objectives of early congress; the social composition of early congress leadership
• The moderates and extremists; the partition of Bengal (1905); the Swadeshi movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi movement; the beginning of revolutionary extremism in India

History-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat movement; the non-cooperation movement; national politics from the end of the non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the civil disobedience movement
• The two phases of the civil disobedience movement; Simon commission; the Nehru report; the round table conferences; nationalism and the peasant movements; nationalism and working class movements
• Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps mission; the Quit India movement; the Wavell plan; the cabinet mission

History-Paper-II: Unit 10

History-Paper-II: Unit 11

• The revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, UP the Madras presidency, outside India
• The left; the left within the congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, the congress socialist party; the communist party of India, other left parties

History-Paper-II: Unit 12

• The Muslim league; the Hindu mahasabha; communalism and the politics of partition; transfer of power; independence

History-Paper-II: Unit 13

• Nehru's foreign policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); the linguistic reorganization of states (1935-1947); regionalism and regional inequality; integration of princely states; princes in electoral politics; the question of national language

History-Paper-II: Unit 14

• Backward castes and tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; dalit movements

History-Paper-II: Unit 15

• Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; progress of science

History-Paper-II: Unit 16

• Major ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
• Spread of enlightenment in the colonies
• Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian socialism

History-Paper-II: Unit 17

• European states system
• American revolution and the constitution
• French revolution and aftermath, 1789-1815
• American civil war with reference to abraham lincoln and the abolition of slavery
• British democratic politics, 1815-1850: Parliamentary reformers, free traders, chartists

History-Paper-II: Unit 18

• English industrial revolution: Causes and impact on society
• Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan
• Industrialization and globalization

History-Paper-II: Unit 19

• Rise of nationalism in 19th century
• Nationalism: State-building in Germany and Italy
• Disintegration of empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the world

History-Paper-II: Unit 20

• South and south-east asia
• Latin america and south africa
• Australia
• Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism

History-Paper-II: Unit 21

• 19th century european revolutions
• The russian revolution of 1917-1921
• Fascist counter-revolution, Italy, and Germany
• The chinese revolution of 1949

History-Paper-II: Unit 22

• 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications
• World War-I: Causes and consequences
• World War-II: Causes and consequences

History-Paper-II: Unit 23

• Emergence of two power blocs
• Emergence of third world and non-alignment
• Uno and the global disputes

History-Paper-II: Unit 24

• Latin america-bolivar
• Arab world-egypt
• Africa-apartheid to democracy
• South-east asia-vietnam

History-Paper-II: Unit 25

• Factors constraining development; Latin America, Africa

History-Paper-II: Unit 26

• Post war foundations; NATO and European community
• Consolidation and expansion of european community
• European union

History-Paper-II: Unit 27

• Factors leading to the collapse of soviet communism and soviet union, 1985-1991
• Political changes in east europe 1989-2001
• End of the cold war and us ascendancy in the world as the lone superpower

Law-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Constitution and constitutionalism: The distinctive features of the constitution
• Fundamental rights-public interest litigation; legal aid; legal services authority
• Relationship between fundamental rights, directive principles, and fundamental duties
• Constitutional position of the president and relation with the council of ministers
• Governor and his powers
• Supreme court and the high courts: (a) Appointments and transfer. (b) Powers, functions, and jurisdiction
• Centre, states, and local bodies: (a) Distribution of legislative powers between the union and the states. (b) Local bodies. (c) Administrative relationship among union, state and local bodies. (d) Eminent domain-state property, common property
• Legislative powers, privileges, and immunities
• Services under the union and the states: (a) Recruitment and conditions of services; constitutional safeguards; administrative tribunals. (b) Union public service commission and state public service commissions-power and functions
• Services under the union and the states: (c) Election commission-power and functions
• Emergency provisions
• Amendment of the constitution
• Principle of natural justice-emerging trends and judicial approach
• Delegated legislation and its constitutionality
• Separation of powers and constitutional governance
• Judicial review of administrative action
• Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal, etc

Law-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Nature and definition of international law
• Relationship between international law and municipal law
• State recognition and state succession
• Law of the sea: Inland waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and high seas
• Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; human rights and procedures available for their enforcement
• Territorial jurisdiction of states, extradition, and asylum
• Treaties: formation, application, termination, and reservation
• United nations: Its principal organs, powers, and functions and reform
• Peaceful settlement of disputes-different modes
• Lawful recourse to force: Aggressions, self-defence, intervention
• Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law-international conventions and contemporary developments
• Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; nuclear non-proliferation treaty, CTST
• International terrorism, state sponsored terrorism, hijacking, international criminal court
• New International economic order and monetary law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank
• Protection and Improvement of the Human environment: International efforts

Law-Paper-II: Unit 01

• General principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences
• Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment
• Preparations and criminal attempt
• General exceptions
• Joint and constructive liability
• Abetment
• Criminal conspiracy
• Offences against the state
• Offences against public tranquility
• Offences against human body
• Offences against property
• Offences against women
• Defamation
• Prevention of corruption act, 1988
• Protection of civil rights act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments
• Plea bargaining

Law-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Nature and definition
• Liability based upon fault and strict liability; absolute liability
• Vicarious liability including state liability
• General defences
• Joint Tortfeasors
• Remedies
• Negligence
• Defamation
• Nuisance
• Conspiracy
• False imprisonment
• Malicious prosecution
• Consumer protection act, 1986

Law-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Nature and formation of contract/ E-contract
• Factors vitiating free consent
• Void, voidable, illegal, and unenforceable agreements
• Performance and discharge of contracts
• Quasi-contracts
• Consequences of breach of contract
• Contract of indemnity, guarantee, and insurance
• Contract of agency
• Sale of goods and hire purchase
• Formation and dissolution of partnership
• Negotiable instruments act, 1881
• Arbitration and conciliation act, 1996
• Standard form contracts

Law-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Public interest litigation
• Intellectual property rights-concept, types/ prospects
• Information technology law including cyber laws-concept, purpose/ prospects
• Competition law-concept, purpose/ prospects
• Alternate dispute resolution-concept, types/ prospects
• Major statutes concerning environmental law
• Right to information act
• Trial by media

Assamese-paper-I: Unit 01

• History of the origin and development of the Assamese language-its position among the Indo-Aryan language, periods in its history
• Development of assamese prose
• Vowels and consonants of the Assamese language-rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from old Indo-Aryan
• Assamese vocabulary-and its sources
• Morphology of the language-conjugation, enclitic definitives, and pleonastic suffixes
• Dialectical divergences-the standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particular
• Assamese script-its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.

Assamese-paper-I: Unit 02

• Principles of literary criticism up to new criticism
• Different literary genres
• Development of literary forms in assamese
• Development of literary criticism in assamese
• Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, that is from the period of the chariya geeta with their socio-cultural background: The proto Assamese pre-Sankaradeva, Sankaradeva, post-sankaradeva
• Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, that is from the period of the chariya geeta with their socio-cultural background: Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers), post-independence period
• Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, that is from the period of the Chariya Geeta with their socio-cultural background:Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaishnavite period,the Gonaki and the post-independence periods

Assamese-paper-II: Unit 01

• Ramayana (Ayodhya Kanda-by Madhava Kandali only)
• Parijat-Harana-by Sankaradeva
• Rasakrida-by Sankaradeva (from Kirtana Ghosa)
• Bargeet-by Madhavadeva
• Rajasuya-by Madhava Deva
• Katha-Bhagavata (books I and II)-by Baikuntha Nath Bhattacharyya
• Guru Charitra-Katha (Sankaradeva part only)-ed. by Maheswar Neog
• Mor Jeevan Sonwaran-by Lakshminath Bezbaroa
• Kripabar BorbaruarKakatar Topola-by Lakshminath Bezbaroa
• Pratima-by Chandra Kumar Agarwalla
• Gaonburha-by Padmanath Gohain Barua
• Manomati-by Rajanikanta Bordoloi
• Purani Asamiya Sahitya-by Banikanta Kakati
• Karengar Ligiri-by Jyoti Prasad Agarwalla
• Jeevanar Batat-by Bina Barva (Birinchi Kumar Barua)
• Mrityunjoy-by Birendra Kumar Bhattacharyya
• Samrat-by Navakanta Barua

Bengali-paper-I (history of language and literature): Unit 01

• The chronological track from proto indo-European to Bangla (family tree with branches and approximate dates)
• Historical stages of Bangla (old, middle, new) and their linguistic features
• Dialects of bangla and their distinguishing characteristics
• Elements of bangla vocabulary
• Forms of bangla literary prose-sadhu and chalit
• Processes of language change relevant for Bangla: Apinihiti (anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanya Bhavan (cerebralization), Nasik Bhavan (nasalization), Sami Bhavan (assimilation), Sadrishya (analogy), Swaragama (vowel insertion)-Adi Swaragama
• Processes of language change relevant for Bangla: Madhya Swaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Swaragama, Svarasangati (vowel harmony), Y-Shruti and W-Shruti
• Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and romanization
• Phonology, morphology, and syntax of modern Bangla (sounds of modern Bangla, conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns)

Bengali-paper-I (history of language and literature): Unit 02

• Periodization of Bangla literature: Old Bangla and middle Bangla
• Points of difference between modern and pre-modern bangla literature
• Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in bangla literature
• Evolution of various middle Bangla forms: Mangal kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, adapted narratives (Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies
• Secular forms in middle bangla literature
• Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century bangla poetry
• Development of prose
• Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, post-1944 Bangla drama)
• Tagore and post Tagoreans
• Fiction, major authors: Bankimchandra, Tagore, Sarat Chandra, Bibhutibhushan, Tarasankar, Manik)
• Women and Bangla literature: Creators and created

Bengali-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta university): Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas, and Balaramdas
• Chandimangal: Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi)
• Chaitanya Charitamrita, Madhya Lila by Krishnadas Kaviraj (sahitya akademi)
• Meghnad Badh Kabya by Madhusudan Dutta
• Kapalkundala by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
• Samya and Bangladesher Krishak by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
• Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore
• Chhinna Patravali by Rabindranath Tagore
• Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore
• Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore
• Grihadaha by Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
• Prabandha Samgraha volume 1, by Pramatha Chowdhury
• Aranyak by Bibhutibhushan Banerjee
• Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay: Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Nat Jamai, Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jake Ghoosh Dite Hoy
• Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das
• Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri
• Evam Indrajit by Badal Sircar

Bodo-paper-I (history of Bodo language and literature): Unit 01

• Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese
• Phonemes: Vowel and consonant phonemes
• Tones
• Morphology: Gender, case and case endings, plural suffix, definitives, verbal suffix
• Vocabulary and its sources
• Syntax: Types of sentences, word order
• History of scripts used in writing bodo language since inception

Bodo-paper-I (history of Bodo language and literature): Unit 02

• General introduction of bodo folk literature
• Contribution of the missionaries
• Periodization of bodo literature
• Critical analysis of different genre (poetry, novel, short story, and drama)
• Translation literature

Bodo-paper-II: Unit 01

• Khonthai-Methai (edited by Madaram Brahma and Rupnath Brahma)
• Hathorkhi-Hala (edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma)
• Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz: Madaram Brahma
• Raja Nilambar: Dwarendra Nath Basumatary
• Bibar (prose section) (edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary)
• Bibi Bithai (Aida Nwi): Bihuram Boro
• Radab: Samar Brahma Chaudhury
• Okhrang Gongse Nangou: Brajendra Kumar Brahma
• Baisagu Arw Harimu: Laksheswar Brahma
• Gwdan Boro: Manoranjan Lahary
• Jujaini Or: Chittaranjan Muchahary
• Mwihoor: Dharanidhar Wary
• Hor Badi Khwmsi: Kamal Kumar Brahma
• Jaolia Dewan: Mangal Singh Hozowary
• Hagra Guduni Mwi: Nilkamal Brahma

Dogri-Paper-I (History of Dogri language and literature): Unit 01

• Dogri language: Origin and development through different stages
• Linguistic boundaries of dogri and its dialects
• Characteristic features of dogri language
• Structure of Dogri language: (a) Sound structure-segmental: Vowels and consonants, non-segmental: Length, stress, nasalization, tone, and Juncture. (b) Morphology of Dogri-(i) Inflection categories-gender, number, case, person, tense, and voice
• Structure of Dogri language: (b) Morphology of Dogri-(ii) word formation; use of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. (iii) Vocabulary: Tatsam, tadbhav, foreign, and regional. (c) Sentence structure; major sentence-types and their constituents
• Structure of Dogri language: (c) Agreement and concord in Dogri syntax
• Dogri language and scripts: Dogre/ Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari, and Persia
• A brief account of pre-independence Dogri literature: Poetry and prose
• Development of modern dogri poetry and main trends in dogri poetry
• Development of Dogri short-story, main trends, and prominent short-story writers
• Development of Dogri novel, main trends, and contribution of Dogri novelists
• Development of dogri drama and contribution of prominent playwrights
• Development of Dogri prose; essays, memoirs, and travelogues
• An introduction to Dogri folk literature-folk songs, folk tales 7 ballads

Dogri-Paper-II (Textual criticism of Dogri literature): Unit 01

• Pre-independence Dogri poetry: The following poets-Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram and Permanand Almast
• Modern Dogri poetry: The following poets-Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh, and Prakash Premi
• Sheeraza Dogri number 102, Ghazal Ank: The following poets-Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar
• Sheeraza Dogri number 147, Ghazal ank, the following poets: R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma, and Darshan Darshi
• Ramayan (epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (up to Ayodhya Kand)
• Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant

Dogri-Paper-II (Textual criticism of Dogri literature): Unit 02

• Ajakani Dogri Kahani, the following short story writers: Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuri, and B.P. Sathe
• Ajakani Dogri Kahani part-II, the following short story writers: Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chahttrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora, and Ratan Kesar
• Katha Kunj Bhag II, the following story writers: Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma, and Krishan Sharma
• Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma
• Kaiddi (novel) by Deshbandhu Dogra Nutan
• Nanga Rukkh (novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi
• Nayaan (drama) by Mohan Singh
• Satrang (a collection of one act plays), the following playwrights: Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra, and Madan Mohan Sharma
• Dogri Lalit Nibandh, the following authors: Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrisha Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi

English-paper-I (texts prescribed in English literature: 1600-1900): Unit 01

• The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean drama; metaphysical poetry; the epic and the mock-epic; neoclassicism; satire; the romantic movement; the rise of the novel; the Victorian age
• William Shakespeare: King lear and the tempest
• John Donne: The following poems-Canonization; death be not proud; the good morrow; on his mistress going to bed; the relic
• John Milton: Paradise lost, I, II, IV, IX
• Alexander Pope: The rape of the lock
• William Wordsworth: The following poems-ode on Intimations of Immortality. Tintern Abbey. Three years she grew. She dwelt among untrodden ways. Michael. Resolution and Independence. The world is too much with us
• William Wordsworth: The following poems-Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour. Upon Westminster Bridge
• Alfred Tennyson: In memoriam
• Henrik Ibsen: A Doll’s house
• Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels
• Jane Austen: Pride and prejudice
• Henry Fielding: Tom Jones
• Charles Dickens: Hard times
• George Eliot: The mill on the floss
• Thomas Hardy: Tess of the d’Urbervilles
• Mark Twain: The adventures of Huckleberry Finn

English-paper-II (texts prescribed in English literature: 1900-1990): Unit 01

• Modernism; poets of the thirties; the stream of consciousness novel; absurd drama; colonialism and post-colonialism; Indian writing in English; Marxist, psychoanalytical and feminist approaches to literature; postmodernism
• William Butler Yeats: The following poems-(a) Easter 1916. (b) The second coming. (c) A prayer for my daughter. (d) Sailing to Byzantium. (e) The tower, (f) Among school children. (g) Leda and the swan. (h) Meru. (I) Lapis lazuli. (j) The second coming
• William Butler Yeats: The following poems-(k) Byzantium
• T.S. Eliot: The following poems-(a) The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock, (b) Journey of the Magi. (c) Burnt Norton
• W.H. Auden: The following poems-(a) Partition, (b) Musee des beaux arts, (c) In memory of W.B. Yeats, (d) Lay your sleeping head, my love, (e) The unknown citizen, (f) Consider, (g) Mundus Et Infans, (h) The shield of Achilles, (i) September 1, 1939
• W.H. Auden: The following poems-(j) Petition
• John Osborne: Look back in anger
• Samuel Beckett: Waiting for godot
• Philip Larkin: The following poems-(a) Next, (b) please, (c) deceptions, (e) afternoons, (f) days, (g) Mr. Bleaney
• A.K. Ramanujan: The following poems-(a) Looking for a cousin on a swing, (b) A river, (c) Of mothers, among other things, (d) Love poem for a wife 1, (e) Small-scale reflections on a great house, (f) Obituary
• Joseph Conrad: Lord Jim
• James Joyce: Portrait of the artist as a young man
• D.H. Lawrence: Sons and lovers
• E.M. Forster: A passage to India
• Virginia Woolf: Mrs. Dalloway
• Raja Rao: Kanthapura
• V.S. Naipaul: A house for Mr. Biswas

Gujarati-paper-I: Unit 01

• History of Gujarati language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan that is last one thousand years
• Significant features of the Gujarati language: Phonology, morphology, and syntax
• Major dialects: Surti, pattani, charotari, and Saurastri

Gujarati-paper-I: Unit 02

• Medieval: Jaina tradition, Bhakti tradition: Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi), non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)
• Modern: Sudharak yug, Pandit yug, Gandhi yug, Anu-Gandhi yug, Adhunik yug
• Literary forms: (salient features, history, and development of the following literary forms)-(a) medieval: 1. Narratives: Rasa, akhyan, and padya varta, 2. Lyrical: Pada, (b) Folk: 3. Bhavai, (c) Modern: 4. Fiction: Novel and short story, 5. Drama
• Literary forms: (salient features, history, and development of the following literary forms)-(c) modern: 6. Literary essay, 7. Lyrical poetry, (d) Criticism: 8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism, 9. Recent research in folk tradition

Gujarati-paper-II: Unit 01

• Vasantvilas Phagu-Ajnatkrut, Kadambari-Bhalan, Sudamacharitra-Premanand, Chandra Chandravatini Varta-Shamal, Akhegeeta-Akho

Gujarati-paper-II: Unit 02

• Mari Hakikat-Narmadasha, Farbasveerah-Dalpatram, Saraswatichandra-part 1-Govardhanram Tripathi, Purvalap-Kant’ (Manishankar Ratnaji Bhatt), Raino Parvat-Ramanbhai Neelkanth

Gujarati-paper-II: Unit 03

• Hind Swaraj-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Patanni Prabhuta-Kanhaiyalal Munshi, Kavyani Shakti-Ramnarayan Vishwanath Pathak, Saurashtra ni Rasdhar-Part 1-Zaverchand Meghani, Manvini Bhavai-Pannalal Patel, Dhvani-Rajendra Shah

Gujarati-paper-II: Unit 04

• Saptapadi-Umashankar Joshi, Janantike-Suresh Joshi, Ashwatthama-Sitanshu Yashaschandra

Hindi-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta, and Arambhik Hindi
• Development of braj and awadhi as literary language during medieval period
• Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitya, Rahim etc and Dakhni Hindi
• Development of khari-boli and nagari lipi during 19th century
• Standardisation of hindi bhasha and nagari lipi
• Development of hindi as a national language during freedom movement
• The development of hindi as a national language of union of india
• Scientific and technical development of hindi language
• Prominent dialects of hindi and their inter-relationship
• Salient features of nagari lipi and the efforts for its reform and standard form of hindi
• Grammatical structure of standard hindi

Hindi-Paper-I: Unit 02

• The relevance and importance of hindi literature and tradition of writing history of hindi literature
• Literary trends of the following four periods of history of hindi literature
• Adikal-Sidh, Nath, and Raso sahitya
• Prominent poets-Chandravardai, Khusro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati
• Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara, and Ram Bhaktidhara
• Prominent poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur, and Tulsi
• Ritikal-Riti Kavya, Riti Badh Kavya, and Ritimukta Kavya
• Prominent poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar, and Ghananand
• Adhunik Kal: (a) Renaissance, the development of prose, Bharatendu mandal. (b) Prominent writers-Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt and Pratap Narain Mishra. (c) Prominent trends of modern Hindi poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita
• Adhunik Kal: (c) Prominent trends of modern Hindi poetry: Navgeet and contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita. Prominent poets-Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun

Hindi-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Upanyas and realism
• The origin and development of hindi novels
• Prominent novelists-Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu, and Bhisham Sahni
• The origin and development of hindi short story
• Prominent short story writers-Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh, and Krishna Sobti

Hindi-Paper-I: Unit 04

• The origin and development of hindi drama
• Prominent dramatists-Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh
• The development of hindi theatre

Hindi-Paper-I: Unit 05

• The origin and development of Hindi criticism: Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi. Manovishleshanvadi and nai alochana
• Prominent critics-Ramchandra Shukla, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Bilas Sharma and Nagendra
• The other form of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant

Hindi-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Kabir: Kabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (first hundred Sakhis)
• Soordas: Bhramar Geet Sar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (first hundred Padas)
• Tulsidas: Ramcharitmanas (Sundar Kand) Kavitavali (Uttarkand)
• Jayasi: Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand and Nagmativiyog Khand)
• Bihari: Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (first 100 Dohas)
• Maithili Sharan: Bharat Bharati Gupta
• Prasad: Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)
• Nirala: Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Bilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja and Kukurmutta)
• Dinkar: Kurukshetra
• Agyeya: Aangan Ke Paar Dwar (Asadhya Veena)
• Muktiboth: Brahm Rakhashas
• Nagarjun: Badal ko ghirte dekha hai, Akal ke bad, Harijan Gatha
• Bharatendu: Bharat Durdasha
• Mohan Rakesh: Ashadh Ka Ek Din
• Ramchandra: Chintamani (part I) (Kavita Kya Shukla Hai, Shraddha Aur Bhakti)
• Dr. Satyendra: Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Bilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai
• Premchand Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshta Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit
• Rai/ Manjusha-Premchand ki Sarvashreshta Kahaniyan. Ed. Amrit Rai
• Prasad: Skandagupta
• Yashpal: Divya
• Phanishwar Nath: Maila Anchal Renu
• Mannu Bhandari: Mahabhoj
• Rajendra Yadav: Ek Duniya Samanantar (all stories)

Kannada-paper-I: Unit 01

• What is language?, general characteristics of language
• Dravidian family of languages and its specific features
• Antiquity of kannada language
• Different phases of its development
• Dialects of Kannada language: Regional and social
• Various aspects of developments of Kannada language: Phonological and semantic changes
• Language borrowing

Kannada-paper-I: Unit 02

• Ancient Kannada literature: Influence and trends, poets for study-specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakaravarni are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression: Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra
• Medieval Kannada literature: Influence and trends
• Vachana literature: Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi
• Medieval poets: Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara-Vyasa
• Dasa literature: Purandara and Kanaka
• Sangatya: Ratnakaravarni

Kannada-paper-I: Unit 03

• Influence, trends and ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita, and Bandaya

Kannada-paper-I: Unit 04

• Definition and concepts of poetry; word, meaning, alankara, reeti, rasa, dhwani, auchitya
• Interpretations of rasa sutra
• Modern trends of literary criticism: Formalist, historical, Marxist, feminist, post-colonial criticism

Kannada-paper-I: Unit 05

• Contribution of dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context
• Major religions of karnataka and their cultural contribution
• Arts of Karnataka; sculpture, architecture, painting, music, dance-in the literary context
• Unification of karnataka and its impact of kannada literature

Kannada-paper-II: Unit 01

• Vikramarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (Cantos 12 and 13), (Mysore university publications), Vaddaradhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe)

Kannada-paper-II: Unit 02

• Vachana, Kammata, Ed. K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore university publications), Janapriya Kanaka Samputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and culture directorate, Bangalore), Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed
• T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore), Kumaravyasa Bharata: Karna Parva (Mysore university), Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore university)

Kannada-paper-II: Unit 03

• Poetry: Hosagannada Kavite, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu, Bangalore), Novel: Bettada Jeeva-Shivarama Karanta Madhavi-Anupama Niranjana Odalaala-Deva-nuru Mahadeva, short story: Kannada sanna kathegalu
• Short story: Ed. G.H. Nayak (sahitya academy, New Delhi), Drama: Shudra Tapaswi-Kuvempu. Tughlaq-Girish Karnad
• Vichara sahitya: Devaru-A.N. Murthy Rao (publication: D.V.K. Murthy, Mysore)

Kannada-paper-II: Unit 04

• Janapada swaroopa-Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore)
• Janapada geethanjali-Ed. D. Javare Gowda (publication: Sahitya academy, New Delhi)
• Kannada janapada kathegalu-Ed. J.S. Paramashivaiah (Mysore university)
• Beedi makkalu beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (publication: Bangalore university)
• Savirada ogatugalu-Ed. S.G. Imrapura

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Various theories

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 02

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Vowel and consonant system; nouns and pronouns with various case inflections; verbs: Various types and tenses

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Simple, active and declarative statements; coordination; relativisation

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to Lal Dyad and Sheikh-ul-Alam

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Development of various genres: Vatsun; ghazal and mathnawi

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 07

• With special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various literary influences

Kashmiri-Paper-I: Unit 08

• With special reference to the development of the short story, drama, novel, and nazm

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Lal Dyad, Sheikhul Aalam, Habba Khatoon

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Mahmud Gami (Vatsans), Maqbool shah (Gulrez), Rasool Mir (Ghazals), Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at), Krishna Joo Razdan (Shiv Lagun), Sufi poets (test in Sanglaab, published by the department of Kashmiri, university of Kashmir)

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Text in Azich Kashmir Shayari, published by the department of Kashmiri, university of Kashmir

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Development and various trends

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Afsana Majmu’a, published by the department of Kashmiri, university of Kashmir
• Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya academy
• Hamsar Kasoor Afsana, published by the Sahitya academy
• The following short story writers only: Akhtar Mohi-ud Din, Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, Bansi Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Mujrim by G. N. Gowhar, Maroon-Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoy’s) the death of Ivan Ilyich (published by Kashmiri department)

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Natuk Kariv Band by Hari Krishan Kaul, Qk Angry Natok, edition Motilal Keemu, published by the sahitya academy
• Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by the sahitya academy

Kashmiri-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Kashur Luki theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat, published by the department of Kashmiri, university of Kashmir
• Kashiry Luki Beeth (all volumes) published by the Jammu and Kashmir cultural academy

Konkani-paper-I: Unit 01

• Origin and development of the language and influences on it
• Major variants of konkani and their linguistic features
• Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables, and voices
• Old standard Konkani, new standard and standardization problems

Konkani-paper-I: Unit 02

• History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers, and movements
• Social and cultural background of the making of konkani literature from time to time
• Indian and western influences on konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times
• Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of konkani folklore

Konkani-paper-II (textual criticism of Konkani literature): Unit 01

• Konkani Manasagangotri (excluding poetry) edition by professor: Olivinho Gomes
• Old Konkani language and literature-the Portuguese role
• Otmo Denvcharak-a novel by A.V. da Cruz
• Vadoll ani Varem-a novel by Antonio Pereira
• Devache Kurpen-a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha
• Vajralikhani-Shenoi Goembab-an anthology-edition by Shantaram Varde Valaulikar
• Konkani Lalit Niband-essays-edition by Shyam Verenkar
• Teen Dasakam-an anthology-edition by Chandrakant Keni
• Demand-drama-by Pundalik Naik
• Kadambini: A Miscellany of modern prose-edition by professor O.J.F. Gomes and Smt. P.S. Tadkodkar
• Ratha Toujeo Ghudieo-by Smt. Jayanti Naik

Konkani-paper-II (textual criticism of Konkani literature): Unit 02

• Ev ani Mori: Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza
• Abravanchem Yadnya Dan-by Luis Mascarenhas
• Godde Ramayan-edition by R.K. Rao
• Ratnakar I and II-collection of poems-edition R.V. Pandit
• Zayo Zuyo-poems-Manohar L. Sardessai
• Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi-anthology of poems-edition Pratap Naik
• Adrushatache Kalle-poems by Pandurang Bhangui
• Yaman-poems by Madhav Borkar

Maithili-paper-I (history of Maithili language and its literature): Unit 01

• Place of maithili in indo-european language family
• Origin and development of Maithili language (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili)
• Periodic division of Maithili language (beginning, middle era, modern era)
• Maithili and its different dialects
• Relationship between Maithili and other eastern languages (Bengali, Assamese, Oriya)
• Origin and development of tirhuta script
• Pronouns and verbs in maithili language

Maithili-paper-I (history of Maithili language and its literature): Unit 02

• Background of Maithili literature (religious, economic, social, cultural)
• Periodic division of maithili literature
• Pre-vidyapati literature
• Vidyapati and his tradition
• Medieval Maithili drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal)
• Maithili folk literature (folk tales, folk drama, folk stories, folk songs)
• Development of different literary forms in modern era: (a) Prabandh-kavya, (b) muktak-kavya, (c) novel, (d) short story, (e) drama, (f) essay, (g) criticism, (h) memoirs, (I) translation
• Development of maithili magazines and journals

Maithili-paper-II (prescribed texts): Unit 01

• Vidyapati geet-shati-publisher: Sahitya academy, New Delhi (lyrics-1 to 50), Govind Das Bhajanavali-publisher: Maithili academy, Patna (lyrics-1 to 25), Krishna Janm-Manbodh, Mithila Bhasha Ramayana-Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand)
• Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan-Lal Das (only Bal-kand), Keechak-Vadh-Tantra Nath Jha
• Datta-Vati-Surendra Jha ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd Cantos)
• Chitra-Yatri, Samakaleen Maithili Kavita-publisher: Sahitaya academy, New Delhi
• Varna Ratnakar-Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol), khattar kakak tarang-Hari Mohan Jha, lorik-Vijaya Manipadma, prithvi Putra-Lalit, Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi-Sudhanshu ‘Shekhar’ Choudhary
• Kriti Rajkamlak-publisher: Maithili acadamy, Patna (first ten stories only), Katha-Sangrah-publisher: Maithili acadamy, Patna

Malayalam-paper-I: Unit 01

• Various theories: Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit
• Relation between Tamil and Malayalam: Six nayas of A. R. Rajaraja Varma
• Pattu school-definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works-Niranam works and Krishnagatha

Malayalam-paper-I: Unit 02

• Manipravalam-definition
• Language of early Manipravalam works-Champu, Sandesha Kavya, Chandrotsava, minor works
• Later Manipravala works-medieval Champu and Attakkatha
• Folklore-southern and northern ballads, Mappila songs
• Early Malayalam prose-Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmanda Puranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika, and Nambiantamil

Malayalam-paper-I: Unit 03

• Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu, and Thullal
• Contributions of indigenous and european missionaries to malayalam
• Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language
• Language of scientific and technical literature-media language

Malayalam-paper-I: Unit 04

• Pattu-Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha
• Manipravalam-early and medieval Manipravalam works including aattakkatha and champu
• Folk literature
• Kilippattu, Thullal and Mahakavya

Malayalam-paper-I: Unit 05

• Venmani poets and contemporaries
• The advent of Romanticism-poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol
• Poetry after kavitraya
• Modernism in malayalam poetry

Malayalam-paper-I: Unit 06

• Drama
• Novel
• Short story
• Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism

Malayalam-paper-II: Unit 01

• Ramacharitam-Pattalam 1
• Kannassa Ramayanam-Balakandam first 25 stanzas
• Unnunilisandesam-Purvabhagam 25 slokas including prastavana
• Mahabharatham Kilippattu-Bhishma Parvam
• Kumaran Asan-Chintavisthayaya Sita
• Vailoppilli-Kutiyozhikkal
• G. Sankara Kurup-Perumthachan
• N.V. Krishna Variar-Tivandiyile pattu
• O.N.V.-Bhoomikkoru Charamageetham
• Ayyappa Paniker-Kurukshetram
• Akkitham-Padatha Messanthi
• Attoor Ravi Varma-Megharoopan
• O.Chandu Menon-Indulekha
• Thakazhi-Chemmeen
• O.V. Vijayan-Khasakkinte Ithihasam
• M.T. Vasudevan Nair-Vanaprastham (collection)
• N.S. Madhavan-Higvitta (collection)
• C.J. Thomas-1128-il crime 27
• Kuttikrishna Marar-Bharatha Paryatanam
• M.K. Sanu-Nakshathrangalude Sneha Bhajanam
• V. T. Bhattathiripad-Kanneerum Kinavum

Manipuri-paper-I: Unit 01

• General characteristics of Manipuri language and history of its development; its importance and status among the Tibeto-Burman languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script
• Significant features of Manipuri language: (i) Phonology-phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern, and types. (ii) Morphology: Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types
• Significant features of Manipuri language: (ii) Morphology-grammatical categories-gender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas and sandhi). (iii) Syntax: Word order; types of sentences, phrase and clause structures
• Literary history of Manipuri: Early period (up to 17th century)-social and cultural background; themes, diction and style of the works. Medieval period (18th and 19th century)-Social, religious and political background
• Literary history of Manipuri: Themes, diction and style of the works. Modern period-growth of major literary forms; change of themes, diction, and style
• Manipuri folk literature: Legend, folktale, folksong, ballad, proverb, and riddle
• Aspects of Manipuri culture: Pre-Hindu Manipuri faith; advent of Hinduism and the process of syncretism; performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras; indigenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang

Manipuri-paper-II: Unit 01

• Old Manipuri literature: (i) O. Bhogeswar Singh (edition): Numit Kappa, (ii) M. Gaurachandra Singh (edition): Thawanthaba Hiran, (iii) N. Khelchandra Singh (edition): Naothingkhong, Phambal Kaba, (iv) M. Chandra Singh (edition): Panthoibi Khongul
• Medieval Manipuri literature: (i) M. Chandra Singh (edition): Samsok Ngamba, (ii) R.K. Snehal Singh (edition): Ramayana Adi Kanda, (iii) N. Khelchandra Singh (edition): Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba, (iv) O. Bhogeswar Singh (edition): Chandrakirti Jila Changba

Manipuri-paper-II: Unit 02

• Poetry and epic: Poetry-Manipuri Sheireng (publications) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (edition)-Kh. Chaoba Singh: Pi Thadoi, Lamgi CheklaAmada, Loktak, Dr. L. Kamal Singh: Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani, A. Minaketan Singh: Kamal Da, Nonggumlalk Khoda
• Poetry and epic: Poetry-Manipuri Sheireng (publication) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (edition)-L. Samarendra Singh: Ingagi Nong, Mamang Leikai Thambal Satle, E. Nilakanta Singh: Manipur, Lamangnaba, Shri Biren: Tangkhul Hui
• Poetry and epic: Poetry-Manipuri Sheireng (publication) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (edition)-Th. Ibopishak: Anouba Thunglaba Jiba
• Poetry and epic: Poetry-Kanchi Sheireng. (publication) Manipur University 1998 (edition)-Dr. L. Kamal Singh: Biswa-Prem, Shri Biren: Chaphadraba Laigi Yen, Th. Ibopishak: Norok Patal Prithivi
• Poetry and epic: Epic-(i) A. Dorendrajit Singh: Kansa Bodha, (ii) H. Anganghal Singh: Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng (San-Senba, Lei Lengba, Shamu Khonggi Bichar)
• Poetry and epic: Drama-(i) S. Lalit Singh: Areppa Marup, (ii) G.C. Tongbra: Matric Pass, (iii) A. Samarendra: Judge Saheb ki Imung
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Novel-(i) Dr. L. Kamal Singh: Madhabi, (ii) H. Anganghal Singh: Jahera, (iii) H. Guno Singh: Laman, (iv) Pacha Meetei: Imphal Amasung, MagiIshing, Nungsitki Phibam
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Short‐story-(a) Kanchi Wari Macha (Pub) Manipur university 1997(edition), R.K. Shitaljit Singh: Kamala Kamala, M.K. Binodini: Eigi Thahoudraba Heitup Lalu, Kh. Prakash: Wacom Shareng
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Short‐story-(b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Wari Macha (publication) Manipuri sahitya parishad 1994 (edition), S. Nilbir Shastri: Loukhatpa, R.K. Elangba: Karinunggi
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Short‐story-(c) Anouba Manipuri Wari Macha (publication) the cultural forum Manipur 1992 (edition), N. Kunja Mohan Singh: Ijat Tanba, E. Dinamani: Nongthak Khongnang
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Prose-(a) Warenggi Saklon [due part] (publication) the cultural forum Manipur 1992 (edition), Kh. Chaoba Singh: Khamba-Thoibi Gi Wari Amasung Mahakavya, (b) Kanchi Wareng (publication) Manipur university, 1998 (edition)
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Prose-(b) B. Manisana Shastri: Phajaba, Ch. Manihar Singh: Lai-Haraoba, (c) Apunba Wareng (publication) Manipur university, 1986 (Ed.), Ch. Pishak Singh: Samaj Amasung Sanskrit
• Novel, short‐story, and prose: Prose-(c) M.K. Binodini: Thoibidu Warouhouida, Eric Newton: Kalagi Mahousa (translated by I.R. Babu), (d) Manipuri Wareng (publication) the cultural forum Manipur 1999 (edition) S. Krishnamohan Singh: Lan

Marathi-paper-I: Unit 01

• Nature and functions of language (with reference to Marathi): Language as a signifying system-langue and parole; basic functions; poetic language; standard language and dialect; language variations according to social parameters
• Nature and functions of language (with reference to Marathi): Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century
• Dialects of Marathi: Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi
• Marathi grammar: Parts of speech; case-system; prayog-vichar (voice)
• Nature and kinds of folk-lore (with special reference to Marathi): Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya

Marathi-paper-I: Unit 02

• History of Marathi literature: (i) From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following-the Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar literature
• History of Marathi literature: (ii) From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms-poetry, fiction (novel and short story), drama; and major literary currents and movements, romantic, realist, modernist, dalit
• History of Marathi literature: (ii) From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms-gramin, feminist
• Literary criticism: (i) Nature and function of literature; (ii) evaluation of literature; (iii) nature, objectives, and methods of criticism; (iv) literature, culture, and society

Marathi-paper-II: Unit 01

• (a) Smritisthala, (b) Mahatma Jotiba Phule-‘Shetkaryacha Asud’, ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’, (c) S.V. Ketkar-‘Brahmankanya’, (d) P.K. Atre-‘Sashtang Namaskar’, (e) Sharchchandra Muktibodh-‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’ (f) Uddhav Shelke-‘Shilan’
• (g) Baburao Bagul-‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’, (h) Gouri Deshpande-‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’, (i) P.I. Sonkamble-‘Athavaninche Pakshi’
• (a) Namadevanchi Abhangawani-Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar, modern book depot, Pune, (b) Painjan-Ed: M.N. Adwant, Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur, (c) Damayanti-Swayamvar’-by Raghunath Pandit, (d) Balakvinchi Kavita-by Balkavi, (e) Vishakha’-by Kusumagraj
• (f) Maridgandh’-by Vinda Karandikar, (g) ‘Jahirnama’-by Narayan Surve, (h) Sandhyakalchya Kavita-by Grace, (g) Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi-by Namdeo Dhasal

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 01

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 02

• Nominal forms and categories: Gender, number, case, adjectives, pronouns, avyayas, verbal forms and categories: Tense, aspects, voice, roots, and fixes, Nepali Swara and Vyanjana

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 03

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 04

• Viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad, etc

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 05

• Its history and development with special reference to its socio-cultural aspects

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 06

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 07

• Kavya/ sahitya, kavya prayojan, literary genres, shabda shakti, rasa, alankara, tragedy, comedy, aesthetics, stylistics

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 08

• Swachchhandatavad, yatharthavad, astitwavad, ayamik movement contemporary Nepali writings, postmodernism

Nepali-paper-I: Unit 09

• Sawai, jhyaurey, selo, sangini, lahari

Nepali-paper-II: Unit 01

• Santa Jnandil Das-Udaya Lahari
• Lekhnath Poudyal-Tarun Tapasi (Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)
• Agam Sing Giri-Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko Pratidhwani (the following poems only-Prasawako Chichyahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba: Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar)
• Haribhakta Katuwal-Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi: The following poems only-Jeevan-Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Manyata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko
• Balkrishna Sama-Prahlad
• Man Bahadur Mukhiya-Andhyaro Ma Banchneharu (the following one-act only-Andhyaroma Banchneharu' ‘Suskera’)
• Indra Sundas-Sahara
• Lil Bahadur Chhetri-Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau
• Rupnarayan Sinha-Katha Navaratna (the following stories only-Biteka Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Indra Bahadur Rai-Dhanamatiko Cinema-Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan)
• Indra Bahadur Rai: Vipana Katipaya (the following stories only-raat bhari Huri Chalyo, Jayamay Aphumatra Lekhapani Aipugi, Baaghi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutuaiyo)
• Sanu Lama: Katha Sampaad (the following stories only-Swasni Manchhe, Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhe)
• Laxmi Prasad: Laxmi Nibandha DevkotaSangraha (the following essays only-Sri Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman ki Guru?)
• Ramkrishna Sharma: Das Gorkha (the following essays only-Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya, Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali Sahityako Pragati)

Odia-paper-I: Unit 01

• Origin and development of Odia language-influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso-Arabic and English on Odia language
• Phonetics and phonemics: Vowels, consonants principles of changes in Odia sounds
• Morphology: Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb
• Syntax: Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences
• Semantics-different types of change in meaning
• Euphemism
• Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses, and construction of sentences
• Regional variations in Odia Language (western, southern, and northern Odia) and dialects (Bhatri and Desia)

Odia-paper-I: Unit 02

• Historical backgrounds (social, cultural, and political) of Odia literature of different periods
• Ancient epics, Ornate Kavyas, and Padavalis
• Typical structural forms of Odia literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu)
• Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay, and literary criticism

Odia-paper-II: Unit 01

• Sarala Das-Shanti Parva from Mahabharata
• Jagannath Das-Bhagabata, XI Skadha-Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda

Odia-paper-II: Unit 02

• Dinakrushna Das-Raskallola-(Chhandas-16 and 34)
• Upendra Bhanja-Labanyabati (Chhandas-1 and 2)

Odia-paper-II: Unit 03

• Radhanath Ray-Chandrabhaga
• Mayadhar Mansinha-Jeevan-Chita
• Satchidananda Routray-Kabita-1962
• Ramakanta Rath-Saptama Ritu

Odia-paper-II: Unit 04

• Manoranjan Das-Katha-Ghoda
• Bijay Mishra-Tata Niranjana

Odia-paper-II: Unit 05

• Fakir Mohan Senapati-Chha Mana Atha Guntha
• Gopinath Mohanty-Danapani

Odia-paper-II: Unit 06

• Surendra Mohanty-Maralara Mrityu
• Manoj Das-Laxmira Abhisara

Odia-paper-II: Unit 07

• Chittaranjan Das-Tranga O Tadit (first five essays)
• Chandra Sekhar Rath-Mun Satyadharma, Kahuchhi (first five essays)

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones; classification of vowels and consonants

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 02

• The number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of post positions; Punjabi word formation; Tatsam, Tadbhav, forms; sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi; noun and verb phrases

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 03

• The notions of dialect and idiolect: Major dialects of Punjabi-pothwari, majhi, doabi, malwai, paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification
• The notions of dialect and idiolect: The distinctive features of various dialects with special reference to tones language and script; origin and development of Gurumukhi; suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Nath jogi sahit
• Medieval literature: Gurmat, Suti, Kissa, and Var: Janamsakhis

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Mystic, romantic, progressive and neo mystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki)
• Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal)
• Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh)
• Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar)

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Folk songs, folk tales, riddles, proverbs

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, Mohan Singh

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Gurus, Sufis, and modern lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar, Harbhajan Singh

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 09

• I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 10

• Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 11

• Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 12

• Sanskrit, Persian, and western, literary influences

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 13

• Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh

Punjabi-Paper-I: Unit 14

• S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Syed

Punjabi-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Sheikh Farid: The complete bani as included in the adi granth
• Guru Nanak: Japu Ji. Baramah. Asa di var
• Bulleh Shah: Kafian
• Waris Shah: Heer
• Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhan Te Firangian): Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari, (poet) Sufi Khana, Nawan Jahan
• Nanak Singh Chitta Lahu (Novelist): Pavittar Papi, Ek Mian Do Talwaran
• Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras: (Essayist) Nawan Shivala, Merian Abhul Yadaan. Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama (Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama
• Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt (dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg, Sultan Razia, Sant Singh Sekhon Sahityarth (critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi, Punjabi Kav Shiromani

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 01

• With particular stress on sanjna, sandhi, karaka, samasa, kartari and karmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit)

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Prominent feature of classical sanskrit language
• Contribution of sanskrit to linguistic studies

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Literary history of Sanskrit, principal trends of literary criticism, Ramayana, Mahabharata, the origin and development of literary genres of: Mahakavya, Rupaka (drama), Katha, Akhyayika, Campu, Khandakavya, Muktak Kavya

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Purusharthas, Samskaras, Varnashrama Vyavastha, arts and fine arts, technical sciences

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Mïmansã, Vedãnta, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Sãnkhya, Yoga, Bauddha, Jaina, Carvãka

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 06

Sanskrit-Paper-I: Unit 07

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Group 1: (a) Raghuvamsam-Kalidasa, (b) Kumarasambhavam-Kalidasa, (c) Kiratarjuniyam-Bharavi, (d) Sisupalavadham-Magha, (e) Naisadhiyacaritam-Sriharsa, (f) Kadambari-Banabhatta, (g) Dasakumaracaritam-Dandin, (h) Sivarajyodayam-S.B. Varnekar
• Group 2: (a) Isavasyopanishad, (b) Bhagavadgita, (c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki’s Ramayana, (d) Arthasastra of Kautilya
• Group 3: (a) Svapanavasavadattam-Bhasa, (b) Abhijnanasakuntalam-Kalidasa,(c) Mricchakatikam-Sudraka, (d) Mudraraksasam-Visakhadatta, (e) Uttararamacaritam-Bhavbhuti, (f) Ratnavali-Sriharshavardhana, (g) Venisamharam-Bhattanarayana
• Group 4: Short notes in Sanskrit on the following-(a) Meghaduta-Kalidasa, (b) Nitisatakam-Bhartrhari, (c) Panchatantra, (d) Rajatarangini-Kalhana, (e) Harsacaritam-Banabhatta, (f) Amaruka Satakam-Amaruka, (g) Gita Govinda-Jayadeva

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Group 1: (a) Raghuvamsam-CantoI, verses 1 to 10, (b) Kumarasambhavam-Canto I, verses 1 to 10, (c) Kiratarjuniya-Canto I, Verses 1 to 10
• Group 2: (a) Isavasyopanishad-verses-1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15, and 18, (b) Bhagavad Gita II chapter verses 13 to 25, (c) Sundarakandam of Valmiki canto 15, verses 15 to 30 (Geeta press edition)
• Group 3: (a) Meghaduta-verses 1 to 10, (b) Nitisatakam-verses 1 to 10 (edited by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya vidya bhavan publication), (c) Kadambari-Sukanasopadesa (only)
• Group 4: (a) Svapnavasavadattam act VI, (b) Abhijnanasakuntalam Act IV Verses 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale edition), (c) Uttara Ramacharitam act I verses 31 to 47 (M.R. Kale edition)

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 01

• Main austric language family, population, and distribution
• Grammatical structure of santhali language
• Important character of Santhali language: Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, translation, lexicography
• Impact of other languages of santhali
• Standardization of santhali language

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 02

• Literary trend of the following four periods of history of Santhali literature: (a) Ancient literature before 1854. (b) Missionary period literature between 1855 to 1889 AD. (c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD
• Literary trend of the following four periods of history of Santhali literature-(d) modern period: Literature from 1947 AD to till date
• Writing tradition in history of santhali literature

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 03

• Main characteristics, history, and development of following literary forms

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 04

• Folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms puzzles, and Kudum

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 05

• Development of poetry and prominent poets
• Development of prose and prominent writers: (i) Novels and prominent novelists. (ii) Stories and prominent story writers. (iii) Drama and prominent dramatist. (iv) Criticism and prominent critics
• Development of prose and prominent writers: (v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues, and prominent writers

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 06

• Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, Narayan Soren ‘Toresutam’, Sarda Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digamber Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santhali’, Babulal Murmu ‘Adivasi’
• Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi, Mahadev, Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Udaynath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske
• Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu

Santhali-paper-I: Unit 07

Santhali-paper-II: Unit 01

• Prose: (a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi-Majhi Ramdas Tudu “Rasika”. (b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha-L. O. Scrafsrud. (c) Jomsim Binti Lita-Mangal Chandra Turkulumang Soren. (d) Marang Buru Binti-Kanailal Tudu
• Poetry: (a) Karam Sereng-Nunku Soren. (b) Devi Dasain Sereng-Manindra Hansda. (c) Horh Sereng-W.G. Archer. (d) Baha Sereng-Balaram Tudu. (e) Dong Sereng-Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’. (f) Hor Sereng-Raghunath Murmu
• Poetry: (g) Soros Sereng-Babulal Murmu “Adivasi”. (h) More Sin More Ndia-Rup Chand Hansda. (i) Judasi Madwa Latar-Tez Narayan Murmu

Santhali-paper-II: Unit 02

• Poetry: (a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak-Paul Jujhar Soren. (b) Asar Binti-Narayan Soren 'Tore Sutam'. (c) Chand Mala-Gora Chand Tudu. (d) Onto Baha Mala-Aditya Mitra 'Santhali'. (e) Tiryo Tetang-Hari Har Hansda. (f) Sisirjon Rar-Thakur Prasad Murmu
• Novels: (a) Harmawak Ato-R.Karstiars (translator-R.K. Kisku Rapaz). (b) Manu Mati-Chandra Mohan Hansda. (c) Ato Orak-Doman Hansdak. (d) Ojoy Gada Dhiphre-Nathaniel Murmu

Santhali-paper-II: Unit 03

• Jiyon Gada-Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra
• Mayajaal-Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ and Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’

Santhali-paper-II: Unit 04

• Kherwar Bir-Pandit Raghunath Murmu
• Juri Khatir-Dr. K.C. Tudu
• Birsa Bir-Ravi Lal Tudu

Santhali-paper-II: Unit 05

• Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako-Dr. Biswanath Hansda

Sindhi-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Views of different scholars
• Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology, and syntax
• Major dialects of the Sindhi language
• Sindhi vocabulary-stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods
• Historical study of various writing systems (scripts) of Sindhi
• Changes in the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages and social conditions

Sindhi-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Early medieval literature up to 1350 AD including folk literature
• Late medieval period from 1350 AD to 1850 AD
• Renaissance period from 1850 AD to 1947 AD
• Modern period from 1947 and onwards
• Literary genres in modern Sindhi literature and experiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs, and travelogues

Sindhi-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Shah Jo Choond Shair: Edition H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya akademi (First 100 pages)
• Sachal Jo Choond Kalam: Edition Kalyan B. Advani published by Sahitya akademi (Kafis only)
• Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka: Edition B.H. Nagrani published by Sahitya akademi (First 100 pages)
• Shair-e-Bewas: By Kishinchand Bewas (“Samundi Sipoon’’ portion only)
• Roshan Chhanvro: Narayan Shyam
• Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond: Edition H. I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya academy

Sindhi-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Behtareen Sindhi Natak (one-act plays): Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi academy
• Kako Kaloomal (full-length play): By Madan Jumani

Sindhi-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Pakheeara Valar Khan Vicharya (novel): By Gobind Malhi
• Sat Deenhan (novel): By Krishin Khatwani
• Choond Sindhi Kahaniyon (short stories) volume III: Edited by Prem Prakash, published by sahitya academy
• Bandhan (short stories): Sundari Uttamchandani
• Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon (essays): Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat sindhi academy
• Sindhi Tanqeed (criticism): Edited by Harish Vaswani-published by sahitya academy
• Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa Varqa (autobiography): By Popati Hiranandani
• Dr. Choitram Gidwani (biography): By Vishnu Sharma

Tamil-paper-I: Unit 01

• Major Indian language families-the place of Tamil among Indian languages in general and Dravidian in particular, enumeration and distribution of Dravidian languages
• The language of Sangam literature-the language of medieval Tamil: Pallava period only-historical study of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs-tense markers and case markers in Tamil
• Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil-regional and social dialects-difference between literary and spoken Tamil

Tamil-paper-I: Unit 02

• Tolkappiyam-Sangam literature-the division of Akam and Puram, the secular characteristics of Sangam literature, the development of ethical literature, Silappadikaram and Maṇimekalai

Tamil-paper-I: Unit 03

• The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns-minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji)
• Social factors for the development of modern Tamil literature; novel, short story and new poetry-the impact of various political ideologies on modern writings

Tamil-paper-I: Unit 04

• Approaches to criticism: Social, psychological, historical, and moralistic-the use of criticism-the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraichi, Thonmam (myth) Ott Uruvagam (allegory), Angadam (satire), Meyappadu, Padimam (image)
• Approaches to criticism: Kuriyeedu (symbol), Irunmai (ambiguity)-the concept of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature

Tamil-paper-I: Unit 05

• Ballads, songs, proverbs, and riddles-sociological study of Tamil folklore
• Uses of translation-translation of Tamil works into other languages-development of journalism in Tamil

Tamil-paper-I: Unit 06

• Concept of love and war-concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais
• The cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature-cultural fusion in the medieval period (Jainism and Buddhism)
• The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later Cholas, and Nayaks)
• The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on tamil society
• The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary tamil society

Tamil-paper-II: Unit 01

• Kuruntokai (1-25 poems), Purananuru (182-200 poems), Tirukkural Porutpal: Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avai Anjamai)

Tamil-paper-II: Unit 02

• Silappadikaram: Madhurai Kandam only
• Kamba Ramayanam: Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam

Tamil-paper-II: Unit 03

• Thiruvasagam: Neethal Vinnappam, Tiruppavai: (full text)

Tamil-paper-II: Unit 04

• Poetry: (i) Bharathiar: Kannan Pattu, (ii) Bharathidasan: Kudumba Vilakku, (iii) Naa. Kamarasan: Karuppu Malarkal
• Prose: (i) Mu. Varadharajanar: Aramum Arasiyalum, (ii) C. N. Annadurai: Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame
• Novel, short story, and drama: (i) Akilon; Chittairappavai, (ii) Jayakanthan: Gurupeedam, (iii) Cho: Yaarukkum Vetkamillai
• Folk literature: (i) Muthu Pattan kathai edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (publication: Madurai Kamaraj university). (ii) Malaiyaruvi, edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (publication: Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur)

Telugu-paper-I: Unit 01

• Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-etymological History of Telugu, tenugu, and Andhra
• Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to modern Telugu
• Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-formal and functional view of Telugu language
• Influence of other languages and its impact on telugu
• Modernization of Telugu language: (a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu. (b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (news-papers, radio, TV etc)
• Modernization of Telugu language: (c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical
• Dialects of Telugu-regional and social variations and problems of standardization
• Syntax-major divisions of Telugu sentences, simple, complex, and compound sentences, noun and verb predictions, processes of nominalization and relativization, direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes
• Translation-problems of translation, cultural, social, and idiomatic, methods of translation, approaches to translation, literary and other kinds of translation, various uses of translation

Telugu-paper-I: Unit 02

• Literature in pre-nannaya period-Marga and Sesi poetry
• Nannaya period-historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata
• Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana
• Tikkana and his place in telugu literature
• Errana and his literary works-nachana somana and his new approach to poetry
• Srinatha and potana-their works and contribution
• Bhakti poets in Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya
• Evolution of prabandhas-kavya and prabandha
• Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatha Nayaka, Chemakura Venkata Kavi and women poets-literary forms like Yakshagana, prose, and Pade Kavita
• Modern Telugu literature and literary forms-novel, short story, drama, playlet, and poetic forms
• Literary movements: Reformation, nationalism, neoclassicism, romanticism, and progressive, revolutionary movements
• Digambara Kavulu, feminist, and dalit literature
• Main divisions of folk literature-performing folk arts

Telugu-paper-II: Unit 01

• Aesthetic approach-rassa, dhawani, vakrokti and auchitya-formal and structural-imagery and symbolism
• Sociological, historical, ideological, psychological approaches
• Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adi Parva 4th canto verses 5-109)
• Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga Parva-3rd canto verses 1-144)
• Srinath-Gunanidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th canto, verses 76-133)
• Pingali Surana-Sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurnodayam 4 canto verses, 60-142)
• Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including Avatarika)
• Kasula Purushothama Kavi-Andhra Nayaka Satakamu
• Gurajada Appa Rao-Animutyalu (short stories)
• Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra prasasti
• Devulapalli Krishna Sastry-Krishna Paksha (excluding Urvashi and Pravasam)
• Sri Sri-Mahaprasthanam
• Jashuva-Gabbilam (part i)
• C. Narayana Reddy-Karpura Vasanta rayalu
• Kanuparti Varalakshmamma-Sarada lekhalu (part I)
• Atreya-NGO
• Rachakonda Viswanatha Sastry-Alpajeevi

Urdu-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Development of Indo-Aryan: (i) Old Indo-Aryan, (ii) middle Indo-Aryan, (iii) new Indo-Aryan
• Western Hindi and its dialects Brij bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli-theories about the origin of Urdu language
• Dakhani Urdu-origin and development, its significant linguistic features
• Social and cultural roots of Urdu language-and its distinctive features
• Script, phonology, morphology, vocabulary

Urdu-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Poetry: Ghazal, masnavi, qasida, marsia, rubai jadeed nazm
• Prose: novel, short story, dastan, drama, inshaiya, khutoot, biography
• Significant features of: (i) Deccani, Delhi, and Lucknow schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement, romantic movement, progressive movement, modernism
• Literary criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor
• Essay writing (covering literary and imaginative topics)

Urdu-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Mir Amman: Bagho-babar
• Ghalib: Intikhab-e-khutoot-e ghalib
• Mohd. Husain Azad: Nairang-e-Khayal
• Prem Chand: Godan
• Rajendra Singh Bedi: Apne dukh mujhe dedo
• Abul Kalam Azad: Ghubar-e-khatir
• Mir: Intikhab-e-kalam-e-mir (Ed. Abdul Haq)
• Mir Hasan: Sahrul bayan
• Ghalib: Diwan-e-ghalib
• Iqbal: Bal-e-jibrail
• Firaq: Gul-e-naghma
• Faiz: Dast-e-saba
• Akhtruliman: Bint-e-Lamhat

Management-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Concept and foundations of management, evolution of management thoughts; managerial functions-planning, organizing, controlling; decision-making; role of manager, managerial skills; entrepreneurship; management of innovation
• Managing in a global environment, flexible systems management; social responsibility and managerial ethics; process and customer orientation; managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain

Management-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Conceptual model of organization behaviour; the individual processes-personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning, and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; the dynamics of organization behaviour-power and politics
• The dynamics of organization behaviour-conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; the organizational processes-decision-making, job design; classical, neoclassical, and contingency approaches to organizational design
• Organizational theory and design-organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning organization; organizational change and development; knowledge based enterprise-systems and processes; networked and virtual organizations

Management-Paper-I: Unit 03

• HR challenges; HRM functions; the future challenges of HRM; strategic management of human resources; human resource planning; job analysis; job evaluation, recruitment and selection; training and development; promotion and transfer; performance management
• Compensation management and benefits; employee morale and productivity; management of organizational climate and industrial relations; human resources accounting and audit; human resource information system; international human resource management

Management-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Financial accounting-concept, importance, and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurement of business income
• Inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; management accounting concept, need, importance, and scope; cost accounting-records and processes, cost ledger, and control accounts
• Reconciliation and integration between financial and cost accounts; overhead cost and control, job and process costing, budget and budgetary control, performance budgeting, zero-base budgeting, relevant costing, and costing for decision-making
• Standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing, and absorption costing

Management-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Goal of finance function
• Concepts of value and return
• Valuation of bonds and shares; management of working capital: Estimation and financing; management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; cost of capital; capital budgeting; financial and operating leverage
• Design of capital structure: Theories and practices; shareholder value creation: Dividend policy, corporate financial policy, and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy
• Capital and money markets: Institutions and instruments; leasing hire purchase and venture capital; regulation of capital market; risk and return: Portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; financial derivatives: Option, futures, swap
• Recent reforms in financial sector

Management-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Concept, evolution, and scope; marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan; segmenting and targeting the market; positioning and differentiating the market offering; analyzing competition; analyzing consumer markets
• Industrial buyer behaviour; market research; product strategy; pricing strategies; designing and managing marketing channels; integrated marketing communications; building customer satisfaction, value, and retention; services and non-profit marketing
• Ethics in marketing; consumer protection; internet marketing; retail management; customer relationship management; concept of holistic marketing

Management-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Descriptive statistics-tabular, graphical, and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem
• Hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about population variances, Chi-square and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers
• Linear programming-problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis

Management-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Fundamentals of operations management; organizing for production; aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: Process planning, plant size and scale of operations, management of facilities; line balancing
• Equipment replacement and maintenance; production control; supply chain management-vendor evaluation and audit; quality management; statistical process control, six sigma; flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; world class manufacturing
• Project management concepts, R and D management, management of service operations; role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; inventory control, MRP; waste management

Management-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Conceptual foundations of information systems; information theory; information resource management; types of information systems; systems development-overview of systems and design; system development management life-cycle
• Designing online and distributed environments; implementation and control of project; trends in information technology; managing data resources-organizing data
• DSS and RDBMS; enterprise resource planning (ERP), expert systems, e-business architecture, e-governance; information systems planning, flexibility in information systems; user involvement; evaluation of information systems

Management-Paper-II: Unit 04

• State participation in business, interaction between government, business and different chambers of commerce and industry in India; government’s policy with regard to small scale industries; government clearances for establishing a new enterprise
• Public distribution system; government control over price and distribution; consumer protection act (CPA) and the role of voluntary organizations in protecting consumers’ rights
• New industrial policy of the government: Liberalization, deregulation, and privatization; Indian planning system; government policy concerning development of backward areas/ regions
• The responsibilities of the business as well as the government to protect the environment; corporate governance; cyber laws

Management-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Business policy as a field of study; nature and scope of strategic management, strategic intent, vision, objectives, and policies; process of strategic planning and implementation; environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis
• Tools and techniques for strategic analysis-impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, industry analysis, concept of value chain; strategic profile of a firm; framework for analyzing competition; competitive advantage of a firm
• Generic competitive strategies; growth strategies-expansion, integration, and diversification; concept of core competence, strategic flexibility; reinventing strategy; strategy and structure; chief executive and board; turnaround management
• Management of strategic change; strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions; strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context

Management-Paper-II: Unit 06

• International business environment: Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India’s foreign trade: Policy and trends; financing of international trade; regional economic cooperation; FTAs; internationalization of service firms
• International production; operation management in international companies; international taxation; global competitiveness and technological developments; global e-business; designing global organizational structure and control; multicultural management
• Global business strategy; global marketing strategies; export management; export-import procedures; joint ventures; foreign investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; cross-border mergers and acquisitions
• Foreign exchange risk exposure management; world financial markets and international banking; external debt management; country risk analysis

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation
• Algebra of matrices; row and column reduction, echelon form, congruence and similarity; rank of a matrix; inverse of a matrix; solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Symmetric, skew symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their Eigenvalues

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; curve tracing; functions of two or three variables
• Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian
• Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; indefinite integrals; infinite and improper integral; double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); areas, surface, and volumes

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables, reduction to canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid
• Hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Formulation of differential equations; equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; orthogonal trajectory; equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution
• Second and higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution
• Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; determination of complete solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters
• Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions
• Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; constrained motion; work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces
• Equilibrium of a system of particles; work and potential energy, friction, common catenary; principle of virtual work; stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; gradient, divergence and curl in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; higher order derivatives; vector identities and vector equation
• Application to geometry: Curves in space, curvature, and torsion; Serret-Frenet formulae. Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's identities

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem
• Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains, and unique factorization domains; fields, quotient fields

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms
• Rearrangement of series
• Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets
• Riemann integral, improper integrals; fundamental theorems of integral calculus
• Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima, and minima

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; contour integration

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; graphical method and simplex method of solutions; duality
• Transportation and assignment problems

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics
• Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equation and their solutions

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, regula-falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct)
• Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods
• Newton’s (forward and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation
• Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula
• Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runga Kutta methods
• Computer programming: Binary system; arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; octal and hexadecimal systems; conversion to and from decimal systems; algebra of binary numbers
• Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms
• Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers, and reals, double precision reals and long integers
• Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Generalized coordinates; D'Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; moment of inertia; motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions
• Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; stream-lines, path of a particle; potential flow; two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Mechanics of rigid bodies: Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics
• Mechanics of deformable bodies: Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress, and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams
• Mechanics of deformable bodies: Determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; biaxial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load
• Mechanics of deformable bodies: Design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metals plastics, ceramics, composite materials, and nano-materials

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms
• Cams, gears, and epicyclic gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multi cylinder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), critical speeds, and whirling of shafts

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Manufacturing process: Machine tool engineering-Merchant's force analysis: Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures. Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc
• Manufacturing process: Application of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations. Forming and welding processes-standard processes. Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and gauges; comparators; inspection of length; position
• Manufacturing process: Metrology-profile and surface finish
• Manufacturing management: System design-factory location, simple OR models; plant layout-methods based; applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection, and capacity planning
• Manufacturing management: Predetermined time standards. System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and balancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines
• Manufacturing management: Inventory management-probabilistic inventory models for order time and order quantity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics
• Manufacturing management: System operations and control-scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective
• Manufacturing management: Number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organizations and risks in projects. System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management
• Manufacturing management: System improvement-developing and managing flexible, lean and agile organizations

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Basic concept of first-law and second law of thermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility
• Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropic flow
• Flow or fluids in duct with frictions that transfer
• Flow through fans, blowers, and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in the gas turbine
• Reheat and regenerators

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Conduction heat transfer-general conduction equation, Laplace, Poisson, and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder, and spheres
• Convection heat transfer-Newton’s law of convection; free and forces convection; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number
• Convection heat transfer-hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and momentum transfer-Reynolds, Colburn, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes
• Convection heat transfer-free convection from horizontal and vertical plates
• Black body radiation-basic radiation laws such as Stefan-Boltzmann, Planck distribution, Wien's displacement etc
• Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Classification, thermodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas, and diesel engines
• Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; forms of combustion chamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission
• Different systems of IC engines-fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems
• Alternate fuels in ic engines

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Steam generation-modified rankine cycle analysis; modern steam boilers; steam at critical and supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels
• Steam turbines-principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust
• Steam nozzles-flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle pressure at throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure
• Steam nozzles-supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line
• Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines
• Steam power plants-combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) fired and unfired, cogeneration plants

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Vapour compression refrigeration cycle-cycle on p-H and T-s diagrams; eco-friendly refrigerants-R134a., 123; systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion devices
• Simple vapour absorption systems
• Psychrometry-properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling; humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation; simple duct design

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip, and knee
• Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, gonads, and uterus
• Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum, and inguinal region
• Clinical anatomy of Kidney, Urinary bladder, Uterine tubes, Vas deferens
• Embryology: Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney, uterus, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnormalities
• Central and peripheral autonomic nervous system: Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing, and vision
• Central and peripheral autonomic nervous system: Cranial nerves distribution and clinical significance; components of autonomic nervous system

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness
• Endocrine system: Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland
• Physiology of reproductive system: Pregnancy menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy
• Blood: Development, regulation, and fate of blood cells. Cardiovascular, cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Organ function tests-liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis
• Vitamins and minerals
• Restriction fragment length
• polymorphism (RFLP)
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• Radioimmunoassays (RIA)

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic and ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus
• Differentiation between benign, malignant, primary and metastatic malignancies, pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of-cirrhosis liver
• Pathogenesis and histopathology of-glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Humeral and cell mediated immunity
• Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of-meningococcus, salmonella, shigella, herpes, dengue, polio, HIV/ AIDS, malaria, E. Histolytica, giardia, candida, cryptococcus, aspergillus

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs: Antipyretics and analgesics, antibiotics, antimalaria, anti kala-azar, antidiabetics, antihypertensive, antidiuretics, general and cardiac vasodilators, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal
• Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs: Immunosuppressants, anticancer

Medical science-Paper-I: Unit 07