UPSC ESE 2026 Exam - Prelims Result (Declared), Cutoff

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Stone, lime, glass, plastics, steel, FRP, ceramics, aluminium, fly ash, basic admixtures, timber, bricks and aggregates: Classification, properties, and selection criteria, cement: types, composition, properties, uses, specifications, and various tests
• Lime and cement mortars and concrete: Properties and various tests; design of concrete mixes: Proportioning of aggregates and methods of mix design

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Elastic constants, stress, plane stress, strains, plane strain, Mohr's circle of stress and strain, elastic theories of failure, principal stresses, bending, shear and torsion

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Basics of strength of materials, types of stresses and strains, bending moments and shear force, concept of bending and shear stresses; analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures; trusses, beams, plane frames
• Rolling loads, influence lines, unit load method and other methods; free and forced vibrations of single degree and multi degree freedom system; suspended cables; concepts and use of computer aided design

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Principles of working stress methods, design of tension and compression members, design of beams and beam column connections, built-up sections, girders, industrial roofs, principles of ultimate load design

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Limit state design for bending, shear, axial compression and combined forces; design of beams, slabs, lintels, foundations, retaining walls, tanks, staircases; principles of pre-stressed concrete design including materials and methods
• Earthquake resistant design of structures; design of masonry structure

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Construction-planning, equipment, site investigation and management including estimation with latest project management tools and network analysis for different types of works; analysis of rates of various types of works
• Tendering process and contract management, quality control, productivity, operation cost; land acquisition; labour safety and welfare

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Fluid mechanics, open channel flow, pipe flow: Fluid properties; dimensional analysis and modeling; fluid dynamics including flow kinematics and measurements; flow net; Viscosity, boundary layer and control, drag, lift
• Fluid mechanics, open channel flow, pipe flow: Principles in open channel flow, flow controls. Hydraulic jump; surges; pipe networks
• Hydraulic machines and hydro power: Various pumps, air vessels, hydraulic turbines-types, classifications, and performance parameters; power house-classification and layout, storage, pondage, control of supply

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Hydrological cycle, ground water hydrology, well hydrology and related data analysis; streams and their gauging; river morphology; flood, drought, and their management; capacity of reservoirs
• Water resources engineering: Multipurpose uses of water, river basins and their potential; irrigation systems, water demand assessment; resources-storages and their yields; water logging, canal and drainage design, gravity dams, falls, weirs
• Water resources engineering: Energy dissipaters, barrage distribution works, cross drainage works and head-works and their design; concepts in canal design, construction and maintenance; river training, measurement and analysis of rainfall

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Water supply engineering: Sources, estimation, quality standards and testing of water and their treatment; rural, institutional, and industrial water supply; physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and sources of water
• Water supply engineering: Pollutants in water and its effects, estimation of water demand; drinking water standards, water treatment plants, water distribution network
• Waste water engineering: Planning and design of domestic waste water, sewage collection and disposal; plumbing systems. Components and layout of sewerage system; planning and design of domestic waste-water disposal system
• Waste water engineering: Sludge management including treatment, disposal, and re-use of treated effluents; industrial waste waters and effluent treatment plants including institutional and industrial sewage management
• Solid waste management: Sources and classification of solid wastes along with planning and design of its management system; disposal system, beneficial aspects of wastes and utilization by civil engineers
• Air, noise pollution, and ecology: Concepts and general methodology

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Geo-technical engineering: Soil exploration-planning and methods, properties of soil, classification, various tests and interrelationships; permeability and seepage, compressibility, consolidation, and shearing resistance
• Geo-technical engineering: Earth pressure theories and stress distribution in soil; properties and uses of geo-synthetics
• Foundation engineering: Types of foundations and selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement analysis, design and testing of shallow and deep foundations; slope stability analysis, earthen embankments
• Foundation engineering: Dams and earth retaining structures-types, analysis, and design, principles of ground modifications

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Surveying: Classification of surveys, various methodologies, instruments and analysis of measurement of distances, elevation and directions; field astronomy, global positioning system; map preparation; photogrammetry; remote sensing concepts
• Surveying: Survey layout for culverts, canals, bridges, road/ railway alignment and buildings, setting out of curves
• Geology: Basic knowledge of engineering geology and its application in projects

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Highways: Planning and construction methodology, alignment and geometric design; traffic surveys and controls; principles of flexible and rigid pavements design
• Tunneling: Alignment, methods of construction, disposal of muck, drainage, lighting and ventilation
• Railways systems: Terminology, planning, designs and maintenance practices; track modernization
• Harbours: Terminology, layouts, and planning
• Airports: Layout, planning, and design

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Basic concepts and properties of fluids, manometry, fluid statics, buoyancy, equations of motion, Bernoulli's equation and applications, viscous flow of incompressible fluids, laminar and turbulent flows, flow through pipes and head losses in pipes

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substance; zeroth, first, and second laws of thermodynamics; entropy, irreversibility, and availability
• Analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion: Rankine, Otto, diesel, and dual cycles; ideal and real gases; compressibility factor; gas mixtures
• Modes of heat transfer, steady and unsteady heat conduction, thermal resistance, fins, free and forced convection, correlations for convective heat transfer, radiative heat transfer-radiation heat transfer coefficient
• Boiling and condensation, heat exchanger performance analysis

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• SI and CI engines, engine systems and components, performance characteristics and testing of IC engines; fuels; emissions and emission control
• Vapour compression refrigeration, refrigerants and working cycles, compressors, condensers, evaporators and expansion devices, other types of refrigeration systems like vapour absorption, vapour jet, thermo electric and vortex tube refrigeration
• Psychometric properties and processes, comfort chart, comfort and industrial air conditioning, load calculations and heat pumps

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Reciprocating and rotary pumps, Pelton wheel, Kaplan and Francis turbines, velocity diagrams, impulse and reaction principles, steam and gas turbines, theory of jet propulsion-pulse jet and Ram jet engines
• Reciprocating and rotary compressors-theory and applications

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Rankine and Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat, fuels and their properties, flue gas analysis, boilers
• Steam turbines and other power plant components like condensers, air ejectors, electrostatic precipitators, and cooling towers-their theory and design, types, and applications

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Solar radiation, solar thermal energy collection-flat plate and focusing collectors their materials and performance
• Solar thermal energy storage, applications-heating, cooling, and power generation; solar photovoltaic conversion; harnessing of wind energy, biomass and tidal energy-methods and applications, working principles of fuel cells

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Analysis of system of forces, friction, centroid, and centre of gravity, dynamics; stresses and strains-compound stresses and strains, bending moment and shear force diagrams, theory of bending stresses, slope and deflection
• Torsion, thin and thick cylinders, spheres

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Basic crystallography, alloys and phase diagrams, heat treatment, ferrous and non ferrous metals, non-metallic materials, basics of nano-materials, mechanical properties and testing, corrosion prevention and control

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Types of kinematics pair, mobility, inversions, kinematic analysis, velocity and acceleration analysis of planar mechanisms, CAMs with uniform acceleration and retardation, cycloidal motion, oscillating followers
• Vibrations-free and forced vibration of undamped and damped SDOF systems, transmissibility ratio, vibration isolation, critical speed of shafts
• Law of gearing, involute profile, interference, helical, spiral, and worm gears, gear trains-simple, compound, and epicyclic; dynamic analysis-slider, crank mechanisms, turning moment computations, balancing of revolving and reciprocating masses
• Gyroscopes-effect of gyroscopic couple on automobiles, ships and aircrafts, governors

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as riveted, welded, and bolted joints
• Shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, flywheels

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Metal casting-metal forming, metal joining, machining and machine tool operations, limits, fits and tolerances, metrology and inspection, computer integrated manufacturing, FMS, production planning and control
• Inventory control and operations research-CPMPERT
• Failure concepts and characteristics-reliability, failure analysis, machine vibration, data acquisition, fault detection, vibration monitoring, field balancing of rotors, noise monitoring, wear and debris analysis, signature analysis
• Ndt techniques in condition monitoring

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Microprocessors and microcontrollers: Architecture, programming, I/O, computer interfacing, programmable logic controller
• Sensors 22 and actuators, piezoelectric accelerometer, hall effect sensor, optical encoder, resolver, inductosyn, pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, stepper motor, control Systems-mathematical modeling of physical systems, control signals
• controllability and observability
• Robotics, robot classification, robot specification, notation; direct and inverse kinematics; homogeneous coordinates and arm equation of four axis SCARA robot

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Matrix theory, eigen values and eigen vectors, system of linear equations, numerical methods for solution of non-linear algebraic equations and differential equations, integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima
• Line, surface and volume integrals
• Fourier series, linear, non-linear and partial differential equations, initial and boundary value problems, complex variables, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem, probability and statistics fundamentals, sampling theorem, random variables
• Normal and Poisson distributions, correlation and regression analysis

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Electrical engineering materials, crystal structures and defects, ceramic materials, insulating materials, magnetic materials-basics, properties, and applications; ferrities, ferro-magnetic materials and components
• Basics of solid state physics, conductors; photoconductivity; basics of nano materials and superconductors

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Circuit elements, network graph, KCL, KVL, node, and mesh analysis, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin's, Norton's, superposition and maximum power transfer theorems, transient response of DC and AC networks, sinusoidal steady state analysis
• Basic filter concepts, two-port networks, three phase circuits, magnetically coupled circuits, Gauss theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Ampere's and Biot-Savart's laws
• Inductance, dielectrics, capacitance; Maxwell's equations

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; bridges and potentiometers; moving coil, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments, measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor, instrument transformers
• Digital voltmeters and multi-meters, phase, time and frequency measurement, Q-meters, oscilloscopes, potentiometric recorders, error analysis, Basics of sensors, transducers, basics of data acquisition systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Number systems, Boolean algebra, arithmetic functions, basic architecture, central processing unit, I/O and memory organisation; peripheral devices, data representation and programming, basics of operating system and networking, virtual memory
• File systems; elements of programming languages, typical examples

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Basics of semiconductor diodes and transistors and characteristics, junction and field effect transistors (BJT, FET, and MOSFETS), different types of transistor amplifiers, equivalent circuits and frequency response; oscillators and other circuits
• Feedback amplifiers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Operational amplifiers-characteristics and applications, combinational and sequential logic circuits, multiplexers, multi-vibrators, sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters, basics of filter circuits and applications, simple active filters
• Microprocessor basics-interfaces and applications, basics of linear integrated circuits; analog communication basics, modulation and demodulation, noise and bandwidth, transmitters and receivers, signal to noise ratio, digital communication basics
• Sampling, quantizing, coding, frequency and time domain multiplexing, power line carrier communication systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals, shifting and scaling operations, linear, time-invariant and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals, sampling theorem, Fourier and Laplace transforms
• Z transforms, discrete Fourier transform, FFT, linear convolution, discrete cosine transform, FIR filter, IIR filter, bilinear transformation

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Principles of feedback, transfer function, block diagrams and signal flow graphs, steady-state errors, transforms and their applications; Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Nyquist techniques, Bode plots, root loci, lag, lead and lead-lag compensation
• Stability analysis, transient and frequency response analysis, state space model, state transition matrix, controllability and observability, linear state variable feedback, PID and industrial controllers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Single phase transformers, three phase transformers-connections, parallel operation, auto-transformer, energy conversion principles, DC machines-types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation
• Starting and speed control of motors, induction motors-principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control
• Synchronous machines-performance, regulation, parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications, servo and stepper motors

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Basic power generation concepts, steam, gas, and water turbines, transmission line models and performance, cable performance, insulation, corona and radio interference, power factor correction, symmetrical components, fault analysis
• Principles of protection systems, basics of solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers, radial and ring-main distribution systems, matrix representation of power systems, load flow analysis, voltage control and economic operation
• System stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion
• HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts, concepts of power system dynamics, distributed generation, solar and wind power, smart grid concepts, environmental implications, fundamentals of power economics

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs-static characteristics and principles of operation, triggering circuits, phase control rectifiers, bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled
• Principles of choppers and inverters, basis concepts of adjustable speed DC and AC drives, DC-DC switched mode converters, DC-AC switched mode converters, resonant converters, high frequency inductors and transformers, power supplies

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Basics of semiconductors; diode/ transistor basics and characteristics; diodes for different uses; junction and field effect transistors (BJTs, JFETs, MOSFETs); transistor amplifiers of different types, oscillators and other circuits
• Basics of integrated circuits (ICs); bipolar, MOS and CMOS ICs; basics of linear ICs, operational amplifiers and their applications-linear/ non-linear; optical sources/ detectors; basics of upto electronics and its applications

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• DC circuits-Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws, mesh and nodal analysis, circuit theorems; electro-magnetism, Faraday's and Lenz's laws, induced EMF and its uses; single-phase AC circuits; transformers, efficiency
• Basics-DC machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines; electrical power sources-basics: hydroelectric, thermal, nuclear, wind, solar; basics of batteries and their uses

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Electrical engineering materials; crystal structure and defects; ceramic materials-structures, composites, processing, and uses; insulating laminates for electronics, structures, properties, and uses
• Magnetic materials, basics, classification, ferrites, ferro/ paramagnetic materials and components; nano materials-basics, preparation, purification, sintering, nano particles, and uses; nanooptical/ magnetic/ electronic materials and uses
• Superconductivity, uses

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; analog and digital systems for measurement, measuring instruments for different applications; static/ dynamic characteristics of measurement systems, errors
• Statistical analysis and curve fitting; measurement systems for non-electrical quantities; basics of telemetry; different types of transducers and displays; data acquisition system basics

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Network graphs and matrices; Wye-Delta transformation; linear constant coefficient differential equations-time domain analysis of RLC circuits; solution of network equations using Laplace transforms-frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits
• 2-port network parameters-driving point and transfer functions; state equations for networks; steady state sinusoidal analysis

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTS and FETs; diode circuits for different uses; biasing and stability of BJT and JFET amplifier circuits; analysis/ design of amplifier-single/ multi-stage; feedback and uses
• Active filters, timers, multipliers, wave shaping, A/D-D/A converters; Boolean algebra and uses; logic gates, digital IC families, combinatorial/ sequential circuits
• Basics of multiplexers, counters/ registers/ memories / microprocessors, design and applications

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Random signals, noise, probability theory, information theory; analog versus digital communication and applications: Systems-AM, FM, transmitters/ receivers, theory/ practice/ standards, SNR comparison
• Digital communication basics: Sampling, quantizing, coding, PCM, DPCM, multiplexing-audio/ video; digital modulation: ASK, FSK, PSK; multiple access: TDMA, FDMA, CDMA; optical communication: Fibre optics, theory, practice/ standards

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Classification of signals and systems; application of signal and system theory; system realization; transforms and their applications; signal flow graphs, Routh-Hurwitz criteria, root loci, Nyquist/ Bode plots
• Feedback systems-open and close loop types, stability analysis, steady state, transient and frequency response analysis; design of control systems, compensators, elements of lead/ lag compensation, PID and industrial controllers

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Basic architecture, CPU, I/O organisation, memory organisation, peripheral devices, trends; hardware/ software issues; data representation and programming; operating systems-basics, processes, characteristics, applications
• Memory management, virtual memory, file systems, protection and security; data bases, different types, characteristics and design; transactions and concurrency control; elements of programming languages, typical examples

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Elements of vector calculus, Maxwell's equations-basic concepts; Gauss', Stokes' theorems; wave propagation through different media; transmission lines-different types, basics, Smith's chart, impedance matching/ transformation, S-parameters
• Pulse excitation, uses; waveguides-basics, rectangular types, modes, cut-off frequency, dispersion, dielectric types; antennas-radiation pattern, monopoles/ dipoles, gain, arrays-active/ passive, theory, uses

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• VLSI technology: Processing, lithography, interconnects, packaging, testing; VLSI design: Principles, MUX/ ROM/ PLA-based design, Moore and Mealy circuit design; pipeline concepts and functions
• Design for testability, examples; DSP: Discrete time signals/ systems, uses; digital filters: FIR/ IIR types, design, speech/ audio/ radar signal processing uses; microprocessors and microcontrollers, basics, interrupts, DMA, instruction sets, interfacing
• Controllers and uses; embedded systems

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Communication networks: Principles/ practices / technologies / uses / OSI model/ security; basic packet multiplexed streams/ scheduling; cellular networks, types, analysis, protocols (TCP/ TCPIP)
• Microwave and satellite communication: Terrestrial/ space type LOS systems, block schematics link calculations, system design; communication satellites, orbits, characteristics, systems, uses
• Fibre-optic communication systems, block schematics, link calculations, system design

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Fluid mechanics, open channel flow, pipe flow: Fluid properties; dimensional analysis and modeling; fluid dynamics including flow kinematics and measurements; flow net; Viscosity, boundary layer and control, drag, lift
• Fluid mechanics, open channel flow, pipe flow: Principles in open channel flow, flow controls. Hydraulic jump; surges; pipe networks
• Hydraulic machines and hydro power: Various pumps, air vessels, hydraulic turbines-types, classifications, and performance parameters; power house-classification and layout, storage, pondage, control of supply

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Hydrological cycle, ground water hydrology, well hydrology and related data analysis; streams and their gauging; river morphology; flood, drought, and their management; capacity of reservoirs
• Water resources engineering: Multipurpose uses of water, river basins and their potential; irrigation systems, water demand assessment; resources-storages and their yields; water logging, canal and drainage design, gravity dams, falls, weirs
• Water resources engineering: Energy dissipaters, barrage distribution works, cross drainage works and head-works and their design; concepts in canal design, construction and maintenance; river training, measurement and analysis of rainfall

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Water supply engineering: Sources, estimation, quality standards and testing of water and their treatment; rural, institutional, and industrial water supply; physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and sources of water
• Water supply engineering: Pollutants in water and its effects, estimation of water demand; drinking water standards, water treatment plants, water distribution network
• Waste water engineering: Planning and design of domestic waste water, sewage collection and disposal; plumbing systems. Components and layout of sewerage system; planning and design of domestic waste-water disposal system
• Waste water engineering: Sludge management including treatment, disposal, and re-use of treated effluents; industrial waste waters and effluent treatment plants including institutional and industrial sewage management
• Solid waste management: Sources and classification of solid wastes along with planning and design of its management system; disposal system, beneficial aspects of wastes and utilization by civil engineers
• Air, noise pollution, and ecology: Concepts and general methodology

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Geo-technical engineering: Soil exploration-planning and methods, properties of soil, classification, various tests and interrelationships; permeability and seepage, compressibility, consolidation, and shearing resistance
• Geo-technical engineering: Earth pressure theories and stress distribution in soil; properties and uses of geo-synthetics
• Foundation engineering: Types of foundations and selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement analysis, design and testing of shallow and deep foundations; slope stability analysis, earthen embankments
• Foundation engineering: Dams and earth retaining structures-types, analysis, and design, principles of ground modifications

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Surveying: Classification of surveys, various methodologies, instruments and analysis of measurement of distances, elevation and directions; field astronomy, global positioning system; map preparation; photogrammetry; remote sensing concepts
• Surveying: Survey layout for culverts, canals, bridges, road/ railway alignment and buildings, setting out of curves
• Geology: Basic knowledge of engineering geology and its application in projects

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Highways: Planning and construction methodology, alignment and geometric design; traffic surveys and controls; principles of flexible and rigid pavements design
• Tunneling: Alignment, methods of construction, disposal of muck, drainage, lighting and ventilation
• Railways systems: Terminology, planning, designs and maintenance practices; track modernization
• Harbours: Terminology, layouts, and planning
• Airports: Layout, planning, and design

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Basic concepts and properties of fluids, manometry, fluid statics, buoyancy, equations of motion, Bernoulli's equation and applications, viscous flow of incompressible fluids, laminar and turbulent flows, flow through pipes and head losses in pipes

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substance; zeroth, first, and second laws of thermodynamics; entropy, irreversibility, and availability
• Analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion: Rankine, Otto, diesel, and dual cycles; ideal and real gases; compressibility factor; gas mixtures
• Modes of heat transfer, steady and unsteady heat conduction, thermal resistance, fins, free and forced convection, correlations for convective heat transfer, radiative heat transfer-radiation heat transfer coefficient
• Boiling and condensation, heat exchanger performance analysis

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• SI and CI engines, engine systems and components, performance characteristics and testing of IC engines; fuels; emissions and emission control
• Vapour compression refrigeration, refrigerants and working cycles, compressors, condensers, evaporators and expansion devices, other types of refrigeration systems like vapour absorption, vapour jet, thermo electric and vortex tube refrigeration
• Psychometric properties and processes, comfort chart, comfort and industrial air conditioning, load calculations and heat pumps

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Reciprocating and rotary pumps, Pelton wheel, Kaplan and Francis turbines, velocity diagrams, impulse and reaction principles, steam and gas turbines, theory of jet propulsion-pulse jet and Ram jet engines
• Reciprocating and rotary compressors-theory and applications

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Rankine and Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat, fuels and their properties, flue gas analysis, boilers
• Steam turbines and other power plant components like condensers, air ejectors, electrostatic precipitators, and cooling towers-their theory and design, types, and applications

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Solar radiation, solar thermal energy collection-flat plate and focusing collectors their materials and performance
• Solar thermal energy storage, applications-heating, cooling, and power generation; solar photovoltaic conversion; harnessing of wind energy, biomass and tidal energy-methods and applications, working principles of fuel cells

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Analysis of system of forces, friction, centroid, and centre of gravity, dynamics; stresses and strains-compound stresses and strains, bending moment and shear force diagrams, theory of bending stresses, slope and deflection
• Torsion, thin and thick cylinders, spheres

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Basic crystallography, alloys and phase diagrams, heat treatment, ferrous and non ferrous metals, non-metallic materials, basics of nano-materials, mechanical properties and testing, corrosion prevention and control

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Types of kinematics pair, mobility, inversions, kinematic analysis, velocity and acceleration analysis of planar mechanisms, CAMs with uniform acceleration and retardation, cycloidal motion, oscillating followers
• Vibrations-free and forced vibration of undamped and damped SDOF systems, transmissibility ratio, vibration isolation, critical speed of shafts
• Law of gearing, involute profile, interference, helical, spiral, and worm gears, gear trains-simple, compound, and epicyclic; dynamic analysis-slider, crank mechanisms, turning moment computations, balancing of revolving and reciprocating masses
• Gyroscopes-effect of gyroscopic couple on automobiles, ships and aircrafts, governors

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as riveted, welded, and bolted joints
• Shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, flywheels

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Metal casting-metal forming, metal joining, machining and machine tool operations, limits, fits and tolerances, metrology and inspection, computer integrated manufacturing, FMS, production planning and control
• Inventory control and operations research-CPMPERT
• Failure concepts and characteristics-reliability, failure analysis, machine vibration, data acquisition, fault detection, vibration monitoring, field balancing of rotors, noise monitoring, wear and debris analysis, signature analysis
• Ndt techniques in condition monitoring

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Microprocessors and microcontrollers: Architecture, programming, I/O, computer interfacing, programmable logic controller
• Sensors 22 and actuators, piezoelectric accelerometer, hall effect sensor, optical encoder, resolver, inductosyn, pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, stepper motor, control Systems-mathematical modeling of physical systems, control signals
• controllability and observability
• Robotics, robot classification, robot specification, notation; direct and inverse kinematics; homogeneous coordinates and arm equation of four axis SCARA robot

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Matrix theory, eigen values and eigen vectors, system of linear equations, numerical methods for solution of non-linear algebraic equations and differential equations, integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima
• Line, surface and volume integrals
• Fourier series, linear, non-linear and partial differential equations, initial and boundary value problems, complex variables, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem, probability and statistics fundamentals, sampling theorem, random variables
• Normal and Poisson distributions, correlation and regression analysis

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Electrical engineering materials, crystal structures and defects, ceramic materials, insulating materials, magnetic materials-basics, properties, and applications; ferrities, ferro-magnetic materials and components
• Basics of solid state physics, conductors; photoconductivity; basics of nano materials and superconductors

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Circuit elements, network graph, KCL, KVL, node, and mesh analysis, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin's, Norton's, superposition and maximum power transfer theorems, transient response of DC and AC networks, sinusoidal steady state analysis
• Basic filter concepts, two-port networks, three phase circuits, magnetically coupled circuits, Gauss theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Ampere's and Biot-Savart's laws
• Inductance, dielectrics, capacitance; Maxwell's equations

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; bridges and potentiometers; moving coil, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments, measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor, instrument transformers
• Digital voltmeters and multi-meters, phase, time and frequency measurement, Q-meters, oscilloscopes, potentiometric recorders, error analysis, Basics of sensors, transducers, basics of data acquisition systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Number systems, Boolean algebra, arithmetic functions, basic architecture, central processing unit, I/O and memory organisation; peripheral devices, data representation and programming, basics of operating system and networking, virtual memory
• File systems; elements of programming languages, typical examples

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Basics of semiconductor diodes and transistors and characteristics, junction and field effect transistors (BJT, FET, and MOSFETS), different types of transistor amplifiers, equivalent circuits and frequency response; oscillators and other circuits
• Feedback amplifiers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Operational amplifiers-characteristics and applications, combinational and sequential logic circuits, multiplexers, multi-vibrators, sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters, basics of filter circuits and applications, simple active filters
• Microprocessor basics-interfaces and applications, basics of linear integrated circuits; analog communication basics, modulation and demodulation, noise and bandwidth, transmitters and receivers, signal to noise ratio, digital communication basics
• Sampling, quantizing, coding, frequency and time domain multiplexing, power line carrier communication systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals, shifting and scaling operations, linear, time-invariant and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals, sampling theorem, Fourier and Laplace transforms
• Z transforms, discrete Fourier transform, FFT, linear convolution, discrete cosine transform, FIR filter, IIR filter, bilinear transformation

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Principles of feedback, transfer function, block diagrams and signal flow graphs, steady-state errors, transforms and their applications; Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Nyquist techniques, Bode plots, root loci, lag, lead and lead-lag compensation
• Stability analysis, transient and frequency response analysis, state space model, state transition matrix, controllability and observability, linear state variable feedback, PID and industrial controllers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Single phase transformers, three phase transformers-connections, parallel operation, auto-transformer, energy conversion principles, DC machines-types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation
• Starting and speed control of motors, induction motors-principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control
• Synchronous machines-performance, regulation, parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications, servo and stepper motors

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Basic power generation concepts, steam, gas, and water turbines, transmission line models and performance, cable performance, insulation, corona and radio interference, power factor correction, symmetrical components, fault analysis
• Principles of protection systems, basics of solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers, radial and ring-main distribution systems, matrix representation of power systems, load flow analysis, voltage control and economic operation
• System stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion
• HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts, concepts of power system dynamics, distributed generation, solar and wind power, smart grid concepts, environmental implications, fundamentals of power economics

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs-static characteristics and principles of operation, triggering circuits, phase control rectifiers, bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled
• Principles of choppers and inverters, basis concepts of adjustable speed DC and AC drives, DC-DC switched mode converters, DC-AC switched mode converters, resonant converters, high frequency inductors and transformers, power supplies

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Basics of semiconductors; diode/ transistor basics and characteristics; diodes for different uses; junction and field effect transistors (BJTs, JFETs, MOSFETs); transistor amplifiers of different types, oscillators and other circuits
• Basics of integrated circuits (ICs); bipolar, MOS and CMOS ICs; basics of linear ICs, operational amplifiers and their applications-linear/ non-linear; optical sources/ detectors; basics of upto electronics and its applications

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• DC circuits-Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws, mesh and nodal analysis, circuit theorems; electro-magnetism, Faraday's and Lenz's laws, induced EMF and its uses; single-phase AC circuits; transformers, efficiency
• Basics-DC machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines; electrical power sources-basics: hydroelectric, thermal, nuclear, wind, solar; basics of batteries and their uses

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Electrical engineering materials; crystal structure and defects; ceramic materials-structures, composites, processing, and uses; insulating laminates for electronics, structures, properties, and uses
• Magnetic materials, basics, classification, ferrites, ferro/ paramagnetic materials and components; nano materials-basics, preparation, purification, sintering, nano particles, and uses; nanooptical/ magnetic/ electronic materials and uses
• Superconductivity, uses

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; analog and digital systems for measurement, measuring instruments for different applications; static/ dynamic characteristics of measurement systems, errors
• Statistical analysis and curve fitting; measurement systems for non-electrical quantities; basics of telemetry; different types of transducers and displays; data acquisition system basics

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Network graphs and matrices; Wye-Delta transformation; linear constant coefficient differential equations-time domain analysis of RLC circuits; solution of network equations using Laplace transforms-frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits
• 2-port network parameters-driving point and transfer functions; state equations for networks; steady state sinusoidal analysis

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTS and FETs; diode circuits for different uses; biasing and stability of BJT and JFET amplifier circuits; analysis/ design of amplifier-single/ multi-stage; feedback and uses
• Active filters, timers, multipliers, wave shaping, A/D-D/A converters; Boolean algebra and uses; logic gates, digital IC families, combinatorial/ sequential circuits
• Basics of multiplexers, counters/ registers/ memories / microprocessors, design and applications

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Random signals, noise, probability theory, information theory; analog versus digital communication and applications: Systems-AM, FM, transmitters/ receivers, theory/ practice/ standards, SNR comparison
• Digital communication basics: Sampling, quantizing, coding, PCM, DPCM, multiplexing-audio/ video; digital modulation: ASK, FSK, PSK; multiple access: TDMA, FDMA, CDMA; optical communication: Fibre optics, theory, practice/ standards

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Classification of signals and systems; application of signal and system theory; system realization; transforms and their applications; signal flow graphs, Routh-Hurwitz criteria, root loci, Nyquist/ Bode plots
• Feedback systems-open and close loop types, stability analysis, steady state, transient and frequency response analysis; design of control systems, compensators, elements of lead/ lag compensation, PID and industrial controllers

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Basic architecture, CPU, I/O organisation, memory organisation, peripheral devices, trends; hardware/ software issues; data representation and programming; operating systems-basics, processes, characteristics, applications
• Memory management, virtual memory, file systems, protection and security; data bases, different types, characteristics and design; transactions and concurrency control; elements of programming languages, typical examples

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Elements of vector calculus, Maxwell's equations-basic concepts; Gauss', Stokes' theorems; wave propagation through different media; transmission lines-different types, basics, Smith's chart, impedance matching/ transformation, S-parameters
• Pulse excitation, uses; waveguides-basics, rectangular types, modes, cut-off frequency, dispersion, dielectric types; antennas-radiation pattern, monopoles/ dipoles, gain, arrays-active/ passive, theory, uses

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• VLSI technology: Processing, lithography, interconnects, packaging, testing; VLSI design: Principles, MUX/ ROM/ PLA-based design, Moore and Mealy circuit design; pipeline concepts and functions
• Design for testability, examples; DSP: Discrete time signals/ systems, uses; digital filters: FIR/ IIR types, design, speech/ audio/ radar signal processing uses; microprocessors and microcontrollers, basics, interrupts, DMA, instruction sets, interfacing
• Controllers and uses; embedded systems

Electronics and telecommunication engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Communication networks: Principles/ practices / technologies / uses / OSI model/ security; basic packet multiplexed streams/ scheduling; cellular networks, types, analysis, protocols (TCP/ TCPIP)
• Microwave and satellite communication: Terrestrial/ space type LOS systems, block schematics link calculations, system design; communication satellites, orbits, characteristics, systems, uses
• Fibre-optic communication systems, block schematics, link calculations, system design