JK SET 2023 - Latest News, Application Form, Eligibility, Admit Card, Result

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General		Online	Transgender, Male, Female	₹ 1100
General, OBC, SC, ST	PWD	Online	Male, Female	₹ 880
SC, ST		Online	Male, Female	₹ 660

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I -

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 01

Teaching aptitude
Teaching: Concept, objectives, characteristics, and basic requirements; learner’s characteristics; factors affecting teaching related to; methods of teaching; teaching aid; evaluation system

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 02

Research aptitude
Research: Meaning, characteristics and types; steps of research; methods of research; research ethics; paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference, and symposium; thesis writing: Its characteristics and format

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 03

Reading comprehension
Passage

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 04

Communication
Communication: Nature, characteristics, types, barriers, and effective classroom communication

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 05

Reasoning (including mathematical)
Number series; letter series; codes; relationships; classification

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 06

Logical reasoning
Understanding the structure of arguments; evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning; verbal analogies: Word analogy-applied analogy; verbal classification; reasoning logical diagrams: Simple diagrammatic relationship
Reasoning logical diagrams: Multi-diagrammatic relationship; Venn diagram; analytical reasoning

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 07

Data interpretation
Sources, acquisition, and interpretation of data; quantitative and qualitative data; graphical representation and mapping of data

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 08

Information and communication technology (ICT)
ICT: Meaning, advantages, disadvantages, and uses; general abbreviations and terminology; basics of internet and e-mailing

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 09

People and environment
People and environment interaction; sources of pollution; pollutants and their impact on human life, exploitation of natural and energy resources; natural hazards and mitigation

General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I: Unit 10

Higher education system: Governance, polity, and administration
Structure of the institutions for higher learning and research in India; formal and distance education; professional/ technical and general education; value education: Governance, polity, and administration; concept, institutions, and their interactions

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II +

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 01

Rise of Islam
Pre-Islamic Arabia, Prophet Muhammad and his life at Makkah, his migration to Madinah, Prophet’s life at Madinah, formulation of social system at Madinah (early phase), basic teachings of Islamic faith, formation of Islamic state at Madinah
Socio-economic and political system of Islam, achievements of Prophet Muhammad

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 02

Khilafat-e-Rashidah
Institution of Khilafat, Hazrat Abu Bakr: Life and achievements, Hazrat Umar: Life and the administration, expansion, and consolidation of Islamic state during the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman: Life and political problems faced by him
Hazrat Ali: His life and internal conflicts, general assessment of Khilafat-e-Rashidah

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 03

The Umayyads
Establishment of Umayyad dynasty, the policy of Arab nationalism adopted by the Umayyads, social conditions under the Umayyad rule, expansion and consolidation of the state system of education under the Umayyads
Development of Arabic language and literature, art and architecture under the Umayyads, decline of the Umayyad rule

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 04

The Abbasids
Establishment of Abbasid rule, important Caliphs and achievements, socio-cultural and religious developments, development of education, progress in the fields of various sciences and literature, contribution of Abbasids to fine arts
Art and architecture under Abbasids, decline of Abbasid rule

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 05

The Quran
The collection and compilation of Quran, ethical and philosophical teachings, socioeconomic and political teachings, the origin and development of Tafsir literature, important commentators: Mohammed Bin-Jarir al-Tabari, Razi, Zamakhshari
Important commentators: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Abul Ala Maududi, Abul Kalam Azad, Ashraf Ali Thanvi

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 06

The Hadith and Islamic jurisprudence
Process of collection and compilation of Hadith, early collections of Hadith, transmission and scrutiny of Hadith, major collection of Hadith, genesis of Islamic Fiqh and its development, source of Islamic law, schools of Islamic law
Contemporary problem and Islamic Fiqh

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 07

Dynasties of the east and the west
Idrisis and Aghlabids, Tulunids and Ikhshidies, Hamadanis and Tahirids, Samanis and Safavids, Anacharis and Pahlavis, Ghaznavids, Seljuks and Khwarizmi Shahids

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 08

Medieval Arab states
Fatimids, Zangids, Nurids, Ayyubids, Mamluks

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 09

Iran
Iranian society on the eve of Islam, emergence and spread of Islam in Iran, development of Islamic sciences, religious idea: Ithna Ashari, Ismailis, Usulis, Babis and Bahais, development of Persian literature, contribution of art and architecture
Revolution of 1979

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 10

Arabs in Spain
Conquest of Spain, Umayyad rule in Spain, socio-cultural development in Spain, intellectual, educational and literary development in Spain, art and architecture under Umayyads in Spain, Cordova and Granada, decline of Umayyad rule in Spain

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 11

Ottoman empire
Establishment of Ottoman empire, rise of Ottomans, important Ottoman rulers, contribution of Ottoman to various sciences, contribution of Ottoman to art and architecture, decline of Ottoman empire

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 12

Muslim contribution to various sciences
Medicine, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, historiography, geography, rational sciences

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 13

Muslim contribution to art and architecture
Painting, calligraphy, music, glass work, pottery, engraving, handicraft, salient features of Islamic architecture

Arab culture and Islamic studies-paper-II: Unit 14

Important Islamic thinker
Mawardi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Waliullah, Syed Qutub Shaheed, Hassan al-Banna, Allama Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Muhammad Abduh

Arabic-Paper-II +

Arabic-Paper-II: Unit 01

History of Arabic language and literature

Arabic-Paper-II: Unit 02

Principle of literary criticism

Arabic-Paper-II: Unit 03

General knowledge

Computer science and application-paper-II +

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 01

Discrete structures
Sets, relations, functions
Pigeonhole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, equivalence, and partial orderings, elementary counting techniques, probability
Measure (s) for information and mutual information
Computability: Models of computation-finite automata, pushdown automata, non-determinism and NFA, DPDA, AND PDAS and languages accepted by these structures. Grammars, languages, non-computability and examples of non-computable problems
Graph: Definition, walks, paths, trails, connected graphs, regular and bipartite graphs, cycles and circuits. Tree and rooted tree. Spanning trees. Eccentricity of a vertex radius and diameter of a graph. Central graphs. Centre (s) of a tree
Graph: Hamiltonian and Eulerian graphs, planar graphs
Groups: Finite fields and error correcting/ detecting codes

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 02

Computer arithmetic
Propositional (Boolean) logic, predicate logic, well-formed-formulae (WFF), satisfiability and tautology
Logic families: TTL, ECL, and CMOS gates. Boolean algebra and minimization of Boolean functions, flip-flops-types, race condition, and comparison. Design of combinational and sequential circuits
Representation of integers: Octal, hex, decimal, and binary. 2's complement and 1's complement arithmetic. Floating point representation

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 03

Programming in C and C++
Programming in C: Elements of C-tokens, identifiers, data types in C. Control structures in C, Sequence, selection, and iteration (s). Structured data types in C-arrays, struct, union, string, and pointers
0-0 programming concepts: Class, object, instantiation. Inheritance, polymorphism, and overloading
C++ programming: Elements of C++-tokens, identifiers. Variables and constants, data types, operators, control statements. Functions parameter passing. Class and objects. Constructors and destructors. Overloading, inheritance, templates, exception handling

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 04

Relational database design and SQL
E-R diagrams and their transformation to relational design, normalization-INF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF. Limitations of 4NF and BCNF
SQL: Data definition language (DDL), data manipulation language (DML), data control language (DCL) commands. Database objects like-views, indexes, sequences, synonyms, data dictionary

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 05

Data and file structures
Data, information, definition of data structure
Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, graphs, priority queues, and heaps
File structures: Fields, records, and files. Sequential, direct, index-sequential, and relative files. Hashing, inverted lists and multi-lists. B trees and Bᶧ trees

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 06

Computer networks
Network fundamentals: Local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), wide area networks (WAN), wireless networks, inter networks
Reference models: The OSI model, TCP/ IP model
Data communication: Channel capacity. Transmission media-twisted pair, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, wireless transmission-radio, microwave, infrared, and millimeter waves. Light wave transmission. Telephones-local loop, trunks, multiplexing
Data communication: Telephones-switching, narrowband ISDN, broadband ISDN, ATM, high speed LANS. Cellular radio. Communication satellites-geosynchronous and low-orbit
Internetworking: Switch/ hub, bridge, router, gateways, concatenated virtual circuits, tunnelling, fragmentation, firewalls
Routing: Virtual circuits and datagrams. Routing algorithms. Congestion control
Network security: Cryptography-public key, secret key. Domain name system (DNS)-electronic mail and worldwide web (WWW). The DNS, resource records, name servers. E-mail-architecture and serves

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 07

System software and compilers
Assembly language fundamentals (8085 based assembly language programming)
Assemblers-2-pass and single-pass
Macros and macro processors
Loading, linking, relocation, program relocatability
Linkage editing
Text editors
Programming environments
Debuggers and program generators
Compilation and interpretation
Bootstrap compilers
Phases of compilation process
Lexical analysis
Lex package on unix system
Context free grammars
Parsing and parse trees
Representation of parse (derivation) trees as rightmost and leftmost derivations
Bottom up parsers-shift-reduce, operator precedence, and LR
Yacc package on unix system
Top down parsers-left recursion and its removal
Recursive descent parser
Predictive parser, intermediate codes-quadruples, triples, intermediate code generation, code generation, code optimization

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 08

Operating systems (with case study of unix)
Main functions of operating systems
Multiprogramming, multiprocessing, and multitasking
Memory management: Virtual memory, paging, fragmentation
Concurrent processing: Mutual exclusion. Critical regions, lock, and unlock
Scheduling: CPU scheduling, I/O scheduling, resource scheduling, deadlock and scheduling algorithms. Banker's algorithm for deadlock handling
UNIX: The Unix system-file system, process management, Bourne shell, shell variables, command line programming. Filters and commands: Pr, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, uniq, tr, join, etc, grep, egrep, fgrep, etc, sed, awk, etc
UNIX: System calls (like): Create, open, close, read, write, iseek, link, unlink, stat, fstat, umask, chmod, exec, fork, wait, system

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 09

Software engineering
System development life cycle (SDLO): Steps, waterfall model, prototypes, spiral model
Software metrics: Software project management
Software design: System design, detailed design, function oriented design, object oriented design, user interface design. Design level metrics
Coding and testing: Testing level metrics. Software quality and reliability. Clean room approach, software reengineering

Computer science and application-paper-II: Unit 10

Current trends and technologies
The topics of current interest in computer science and computer applications shall be covered. The experts shall use their judgment from time to time to include the topics of popular interest
Which are expected to be known for an application development software professional, currently, they include: Parallel computing-Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) libraries and calls. Advanced architectures
Parallel computing: Today's fastest computers
Mobile computing: Mobile connectivity-cells, framework, wireless delivery technology, and switching methods, mobile information access devices, mobile data internetworking standards, cellular data communication protocols, mobile computing applications
Mobile computing: Mobile databases-protocols, scope, tools, and technology. M-business
E-technologies: Electronic commerce-framework, media convergence of applications, consumer applications, organization applications. Electronic payment systems: Digital token, smart cards, credit cards, risks in electronic payment system
E-technologies: Electronic payment systems-designing electronic payment systems. Electronic data interchange (EDI): Concepts, applications, (legal, security and privacy) issues, EDI and electronic commerce, standardization and EDI
E-technologies: Electronic data interchange (EDI)-EDI software implementation, EDI envelope for message transport, internet-based EDI. Digital libraries and data warehousing: Concepts, types of digital documents, Issues behind document infrastructure
E-technologies: Digital libraries and data warehousing-corporate data warehouses, Software agents: Characteristics and properties of agents, technology behind software agents (applets, browsers and software agents). Broadband telecommunications: Concepts
E-technologies: Broadband telecommunications-frame relay, cell relay, switched multimegabit data service, asynchronous transfer mode. Main concepts in geographical information system (GIS), e-cash, e-business, ERP packages
E-technologies: Data warehousing-data warehouse environment, architecture of a data warehouse methodology, analysis, design, construction, and administration. Data mining: Extracting models and patterns from large databases, data mining techniques
E-technologies: Data mining-classification, regression, clustering, summarization, dependency modelling, link analysis, sequencing analysis, mining scientific, and business data
Windows programming: Introduction to windows programming-Win32, Microsoft foundation classes (MFC), documents, and views, resources, message handling in windows
Simple applications (in windows): Scrolling, splitting views, docking toolbars, status bars, common dialogs
Advanced windows programming: Multiple document interface (MDI), multithreading. Object linking and embedding (OLE). Activex controls. Active template library (ATL). Network programming

Economics-Paper-II +

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 01

Microeconomic analysis
Demand analysis-Marshallian, Hicksian, and revealed preference approaches, theory of production and costs, pricing and output under different forms of market structure, factor pricing analysis, elements of general equilibrium and new welfare economics

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 02

Macroeconomic analysis
Determination of output and employment-classical approach, Keynesian approach, consumption hypotheses, demand for money-Fisher and Cambridge versions, approaches of Keynesian, Friedman, Patinkin, Baumol, and Tobin
Supply of money, determinants of money supply, high-powered money, money multiplier, Phillips curve analysis, business cycles-models of Samuelson, Hicks, and Kaldor
Macroeconomic equilibrium-relative roles of monetary and fiscal policies

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 03

Development and planning
Economic growth, economic development and sustainable development-importance of institutions-government and markets-perpetuation of underdevelopment-vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, structural view of underdevelopment
Measurement of development conventional, HDI and quality of life indices, theories of development-classical, Marx, and Schumpeter; economic growth-Harrod-Domar model, instability of equilibrium, neoclassical growth-Solow’s model, steady state growth
Approaches to development: Balanced growth, critical minimum effort, Big push, unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth, low income equilibrium trap, indicators and measurement of poverty
Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development-choice of techniques and appropriate technology, investment criteria, elementary idea of cost-benefit analysis, trade and aid-international trade as ‘engine of growth’
Trade and aid-globalization and LDC’s, objectives and role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development, techniques of planning; plan models in India; planning in a market-oriented economy

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 04

Public finance
Role of the government in economic activity-allocation, distribution, and stabilization functions; private, public, and merit goods, the public budgets-kinds of budgets, zero-base budgeting, different concepts of budget deficits
The public budgets-budgets of the union government of India, public expenditure-hypotheses; effects and evaluation, public revenue-different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxation; elasticity and buoyancy
Public revenue-taxable capacity, public debt-sources, effects, burden and its management, fiscal federalism-theory and problems; problems of centre-state financial relations in India, fiscal policy-neutral and compensatory and functional finance
Fiscal policy-balanced budget multiplier

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 05

International economics
Theories of international trade: Empirical verification and relevance, international trade under imperfect competition, terms of trade and economic growth-secular, deterioration of terms of trade hypothesis-a critical review
Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in balance of payment-traditional, absorption and monetary approaches for adjustment in the balance of payments, foreign trade multiplier, impact of tariffs, partial, and general equilibrium analysis
Equilibrium/ disequilibrium in balance of payment-political economy of non-tariff barriers, theory of regionalism at global level-collapse of Bretton-wood system, recent monetary reforms, trade policy and reforms in India

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 06

Indian economy
Basic economic indicators-national income, performance of different sectors, trends in prices and money supply, agriculture-institutional and technological aspects, new agriculture policy, industry-new industrial policy and liberalization
Money and banking-concepts of money supply, inflation, monetary policy and financial sector, reforms, public finance-trends in revenue and expenditures of the central and state government, public debt; analysis of the union budget
Foreign trade-trends, balance of payments and trade reforms, poverty, unemployment, migration, and environment

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 07

Statistical methods
Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, elementary theory of probability-binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions, simple correlation and regression analysis, statistical inferences-applications
Statistical inferences-sampling distributions (t, x², and f tests), sampling of attributes, testing of hypothesis, index numbers and time series analysis, sampling and census methods, types of sampling and errors

Education-paper-II +

Education-paper-II: Unit 01

Philosophical foundation of education
Relationship of education and philosophy: Western schools of philosophy-idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, existentialism, Marxism with special reference to the concepts of knowledge, reality and values their educational implications for aims
Relationship of education and philosophy: Western schools of philosophy-contents and methods of education. Indian schools of philosophy: (Sankhya, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism, Islamic traditions) with special reference to the concept of knowledge
Relationship of education and philosophy: Indian schools of philosophy-with special reference to the concept of reality and values and their educational implications, contributions of Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi, and Aurobindo to educational thinking
Relationship of education and philosophy: Indian schools of philosophy-national values as enshrined in the Indian constitution, and their educational implications, modern concept of philosophy: Analysis-logical analysis
Relationship of education and philosophy: Modern concept of philosophy-logical empiricism, and positive relativism-(Morris L. Bigge)

Education-paper-II: Unit 02

Sociological foundations of education
Relationship of sociology and education, meaning and nature of educational sociology and sociology of education, education-as a social sub-system, specific characteristics, education and the home
Education and the community with special reference to Indian society, education and modernization, education and politics, education and religion, education and culture, education and democracy, socialization of the child
Meaning and nature of social change, education as related to social stratification and social mobility, education as related to social equity and equality of educational opportunities
Constraints on social change in India (caste, ethnicity, class, language, religion, regionalism), education of the socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society with special reference to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
Women and rural population

Education-paper-II: Unit 03

Psychological foundations of education
Relationship of education and psychology, process of growth and development-physical, social, emotional, and intellectual, development of concept formation, logical reasoning, problem solving and creative thinking; language development
Process of growth and development-individual differences-determinants; role of heredity and environment; implications of individual differences for organizing educational programmes, intelligence-its theories and measurement
Learning and motivation: Theories of learning-Thorndike is connectionism; Pavlov's classical and Skinner's operant conditioning; learning by insight; Hull's reinforcement theory and Tolman's theory of learning
Learning and motivation: Lewin's-field theory-Gagne's hierarchy of learning, factors influencing learning, learning and motivation, transfer of learning and its theories, psychology and education of exceptional children-creative, gifted, backward
Psychology and education of exceptional children-learning disabled, and mentally retarded, personality-type and trait theories, measurement of personality, mental health and hygiene-process of adjustment, conflicts and defence mechanism
Mental health and hygiene-mental hygiene and mental health
Sex education guidance

Education-paper-II: Unit 04

Methodology of educational research
Nature and scope of educational research: Meaning and nature, need and purpose, scientific inquiry and theory development-some emerging trends in research fundamental-applied and action research
Formulation of research problem: Criteria and sources for identifying the problem, delineating and operationalizing variables, developing assumptions and hypothesis in various types of research
Collection of data: Concept of population and sample, various methods of sampling, characteristics of a good sample
Tools and techniques: Characteristics of a good research tool, types of research tools and techniques and their uses, questionnaire-interviews-observations, tests and scales, projective, and sociometric techniques
Major approaches to research: Descriptive research, ex-post facto research, laboratory experiment, field experiment, field studies, historical research
Analysis of data: Descriptive and inferential statistics. The null hypothesis. Test of significance, types of error, one-tailed, and two-tailed tests, the t-test, the F-test (one-way and ANOVA), non-parametric tests (chi-square test)
Analysis of data: Biserial, point-biserial, tetrachoric and phi-coefficient of correlation, partial and multiple correlations

English-Paper-II +

English-Paper-II: Unit 01

Chaucer to Shakespeare

English-Paper-II: Unit 02

Jacobean to restoration periods

English-Paper-II: Unit 03

Augustan age: 18th century literature

English-Paper-II: Unit 04

Romantic period

English-Paper-II: Unit 05

Victorian period

English-Paper-II: Unit 06

Modern period

English-Paper-II: Unit 07

Contemporary period

English-Paper-II: Unit 08

American and other non-British literatures

English-Paper-II: Unit 09

Literary theory and criticism

English-Paper-II: Unit 10

Rhetoric and prosody

Geography-Paper-II +

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 01

Geomorphology
Fundamental concepts; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; denudation and weathering; geosynclines, continental drift and plate tectonics; concept of geomorphic cycle; landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal, and karst cycles

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 02

Climatology
Composition and structure of the atmosphere; heat budget of the earth; distribution of temperature; atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; monsoon and jet stream; tropical and temperate cyclones; classification of world climates
Koppen’s and thornthwaite’s schemes

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 03

Oceanography
Ocean deposits; coral reefs; temperature and sanity of the oceans; density of seawater; tides and ocean currents
Biogeography: World distribution of plants and animals; forms and functions of ecosystem; conservation and management of ecosystems; problems of pollution

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 04

Geographic thought
General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period; foundations of modern geography, determinism and possibilism; areal differentiation and spatial organization

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 05

Population geography
Patterns of world distribution; growth and density of population; patterns and processes of migration; demographic transition
Settlement geography: Site, situation, types, size, spacing, and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; city-region; primate city; Rank-size rule; settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s central place theory
Settlement geography: August Lösch's theory of market centres

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 06

Economic geography
Sectors of economy: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary; natural resources; renewable and non-renewable
Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; crop combination and diversification; Von Thunen’s model
Classification of industries: Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; resource based and footloose industries
Models of transportation and transport cost: Accessibility and connectivity

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 07

Political geography
Heartland and Rimland theories; boundaries and frontiers; nature of administrative areas and geography of public policy and finance
Social geography: Ethnicity; tribe; dialect; language, caste and religion; concept of social well-being
Cultural geography: Culture-areas and cultural regions; human races; habitat; economy and society of tribal groups

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 08

Regional planning
Regional concept in geography; concept of planning regions; types of regions; methods of regional delineation; regional planning in India; indicators of development; regional imbalances; evolution
Nature and scope of town planning with special reference to India, and fundamentals of town and country planning

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 09

Geography of India
Physiographic divisions; climate: Its regional variations; vegetation types and vegetation regions; major soil types; irrigation and agriculture; population distribution and growth; settlement patterns; mineral and power resources
Major industries and industrial regions

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 10

Cartography
Types of maps: Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; choropleth; isopleth and chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; mapping of location-specific data; accessibility and flow maps
Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS)
Statistical methods: Data sources and types of data; frequency distribution and cumulative frequency; measures of central tendency; selection of class intervals for mapping; measures of dispersion and concentration; standard deviation; Lorenz curve
Methods of measuring association among different attributes; simple and multiple correlation; regression
Nearest-neighbour analysis; scaling techniques; rank score; weighted score; sampling techniques for geographical analysis

History-Paper-II +

History-Paper-II: Unit 01

Concepts, ideas, and terms
Bhartvarsha, Kara/ Vishti, Sabha And Samiti, Stridhana, Varnasrama, memorial stones, Purusharthas, Agraharas, Rina, Khilafat, Samskaras, Sulah-I-Kul, Yajna, Maharashtra-Dharma, doctrine of karma, Turkan-I-Chahlghani, Dandaniti/ Arthasastra, Watan
Saptanga, Baluta, Dharmavijaya, Iqta, Stupa/ Chaitya, Jizyah, Nagara/ Dravida/ Vesara, Madad-I-Maash, Bodhisattva/ Tirthankara, Amaram, Alvars/ Nayanars, Raya-Rekho, Sreni, Jangama, Chauth, Dyarchy, Hundi (Bills Of Exchange), federalism, Sarraf
Utilitarianism, polygars, filtration theory, Jagir, forward policy, Dastur, doctrine of lapse, Mansab (rank), Satyagraha, Deshmukh, Swadeshi, Nadu, revivalism, Pargana, communalism, Bengal Vaishnavism, orientalism, Alt Magha, de-industrialisation
Shahna-i-mandi, subsidiary alliance, mercantilism, evangelicalism, economic nationalism, Bhudan, Indian renaissance, Panchsheel, economic drain, mixed economy, colonialism, Indian left, paramountcy, Hindu code bill

History-Paper-II: Unit 02

Ancient Indian history
Sources: Archaeological sources, exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments, literary sources, indigenous: Primary and secondary-problems of dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientific literature, literature in regional languages
Sources: Indigenous-religious literature. Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese, and Arab writers
Pre-history and proto-history: Man and environment-geographical factors. Hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic). Indus valley civilization-origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline
Pre-history and proto-history: Indus valley civilization-survival and significance. Iron age: Second urbanization
Vedic period: Migrations and settlements: Dating the Vedic, literary and archaeological evidences, evolution of social and political institutions; religious and philosophical ideas, rituals, and practices
Period of Mahajanapadas: Formation of states (Mahajanapadas); republics and monarchies; rise of urban centres; trade routes; economic growth; introduction of coinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; rise of Magadha and Nandas
Period of Mahajanapadas: Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact
Mauryan empire: Foundation of the Mauryan empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya, and Arthashastra; Ashoka; concept of Dharma; edicts; Brahmi, and Kharosthi scripts. Administration; economy; architecture and sculpture; external contacts
Mauryan empire: Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas
Post-mauryan period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans, western Kshatrapas): Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art and architecture, literature, and science
Early state and society-in eastern India, Deccan, and South India: Kharavela, the Satavahanas, Tamil states of the Sangam age, administration; economy, land grants; coinage, trade guilds and urban centres, Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture
Early state and society-in eastern India, Deccan, and South India: Art and architecture
Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Guptas and Vakatakas, Harsha, administration, economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas, land grants, decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, caste system, position of women
Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Education and educational institutions-Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact with neighbouring countries-central Asia, south-east Asia, and China, sanskrit literature, scientific literature
Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Contact with neighbouring countries-art and architecture. The Kadambas, Gangas, Pallavas, and Chalukyas of Badami-administration, trade guilds, Sanskrit literature and growth of regional languages and scripts
Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions, Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya-Vedanta; institutions of temple and temple architecture. Varmanas of Kamrup; Palas and Senas, Rashtrakutas, Pratiharas
Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Kalachuri-Chedis; Paramaras; Chalukyas of Gujarat; Arab contacts-Ghaznavi conquest, Alberuni. The Chalukyas of kalyana, Cholas, Cheras, Hoysalas, Pandyas-administration and local government
Imperial Guptas and regional states of India: Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society, contact with Sri Lanka and south-East Asia

History-Paper-II: Unit 03

Medieval Indian history
Sources: Archaeological, epigraphic, and numismatic materials and monuments. Chronicles. Literary sources-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages. Archival materials. Foreign travelers' accounts
Political developments: The Sultanate-the Ghorids, the Turks, the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids and the Lodis, foundation of the Mughal empire-Babur, Humayun, and the Suris; expansion from Akbar to Aurangzeb. Decline of the Mughal empire-political
Political developments: Decline of the Mughal empire-administrative and economic causes. Later Mughals and disintegration of the Mughal empire. The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis-rise, expansion and disintegration. The Maratha movement
Political developments: The foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its expansion under the Peshwas; Maratha confederacy-causes of decline
Administration: Administration under the Sultanate-civil, judicial, revenue, fiscal and military. Sher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughal; administration-land revenue and other sources of income; Mansabdari and Jagirdari
Administration: Administrative system in the Deccan-the Vijayanagara, the Bahmanis and the Marathas
Economic aspects: Agricultural production-village economy; peasantry. Urban centres and population. Industries-cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organization, factories, technology. Trade and commerce-state policies
Economic aspects: Internal and external trade; European trade, trade centres and ports, transport and communication. Financing trade, commerce, and industries; Hundi (bills of exchange) and insurance. Currency
Socio-religious movements: The Sufis-their orders, beliefs, and practices, the leading Sufi saints. Bhakti cult-Shaivism and its branches; Vaishnavism and its branches
Socio-religious movements: The Saints of the medieval period-north and south-their impact on socio political and religious life. The Sikh movement-Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa
Society: Classification-ruling class, major religious groups, the mercantile and professional classes. Rural society-petty chieftains, village officials, cultivators, and non-cultivating classes, artisans. Position of women
Cultural life: System of educational and its motivations. Literature-Persian, Sanskrit, and regional languages. Fine arts-major schools of painting; music. Architectural developments of north and south India; Indo-Islamic architecture

History-Paper-II: Unit 04

Modern Indian history
Sources and historiography: Archival materials, biographies, and memories, newspapers. Oral evidence, creative literature and painting. Concerns in modern Indian historiography-imperialist, nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern
Rise of British power: European traders in India in the 17th and 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British. The establishment and expansion of British dominion in India
Rise of British power: British relations with and subjugation of the principal Indian powers-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and the Sikhs
Administration of the company and crown: Evolution of central and provincial structure under the East India Company, 1773-1853. Paramountcy, civil service, judiciary, police, and the army under the company and crown. Local self-government
Administration of the company and crown: Constitutional changes, 1909-1935
Economic history: Changing composition, volume and direction of trade; ‘The Tribute’. Expansions and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour
Economic history: Decline of industries-changing socioeconomic conditions of artisans; deurbanistion. British industrial policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements. Monetary policy, banking
Economic history: Currency and exchange, railways and road transport. Growth of new urban centers; new features of town planning and architecture. Famines and epidemics and the government policy. Economic thought-English utilitarians
Economic history: Indian economic historians; the drain theory
Indian society in transition: Contact with Christianity-the missions; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities. The new education-government policy; levels and contents; English language
Indian society in transition: The new education-modern science; Indian initiatives in education. Raja Ram Mohan Roy; socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility. Women’s question-nationalist discourse
Indian society in transition: Women’s question-women’s organisations; British legislation concerning women; constitutional position. The printing press-journalistic activity and the public opinion
Indian society in transition: Modernisation of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music, and performing arts
National movement: Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economic bases of nationalism. Revolt of 1857 and different social classes. Tribal and peasant movements. Ideologies and programmes or the Indian national congress, 1885-1920
National movement: Trends in Swadeshi movement, ideologies and programmes of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad. Gandhian mass movements. Ideology and programme of the Justice party. Left wing politics. Movement of the depressed classes
National movement: Communal politics and genesis of Pakistan. Towards Independence and partition
India after Independence (1947-1964): Rehabilitation after partition. Integration of the Indian states; the Kashmir question. The making of the Indian constitution. The structure of bureaucracy and the policy. The demographic trends
India after Independence (1947-1964): Economic policies and the planning process. Linguistic reorganization of States. Foreign policy initiatives
World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-pre-history, humanism, burial-practices, enlightened despotism, mother-Goddess, divine right, law codes, supremacy of Church, Athenian democracy, Holy Roman empire, imperial Rome, social contract and general will
World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-slavery, nation states, aristocracy, Renaissance, Confucianism, reformation, manorial system, Darwinism, black death, Great Depression (1929), feudalism, feminism, non-alignment, parliamentary democracy, Nazism
World history: Concepts, ideas, and terms-commonwealth, imperialism, socialism, balance of power, Apartheid, rights of man, Cold War, postmodernism
Research in history: Scope and value of history, objectivity and bias in history, history and its auxiliary sciences, area of research-proposed, sources-primary/ secondary in the proposed area of research
Research in history: Modern historical writing in the researcher’s area of research

Law-Paper-II +

Law-Paper-II: Unit 01

Constitutional law of India
Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy, judiciary, executive, union state legislative relations, emergency provisions, amendment of the constitutions writ jurisdiction

Law-Paper-II: Unit 02

Legal theory
Nature and sources of law, positivism, natural law theory, sociological jurisprudence, theories of punishment, rights and duties, concepts of possession and ownership

Law-Paper-II: Unit 03

Public international law
Nature of international law and its relationship with municipal law, sources of international law, recognition of states and governments, united nations, settlement of international disputes, human rights

Law-Paper-II: Unit 04

Family law
Concepts in family law, sources of family law in India, marriage and dissolution of marriage

Law-Paper-II: Unit 05

Law of contracts-general principles
Essentials of a valid contract, offer, acceptance, and consideration, capacity to contract-minor’s contract, elements vitiating contract-mistake, fraud, misrepresentation, public policy, coercion, undue influence, frustration of contract
Remedies for breach of contract damages

Law-Paper-II: Unit 06

Law of torts
Foundation of tortious liability, general defences to an action of torty, vicarious liability, remoteness of damages, contributory negligence, absolute and strict liability

Law-Paper-II: Unit 07

Law of crimes-general principles
Nature and definition of offence, general exceptions, common intention and common object, criminal attempt, conspiracy, and abetment, offences against women

Law-Paper-II: Unit 08

Labour law
Concepts-industry, industrial dispute, and workman, trade unions-rights and immunities of registered trade union; registration and its advantages, methods for settlement of industrial disputes under industrial disputes act, 1947
Strike and lockout as instruments of collective bargaining, retrenchment, lay-off and closures

Philosophy-Paper-II +

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 01

Classical Indian philosophy
Vedic and upanishadic world-views: Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of Yajna (sacrifice), the concept of rna-duty/ obligation; theories of creation
Atman-self (and not-self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti and Turiya, Brahaman, Sreyas, and Preyas
Karma, samsara, moksa
Carvaka: Pratyaksa as the only Pramana, critique of Anumana and Sabda, rejection of non-material entities and of Dharma and Moksha
Jainism: Concept of reality-sat, Dravya, Guna, Paryaya, Jiva, Ajiva, Anekantavada, Syadvada, and Nayavada; theory of knowledge; bondage and liberation
Buddhism: Four noble truths, Ashtanga Marga, Nirvana, Madhyama Pratipad, Pratityasamutpada, Ksanbhangavada, Anatmavada
Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, and Madhyamika
Nyaya: Prama and Aprama, Pramanya, and Apramanya; Pramana: Pratyaksa, Nirvikalpaka, Savikalpaka, Laukika and Alaukika; Anumana: Anvayavyatireka, Lingaparamarsa, Vyapti; classification: Vyaptigrahopayas, Hetvabhasa, Upamana; Sabda; Sakti, Laksana, Akanksa
Nyaya: Classification-Yogyata, Sannidhi and Tatparya, concept of God, arguments for the existence of God, Adrsta, Nihar Yeasa
Vaisesika: Concepts Of Padartha, Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Samavaya, Visesa, Abhava, Causation: Asatkaryavada, Samavayi, Asamavayi Nimitta Karana, Paramanuvada, Adrsta, Nihsryeas
Samkhya: Satkaryavada, Prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of Prakriti, nature of Purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of Purusa relationship between Purusha and Prakriti, Kaivalya, atheism
Yoga: Patanjali’s concept of citta and citta-vrtti, eight-fold path of yoga, the role of God in yoga
Purva-Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance, atheism of Purva Mimamsa, classification of Shruti Vakyas, Vidhi, Nisha And Arthavada, Dharma, Bhavana, Sabdanityavada, Jatisaktivada, Kumarila and Prabhakara schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference
Purva-mimamsa: Tirupati-samvit, Jnatata, Abhava and Anupalabdhi, Anvitabhidhanavada, Abihitanvayavada, Vedanta
Advaita-rejection of difference: Adhyasa, Maya, three grades of Satta, Jiva, Jivanmukti, Vivartavada
Visistadvaita: Saguna brahman, refutation of Maya, Amrtasiddhi, Parinamavada, Jiva, Bhakti, and Prapatti
Dvaita-rejection of Nirguna Brahman and Maya, Bheda and Saksi, Bhakti

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 02

Modern Indian thinkers
Vivekananda-practical Vedanta, universal religion, Aurobindo-evolution, mind, and supermind, integral yoga, Iqbal-self, God, man, and superman, Tagore-religion of man, ideas on education, K. C. Bhattacharyya-concept of philosophy, subject as freedom
K. C. Bhattacharyya-the doctrine of Maya
Radhakrishnan-intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life, J. Krishnamurti-freedom from the known, analysis of self, Gandhi-non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization, Ambedkar-varna and the caste system, neo-Buddhism

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 03

Classical western philosophy
Early Greek philosophers, Plato, and Aristotle, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus, the sophists and socrates, Plato-theory of knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa), theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, soul, and God
Aristotle-classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive (theoria, praxis, techne), logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentially and actually, soul and God
Medieval philosophy, St. Augustine-problem of evil, St. Anselm-ontological argument, St. Thomas Aquinas-faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God

Philosophy-Paper-II: Unit 04

Modern western philosophy
Rationalism: Descartes-conception of method and the need for method in philosophy, clarity and distinctness as the criterion of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, the cogito-intuition or inference? innate ideas
Rationalism: Descartes-the ‘real’ distinction between mind and matter, role of God, proofs for the existence of God, mind-body interactionism, spinoza: Substance, attributes and mode, the concept of ‘God or nature’, the mind body problem
Rationalism: Spinoza-pantheism, three orders of knowing, leibniz: Monadology, truths of reason and truths of fact, innateness of all ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles
Rationalism: Leibniz-the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom and philosophy
Empiricism: Locke-ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge, theory of substances, distinction between primary and secondary qualities
Empiricism: Berkeley-rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self, Hume: Impressions and ideas
Empiricism: Hume-knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions
Critical philosophy and after: Kant-the critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgement, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding
Critical philosophy and after: Kant-the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction off the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the ideas of reason-soul, God and world as a whole, freedom and immortality, rejection of speculative metaphysics
Critical philosophy and after: Hegel-the conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non being and becoming, absolute idealism, Nietzsche: Critique of western culture, will to power, Moore: Refutation of idealism
Critical philosophy and after: Moore-defence of common sense, philosophy and analysis, Russell: Refutation of idealism, logic as the essence of philosophy, logical atomism, Wittgenstein: Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions
Critical philosophy and after: Wittgenstein-the picture theory, philosophy and language, meaning and use, forms of life, Husserl: The Husserlian method, intentionality, Heidegger: Being and nothingness, man as being-in-the-world
Critical philosophy and after: Heidegger-critique of technological civilization, logical positivism: The verifiability theory of meaning, the verification principle, rejection of metaphysics, unity of science
Critical philosophy and after: C. S. Peirce and William James-pragmatic theories of meaning and truth, G. Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism

Political science-Paper-II +

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 01

Political theory and thought
Ancient Indian political thought: Kautilya and Shanti Parva
Greek political thought: Plato and Aristotle
European thought-I: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
European thought-II: Bentham, J. S. Mill, Hegel, Marx, and Green
Contemporary political thought-I: Lenin, Mao, Gramsci
Contemporary political thought-II : Rawls, Nozic, and communitarians
Modern Indian thought: Gandhi, M. N. Roy, Aurobindo Ghosh, Joy Prakash Ambedkar, Savarkar
Concepts and issue-I: Medieval political thought: Church state relationship and theory of two swords
Concepts and issue-II: Behaviouralism and post-behaviouralism, decline, and resurgence of political theory
Democracy, liberty, and equality

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 02

Comparative politics and political analysis
Evolution of comparative politics as a discipline; nature and scope
Approaches to the study of comparative politics: Traditional, structural-functional, systems, and Marxist
Constitutionalism: Concepts, problems, and limitations
Forms of government: Unitary-federal, parliamentary-presidential
Organs of government: Executive, legislature, judiciary their interrelationship in comparative perspective
Party systems and pressure groups; electoral systems
Bureaucracy-types and roles
Political development and political modernization
Political culture, political socialization, and political communication
Political elite; elitist theory of democracy
Power, authority and legitimacy
Revolution: Theories and types
Dependency: Development and under development

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 03

Indian government and politics
National movement, constitutional developments and the making of Indian constitution
Ideological bases of the Indian constitution, preamble, fundamental rights and duties, and directive principles
Constitution as instrument of socioeconomic change, constitutional amendments and review
Structure and process-I: President, prime minister, council of ministers, working of the parliamentary system
Structure and process-II: Governor, chief minister, council of ministers, state legislature
Panchayati Raj institutions: Rural and urban, their working
Federalism: Theory and practice in India; demands of autonomy and separatist movements, emerging trends in centre-state relations
Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, judicial review, judicial activism including public interest litigation cases, judicial reforms
Political parties, pressure groups, public opinion, media; subaltern and peasant movements
Elections, electoral behaviour, election commission, and electoral reforms

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 04

Public administration
Development of public administration as a discipline; approaches to the study of public administration: Decision-making, ecological and systems; development administration
Theories of organization
Principles of organization: Line and staff, unity of command, hierarchy, span of control, centralization and decentralization, types of organization-formal and informal; forms of organization; department, public corporation and board
Chief executive: Types, functions, and roles
Personnel administration: Recruitment, training, promotion, discipline, morale; employee-employer relations
Bureaucracy: Theories, types, and roles; Max Weber and his critics
Civil servant-minister relationships
Leadership, its role in decision-making; communication
Financial administration; budget, audit, control over finance with special reference to India and UK
Good governance; problems of administrative corruption; transparency and accountability; right to information
Grievance redressal institutions: Ombudsman, Lokpal, and Lokayukta

Political science-Paper-II: Unit 05

International relations
Contending theories and approaches to the study of international relations; idealist, realist, systems, game, communication and decision-making
Power, interest, and ideology in international relations; elements of power: Acquisition, use and limitations of power, perception, formulation and promotion of national interest, meaning, role and relevance of ideology in international relations
Arms and wars: Nature, causes and types of wars/ conflicts including ethnic disputes; conventional, nuclear/ biochemical wars; deterrence, arms race, arms control, and disarmament
Peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict resolution, diplomacy, world-order and peace studies
Cold war, alliances, non-alignment, end of cold war, globalisation
Rights and duties of states in international law, intervention, treaty law, prevention, and abolition of war
Political economy of international relations; new international economic order, north-south dialogue, south-south cooperation, WTO, Neocolonialism and dependency
Regional and sub-regional organizations especially SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, OAS
United nations: Aims, objectives, structure, and evaluation of the working of UN; peace and development perspectives; charter revision; power-struggle and diplomacy with UN, financing and peace-keeping operations
India’s role in international affairs: India’s relations with its neighbours, wars, security concerns, and pacts, mediatory role, distinguishing features of Indian foreign policy and diplomacy

Psychology-Paper-II +

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 01

Perceptual processes
Approaches to the study of perception: Gestalt and physiological approaches, perceptual organization: Gestalt, figure, and ground, laws of organization, perceptual constancy: Size, shape, and brightness, illusion; perception of depth and movements
Role of motivation and learning in perception

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 02

Learning process
Classical conditioning: Procedure, phenomena and related issues, instrumental learning: Phenomena, paradigms and theoretical issues, reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules, verbal learning: Methods and materials, organizational processes

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 03

Memory and forgetting
Memory processes: Encoding, storage, retrieval, stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LIM), episodic and semantic memory, theories of forgetting: Interference, decay, retrieval

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 04

Thinking and problem solving
Theories of thought processes: Associationism, Gestalt, information processing, concept formation: Rules and strategies, reasoning: Deductive and inductive, problem-solving: Type and strategies, role of concepts in thinking

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 05

Motivation and emotion
Basic motivational concepts: Instincts, needs, drives, incentives, motivational cycle, approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R cognitive, humanistic, biological motives: Hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex
Social motives: Achievement, affiliation, approval, exploratory behaviour and curiosity, physiological correlates of emotions, theories of emotions: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter and singer, conflicts: Sources and types

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 06

Human abilities
Intelligence: Biological, social, eco-cultural determinants, theories of intelligence: Spearman, Thurston, Guilford, individual and group differences: Extent and causes, measurement of human abilities

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 07

Personality
Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural, approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytic, Neo-Freudian, social leaming, trait and type, cognitive, personality assessment: Psychometric and projective tests
Self-concept: Origin and development

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 08

Research methodology
Research problems, hypothesis, variables and their operationalization, types of psychological research, Methods of psychological research: Experimental, quasi-experimental, case studies, field studies, and cross-cultural studies
Methods of data collection: Observation, interview, questionnaire, tests and scales
Non-parametric tests

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 09

Measurement and testing
Test construction: Item writing, item analysis, test standardization: Reliability, validity, and norms, types of tests: Intelligence aptitude, personality-characteristics and important examples, altitude scales and interest inventories
Educational measurement and evaluation

Psychology-Paper-II: Unit 10

Biological basis of behavior
Receptors, effectors, and adjuster mechanisms, neural impulse: Origin, conduction, and measurement, sensory system: Vision and audition, human nervous system: Structure and functions

Sanskrit-Paper-II +

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 01

Vedic literature
Deities-Agni; Savitr; Vishnu; Indra; Rudra; Brhaspati; Asvina Varuna; Usas; Soma, subject matter of: Samhitas; Brahmanas and Aranyakas; Upanishads, dialogue hymns-Pururava-Urvasi; Yama-Yami; Sarma-Pani; Vishwamitra-Nadi
History of Vedic literature: Main theories regarding the age of the Rig Veda-Max Muller; A. Weber; Jacobi; Bal Gangadhar Tilak; M. Winternitz; Indian traditional views, arrangement of the Rig Veda, recensions of the Saritas, Vedangas: Siksa; Kalpa
Vedangas: Vyakarana; Nirukta; Chandas; Jyotis

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 02

Darsana
Samkhyakarika of Isvarakrsna: Satkaryavada; Purusa-svarlipa; Prakyti-svarUpa; Srstikrama; Pratyayasarga; Kaivalya, Vedantasdira of Sadananda: Anubandha-catustaya; Ajnana; Adhyaropa-Apavada; Lingasarirotpatti; Pancikarana; Vivarta; Jivanmukti
Tarkabhasa of Kesavamisra/ Tarkasarhgraha of Annambhatta: Padartha; Karana; Pramana; Pratyaksa; Anumana; upamana; Sabda

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 03

Grammar and linguistics
Grammar: Definitions-Samhita; Guna; Vrddhi; Pratipadika; Nadi; Ghi; Upadha; Aprkta; Gati; Pada; Vibhasa; Savarna; Ti; Pragrhya; Sarvandmasthana; Nistha, Karaka: As per Siddhantakaumudi, Samasa: As per Laghusiddhantakaumudi
Linguistics: Definition and types of languages-genealogical and morphological classification of languages, speech-mechanism and classification of sounds: Stops, fricatives, semi-vowels and vowels, phonetic laws
Linguistics: Characteristics of the three types of Indo-Aryan

Sanskrit-Paper-II: Unit 04

Sanskrit literature and poetics
General study of the following works: Poetry-Raghuvarhga; Meghaduta; Kiratarjuniya; Sisupalavadha; Naisadhiyacarita; Buddhacarita, prose: Dasakumaracarita; Harsacarita; Kadambari, drama: Svapnavasavadatta; Abhijnanasakuntala; Mrcchakatika
General study of the following works: Drama-Uttararmacarita; Mudraraksasa; Ratnavali; Venisamhara
Poetics: Sahityadarpana, definition of Kavya, refutation of other definitions of Kavya, Sabdasakti-Sanketagraha; Abhidha; Laksana; Vyanjana, Rasa-types of Rasas with their sthayi bhavas, types of Rupaka, characteristics of Nataka
Poetics: Characteristics of Mahakavya

Sociology-Paper-II +

Sociology-Paper-II: Unit 01

Sociological concepts
Nature of sociology: Definition, sociological perspective
Basic concepts: Community, institution, association, culture, norms, and values
Social structures: Status and role, their interrelationship, multiple roles, role set, status set, status sequence, role conflict
Social group: Meaning, types: Primary-secondary, formal-informal, ingroup-outgroup, reference group
Social institutions: Marriage, family, education, economy, polity, religion
Socialization: Socialization, resocialization, anticipatory socialization, adult socialization, agencies of socialization, theories of socialization
Social stratification: Social differentiation, hierarchy and inequality, forms of stratification: Caste, class, gender, ethnic theories of social stratification, social mobility
Social change: Concepts and types-evolution, diffusion, progress, revolution, transformation, change in structure, and change of structure, theories: Dialectical and cyclical

Sociology-Paper-II: Unit 02

Sociological theory
Structural: Nadel, Radcliffe Brown, Levi-Strauss
Functional: Malinowski, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton
Interactionist: Social action-Max Weber, Pareto, symbolic interactionism: G. H. Mead, Blumer
Conflict: Karl Marx, Dahrendorf, Coser, Collins

Sociology-Paper-II: Unit 03

Methodology
Meaning and nature of social research: Nature of social phenomena, the scientific method, the problems in the study of social phenomena: Objectivity and subjectivity, fact and value
Quantitative methods: Survey, research design and its types, hypothesis, sampling, techniques of data collection: Observation, questionnaire, schedule, interview
Qualitative methods: Participant observation, case study, content analysis, oral history, life history
Statistics in social research: Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, mode, measures of dispersion, correlational and analysis, test of significance, reliability and validity

Linguistic-paper-II +

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 01

Language and linguistics
Notions of language: Language as written text-philological and literary notions that is, norm, purity, and their preservation, language as a cultural heritage-codification and transmission of cultural knowledge and behaviour
Notions of language: Language as a marker of social identity-language boundary, dialect and language-codes of special groups-use of language (s) to express multiple identities; language as an object that is, notion of autonomy
Notions of language: Structure and its units and components; language in spoken and written modes and relation between them; writing system-units of writing-sound (alphabetic), or syllable (syllabic) and morpheme/ word (logographic)
Approaches to the study of language: Semiotic approach-interpretation of sign; language as a system of social behaviour-use of language in family, community, and country; language as a system of communication-communicative functions-emotive, conative
Approaches to the study of language: Language as a system of communication-communicative functions-referential, poetic, metalinguistic and phatic; sign language; animal communication system and formal language; design features of language-arbitrariness
Approaches to the study of language: Double articulation, displacement, interchangeability and specialization; language as a cognitive system-knowledge representation; relation with culture and thought, that is, concept formation
Approaches to the study of language: Existence of language faculty; linguistic competence, ideal speaker-hearer
Structure of language: Levels and their hierarchy-phonological. Morphological, syntactic and semantic, their interrelations; universal and specific properties of language-formal and substantive universals. Synchronic and diachronic view of language
Structure of language: Language relation-genetic, areal and typological; concepts of langue and parole, idiolect, and language
Grammatical analysis: Linguistic units and their distribution at different levels; notions of contrast and complementation; -etic and -emic categorization; paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations
Grammatical analysis: Notions of word classes (parts of speech) and grammatical categories; grammatical relations and case relations; notion of rule at different levels; description vs. explanation of grammatical facts
Linguistics and others fields: Relevance of linguistics to other fields of enquiry-philosophy, anthropology. sociology, political science, psychology, education, computer science and literature

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 02

Phonetics, phonology, and morphology
Phonetics: Definition; mechanisms of speech production-airstream mechanism, oro-nasal process, phonation process and articulation (place and manner); cardinal vowels (primary and secondary); vowels and consonants (liquids, glides); secondary articulation
Phonetics: Coarticulation; syllable; phonetic transcription (IPA); suprasegmentals-length, stress, tone, intonation and juncture
Phonology: Phonetics vs. phonology; concept of phoneme, phone and allophone; principles of phonemic analysis-phonetic similarity, contrast, complementary distribution, free variation, economy, pattern congruity; alternation and neutralization
Phonology: Distinctive features; syllable in phonology
Morphology: Scope and nature; concept of morpheme, morph, allomorph, portmanteau morph, lexeme and word; identification of morphemes; morphological alternation; morphophonemic process; internal and external sandhi; derivation vs inflection
Morphology: Root and stem; grammatical categories-tense, aspect, mood, person, gender, number, case: case marker and case relation; pre- and post-positions: affixes vs. clitics; stem vs. word-based morphology; paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 03

Syntax and semantics
Traditional and structuralist syntax: Parts of speech; Indian classification of grammatical categories (Naama, Aakhyaata, Upasarga, Nipaata); structural syntactic categories (word, phrase, clause etc); functional syntactic categories(subject, object, etc)
Traditional and structuralist syntax: Construction types (exocentric, indocentric, etc),immediate constituent analysis
Generative syntax: Universal grammar, innateness hypothesis, meaning of the term ‘generative’, transformational generative grammar, criteria for determining constituents, aspects model, problems with the aspects model, Ross's constraints
Generative syntax: Principles and parameters
Meaning: Types of meaning; descriptive, emotive and phatic; sense and reference, connotation and denotation, sense relations (homonymy, synonymy etc); types of opposition (taxonomic, polar, etc); ambiguity, sentence meaning and truth conditions
Meaning: Presupposition, entailment and implicature, speech acts, deixis, definiteness, mood, and modality, componential analysis

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 04

Historical linguistics and south Asian language families
Introduction: Synchronic and diachronic approaches to language; interrelationship between diachronic and synchronic data; use of written records for historical studies; language classification; notion of language family
Introduction: Criteria for identifying family relationships among languages; definition of the word ‘cognate’; language isolates: criteria. for typological classification-agglutinative, inflectional, analytic, synthetic and polysynthetic
Introduction: Basic word order typology-SVO, SOV, etc
Linguistic change and reconstruction: Sound change; neogrammarian theory of gradualness and regularity of sound change; genesis and spread of sound change; phonetic and phonemic change; split and merger; conditioned vs. unconditioned change
Linguistic change and reconstruction: Types of change-assimilation and dissimilation, coalescence, metathesis, deletion, epenthesis; transformational-generative approach to sound change-rule addition, rule deletion, rule, generalization, rule ordering
Linguistic change and reconstruction: Social motivation for change; lexical diffusion of sound change; analogy and its relationship to sound change; reconstructing the proto-stages of languages
Linguistic change and reconstruction: Internal reconstruction and comparative method-their scopes and limitations; innovation and retention; subgrouping within a family; family tree and wave models; relative chronology of different changes
Language contact and dialect geography: Linguistic borrowing-lexical and structural; motivations-prestige and need-filling (including culture-based); classification of loanwords-loan translation, loan blend, calque
Language contact and dialect geography: Assimilated and unassimilated loans (tadbhava and tatsama); bilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect, idiolect; isogloss; methods of preparing dialect atlas, focal area, transition area and relic area
Language families of South Asia: Indo-aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Tibeto-Burman; language isolates-burushaski, nahali-their geographical distribution, enumeration; characteristics
Areal features of South Asia: South Asia as a linguistic area-phonological-length contrast in vowels and consonants, retroflexion, open syllable structure; morphemic structure rules; morphological and syntactical-agglutination, ergativity, agreement
Areal features of South Asia: Productive use of conjunctive participles; passives; causatives; echo words; phenomenon of reduplication; copulative compounds; compound verbs, relative clause construction

Linguistic-paper-II: Unit 05

Socio-linguistics and applied linguistics
Language and society: Speech community; verbal repertoire; linguistic and communicative competence; linguistic variability and ethnography of speaking; sociolinguistic variables; patterns of variation; regional, social and stylistic
Language and society: Restricted and elaborated codes; diglossia
Languages in contact: Types of bilingualism and bilinguals; borrowing; convergence; pidgins and creoles; language maintenance and shift
Sociology of language: Language planning; language standardization and modernization; language and power: literacy-autonomous vs ideological
Scope of applied linguistics: Language teaching; translation studies; lexicography; stylistics; speech pathology; mass media and communication; language and computers
Language learning and language teaching: First and second language learning; language acquisition in multilingual settings; behaviouristic and cognitive theories of language learning; social and psychological aspects of second language acquisition
Language learning and language teaching: Methods, materials and teaching-aids in language teaching; computer assisted language teaching (CALT); types of tests and their standardization

Punjabi-Paper-II

Kashmiri-Paper-II

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III +

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

Inorganic chemistry
Chemical periodicity
Structure and bonding in homo-and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR theory)
Concepts of acids and bases, hard-soft acid base concept, non-aqueous solvents
Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure, and bonding, industrial importance of the compounds
Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral, and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms
Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical applications
Organometallic compounds: Synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis
Cages and metal clusters
Analytical chemistry: Separation, spectroscopic, electro-and thermoanalytical methods
Bioinorganic chemistry: Photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron-transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine
Characterization of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-vis, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy, and microscopic techniques
Nuclear chemistry: Nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques, and activation analysis

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

Physical chemistry
Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operator algebra; exactly-solvable systems: Particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom, including shapes of atomic orbitals; orbital and spin angular momenta; tunneling
Approximate methods of quantum mechanics: Variational principle; perturbation theory up to second order in energy; applications
Atomic structure and spectroscopy; term symbols; many-electron systems and antisymmetry principle
Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated π-electron systems
Chemical applications of group theory; symmetry elements; point groups; character tables; selection rules
Molecular spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic spectra; IR and Raman activities-selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance
Chemical thermodynamics: Laws, state, and path functions and their applications; thermodynamic description of various types of processes; Maxwell’s relations; spontaneity and equilibrium; temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities
Chemical thermodynamics: Le Chatelier principle; elementary description of phase transitions; phase equilibrium and phase rule; thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and solutions
Statistical thermodynamics: Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities-calculations for model systems
Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; Debye-Hückel theory; electrolytic conductance-Kohlrausch’s law and its applications; ionic equilibrium; conductometric and potentiometric titrations
Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex reactions; steady state approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state theories of rate constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics
Chemical kinetics: Salt effects; homogeneous catalysis; photochemical reactions
Colloids and surfaces: Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area; heterogeneous catalysis
Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications; band structure of solids
Polymer chemistry: Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization
Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression; covariance and correlation coefficient

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

Organic chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio-and stereoisomers
Principles of stereochemistry: Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and asymmetric induction
Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds-generation and reactions
Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes, and nitrenes
Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination, and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic, or radical species
Determination of reaction pathways
Common named reactions and rearrangements-applications in organic synthesis
Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations and reductions; common catalysts and reagents (organic, inorganic, organometallic, and enzymatic). Chemo, regio, and stereoselective transformations
Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear, and convergent synthesis, umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups
Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction-substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution-optical and kinetic
Pericyclic reactions: Electrocyclization, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry
Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms (o, n, s)
Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids, and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids
Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques

Chemical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

Interdisciplinary topics
Chemistry in Nanoscience and Technology
Catalysis and Green Chemistry
Medicinal chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry
Environmental chemistry

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III +

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

Molecules and their interaction relevant to biology
Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds
Composition, structure, and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins)
Stabilizing interactions (Van Der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc)
Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties)
Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers
Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes
Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary structure, domains, motif, and folds)
Conformation of nucleic acids (helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA)
Stability of proteins and nucleic acids
Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids nucleotides, and vitamins

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

Cellular organization
Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport
Membrane structure and function: Electrical properties of membranes
Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast
Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Structure and function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility
Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons
Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation, and control of cell cycle
Microbial physiology: Growth yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress response

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

Fundamental processes
DNA replication, repair, and recombination: Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination
RNA synthesis and processing: Transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing
RNA synthesis and processing: Splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport
Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity
Protein synthesis and processing: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proofreading, translational inhibitors, post-translational modification of proteins
Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

Cell communication and cell signaling
Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behaviour by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation
Host parasite interaction: Pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells
Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial, and plant two component systems
Cell signaling: Light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis, and quorum sensing
Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation
Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cancer, and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis
Cancer: Therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth
Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity, and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. Generation of antibody diversity
Innate and adaptive immune system: Monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors
Innate and adaptive immune system: Humoral and cell mediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune modulation, the complement system, toll-like receptors, cell-mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
Innate and adaptive immune system: Immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

Developmental biology
Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants
Basic concepts of development: Imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development
Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation
Gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development: Embryonic fields, gastrulation, and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination
Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in drosophila, amphibia, and chick; organogenesis-vulva formation in caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction
Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Limb development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal development; sex determination
Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems, and floral development in arabidopsis and antirrhinum
Programmed cell death, aging, and senescence

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

System physiology-plant
Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO₂ fixation-C₃, C₄, and CAM pathways
Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway
Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis
Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown, and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action
Sensory photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks
Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration
Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates
Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols, and nitrogenous compounds and their roles
Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature, and salt) stresses

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

System physiology-animal
Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis
Cardiovascular system: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, specialized tissue, ECG-its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural, and chemical regulation of all above
Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural, and chemical regulation of respiration
Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture
Sense organs: Vision, hearing, and tactile response
Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature-physical, chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization
Stress and adaptation
Digestive system: Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR
Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action, hormones, and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

Inheritance biology
Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment
Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele, complementation tests
Extensions of mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance, and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited, and sex influenced characters
Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers, mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants
Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal inheritance
Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers-transformation, conjugation, transduction, and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes
Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, LOD score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders
Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability and its measurements, QTL mapping
Mutation: Types, causes, and detection, mutant types-lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of function, gain of function, germinal vs somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis
Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy, and their genetic implications
Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposition

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

Diversity of life forms
Principles and methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical, and quantitative methods of taxonomy of plants, animals, and microorganisms
Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of organization of tissues, organs, and systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive modifications
Outline classification of plants, animals, and microorganisms: Important criteria used for classification in each taxon. Classification of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Evolutionary relationships among taxa
Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic origins, and migrations of species. Common Indian mammals, birds. Seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent
Organisms of health and agricultural importance: Common parasites and pathogens of humans, domestic animals, and crops
Organisms of conservation concern: Rare, endangered species. Conservation strategies

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

Ecological principles
The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions
Habitat and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement
Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (R and K selection); concept of metapopulation-demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations
Species interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis
Community ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones
Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax
Ecosystem ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling (C, N, P); primary production and decomposition
Structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: Terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine)
Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India
Applied ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: Status, monitoring, and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches
Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/ management strategy (project tiger, biosphere reserves)

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 11

Evolution and behaviour
Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin-concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness, and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of mutations; the evolutionary synthesis
Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and Haldane; experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes
Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of eukaryotic cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis, and aerobic metabolism
Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals
Paleontology and evolutionary history: Stages in primate evolution including homo
Molecular evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins
Molecular evolution: Gene duplication and divergence
The mechanisms: Population genetics-populations, gene pool, gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration, and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation; isolating mechanisms
The mechanisms: Speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity; convergent evolution; sexual selection; coevolution
Brain, behaviour, and evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behaviour; proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin selection, reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep, and arousal
Brain, behavior, and evolution: Biological clocks; development of behaviour; social communication; social dominance; use of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental investment and reproductive success; parental care; aggressive behaviour
Brain, behavior, and evolution: Habitat selection and optimality in foraging; migration, orientation, and navigation; domestication and behavioural changes

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 12

Applied biology
Microbial fermentation and production of small and macromolecules
Application of immunological principles, vaccines, diagnostics
Tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals
Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain identification
Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene therapy
Bioresource and uses of biodiversity
Breeding in plants and animals, including marker-assisted selection
Bioremediation and phytoremediation
Biosensors

Life sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 13

Methods in biology
Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis
Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal, and plant vectors
Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences, generation of genomic and cDNA libraries in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques
Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Gene knockout in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. Protein sequencing methods, detection of post translational modification of proteins. DNA sequencing methods, strategies for genome sequencing
Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level, large scale expression, such as microarray based techniques isolation, separation, and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules RFLP
Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: RAPD and AFLP techniques
Histochemical and immunotechniques: Antibody generation, detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells
Histochemical and Immunotechniques: In-situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH
Biophysical method: Molecular analysis using UV/ visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy molecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction and NMR, molecular analysis using light scattering
Biophysical method: Different types of mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance methods
Statistical methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, and normal); sampling distribution; difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors
Statistical methods: Levels of significance; regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; X2 test; basic introduction to multivariate statistics, etc
Radiolabeling techniques: Detection and measurement of different types of radioisotopes normally used in biology, incorporation of radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive material, safety guidelines
Microscopic techniques: Visualization of cells and subcellular components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation, and staining techniques for EM
Microscopic techniques: Freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy
Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG, brain activity recording, lesion and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT
Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect, and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behaviour
Methods in field biology: Habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III +

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

Analysis
Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, real number system as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property, supermoms, infimum
Sequences and series, convergence, limsup, liminf
Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine-Borel theorem
Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem
Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence
Riemann sums and riemann integral, improper integrals
Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral
Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation, inverse and implicit function theorems
Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness
Normed linear spaces
Spaces of continuous functions as examples

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

Linear algebra
Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations
Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
Matrix representation of linear transformations
Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, jordan forms
Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis
Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

Complex analysis
Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations
Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, open mapping theorem
Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues
Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

Algebra
Permutations, combinations, pigeonhole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, derangements
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese remainder theorem, Euler’s ø- function, primitive roots
Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, cayley’s theorem, class equations, sylow theorems
Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain
Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria
Fields, finite fields, field extensions, galois theory

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

Topology
Basis, dense sets, subspace, and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and compactness

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs
General theory of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, green’s function

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

Partial differential equations (PDEs)
Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs
Classification of second order PDEs, general solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients, method of separation of variables for Laplace, heat and wave equations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

Numerical analysis
Numerical solutions solutions of algebraic equations, method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence, solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, finite differences
Lagrange, Hermite, and Spline interpolation, numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Euler, and Runge-Kutta methods

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

Calculus of variations
Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, necessary and sufficient conditions for extrema
Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 10

Linear integral equations
Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and volterra type, solutions with separable kernels
Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 11

Classical mechanics
Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis
Theory of small oscillations

Mathematical sciences-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 12

Descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis
Sample space, discrete probability, independent events, Bayes's theorem
Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments
Independent random variables, marginal and conditional distributions
Characteristic functions
Probability inequalities (Chebyshev's Markov, Jensen)
Modes of convergence, weak and strong laws of large numbers, Central Limit theorems (i.i.d. case)
Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson, and birth-and-death processes
Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions
Sampling distributions, standard errors, and asymptotic distributions, distribution of order statistics and range
Methods of estimation, properties of estimators, confidence intervals
Tests of hypotheses: most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests
Analysis of discrete data and chi-square test of goodness of fit
Large sample tests
Simple nonparametric tests for one and two sample problems, rank correlation and test for independence
Elementary bayesian inference
Gauss-Markov models, estimability of parameters, best linear unbiased estimators, confidence intervals, tests for linear hypotheses
Analysis of variance and covariance
Fixed, random and mixed effects models
Simple and multiple linear regression
Elementary regression diagnostics
Logistic regression
Multivariate normal distribution, wishart distribution, and their properties
Distribution of quadratic forms
Inference for parameters, partial and multiple correlation coefficients and related tests
Data reduction techniques: Principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, canonical correlation
Simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling
Probability proportional to size sampling
Ratio and regression methods
Completely randomized designs, randomized block designs, and Latin-square designs
Connectedness and orthogonality of block designs, bibd
2k factorial experiments: confounding and construction
Hazard function and failure rates, censoring and life testing, series, and parallel systems
Linear programming problem, simplex methods, duality
Elementary queuing and inventory models
Steady-state solutions of Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space, M/M/C, M/M/C with limited waiting space, M/G/1

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III +

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

Mathematical methods of physics
Dimensional analysis
Vector algebra and vector calculus
Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton theorem
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Linear ordinary differential equations of first and second order, special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre, and Legendre functions)
Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms
Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor and Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals
Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
Central limit theorem

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

Classical mechanics
Newton’s laws
Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
Central force motions
Two body collisions-scattering in laboratory and centre of mass frames
Rigid body dynamics moment of inertia tensor
Non-inertial frames and pseudo forces
Variational principle
Generalized coordinates
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism, and equations of motion
Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates
Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes
Special theory of relativity Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

Electromagnetic theory
Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem
Electromagnetic induction
Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces
Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance
Electromagnetic waves in free space
Dielectrics and conductors
Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference, coherence, and diffraction
Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

Quantum mechanics
Wave-particle duality
Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent)
Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc)
Tunneling through a barrier
Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations
Commutators and heisenberg uncertainty principle
Dirac notation for state vectors
Motion in a central potential: Orbital angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; hydrogen atom
Stern-gerlach experiment
Time independent perturbation theory and applications
Variational method
Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules
Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

Thermodynamic and statistical physics
Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences
Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibrium
Phase space, micro-, and macro-states
Micro-canonical, canonical, and grand-canonical ensembles, and partition functions
Free energy and its connection with thermodynamic quantities
Classical and quantum statistics
Ideal bose and fermi gases
Principle of detailed balance
Blackbody radiation and planck's distribution law

Physical sciences-part-A (core)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

Electronics and experimental methods
Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo-and hetero-junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications
Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs)
Operational amplifiers and their applications
Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators, and similar circuits)
A/D and D/A converters
Microprocessor and microcontroller basics
Data interpretation and analysis
Precision and accuracy
Error analysis, propagation of errors
Least squares fitting

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III +

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

Mathematical methods of physics
Green’s function
Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions)
Elements of computational techniques: Root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method
Finite difference methods
Tensors
Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3)

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

Classical mechanics
Dynamical systems, phase space dynamics, stability analysis
Poisson brackets and canonical transformations
Symmetry, invariance, and Noether’s theorem
Hamilton-jacobi theory

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

Electromagnetic theory
Dispersion relations in plasma
Lorentz invariance of maxwell’s equation
Transmission lines and wave guides
Radiation from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

Quantum mechanics
Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure
Wkb approximation
Elementary theory of scattering: phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation
Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations
Semi-classical theory of radiation

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

Thermodynamic and statistical physics
First-and second-order phase transitions
Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism
Ising model
Bose-einstein condensation
Diffusion equation
Random walk and brownian motion
Introduction to non-equilibrium processes

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

Electronics and experimental methods
Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test
Transducers (temperature, pressure/ vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors)
Measurement and control
Signal conditioning and recovery
Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding
Fourier transforms, lock-in detector, boxcar integrator, modulation techniques
High frequency devices (including generators and detectors)

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 07

Atomic and molecular physics
Quantum states of an electron in an atom
Electron spin
Spectrum of helium and alkali atom
Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift, width of spectral lines, LS and JJ couplings
Zeeman, Paschen-Back, and Stark effects
Electron spin resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift
Franck-Condon principle
Born-oppenheimer approximation
Electronic, rotational, vibrational, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules
Lasers: Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients
Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation
Modes of resonators and coherence length

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 08

Condensed matter physics
Bravais lattices
Reciprocal lattice
Diffraction and the structure factor
Bonding of solids
Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat
Free electron theory and electronic specific heat
Response and relaxation phenomena
Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity
Hall effect and thermoelectric power
Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: Metals, insulators, and semiconductors
Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors
Josephson junctions
Super fluidity
Defects and dislocations
Ordered phases of matter: translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order
Quasicrystals

Physical sciences-part-B (advanced)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 09

Nuclear and particle physics
Basic nuclear properties: Size, shape, and charge distribution, spin and parity
Binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model
Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces
Deuteron problem
Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity, and limitations
Rotational spectra
Elementary ideas of alpha, beta, and gamma decays, and their selection rules
Fission and fusion
Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei, and direct reactions
Classification of fundamental forces
Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc)
Gell-mann-Nishijima formula
Quark model, baryons, and mesons
C, p, and t invariance
Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions
Parity non-conservation in weak interaction
Relativistic kinematics

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) +

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

Life of Gautam Buddha
Buddhist councils and Theravada (Hinayana) as well as Mahayana schools, introduction of Buddhism to Tibet, China, and Japan, Pali Tripitaka literature, lives and works of Buddhaghosa, Dignaga and Dharmakirti

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

Sïla, Samadhi, and Prajna
Four Arya Satya's, Arya Ashtangika Marga, Pratityasamutpada, Nirvana

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

Buddhist architecture
Bodh Gaya (Mahabodhi) temple, Ajanta Cave-temple, Sanchi Stupa, Buddhist sculpture-origin and development of Buddha-image, status of women in Buddhism, impact of Buddhism on society, Buddhism and ecology

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

Life of lord Rishabhadeva, Parsvanatha, and Mahavira
Jaina councils and schools-Digambara and Svetambara, Prakrit Agama literature, lives and works of acharya Kundakunda, Umasvati and Haribhadra Suri, main centres of Jaina learning-Shravanabelagola, Jaisalmer, Ahmedabad and Varanasi

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

Five Vratas
Anuvratas and Mahavratas-Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacarya and Aparigraha, six substances and seven fundamentals, Triratna-Samyag Darsana, Jnana and Caritra, Anekantavada and Syadvada
Five kinds of knowledge-Matt, Sruti, Avadhi, Mana Paryaya, and Kevala Jnana

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

Jaina architecture
Ellora cave, Khajuraho temples and Mount Abu temples, Jaina iconography-images from Mathura and Shravanabelagola, status of women in Jainism, impact of Jainism on society-vegetarianism (Shakahar), four kinds of charity (Dana), Jainism and ecology

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

Indian and western sources of influence on Gandhi
Early childhood and life in England, Gandhiji experiment of Satyagraha in South Africa, Satyagraha campaigns and Indian freedom movement, Gandhiana

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

Foundation of Gandhian thought-God
Truth and nonviolence, individual, state, Swaraj, rights and duties, philosophy of Sarvodaya, ends, and means, religions, and politics

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

Society and Varnasrama Dharma
Ashram vows, civilizations and education, trusteeship, constructive programme, sustainable development, and Swadeshi

Buddhist, Jaina, Gandhian, and peace studies-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

Concept of peace
Cause and forms of violence, conflict-resolutions and Satyagraha, peace movement in India and abroad, non-violent and ecology

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core) +

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

Business environment
Meaning and elements of business environment, economic environment, economic policies, economic planning, legal environment of business in India, competition policy, consumer protection, environment protection, policy environment: Liberalization
Policy environment: Privatization and globalization, second generation reforms, industrial policy, and implementation. Industrial growth and structural changes

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

Financial and management accounting
Basic accounting concepts, capital and revenue, financial statements, partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, death, dissolution, and cash distribution, advanced company accounts: Issue, forfeiture, purchase of business, liquidation
Advanced company accounts: Valuation of shares, amalgamation, absorption, and reconstruction, holding company accounts, cost and management accounting: Ratio analysis, funds flow analysis, cash flow analysis, marginal costing and break-even analysis
Cost and management accounting: Standard costing, budgetary control, costing for decision-making responsibility accounting

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

Business economics
Nature and uses of business Economics, concept of profit and wealth maximization
Demand analysis and elasticity of demand, indifference curve analysis, law utility analysis and laws of returns and law of variable proportions cost, revenue, price determination in different market situations: Perfect competition
Price determination in different market situations: Monopolistic competition, monopoly, price discrimination and oligopoly, pricing strategies

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

Business statistics and data processing
Data types, data collection, and analysis, sampling, need, errors and methods of sampling, normal distribution, hypothesis testing, analysis, and interpretation of data, correlation and regression, small sample tests-t-test, F-test, and chi-square test
Data processing-elements, data entry, data processing, and computer applications, computer application to functional areas-accounting, inventory control, marketing

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

Business management
Principles of management, planning-objectives, strategies, planning process, decision-making, organizing, organizational structure, formal and informal organizations, organizational culture, staffing, leading: Motivation, leadership, committees
Leading: Communication, controlling, corporate governance, and business ethics

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

Marketing management
The evolution of marketing, concepts of marketing, marketing mix, marketing environment, consumer behaviour, marketing segmentation, product decisions, pricing decisions, distribution decisions, promotion decisions, marketing planning
Organizing and control

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

Financial management
Capital structure, financial and operating leverage, cost of capital, capital budgeting, working capital management, dividend policy

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

Human resources management
Concepts, role, and functions of human resource management, human resource planning, recruitment, and selection, training and development, succession planning, compensation: Wage and salary administration, incentive and fringe benefits
Compensation: Morale and productivity, performance appraisal, industrial relations in India, health, safety, welfare, and social security, workers’ participation in management

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

Banking and financial institution
Importance of banking to business, types of banks and their functions, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and rural banking, banking sector reforms in India, NPA, capital adequacy norms, e-banking, development banking: IDBI, IFCI, SFCS, UTI, SIDBI

Commerce-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

International business
Theoretical foundations of international business, balance of payments, international liquidity, international economic institutions-IMF, world bank IFC, IDA, ADB, world trade organization-its functions and policies
Structure of India’s foreign trade: Composition and direction, EXIM bank, EXIM policy of India, regulation and promotion of foreign trade

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) +

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

Electronic transport in semiconductor
PN Junction, diode equation and diode equivalent circuit
Breakdown in diodes, Zener diodes, tunnel diode, semiconductor diodes, characteristics and equivalent circuits of BJT, JET, MOSFET, IC fabrication-crystal growth, epitaxy, oxidation, lithography, doping, etching, isolation methods, metallization, bonding
Thin film active and passive devices

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

Superposition
Thevenin, Norton, and maximum power transfer theorems, network elements, network graphs, nodal and mesh analysis, zero and poles, bode plots, Laplace, Fourier, and Z-transforms
Time and frequency domain responses
Image impedance and passive filters
Two-port network parameters
Transfer functions, signal representation
State variable method of circuit analysis, A.C. circuit analysis, transient analysis

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

Rectifiers
Voltage regulated ICs and regulated power supply, biasing of bipolar junction transistors and JFET
Single stage amplifiers, multistage amplifiers, feedback in amplifiers, oscillators, function generators, multivibrators, operational amplifiers (OPAMP)-characteristics and applications, computational applications, integrator, differentiator
Wave shaping circuits, F to V and V to F converters
Active filters, Schmitt trigger, phase locked loop

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

Logic families
Flip-flops, gates, Boolean algebra and minimization techniques, multivibrators, and clock circuits, counters-ring, ripple
Synchronous, asynchronous, up and down shift registers, multiplexers, and demultiplexers, arithmetic circuits, memories, A/D and D/A converters

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

Architecture of 8085 and 8086 microprocessors
Addressing modes, 8085 instruction set, 8085 interrupts, programming, memory and I/O interfacing, Interfacing 8155, 8255, 8279, 8253, 8257, 8259, 8251, with 8085 microprocessors, serial communication protocols
Introduction of microcontrollers (8 bit)-8031/ 8051, and 8048

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

Introduction of high-level programming language
Introduction of data in c
Operators and its precedence, various data types in C, storage classes in C, decision-making and forming loop in program, handling character, arrays in C, structure and union, user defined function, pointers in C, advanced pointer
Pointer to structures, pointer to functions, dynamic data structure, file handling in C, command line argument, graphics-video modes, video adapters, drawing various objects on screen, interfacing to external hardware via serial/ parallel port using C
Applying c to electronic circuit problems
Introduction to object-oriented programming and c++
Introduction of FORTRAN language, programming discipline, statements to write a program, intrinsic functions, integer-type data, type statement, IF statement, data validation, format-directed input and output
Subscripted variables and do loops
Array, Fortran subprogram

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

Maxwell's equations
Time varying fields, wave equation and its solution, rectangular waveguide, propagation of wave in ionosphere, Poynting vector, antenna parameters, half-wave antenna, transmission lines, characteristic of impedance matching, Smith chart
Microwave components-T, magic-T, Tuner
Circulator isolator, direction couplers, sources-reflex Klystron, principle of operation of magnetron, solid state microwave devices; basic theory of Gunn, GaAs FET, crystal defector and PIN diode for detection of microwaves

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

Basic principles of amplitude
Frequency and phase modulation, demodulation, intermediate frequency and principle of superheterodyne receiver, spectral analysis, and signal transmission through linear systems, random signals and noise, noise temperature and noise figure
Basic concepts of information theory, digital modulation and demodulation, PM, PCM, ASK, FSK, PSK, time-division multiplexing, frequency-division multiplexing, data communications-circuits, codes and modems
Basic concepts of signal processing and digital filters

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

Characteristics of solid state power devices
SCR, Triac, UJT, triggering circuits, converters, choppers, inverters, converters
AC-regulators, speed control of A.C. and D.C motors
Stepper and synchronous motors; three phase controlled rectifier; switch mode power supply; Uninterrupted power supply

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

Optical sources
LED, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, semiconductor diode LASER, photodetectors-p-n photodiode
PIN photodiode, phototransistors, optocouplers, solar cells, display devices, optical fibers-light propagation in fiber, types of fiber, characteristic parameters, modes, fiber splicing, fiber optic communication system-coupling to and from the fiber
Fiber optic communication system-modulation, multiplexing, and coding, repeaters, bandwidth and rise time budgets

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 11

Transduces
Resistance, inductance capacitance, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, Hall effect, photoelectric, tachogenerators, measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque, strain, speed and sound temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, thickness
PH, position
Measuring equipment-measurement of R, L and C, bridge and potentiometers, voltage, current, power, energy, frequency/ time, phase, DVMs, DMMs, CRO, digital storage oscilloscope, logic probes, logic state analyzer, spectrum analyzer, recorder
Measuring equipment-noise and interference in instrumentation, instrumentation amplifiers, radio telemetry
Analytical instruments-biomedical instruments-ECG, blood pressure measurements, spectrophotometers, electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer

Electronic science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 12

Open-loop and close-loop control system
Error amplifier, on-off controller, proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI), proportional-derivative (PD), PID controllers, dynamic behaviour of control systems-servomechanism characteristics, parameters of control systems-accuracy, sensitivity
Parameters of control systems-disturbances, transient response, stability, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, bode plots, Nyquist criterion, controlling speed. Temperature and position using analog/ digital control circuits

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) +

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

Definition, principles, and scope of environmental science
Earth, man, and environment
Ecosystems, pathways in ecosystems
Physico-chemical and biological factors in the environment
Geographical classification and zones
Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere
Mass and energy transfer across the various interfaces, material balance
First and second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer processes
Scale of meteorology, pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation, and wind
Atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing heights, wind roses
Natural resources, conservation, and sustainable development

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

Fundamentals of environmental chemistry
Stoichiometry, Gibbs’ energy, chemical potential, chemical-equilibrium, acid base reactions, solubility product, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, radionuclides
Chemical composition of air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles, ions, and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter
Chemical composition of air: Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Oxygen and ozone chemistry, chemistry of air pollutants, photochemical smog
Water chemistry: Chemistry of water, concept of DO, BOD, COD, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, redox potential
Soil Chemistry: Inorganic and organic components of soil, nitrogen pathways, and NPK in soils
Toxic chemicals in the environment-air, water: Pesticides in water. Biochemical aspects of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, O₃, and PAN pesticides, insecticides, MIC, carcinogens in the air
Principles of analytical methods: Titrimetry, gravimetry, colourimetry, spectrophotometry, chromatography, gas chromatography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, GLC, HPLC, electrophoresis. X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, flame photometry

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

Definition, principles, and scope of ecology
Human ecology and human settlement, evolution, origin of life, and speciation
Ecosystems: Structure and functions, abiotic and biotic components, energy flows, food chains, food web, ecological pyramids, types, and diversity. Ecological succession, population, community ecology and parasitism, prey predator relationships
Common flora and fauna in India: Aquatic-phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrophytes, terrestrial: Forests
Endangered and threatened species: Biodiversity and its conservation-definition, ‘hotspots’ of biodiversity, strategies for biodiversity conservation. National parks and sanctuaries. Gene pool. Microflora of atmosphere: Air sampling techniques
Endangered and threatened species: Microflora of atmosphere-identification of aeroallergens. Air-borne diseases and allergies. Environmental biotechnology: Fermentation technology, vermiculture technology, biofertilizer technology

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

Environmental geosciences
Fundamental concepts
The earth systems and biosphere: Conservation of matter in various geospheres-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Energy budget of the earth. Earth's thermal environment and seasons. Ecosystems flow of energy and matter
The earth systems and biosphere: Coexistence in communities-food webs, earth's major ecosystems-terrestrial and aquatic. General relationship between landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian monsoon, El nino, droughts
The earth systems and biosphere: Tropical cyclones and western disturbances
Earth's processes and geological hazards: Earth’s processes; concept of residence, time and rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological hazards. Study of floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanism and avalanche
Earth's processes and geological hazards: Prediction and perception of the hazards and adjustments to hazardous activities
Mineral resources and environment: Resources and reserves, minerals and population. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources. Environmental impact of exploitation, processing, and smelting of minerals
Water resources and environment: Global water balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of sea levels. Origin and composition of seawater. Hydrological cycle. Factors influencing the surface water. Types of water. Resources of oceans
Water resources and environment: Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of surface and groundwaters. Groundwater pollution
Land Use planning: The land use plan. Soil surveys in relation to land use planning. Methods of site selection and evaluation
Environmental geochemistry: Concept of major, trace and REE. Classification of trace elements, mobility of trace elements, geochemical cycles. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use, trace elements and health
Environmental geochemistry: Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements. Diseases induced by human use of land. Principles of remote sensing and its application of environmental sciences. Application of GIS in environmental management

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

Sun as source of energy
Solar radiation and its spectral characteristics: Fossil fuels-classification, composition, physicochemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal
Principles of generation of ocean thermal energy conversion, wind, geothermal energy; solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds; nuclear energy-fission and fusion; magnetohydrodynamic power, bioenergy-energy from biomass and biogas
Anaerobic digestion; energy use pattern in different parts of the world
Environmental implication of energy use; CO₂, emissions, global warming, air and thermal pollution; radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactors; impacts of large-scale exploitation of solar, wind, hydro and ocean energy

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

Air, water, soil, noise, marine pollution
Air: Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution. Primary and secondary pollutants. Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Gas laws governing the behaviour of pollutants in the atmosphere
Air: Methods of monitoring and control of air pollution SO₂, NOₓ, CO, SPM. Effects of pollutants on human beings, plants, animals, materials and on climate. Acid Rain. Air Quality Standards
Water: Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physico-chemical and bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality, standards, sewage and wastewater treatment and recycling. Water quality standard
Soil: Physicochemical and bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil quality. Soil pollution control. Industrial waste effluents and heavy metals, their interactions with soil components. Soil microorganisms and their functions
Soil: Degradation of different insecticides, fungicides, and weedicides in soil. Different kinds of synthetic fertilizers (NP and K) and their interactions with different components of soil
Noise: Sources of noise pollution, measurement of noise and Indices, effect of meteorological parameters on noise propagation. Noise exposure levels and standards. Noise control and abatement measures. Impact of noise on human health
Marine: Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria employed for disposal of pollutants in marine system-coastal management. Radioactive and thermal pollution

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

Introduction to environmental impact analysis
Environmental impact statement and environmental management plan
EIA guidelines 1994, notification of government of India
Impact assessment methodologies
Generalized approach to impact analysis
Procedure for reviewing environmental impact analysis and statement
Guidelines for environmental audit
Introduction to environmental planning
Baseline information and predictions (land, water, atmosphere, energy, etc)
Restoration and rehabilitation technologies
Land use policy for India
Urban planning for india
Rural planning and land use pattern
Concept and strategies of sustainable development
Cost-benefit analysis
Environmental priorities in india and sustainable development

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

Sources and generation of solid wastes
Their characterization, chemical composition and classification
Different methods of disposal and management of solid wastes (hospital wastes and hazardous wastes) recycling of waste material
Waste minimization technologies
Hazardous wastes management and handling rules, 1989, resource management, disaster management and risk analysis
Environment protection-issues and problems, international and national efforts for environment protection, provision of constitution of India regarding environment (article 48A and 58A)
Environmental policy resolution, legislation, public policy strategies in pollution control, wildlife protection act, 1972 amended 1991, forest conservation act, 1980, Indian forests act (revised) 1982
Air (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1981 as amended by amendment act, 1987 and rule 1982, motor vehicle act, 1988, the water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 as amended up to 1988 and rules 1975
The environment (protection) act, 1986 and rules 1986, scheme of labelling of environmentally friendly products (ecomark), public liability insurance act, 1991 and rules 1991

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

Basic elements and tools of statistical analysis
Probability, sampling, measurement and distribution of attributes; distribution-normal, t and , x², Poisson and binomial; arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means; moments; matrices, simultaneous linear equations; tests of hypothesis and significance
Introduction to environmental system analysis; approaches to development of models; linear simple and multiple regression models, validation, and forecasting
Models of population growth and interactions-Lotka-Volterra model, Leslie's matrix model, point source stream pollution model, box model, Gaussian plume model

Environment science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

Environmental education and awareness
Environmental ethics and global imperatives
Global environmental problems-ozone depletion, global warming and climatic change
Current environmental issue in india
Context: Narmada dam, Tehri dam, Almatti dam, soil erosion, formation and reclamation of usar, alkaline, and saline soil
Waste lands and their reclamation
Desertification and its control
Vehicular pollution and urban air quality
Depletion of natural resources
Biodiversity conservation and agenda-21
Waste disposal, recycling, and power generation, fly ash utilization
Water crises-conservation of water
Environmental hazards
Eutrophication and restoration of indian lakes
Rain water harvesting
Wetlands conservation
Epidemiological issues (example goitre, fluorosis, arsenic)

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core) +

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

Food science
Food groups, food preparation, food preservation, food science and food analysis, food processing

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

Nutrition science
Fundamentals of nutrition, nutritional biochemistry, food microbiology, public nutrition, therapeutic nutrition

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

Institutional management
Management of hospitality institutes-hospital/ hotel/ restaurant/ café and outdoor catering, management of social institutes-family as institute, child care and geriatric institutes, panchayats, managements of educational institutes-pre-school
Managements of educational institutes-primary, and secondary schools, (colleges and universities) higher educational institutes, management of special institutes for physically, mentally, and socially challenged
Challenges and problems faced by institutions

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

Clothing
Principles of clothing-socio psychological aspects of clothing, selection of fabrics, clothing, and family clothing, clothing, construction-basic principles of drafting, flat pattern, and draping methods, textile design-principles and concepts
Fashion design, fashion cycles, business and merchandising, care and maintenance of textile materials and garments; laundry agents-methods and equipments

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

Textiles
General properties and fine structure of all textile fibers, processing and manufacture of all natural and man-made fibers, definition and classification of yarns; identification of yarns and its use in various fabrics, fabric construction
Definition and types of woven, non-woven, knitted and other construction techniques, testings of fibers, yarns and fabric; importance of quality control and research institutes

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

Resource management
Concept of home management and steps management of human resources; classification of resources; basis characteristics of resources, decision making in family; steps in decision making; methods of resolving conflicts, work simplification
Importance of work simplification in home; Mundel’s classes of change; simple pen and pencil technique in work simplification, housing, interior design, principles of interior design, various colours and colour scheme
Household equipment-selection and care

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

Human development
Child development-principles and stages, lifespan development-theories of human development and behaviour, child rearing, socialization practices, and dynamics, early childhood care and education-emerging trends
Development problems and disabilities during childhood and adolescence, guidance and counseling, advanced child study methods and assessment, women’s studies, family welfare programme-recent approaches

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

Non-formal education and extension education
History and development of home science in formal/ non-formal and extension education, theory and practices of programmes/ curriculum planning and development, management and administration of formal/ non-formal and extension education
Monitoring, supervision, and evaluation of formal, non-formal and extension education, vocationalization of home science in India
Theories and principles of guidance and counseling in formal/ non-formal/ extension, problems and challenges encountered in formal/ non-formal/ extension

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

Development and educational communication
Concept and classification of communication, traditional methods and materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use, modern methods and materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use, strategies for development communication
Classroom communications in home science trends, communication for publicity and public relations, change and challenges in communication in contemporary society

Home science-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

Methods of research
Trends in research in home science, research designs, types of research, sampling techniques, selection and preparation of tools for data collection, type of variables and their selection, data collection and classification/ coding
Analysis of data through parametric and non-parametric statistics, report writing-presentation of data, interpretation, and discussion

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) +

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

Information, information science, information society
Information as a resource/ commodity, information transfer cycle-generation, collection, storage, and dissemination, role of information in planning, management, socio economic development, technology transfer, communication-channels, barriers
Intellectual property rights-concept, copyright, censorship-print and non-print media, library and information policy at the national level

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

Laws of library science
Library resource sharing and networking, library movement and library legislation to India, library extension services, library and information science education in India, library and information profession
Library associations in India, UK, and USA-ILA, IASLIC, IATUIS, SIS, LA, ASLIB, SLA, and ALA, library associations organizations at international level-FID, IFLA, and UNESCO

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

Sources of information
Primary, secondary, and tertiary-documentary and ‘non-documentary, Reference sources-encyclopedias, dictionaries, geographical sources, biographical sources, year-books/ almanacs, directories, and, handbooks, statistical (salient features and evaluation)
Bibliographical sources-bibliographies, union catalogues, indexing and abstracting journals (salient features and evaluation), e-documents, e-books, e-journals, databases-bibliographic, numeric, and full text-evaluation

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

Reference and information services, referral service
Bibliographic service, indexing and abstracting service, CAS, SDI, digest, service, trend report, online services, translation services, reprographic services

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

Organization of knowledge/ information
Modes of formation of subjects, library classification-canons and principles, library classification schemes-DDC, UDC, and CC, library cataloguing-canons and principles, library cataloguing codes-CCC and AACR-II
Bibliographic records-international standards-ISBDS, MARC, and CCF, indexing-pre-coordinate, post-coordinate, vocabulary control-thesaurus, lists of subject headings, databases-search strategies, Boolean operators, knowledge management

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

Management
Principles, functions, schools of thought, planning, organization structure, decision making, system study-analysis, evaluation and design, collection development-books, serials, non-book materials-selection, acquisition, maintenance; ISBN, ISSN
Collection development-Cataloguing-In-Publication (CIP), human resources management-manpower planning, job analysis, job, description, selection, recruitment, motivation training and development, staff manual, leadership and performance evaluation
Delegation of authority, financial management-resource generation, types of budgeting, cost and cost-benefit analysis, PERT, CPM, library buildings and equipments, performance evaluation of libraries/ information centers and services
Marketing information product and services, total quality management (TQM)

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

Information technology
Components; impact of IT on society, computers-hardware, software, storage devices, input/ output devices, telecommunication-transmission media, switching systems, bandwidth, multiplexing, modulation, protocols, wireless communication, fax, e-mail
Teleconferencing/ video-conferencing, Bulletin board service, teletext; videotext, voice mail, networking-concepts, topologies, types-LAN, MAN, and WAN, hypertext, hypermedia, multimedia, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Open systems interconnection (OSI)

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

Library automation
Areas of automation, planning, hardware and software selection, OPAC, networks-ERNET, NICNET, DELNET, JANET, BLAISE, OCLC, INFLIBNET, INTERNET-components, services, browsing-web browsers, search engines, meta-data, digital object identifier (DOI)
National and international information systems-NISSAT, NASSDOC, INSDOC, DESIDOC, INIS, AGRIS, MEDLARS, INSPEC

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

Types of research
Basic, applied, interdisciplinary, research design, scientific method, hypotheses, data collection, sampling, methods of research-historical, descriptive, case study, survey, comparative and experimental
Statistical methods, data analysis, report writing, research methods in library and information science and services bibliometrics

Library and information science-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

Types of libraries
National, public, academic, and special objectives, structure and functions, digital libraries-concept virtual libraries-concept, types of users, user studies, user education
Role of UGC in the growth and development of libraries and information centers in institutions of higher education in India, role of Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation (RRLF)

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core) +

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

Managerial economics
Demand analysis, production function, cost-output relations, market structures, pricing theories, advertising, macroeconomics, national income concepts, infrastructure-management and policy, business environment, capital budgeting

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

The concept and significance of organizational behaviour
Skills and roles in an organization, classical, neoclassical, and modern theories of organizational structure, organizational design, understanding and managing individual behaviour personality, perception, values, attitudes, learning, motivation
Understanding and managing group behaviour, processes, interpersonal and group dynamics, communication, leadership, managing change, managing conflicts
Organizational development

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

Concepts and perspectives in HRM
HRM in changing environment, human resource planning-objectives, process, and techniques, job analysis-job description, selecting human resources, induction, training, and development, exit policy and implications, performance appraisal and evaluation
Potential assessment, job evaluation, wage determination, industrial relations and trade unions, dispute resolution and grievance management, labour welfare and social security measures

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

Financial management
Nature and scope, valuation concepts and valuation of securities, capital budgeting decisions-risk analysis, capital structure and cost of capital, dividend policy-determinants, long-term and short-term financing instruments, mergers, and acquisitions

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

Marketing environment and environment scanning
Marketing information systems and marketing research; understanding consumer and industrial markets; demand measurement and forecasting; market, segmentation-targeting and positioning; product decisions, product mix, product life cycle
New product development; branding and packaging; pricing methods and strategies
Promotion decisions-promotion mix; advertising; personal selling; channel management; vertical marketing systems; evaluation and control of marketing effort; marketing of services; customer relation management
Uses of internet as a marketing medium-other related issues like branding, market development, advertising and retailing on the net
New issues in marketing

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

Role and scope of production management
Facility location; layout planning and analysis; production planning and control-production process analysis; demand forecasting for operations; determinants of product mix; production scheduling; work measurement; time and motion study
Statistical quality control
Role and scope of operations research; linear programming; sensitivity analysis; duality; transportation model; inventory control; queueing theory; decision theory; Markov analysis; PERT/ CPM

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

Probability theory
Probability distributions-binomial, Poisson, normal and exponential; correlation and regression analysis; sampling theory; sampling distributions; tests of hypothesis; large and small samples; t, z, F, chi-square tests
Use of computers in managerial applications; technology issues and data processing in organizations; information systems; MIS and decision making; system analysis and design; trends in information technology; internet and internet-based applications

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

Concept of corporate strategy
Components of strategy formulation; Ansoff's growth vector; BCG model; Porter's generic strategies; competitor analysis; strategic dimensions and group mapping; industry analysis; strategies in industry evolution, fragmentation, maturity, and decline
Competitive strategy and corporate strategy; transnationalization of world economy; managing cultural diversity; global entry strategies; globalization of financial system and services; managing international business; competitive advantage of nations
Rtp and wto

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

Concepts
Types, characteristics; motivation; competencies and its development; innovation and entrepreneurship; small business-concepts government policy for promotion of small and tiny enterprises; process of business opportunity identification
Detailed business plan preparation; managing small enterprises; planning for growth; sickness in small enterprises; rehabilitation of sick enterprises; entrepreneurship (organizational entrepreneurship)

Management-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

Ethics and management system
Ethical issues and analysis in management; value based organizations; personal framework for ethical choices; ethical pressure on individual in organizations; gender issues; ecological consciousness; environmental ethics
Social responsibilities of business; corporate governance and ethics

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) +

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

Communication and journalism
Basic terms, concepts, and definition, nature, and process, types of communication, mass communication-nature of media and content, mass communication in India-reach, access, and nature of audience

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

Role of media in society
Characteristics of Indian society-demographic and sociological impact of media in general, impact of media on specific audiences-women, children, etc
Mass media effects studies and their limitations, mass campaigns for specific issues-social concerns, environment, human rights, gender equality, the press, radio, television, cinema, and traditional form of communication

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

Journalism as a profession
Journalists-their role and responsibilities Indian constitution, and freedom of press, research restrictions, ethics, and journalism, careers in journalism and mass media, training-problems, perception and response by the industry
Media management-principles and practices, professional organizations in media, media laws in India

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

History of print and broadcast media in general with particular reference to India
Post-independent developments in print, newspapers-English and Indian language press-major landmarks, magazines-their role, book phase, and contemporary situation, small newspapers-problems and prospects, press commission
Press councils-their recommendations and status, development of radio after independence-extension role, radio rural forums and local broadcasting-general and specific audience programmes, development of television-perception
Development of television-initial development and experimental approach; SITE phase and evaluation; expansion of television-post-asiad phase, issues concerns and debates over a period of time
Committees in broadcasting-background recommendations and implementation, cinema-historical overview and contemporary analysis-commercial, parallel, and documentary genres-problems and prospects for the film industry

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

Communication and theories of social change
Role of media in social change-dominant paradigms, critique of the dominant paradigm and alternative conception, development initiatives-state, market and the third force (NGO sector)
Participatory approaches and community media-ownership and management perspectives

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

Introduction of research methods and process
Mass communication research-historical overview, administrative and critical traditions, effects research-strengths and limitations, communication research in India-landmark studies related to site, content analysis-quantitative and qualitative approaches
Market research and its relationship to communication particularly advertising, sampling techniques-strengths and limitations, statistical methods of analysis basics

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

Colonial structures of communication
Decolonization and aspirations of nations, conflicts related to media coverage and representation, international news agencies-critique, MacBride commission-recommendations and policy options
Contemporary issues related to transnational broadcasting and its impact on culture, various perspectives and cultural impact, convergence of media-problems and options, media policies in an international context
India's position and approach to international communication issues

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

Radio and TV and video as media of communication
Grammar of TV and radio and video, the production team, role of producer, different types of programmes, writing for radio, writing for TV-researching for scripts, the visual language, camera movements, basic theories of composition-cues and commands
Formats for radio-television-news, sitcoms, features, commercials, operas, documentaries, cinema, theatre, drama, editing theory and practice, sound design, microphones, sets and lighting satellite, cable television, computers, microchips

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

Advertising
Marketing, ad copy and layout, public relations, public opinion, propaganda

Mass communication and journalism-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

The techniques
Different forms of writing, printing technology and production methods, news agencies, syndicates, and freelancing, specialized areas of journalism

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core) +

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

Technical-terminology
Nada, Shruti, Swara, Grama-Moorchana, Jati, Raga, Tala, Tan, Gamak, Gandharva-Gaan, Marga-Desi, Giti, Gaan, Varna, Alankar, melody, harmony, musical scales, musical intervals, consonance-dissonance, harmonics
Western and south Indian terminology and their explanation, drone, Alpatva-Bahutva, Abirbhav-Tirobhav, Uthan, Peshkar, Kayda, Rela, Rang, Laggi, Ladi, Farshbandi, Tala, Laya, Matra, Avartan, Vibhag, Sashabda Kriya, Nishabda Kriya, Theka, Saral Gat
Adi Gat, Chakradhar Gat, Farmaishi Gat and other variety of Gats and Kayadas, Upanga, Bhashanga, Gita, Kriti, Kirtana, Jatiswara, Pada, Swarajathi, Ragamalika, Tillana, Nyasa, Amsa, Prasa, Yati, Anuprasa, Alapana, Neraval, Sangati and other terms
Gitinatya, Nritya-natya, Baitalik, VarshaMangal, Basantotsav, Gita-Bitana, Swara-Bitana, Akarmatrik notation, Masitkhani and Rajakhani Gat

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

Applied theory
Detailed and critical study of Ragas, classification of Ragas, that is, Grama Raga vargikaran, Mela Raga Vargikaran, Raga-Ragini Vargikaran, Thata Raga Vargikaran, and Raganga Vargikaran, time-theory of Ragas
Application of melody and harmony in Indian music, placement of Shuddha and Vikrit Swaras on Shruties in ancient, medieval, and modern period
Detailed knowledge of prevalent talas of Hindustani music, knowledge of tala Dasa Pranas and Marga and Desi talas of ancient period, the original principles of making Tihai, Chakradhar Gat, Chakradhar Paran
Comparative study of Hindustani and Carnatic tala system with special reference to ten pranas of tala, detailed study of different layakaris viz, Dugun, Tiguan, Chaugun, Ada, Kuada Viyada and method to apply them in compositions
Tagore’s treatment of Hindustani ragas and raginis, elements of Hindustani classical music, Karnatak music, Western music, music from other provinces, folk music and Kirtan of Bengal and their influence on Tagore’s treatment of ragas

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

Compositional forms and their evolution
Prabandha, Dhrupada, Khyal, Dhamar, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, Chaturang, Trivat, Vrindagana, Vrinda Vadan, Javeli, Kriti, Tillana, Alap, Varnam (Pad Varnam and Tana Varnam), Padam, Ragam, Tanam, Pallavi, Gita, Varna, Swarajit, Kalpita, Sangita, Ragamalika
Narvallu, Swara Kalpana (Manodharma Sangeet), Tevaram, Divya Prabandham, Thiruppugazh
Main forms of rabindra sangeet
Akarmatrik notation system
Knowledge of devanagari script
History of music of bengal

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

Gharanas and gayaki
Origin and development of gharanas in hindustani music and their contribution in preserving and promoting traditional hindustani classical music
Merits and demerits of gharana system
Origin and development of Gharana in instrumental music and percussion and their contribution in promoting traditional Indian classical music merits and demerits of Gharana system
Study of the traditions and specialities of different Gharanas in vocal, instrument and percussion group
Desirability and possibility of gharanas in contemporary music
Guru shishya parampara and different styles of singing and playing in Carnatic music
An overall survey of Rabindra Nath Tagore’s musical creativity, tonal and rhythmic varieties of Tagore’s musical compositions including his own experimental variations
Periods and phases of Tagore’s musical. (chronological order may be maintained)
The cultural atmosphere of Tagore’s family (Pathuriaghata and Jorasanko, Calcutta) thematic variations of Tagore’s Music: (Puja, Swadesh, Prem, Prakriti, Vichitra, Anusthanik)

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

Contribution of scholars to Indian music and their textual tradition
Narad, Bharat, Dattil, Matanga, Sharangadeve, Nanyadeve, and others
Lochan, Ramamatya, Pundarik Vitthal, Somnath, Damodar Mishra, Ahobal, Hridaya Narain Deva, Vynkatmakhi, Sriniwas, Pt. Bhatkhande, Pt. V. D. Paluskar, Pt. Omkarnath Thakur, K. C. D. Brahaspati, Dr. Premlata Sharma, and others
Study of ancient, medieval, and modern treatises in percussion instruments like Bharat Natyashastra, Sangeet Samaysar, Radha Govind Sangit Sar, Madrul Mosiqui, Bhartiya Vadyoon Ka Itihas, sangeet Shastra, Bhartiya Sangeet Mei Taal aur Roop
Abhinav Tala Manjari, Bhartiya Sangeet Vadya, and other treatises
Contribution of various scholars to percussion instruments like Kudau Singh, Bhagwan Das, Raja Chatrapati Singh, Anokhe Lal, medieval, and modern period
Tagore’s musical dramas (gitinatyas) and dance-dramas (nrityanatyas); example, Valmiki Pratibha, Kalmrigaya, Mayar Khela, Chitrangada, Chandalika, Shyama and other dramas full of various songs, that is, dramas like Prayaschita, Visarjan, Saradotsava
Raja, Phalguni, Tasher Desh, Vasanta etc
Tagore’s musical creativity in Gitabitan, part I, II, III, Swarabitan (notation books) Part I-63, Sangee-Chinta (Vishva-Bharti)
Contribution of prominent Karnataka scholars, composers, and performers and their medieval and modern period like, work such as Ramayana, Venkatamakhi, Tyagaraja, Muttu-Swami Dikshitara, Shyama Sastri, Gopal Krishna Bharati, Prof. Sambamoorthy
Papanasam Sivan, Vasantha Kumari, Subbulakshmi, Ramari, T. N. Krishnan, and others

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

Historical perspective of music
A study of the historical development of Hindustani music (vocal, instrumental, percussion), Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet in ancient, medieval, and modern period
Contribution of western scholars to indian music

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

Aesthetics
Its origin, expression and appreciation: Principle of aesthetics and its relation to Indian music
Rasa theory and its application to indian music
Relationship of musical aesthetics and Rasa to Hindustani music (vocal, instrumental, and percussion), Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
Interrelationship of fine arts with special reference to Rag-Ragini Paintings, Dhyan of Ragas and others
Bibliography of Rabindranath Tagore

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

Instrument/ dance
Origin, evolution, structure of various instruments and their well-known exponents of Hindustani (Vocal, instruments, and percussion), Karnatac music and Rabindra Sangeet
Importance of tanpura and its harmonics
Classification of instruments of Hindustani, Karnatac music in ancient, medieval, and modern period
Popular instruments used in rabindra sangeet
Elementary knowledge of Indian dances like Kathak, Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali etc

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

Folk music
Influence of folk music on Indian classical music, stylisation of folk melodies into ragas
Popular folk tunes and folk dances of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Rabindra Sangeet, such as Baul, Bhatiyali, Lavani, Garba, Kajri, Chaity, Maand, Bhangra, Gidda, Jhoomar, Swang, Pandwani, Amar-Praner Manush Acchhe Prane, Amar Sonar Bangla, Kirtan
Popular folk tunes and folk dances of Hindustani, Karnatak, and Rabindra Sangeet, such as Sari, Rai Beshe, Jhumur, Karakattam, Kavadi Attam, Villupattu, Naiyandi Melam and other prominent folk forms
Analysis of the elements of Hindustani folk music, Karnataka folk music or South Indian, folk music and Rabindra folk Sangeet or folk music of Bengal and the elements regarding their interrelationship
General study of the folk music of various regions of India like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Bengal, and South India

Music-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

Music teaching and research technologies
Guru Shishya Parampara, sangeet-Sampradaya Pradarshini and the institutional system of music teaching with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
Utility of teaching aids like electronic equipments in music education with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
The methodologies of music research, preparing synopsis, data collection, field work, writing project reports, finding bibliography, reference material etc with reference to Hindustani, Karnatak music and Rabindra Sangeet
Study of interrelation between textual and oral tradition

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (the ancient Iranian literature) +

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (the ancient Iranian literature): Unit 01

General information

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods) +

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods): Unit 01

Eminent poets and poetesses

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods): Unit 02

Important prose works

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (classical Persian literature periods): Unit 03

Periods

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature) +

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature): Unit 01

Eminent poets and poetesses

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature): Unit 02

Periods

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (Indo-Persian literature): Unit 03

Important prose works

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature) +

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature): Unit 01

General information

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature): Unit 02

Eminent authors

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (modern Persian literature): Unit 03

Famous poets and poetesses

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism) +

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 01

Literary history of Persia

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 02

History of Iranian literature

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 03

Persian literature at Mughal court

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (literary history and criticism): Unit 04

Post-revolutionary Persian verse

Persian-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) (general information regarding Persian speaking world)

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B) +

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 01

Introduction to definition, aim, and objectives of physical education and other terms
Health education and recreation
Philosophies of education as applied to physical education-idealism, naturalism, realism, pragmatism, existentialism, humanism
Biological basis of physical activity-benefits of exercise, growth, and exercise, exercise and well-being sex and age characteristics of adolescent, body types
Psychological basis of physical education-play and play theories, general principles of growth and development, principles of motor-skill acquisition, transfer of training, effects
Sociological basis of physical education-socialization process, social nature of men and physical activity, sports as cultural heritage of mankind, customs, traditions and sport, competition and cooperation
Physical education in ancient Greece, Rome, and contemporary Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and Russia
Olympic movement-historical development of ancient and modern Olympic games
Physical education in india
Factors influencing performance in sports
Bioenergetics and recovery process
Athletic injuries-their management and rehabilitation
Therapeutic modalities
Cryogenic aids and doping

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 02

Physiology of muscular activity, neurotransmission, and movement mechanism, physiology of respiration
Physiology of blood circulation

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 03

Joints and their movements
Planes and axes
Kinetics, kinematics-linear and angular, levers
Laws of motion, principles of equilibrium and force, spin, and elasticity
Posture, postural deformities, and their correction
Muscular analysis of motor movement
Mechanical analysis of various sports activities
Mechanical analysis of fundamental movements-(funning, jumping, throwing, pulling, and pushing)
Massage manipulation and therapeutic exercises

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 04

Learning process-theories and laws of learning
Motivation, theories and dynamics of motivation in sports
Psychological factors affecting sports performance-viz., stress, anxiety, tension, and aggression
Personality, its dimensions, theories, personality and performance
Individual differences and their impact on skill learning, and performance
Group dynamics, team cohesion, and leadership in sports
Sociometrics, economics, and polities in sports
Media and sports

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 05

Development of teacher education in physical education
Professional courses in sports and physical education in india
Professional ethics
Qualities and qualifications of physical educational personnel
Principles of curriculum planning
Course content for academic and professional courses
Age characteristics of pupils and selection of activities
Construction of class and school physical education time table

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 06

Health
Guiding principles of health and health education
Nutrition, and dietary manipulations
Health-related fitness, obesity and its management
Environmental and occupational hazards and first aid
Communicable diseases-their preventive and therapeutic aspect
School health programme and personal hygiene
Theories and principles of recreation
Recreation programme for various categories of people

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 07

Characteristics and principles of sports training
Training load and patronization
Training methods and specific training programme for development of various motor qualities
Technical and tactical preparation for sports
Short-term and long-term training plans
Sports talent identification-process and procedures
Preparing for competition-(build up competitions, main competition, competition frequency, psychological preparation)
Rules of games and sports and their interpretations

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 08

Nature, scope, and type of research
Formulation and selection of research problem
Sampling-process and techniques
Methods of research
Data collection-tools and techniques
Statistical techniques of data analysis-measures of central tendency and variability, correlation, normal probability curve, t-test and f-tests, chi-square, z-test
Hypothesis-formulation, types and testing
Whiting research report

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 09

Concept of test, measurement, and evaluation
Principles of measurement and evaluation
Construction and classification of tests
Criteria of test evaluation
Concepts and assessment of physical fitness, motor fitness, motor ability and motor educability
Skill test for badminton, basketball, hockey, lawn-tennis, soccer, volleyball
Testing psychological variables-competitive anxiety, aggression, team cohesion, motivation, self-concept
Anthropometric measurements and body composition

Physical education-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B): Unit 10

Concept and principles of management
Organization and functions of sports bodies
Intramurals and extramurals
Management of infrastructure, equipments, finance and personnel
Methods and techniques of teaching
Principles of planning physical education lessons
Pupil-teacher interaction and relationship
Concept of techniques of supervision

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core) +

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 01

Evolution of social work profession
Impact of social reform movements: factors that influenced the emergence of method approach in social work practice: Social work profession and human rights
Philosophy and principles of social work and their application
System approach to social work practice: Role of social work in the remedial, preventive and developmental models
Definition, relevance and scope of integrated approach to social we practice, skills and techniques
Social work education-content, training, supervision, problems and challenges

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 02

Meaning and characteristics of society, community, social group and social institution
Social structure and social stratification; theories of social change and social disorganization
Tribal, rural, and urban communities, weaker and vulnerable sections and minority groups
Population, poverty, unemployment, under developments; problems of developing economies and consequences of new economic policy
Concept of welfare state, Indian constitution-features, problems, fundamental rights and directive principles and planning in India-five-year plans
Concept and causative factors of Indian social problems-analysis
Intervention in social problems-government and voluntary efforts at micro-and macro-level
Role of the social workers in identifying social problems and development of appropriate strategies

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 03

Human behaviour, human needs, human motivation and problems of human behaviour and coping mechanisms
Human growth and development in the lifespan of individual
Learning, socialization, and theories of personality

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 04

Case work
Concept, objectives, and principles
Social case work process-intake, study, social diagnosis, treatment, termination, and evaluation
Approaches in case work-psychoanalytical, psychosocial, problem solving, behaviour modification, crisis intervention, eclectic approach
Techniques and skills in social case work: Interviews, home visit, resource mobilization, referral, environmental modification, case work relationship, communication, types of recordings in case work
Role of social case worker in various settings

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 05

Concept of group work
Assumptions, definition and goals of group work
Principles, skills, and values of social group work
Stages of group development and use of programmes for group development: Orientation stage, working stage, termination stage, programme planning, implementation and evaluation
Study of group process-group dynamics, member's behaviour, leadership, and role of the worker in various settings
Approaches and models in group work practice-therapeutic/ social ‘treatment
Development group and task-oriented group

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 06

Concept, principles and objectives of community organization
Approaches in community organization-models, strategies, and role of social worker in each of the approaches
Community development and community organization
Social action in community organization-concept, purpose, and techniques
Community organization as a para-political process-networking, conscientisation, planning and organizing, roles and strategies of social movements-types and role of NGOS

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 07

Definition, nature, scope, and purposes of social work research
Research designs, types, and methods
Steps in social work research-problem formulation, operationalisation of variables, sampling, tools and techniques of data collection, data analysis, and report writing
Role and responsibilities of the researcher
Statistics-its use and limitation in social work research (measures of central tendency, chi-square test, t-test, correlation

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 08

Social policy
Concept and scope, distinction between social and economic policies, place of ideology and values
Evolution of social policy in India; review of major policies and programmes, viz., education, health, shelter, environment, social security, employment, family, child, women and youth welfare, welfare of the weaker sections, elderly and disabled
Characteristics of social welfare organizations-size, nature, design, legal status, rules, and procedure and overall policy
Management of social welfare organizations (government and voluntary )-home relation, financial relation and physical relation
Programme and project management-identifying overall and specific needs, project formulations, monitoring and evaluation, recording and accountability

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 09

Concept of social justice
Its relationship with social legislation; civil rights; human rights; and issues of social justice
Legislations pertaining to women and children
Legislations pertaining to social defence, social security, and social assistance
Legislations pertaining to people with disability, the underprivileged and health related legislations
Role of social worker in promoting social legislation and social justice

Social work-paper-II and paper-III A (core): Unit 10

Social development
Social development-meaning, concept, and indicators
Approaches and strategies-growth and equity, minimum needs, quality of life
Global efforts for human development, concept of sustainable development
Social work and social development
Problems of social development in india

Urdu-paper-II and paper-III (A)

Hindi-paper-II and paper-III

Dongri-paper-II and paper-III (part-A and B)

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III +

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 01

The earth and the solar system
Milky way and the solar system
Modern theories on the origin of the earth and other planetary bodies
Earth's orbital parameters, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, geological time scale; space and time scales of processes in the solid earth, atmosphere, and oceans
Age of the earth
Radioactive isotopes and their applications in earth sciences
Basic principles of stratigraphy
Theories about the origin of life and the nature of fossil record
Earth's gravity and magnetic fields, and its thermal structure: Concept of geoid and, spheroid; isostasy

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 02

Earth materials, surface features, and processes
Gross composition and physical properties of important minerals and rocks; properties and processes responsible for mineral concentrations; nature and distribution of rocks and minerals in different units of the earth and different parts of India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 03

Surface features, and processes
Physiography of the earth; weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of earth's material; formation of soil, sediments and sedimentary rocks; energy balance of the earth's surface processes; physiographic features and river basins in India

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 04

Interior of the earth, deformation, and tectonics
Basic concepts of seismology and internal structure of the earth
Physico-chemical and seismic properties of earth's interior
Concepts of stress and strain
Behaviour of rocks under stress; folds, joints, and faults
Earthquakes-their causes and measurement
Interplate and intraplate seismicity
Paleomagnetism, sea floor spreading, and plate tectonics

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 05

Oceans and atmosphere
Hypsography of the continents and ocean floor-continental shelf, slope, rise, and abyssal plains
Physical and chemical properties of sea water and their spatial variations
Residence times of elements in seawater
Ocean currents, waves and tides, important current systems, thermohaline circulation, and the oceanic conveyor belt
Major water masses of the world's oceans
Biological productivity in the oceans
Motion of fluids, waves in atmospheric and oceanic systems
Atmospheric turbulence and boundary layer
Structure and chemical composition of the atmosphere, lapse rate, and stability, scale height, geopotential, greenhouse gases, and global warming
Cloud formation and precipitation processes, air-sea interactions on different space and time scales
Insolation and heat budget, radiation balance, general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean
Climatic and sea level changes on different time scales
Coupled ocean-atmosphere system, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
General weather systems of India-monsoon system, cyclone and jet stream, western disturbances and severe local convective systems, distribution of precipitation over India
Marine and atmospheric pollution, ozone depletion

Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and planetary sciences-(part-B)-paper-II and paper-III: Unit 06

Environmental earth sciences
Properties of water; hydrological cycle; water resources and management
Energy resources, uses, degradation, alternatives, and management; ecology and biodiversity
Impact of use of energy and land on the environment
Exploitation and conservation of mineral and other natural resources

Category	Percentage
General (GEN)	67
Scheduled Caste (SC)	6
Scheduled Tribe (ST)/Children of Gujjar & Bakerwals (CGB)	8
Residents of Backward Area (RBA)	12
Residents of Actual Line of Control (ALC)	2
Weak & Under Privileged Class/Social Caste (WUP)	2
Differently abled (PWD) – not less than 40% disability	3

Full Exam Name	Jammu & Kashmir State Eligibility Test
Short Exam Name	JK SET
Conducting Body	University Of Kashmir
Frequency of Conduct	Vacancy Based
Exam Level	State Level Exam
Languages	English
Mode of Application	Online
Application Fee (General)	1100 Rs [Online]
Mode of Exam	Offline
Exam Duration	5 Hours

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General paper on teaching and research aptitude-paper-I -

Teaching aptitude

Research aptitude

Reading comprehension

Communication

Reasoning (including mathematical)

Logical reasoning

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