HPAS 2025 Exam - Admit card, Pattern, Syllabus, Result, Cutoff

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 01

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 02

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 03

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 04

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc (class-X level)

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc (class-X level)

Aptitude test-Paper-II: Unit 07

Hindi in Devanagari script: Unit 01

Hindi in Devanagari script: Unit 02

Hindi in Devanagari script: Unit 03

Hindi in Devanagari script: Unit 04

• Idioms, corrections, etc

General Studies-I: Unit 01

• Literature and art forms from ancient times to 1947: Major structural and rock-cut temple architecture, sculptural art and major schools of paintings
• Modern Indian history from mid-18th century to 1980
• Freedom struggle: Its various stages and the role of eminent personalities from different parts of India

General Studies-I: Unit 02

• Fascist ideology and its global implications
• World Wars and boundary settlements after the First and the Second World wars
• Concept of decolonization, nationalism and socialism, globalization and concept of modernity

General Studies-I: Unit 03

• Kangra, Kullu and Chamba
• Hill States and their relations with the Mughals and the Sikhs
• Gorkha invasion-Its nature and consequences, treaty of Segauli
• Hill states under the colonial power: Political and administrative history. Grants, Sanads and territorial aggression
• Social and economic conditions under colonial period with special reference to social practices of Beth, Begar and Reet
• Establishment of British cantonments
• National movement with special reference to Praja Mandal movements in Himachal Pradesh, 1848-1948
• Five year plans and vision for the developed hill state
• Survey of artistic and cultural heritage (temples, Budhist monasteries and paintings)

General Studies-I: Unit 04

• Concepts, definitions, disaster classifications including natural and man-made disasters
• Social and environmental impacts of disasters
• Disaster profile of the country
• Approaches to disaster risk reductions
• Disaster management models
• Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders including community, concept of first responders
• Interrelationship of disaster and development
• Disaster management in India including disaster management act, 2005, national and state policies, plans and institutional mechanism in the country

General Studies-I: Unit 05

• India as a unit of geographical study
• Aspects of the physical geography of India-structure and relief, climate, soils and vegetation, geomorphic set up (mountain ranges and rivers and other water bodies)
• Human aspects-population distribution, urban population, internal migration
• Language and literacy, villages and towns in India
• Settlements, industry and transport

General Studies-I: Unit 06

• Relief, drainage, vegetation cover and types
• Climate and climatic zones in Himachal Pradesh
• Geographical regions of Himachal Pradesh (Shiwalik, Doons and low valleys, outer valleys of Sub Himalaya, mid hill tracts of high Himalaya, high hills and valleys and inner zones)
• Human aspects: Quantitative, qualitative and temporal characteristics of population, urbanisation pattern
• Policies: Forest, industrial and tourism policies, growth of industrial areas and types of Industries in Himachal, employment generation and potential, scope of future industrialization, hazard vulnerability and risk profile of Himachal Pradesh

General Studies-I: Unit 07

• Social institutions: Family, marriage, kinship, religion and social stratification in India
• Women empowerment and social justice: Policies for women empowerment in India, laws for protection of women, women security and safety initiatives in India
• Child rights and right to education
• Rights of differently-able persons and quality of life for them

General Studies-I: Unit 08

• Philosophical basis of public service/ governance and integrity, professionalism, accountability
• Objectivity and transparency, information sharing and right to information, codes of conduct, work culture, challenges of corruption and political pressures
• Gandhian thought: Truth and non-violence, Satyagraha, ends and means, religion and politics

General Studies-I: Unit 09

• Culture, customs, fairs and festivals, and religious beliefs and practices, recreation and amusement
• Tribes of Himachal Pradesh: Their historical, social, cultural, economic and legal aspects
• Family, marriage, kinship, and caste system in Himachal Pradesh

General Studies-II: Unit 01

• Constitution of India: Historical underpinning, evolution, salient features
• Significant provisions including fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, fundamental duties
• Amending process and important constitutional amendments and theory of basic structure

General Studies-II: Unit 02

• Functions and responsibilities of union and states, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up-to local level and challenges therein
• Salient features of the representation of people's act
• Appointments to various constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various constitutional bodies in India

General Studies-II: Unit 03

• Development of political parties, major political parties and their support base and performance in the assembly and parliamentary elections in Himachal Pradesh
• Politics of sub-regionalism and pressure groups in the state
• Structure, organization and functioning of statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies in Himachal Pradesh

General Studies-II: Unit 04

• Governance, good governance, citizen charters, effective public service delivery, transparency, accountability and ethics in governance in India
• District administration: Changing role of deputy commissioner
• Local self-government in urban and rural areas in India

General Studies-II: Unit 05

• Self help groups (SHGs) and civil society in governance in India
• Bodies constituted, policies, programmes and schemes for welfare of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes
• Women, minorities, backward classes, differently-abled persons, and children in India
• Issues relating to quality of life: Livelihood, poverty, hunger, disease and social inclusiveness

General Studies-II: Unit 06

• The Himachal Pradesh public service guarantee act, 2011; right to information act, 2005 and rules made there under by the Himachal Pradesh government
• Administrative reforms for effective public service delivery in Himachal Pradesh
• Implementation of 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments in Himachal Pradesh
• Issues and challenges
• Programmes and policies for the welfare of differently-abled persons, women and children in Himachal Pradesh

General Studies-II: Unit 07

• India’s look east policy
• India’s relations with United States of America (U.S.A.), Russia, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives and middle east countries

General Studies-II: Unit 08

• Important international Institutions, agencies and fora, their structure and mandate

General Studies-II: Unit 09

• Mechanism to detect and control it in Himachal Pradesh
• Enactments made by Himachal Pradesh government to protect and promote the interests of agrarian society
• Various policies framed by the government of Himachal Pradesh for the socio-economic development of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes of the state
• Tribal welfare administration, tribal sub plan and single line administration in Himachal Pradesh

General Studies-III: Unit 01

• Demographic profile, demographic dividend and population policy
• Sectoral composition with respect to contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) and employment
• Poverty and inequality, unemployment, inflation in India
• Industrial growth in India
• Regulatory framework for money and banking: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), commercial banks and regional rural banks
• Monetary policy, foreign exchange, balance of payment scenario
• Foreign trade: Policy, composition and direction, impact of liberalization/ privatization and globalization

General Studies-III: Unit 02

• Five year plans: Strategies and outcomes, public/ private/ joint sectors
• Fiscal policy, fiscal responsibility and budget management act, 2003, debt and investment in India: Current status, growth and development experience including natural resource management
• Sustainable development and inclusive growth
• Measurement of economic development: Physical quality of life index (PQLI), millennium development goals, human development index (HDI)/ gender development index (GDI)/ gender empowerment measure (GEM)
• Latest/ current development schemes/ initiatives/ institutional changes (e.g. Swach Bharat mission, make in India, digital India, skill India, Sansad Adarsh gram yojana, Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee scheme (MGNREGS)
• Latest/ current development schemes/ initiatives/ institutional changes (e.g. national institution for transforming India (NITI) Ayog, etc)
• International financial and economic organizations: International monetary fund (IMF), world trade organization (WTO), international bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD), international development association (IDA)
• International financial and economic organizations: United Nations conference on trade and development (UNCTAD), organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD), Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS)

General Studies-III: Unit 03

• Demographic profile and human resource, sectoral distribution of gross state domestic product (GSDP)
• Diversification in agriculture and allied activities, land tenure and size of land holdings
• Industrialization in the state
• Skilled/ unskilled labour
• Revenue generation with special reference to hydro potential, tourism, flora and fauna
• Cottage and small scale industries
• Tax base, pros and cons of special category status
• Appraisal of education, health, physical and financial infrastructure development

General Studies-III: Unit 04

• Important missions and programmes of department of space and Indian space research organization
• Historical evolution of Indian space programme
• Lunar, interplanetary and earth observation missions
• Remote sensing and communication satellites
• Applications of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) for natural resources monitoring and applications benefiting common man

General Studies-III: Unit 05

• Such as hydro power, non-conventional sources of energy and nuclear energy including policies, programmes and research base in the country
• Concepts of non-conventional, renewable, clean and environment friendly energy sources
• Role of energy in sustainable development

General Studies-III: Unit 06

• Including biotechnology policy, research, vision, scope and applications for developing horticulture, medicinal and aromatic plants resources of the state
• IT policy of Himachal Pradesh and its role in governance, concept of Himachal state wide area network (HIMSWAN), state plans of e-governance, concept of Lok-Mitra kendra and Aryabhatta geo-informatics space application centre (AGISAC)
• State biodiversity strategy and action plan
• Endangered and threatened species of Himachal Pradesh
• Factors responsible for biodiversity decline in Himachal Pradesh
• Relevance and role of intellectual property rights, geographical indications and traditional wisdom and knowledge in sustainable development of the state

General Studies-III: Unit 07

• State of environment reports
• Environment protection and pollution control act and rules
• Environment impact assessment
• National action plans on climate change
• Himalayan ecology, biosphere reserve, science and economics of climate change
• Social and ethical issues in use of biotechnology

General Studies-III: Unit 08

• National mission for sustainable agriculture, mission for integrated development of horticulture
• Concept of organic farming, seed certification, rain water harvesting, techniques of irrigation and soil conservations and soil health cards

General Studies-III: Unit 09

• Types of tourism: Religious, adventure, heritage, important tourist destinations in Himachal Pradesh
• Social, economic and cultural implications of tourism
• Concept of eco-tourism and green tourism and their role in sustainable development of the state
• Environmental concerns of tourism industry, both positive and negative effects including climate change with reference to Himachal Pradesh

Essay: Unit 01

Essay: Unit 02

Essay: Unit 03

Essay: Unit 04

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Their relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation
• Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production
• Climatic elements as factors of crop growth, global warming, its impact on agricultural production, as indicators of environments
• Environmental pollution and associated effect on crops, animals and humans

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Impact of high yielding and short duration varieties on shifts in cropping pattern
• Principles of multiple cropping
• Multi-storey, relay intercropping-their importance in relation to food production and resource use
• Resource conservation technologies
• Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fiber, sugar and commercial crops grown in different regions of the country

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Their characteristics, association with various crops, their multiplication, cultural, biological, chemical, and integrated management, herbicide selectivity and resistance

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Taxonomic classification of Indian soils, mineral and organic constituents of soil and their role in maintaining soil health
• Problem soils, extent and distribution in India and their reclamation
• Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils, their forms and factors affecting their availability, functions and deficiency symptoms, nutrient recycling, symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation
• Soil fertility evaluation techniques
• Application of remote sensing in soil and water resource studies

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Types of wind and water erosion
• Erosion and run off processes and factors affecting them
• Dry land and rain fed agriculture

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Conjunctive use of water, quality of irrigation water, criteria for scheduling irrigations

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Importance and principles, farm planning and budgeting
• Integrated farming system, its role in sustainable production system

Agriculture-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Role of traditional and modern communication media in agricultural development
• Procedure for development of agricultural extension programme
• Factors affecting adoption of farm innovations
• Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s and extension agents in agricultural development in India

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Mendel’s laws of inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance, quantitative characters, plant tissue culture-somaclonal variation, micropropagation, and producing cell cultures
• Nucleic acid-its structure and types, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors and transformation
• Polymerase chain reaction, DNA finger printing and Intellectual property rights (IPR) issues

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Morphology and patterns of variations in varieties and related species of important field crops, causes and utilization of variations in crop improvement

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Methods of breeding of self and cross pollinated crops
• Heterosis and its exploitation
• Male sterility and self incompatibility, utilization of mutation and polyploidy in breeding

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Important types of seeds and their production, processing and testing of seeds of crops and seed certification regulation

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Horticultural nursery management
• Propagation of commercial fruits, vegetables and flowers through different methods
• Protected cultivation of horticultural crops
• Hi-tech horticulture, handling, post harvest marketing problems of fruits and vegetables, methods of preservation of important fruits and vegetable products, processing techniques and equipments, role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition
• Landscape and commercial floriculture, including design and lay out of lawns and gardens
• Medicinal and Aromatic plants

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Vegetable, orchard and plantation crops of India and stored grains; and their management
• Classification of plant diseases and pests
• Principles of plant disease/ pest control and factors affecting their outbreaks
• Biological control of pests and diseases
• Integrated management of pests and diseases
• Pesticides and their formulations plant protection equipment, their care, and maintenance
• Pesticide pollution in the environment
• Development of pesticide resistance in pests and diseases and its management

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Physiology of dormancy and germination of vegetable seeds and tubers

Agriculture-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Maturity and ripening process and factors affecting them
• Quality evaluation for fresh market and processing
• Factors responsible in deterioration of harvested fruits and vegetables, role of growth substances and irradiation on decay control, respiration and transpiration, storage of fresh fruits and vegetables

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Animal nutrition: Energy sources, energy, metabolism and requirements for maintenance and production of milk, meat, eggs, and wool
• Advanced studies in nutrition: Protein-source of protein, its metabolism and synthesis, protein quality in relation to requirements. Importance of energy protein ratio in rations
• Advanced studies in nutrition: Minerals-sources, functions, requirements and their interrelationships including trace minerals
• Vitamins, hormones and growth stimulating substances-sources, functions, requirements and interrelationship with minerals
• Advanced ruminant nutrition: Dairy cattle-nutrients and their metabolism with reference to milk production and its composition. Nutrient requirements for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes
• Advanced non-ruminant nutrition: Poultry-nutrients and their metabolism with reference to poultry meat and egg production. Nutrient requirement and feed formulation for broilers at different ages
• Advanced non-ruminant nutrition: Swine-nutrients and their metabolism with special reference to growth and quality of meat production. Nutrient requirements and feed formulation for body, growing and finishing pigs
• Advanced applied animal nutrition: A critical review and evaluation of feed experiments, digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and measure of feed energy. Nutrient requirements for growth. Maintenance and production. Balanced rations

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Growth and animal production: Prenatal and postnatal growth, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality
• Milk production, reproduction and diagnosis, hormonal control of mammary developments, milk secretion and milk ejection, composition of milk of cows and buffaloes
• Male and female reproductive organs, use of hormones in animal reproduction and their components and function
• Ruminant and non-ruminant digestion
• Environmental physiology: Physiology of adaptation, environmental factors and their effect on animal production and reproduction, methods of controlling climatic stress, animal ecology
• Semen quality preservation and artificial insemination: Semen and its composition, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting quality of semen in vivo and in vitro
• Semen quality preservation and artificial insemination: Factors affecting semen preservation, composition, and diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen, freezing techniques of semen in cows, sheep, and goats, swine, and poultry

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Current status of animal husbandry in India/ state, prevalent livestock production systems, comparison of dairying in India and abroad, scope of dairying in income and employment generation, dairying under mixed, specialized and diversified farming
• Commercial and economical dairy farming, starting a dairy farm/ dairying enterprise, capital and land requirement, organizational set up of a dairy farm, farm budgeting
• Procurement of different goods/ inputs, personnel management, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animals, herd recording, maintenance of farm records, routine farm operations, clean milk production, marketing of milk and other animal products
• Pricking policy, cost of milk production, concept of organic animal husbandry
• Feeding practices of dairy cattle, feed and fodder requirements of animals/ dairy farms, developing practical and economical rations for animal feeding, managing round the year supply of greens, recent trends in animal feeding
• Management and feeding practices of lactating, dry, pregnant animals
• Day old and young stock, heifers, and breeding bulls
• Keeping feeding records
• Management and feeding practices of other important livestock species (sheep, goat, pigs, equines, yaks, rabbits, etc) and poultry, generals problems/ constraints of rearing these species
• Feeding of different animals during scarcity period and natural disasters (drought, floods, famine etc)

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk
• Quality, testing, and grading raw milk, quality storage grades of whole milk, skimmed milk and cream
• Processing, packaging, storing, distributing, marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of the following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, recombined, and flavoured milks
• Milk products technology: Selection of raw materials, assembling, production, processing, storing, distributing, and marketing milk products such as butter, ghee, khoa, channa, cheese; condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food; ice cream and kulfi
• Milk products technology: Distributing, and marketing milk products such as by products; whey products; butter milk, lactose and casein
• Milk products technology: Testing grading, judging milk products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control, nutritive properties, packaging, processing, and operational control costs
• Preparation of cultured milks, cultures, and their management
• Vitamin-D soft and other special milks
• Legal standards, sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Physical and chemical characteristics of meat: Meat emulsions, methods of preservation of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products; meat products and formulations
• By products: Slaughter house by products and their utilization, edible and inedible by products, social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house by products, organ products for food and pharmaceuticals
• Poultry products technology: Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre slaughter care and management
• Poultry products technology: Slaughtering techniques, inspection, and preservation of poultry meat, and products, legal and BIS standards

Animal husbandry and veterinary science-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Principles of animal breeding: Introduction to animal breeding; probability; Hardy-Weinberg law, its application and significance; phenotypic variance and its partitioning; heritability and its estimation; repeatability; principles of inbreeding
• Principles of animal breeding: Coefficient of relationship; out breeding and heterosis
• Population genetics applied to animal breeding: Measured variance of population; approach to equilibrium under random mating; genetic and environmental sub-divisions of phenotypic variance; contrast between Mendelism and blending inheritance
• Population genetics applied to animal breeding: Genetic nature of differences between groups; resemblances between relatives in population; mating at random; forces affecting gene frequency; their impact in animal breeding
• Population genetics applied to animal breeding: Heritability and repeatability, methods and precision of estimation; aids to selection; breeding for threshold characters; selection index selection
• Breeding systems: Biometrical relations between relatives; mating systems; inbreeding; out breeding; phenotypic assortative mating; general and specific combining ability; choice of effective breeding plans
• Breeding systems: Calculation of inbreeding coefficients using Wright’s and Malacot’s approach; covariance among relatives; decreases of heterozygosity on inbreeding; problems of detection of non-additive genetic variance
• Breeding systems: Current status of hilly livestock; breeding strategies for breeds of hilly tract with particular reference to Gaddi sheep and goat, Biangi sheep, Chegu goat, Apiti, Zanskar and Bhutia breeds of horse, yak, and mithun
• Breeding systems: Conservation methods for the hill germplasm; genotype environment interaction. Different types of methods of selection, their effectiveness and limitations, selection indices, construction of selection in retrospect
• Breeding systems: Evaluation of genetic gains through selection, correlated response in animal experimentations. Approach to estimation of general and specific combining ability, dialete, fraction of dialete crosses reciprocal recurrent selection
• Breeding systems: Inbreeding and hybridization
• Health and hygiene: Anatomy of ox and fowl histological techniques, freezing, paraffin embedding etc. Preparation and staining of blood films. Common histological stains, embryological of cow. Physiology of blood its constituents, circulatory system
• Health and hygiene: Respiration, excretion, endocrine glands in physiology of animal health and diseases. General knowledge of pharmacology drugs in veterinary therapeutics
• Health and hygiene: Vety-hygiene with respect to water supply (contamination, prevention, purification), atmospheric pollution, stray and fallen animals. Disposal of sewage and farm refuses fallen animals and control recycling from surplus, wastes etc
• Health and hygiene: Sanitation of animal houses and its effect on animal health and production. Method of prevention and control of air and water borne diseases of man and animal. Milk hygiene
• Meat hygiene: Zoonoses and human health. Most common cattle and poultry diseases, their mode of spread, prevention and treatment etc. Immunity. General principles and problems of milk and meat infection jurisprudence in vety
• Meat hygiene: Practice. Medicinal use of synthetic and natural harmones in vety. Duties and role of veterinarians in a slaughter house to provide their meat that is produced under ideal hygienic conditions
• Meat hygiene: By-products from slaughter houses and their economic utilization. Methods of collection, preservation and processing of hormonal glands for medicinal use
• Extension: Animal husbandry development programmes. Operation flood. Role of cooperatives in dairy development in India, PRA and RRA. TRYSEM. Extension teaching methods and use of audio-visual based teaching. Extension programme planning and evaluation
• Extension: Transfer of technology, diffusion and adoption of technology, Livestock marketing extension. Different possibilities and methods to provide self-employment to educate youth under rural conditions
• Extension: Cross breeding as a method of upgrading the local cattle

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Relationship with other disciplines; History, economics, sociology, psychology, political science, zoology, medical science
• Main branches of anthropology, their scope, and relevance: (a) Social cultural anthropology, (b) physical and biological anthropology, (c) archaeological anthropology
• Emergence of man and human evolution: (a) Emergence of man its time, place, and subsequent dispersal of the various continents, (b) origin and evolution all the sequential stages with features
• Emergence of man and human evolution: (c) Principles of systematics and taxonomy, major primate taxa, tertiary, and quaternary fossil primates, systematics of hominoidae and hominidae
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following: (a) Plio-pleistocence fossil primates-oreopithecus, (b) south and east African Hominids-Plesianthropus Australopithecus Africa Paranthropus, Australopithecus
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following: (c) Paranthropus: Homo erectus, Homo erectus Javanicus, homo erectus Pekinensis, (d) Homo heidelbergensis
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following: (e) Neanderthal man: La-Chapelle-Aux-saints (classical type), Mt. Carmel (progressive type), (f) Rhodesian man
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following: (g) Homo-Saoiens: Cromagnon, Grimaldi, Chancelede
• Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following: (h) Recent advances in understanding the evolution, distribution, and multidisciplinary approach to understand a fossil type in relation to others
• Evolution trends and classification of the order primate, relationship with other mammal, molecular evolution of primates, primate locomotion; terrestrial and arboreal adaptation, skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications
• Cultural evolution (broad outlines of pre-historic cultures): (a) Paleolithic, (b) Mesolithic, (c) Neolithic, (d) Chalcolithic, (e) Copper-bronze age, (f) Iron age

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Definition and typology of family, household, and domestic groups
• Basic structure and functions; stability and changes in family
• Typology and processual approaches to the study of family, impact of urbanization, industrialization, education, and feminist movements
• University of family-a critique
• Concept of kinship: Definition of kin, incest prohibition exogamy and endogamy. Principles of descent-types and functions. Political and rural aspects of kinship. Unilineal, bilateral, and double descent. Descent, filiation, and complementary filiation
• Concept of kinship: Kinship terminology alliance and descent
• Marriage: Definitions, types, and variation of marriage systems. Debates on the universal definition of marriage. Regulation of marriage-preferential, proscriptive and open system
• Marriage: Types and form of marriage dowry, bride-price, gestation, marriage stability

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Concept of culture, patterns of culture, relationships between culture and civilization, culture and society
• Concepts of social change and cultural change
• Social structure and social organization, role-analysis and social network
• Instructions group’s community
• Social stratifications: Principles and form, status, class and power, gender, nature and types
• Concept of society
• Approaches to the study of culture and society, classical evolutionism, neo-evolutionism, cultural ecology, historical particularism and diffusionism, structural-functionalism, culture and personality, transactions-alism, symbolism
• Cognitive approach and new ethnography, post structuralism and post modernism

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Anthropological approaches to the study of religion-evolutionary, psychological, and functional
• Practice of magic, witchcraft and sorcery; definitions and functions and functionaries like priest, shaman, medicine man and sorcerers
• Symbolism in religion and rituals
• Ethno medicines, its definition, historical background, present status and significance in modern times
• Myths and rituals: Definitions and approaches to their study-structural, functional and processual relation with economic and political structures

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Principles governing productions, distribution and consumption in communities subsisting on hunting-gathering, fishing, pastoralism, horticulture and other economic pursuits
• Formalist and substantivist debate: Dalton, Karlpoyanny, and Marx approach and new economic anthropology
• Exchange: Gifts, barter, trade, ceremonial exchange, and market economy
• Theoretical foundations
• Types of political organizations-band, tribe, control, law and justice in tribal and peasant societies including Indian scenario

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Models of development
• Critiques of classical developmental theories
• Concepts of planning and planned development
• Concepts of participatory development
• Culture ecology and sustainable development
• Displacement and rehabilitation

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Distinction between methodology, methods and techniques
• Nature and explanation in anthropological research
• Positivistic and non-positivistic approaches
• Comparative methods; nature, purpose and methods of comparison in social and cultural anthropology
• Basic techniques of data collection
• Interview, participant and other forms of observation, schedules, questionnaire, case study methods, extended case study methods, life histories and secondary sources, oral history, genealogical method, participatory, learning and assessment (PLA)
• Participatory rapid assessment (PRA)
• Analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Its relationship with their branches of science and medicine
• Method for study of genetic principles in man: Family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods
• Method for study of genetic principles in man: DNA technology, and recombinant technologies
• Twin study method: Zygosity, heritability estimates, present status of the twin study method and its applications
• Mendelian genetics in man: Family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal, and polygenic inheritance in man
• Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift
• Consanguineous and cousin marriages (statistical and probability methods for study of human genetics)
• Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology: (a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders), (b) Sex chromosomal aberrations klinefelter (XXY), turner (XO), super female (XXX), intersex, and other syndromic disorders
• Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology: (c) Autosomal aberrations-Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes
• Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology: (d) Genetic imprints in him and disease, genetic screening, genetic counselling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study
• Concept of race in historical and biological perspective
• Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation on on-merit and metric characters racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and race-crossing in man
• Ethnic groups of mankind: Characteristics and distributions in world, racial classification of human groups. Principal living, people or the world, their distribution and characteristics
• Age, sex, and population variation in genetic market
• ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA, Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes
• Physiological characteristics: Hb level, body fat, pulse fate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural, and socioeconomic groups
• Impact of smoking, air pollution, alcoholism, drugs and occupational hazards on human health

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Resources-biological and sustainable development

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 10

• Dynamics of ethnicity at rural, tribal, urban and international levels
• Ethnic conflicts and political developments
• Concept of nation state

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 11

• Stages of growth-prenatal, natal, infant, childhood, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence

Anthropology-Paper-I: Unit 12

• Human population trends in the last 100 years, 2000 years, and 50 years hence; related consequences and challenges in developed, under developed and developing countries of the world
• Demographic theories-biological, registration system, sample methods, duel reporting system
• Methods of studying population growth
• Biological consequences of population control and family welfare
• Anthropology in designing of deference and other equipments
• Forensic anthropology
• Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Pre-historic (paleolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic), proto-historic (Indus civilization)
• Vedic and post-Vedic beginning
• Contributions of the tribal cultures

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Indian population growth patterns factors influencing its structure and growth

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Varnasharm
• Purushartha, Karma, Rina, and rebirth
• Theories on the origin of caste system, Jajmani system
• Structural basis of inequality in traditional Indian society
• Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity on Indian society

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Contributions of the 19th century and early 20th century scholar administrator

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Contributions of Indian anthropologist of tribal and caste studies
• Contemporary nature of anthropological studies in India

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Aspects of Indian village: Historical perspective of Indian villages; role of rural agriculture economy in rural life, its drawbacks and potentials, future of rural agro-economy past
• Aspects of Indian village: Present and prospective future status and role of Indian villages in our national life
• Linguistic and religious minorities-social, political and economic status
• Distribution of linguistic societies in each state in India, treats to linguistic in India and elsewhere, censes for hiding linguistic identities in modern world, role of linguistics in human society in past, present, and future

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Biogenetic variability, linguistic and socioeconomic characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution
• Problems of the tribal communities-land alienation, poverty indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health, and nutrition
• Developmental projects-tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation: Development of forest policy and tribal, impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal and rural populations

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Constitutional safeguards for schedule tribes and scheduled caste and scheduled castes
• Social change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections
• Emergence of ethnicity, tribal movements and quest for identity
• Pseudotribalism

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Impact of Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and other religious on tribal societies in India (before 1947, after 1947)
• Tribe and nation state-a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries

Anthropology-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Role of NGOs
• Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development in India
• Contribution of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism ethnic and political movements

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Algae and fungi: Classification, distribution in west Himalayas and India, economic importance, structure, and reproduction of algae and fungi. Life histories of nostoc, chlamydomonas, volvox, oedogonium, spirogyra, chara, vaucheria, dictyota
• Algae and fungi: Life histories of batrachospermum, synchytrium, pythium, phytophthora, albugo, rhizopus, saccharomyces, aspergillus, penicillum, morchella, ustilago, puccinia, agaricus and alternaria. Comparison between algae and fungi
• Lichens: General account of lichens and their economic importance
• Microbes/ microbiology: Structure, classification, reproduction, physiology, and mode of infection of viruses and bacteria. Role of microbes in agriculture, industry, medicine, and pollution control
• Plant pathology: Symptoms, mode of infection and control of important fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases with special reference to diseases common in Himachal Pradesh. Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance
• Plant pathology: Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins
• Bryophytes and pteridophytes: Classification, distribution in West Himalayas and India, economic importance, structure, and reproduction of bryophytes and pteridophytes. Evolution of gametophyte and sporophyte in bryophytes
• Bryophytes and pteridophytes: Evolution of stelar system, apogamy, apospory, heterospory, and seed habit in pteridophytes. Life histories of riccia, marchantia, pellia, porella, anthoceros, sphagnum, funaria, polytrichum, psilotum, selaginella, equisetum
• Bryophytes and pteridophytes: Life histories of adiantum, and marsilea. Comparison among archegoniatae
• Palaeobotany: Introduction to palaeobotany, some basic principles and techniques. Short account of fossil algae, naiadita, rhynia, asteroxylon, lyginopteris, and pentoxylon
• Embryology: Structure of anther and ovule. Development of male and female gametophytes. Pollination. Fertilization and development of seed. Development and function of endosperm. Patterns of embryo development. Polyembryony. Apomixis
• Embryology: Applications of palynology in angiosperms
• Taxonomy: Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification. Modern trends in taxonomy. Classification of gymnosperms. Comparative account of various systems of angiosperm classification
• Taxonomy: Salient features of the following families-cycadaceae, pinaceae, ginkgoaceae, ephedraceae, gnetaceae, ranunculaceae, brassicaceae (cruciferae), rosaceae, fabaceae (leguminosae), euphorbiaceae, rutaceae, malvaceae, apiaceae (umbelliferae)
• Taxonomy: Salient features of the following families-asclepiadaceae, solanaceae, lamiaceae (labiatae), cucurbitaceae, asteraceae (compositae), liliaceae, orchidaceae and poaceae (graminae)

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Comparison among tracheophytes
• Distribution of gymnosperms and angiosperms in West Himalayas and India
• Life histories of cycas, pinus, and gnetum
• Morphology and anatomy: Tissues and tissue systems. Meristems. Morphology and anatomy of root, stem, and leaf. Structure of vascular cambium and its role in wood and bark formation
• Morphology and anatomy: Normal and anomalous secondary growth (dracaena, tinospora, boerrhavia, and nyctanthes). Structure of wood and bark

Botany-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Plants as sources of food, fibers, wood/ timber, drugs, oils, latex/ rubber, paper, starch, beverages, spices, and condiments, gums and resins, tannins and dyes, insecticides
• Ornamental plants
• Biomass as a source of energy
• Energy plantations
• Importance of ethno-botany in Indian context
• Underexploited/ underutilized plants [winged or Goa bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus); Jojoba or Hohoba (Simmondisa chinensis), Guayule or Wuyule (Parthenium argentatum), Leucaena or Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) and Triticale (Triticosecale)]
• A general account of edible wild plants
• Origin of cultivated plants
• Centers of origin
• Methods and modes of reproduction in relation to breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated, vegetatively propagated and apomictic plants
• Introduction, selection, and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)
• Male sterility and heterosis breeding
• A general account of inbreeding depression and heterosis; exploitation of hybrid vigour; production of hybrids, composites and synthetics
• Uses of genetic engineering, polyploidy, mutations and apomixes in plant breeding and crop improvement
• Role of cell and tissue culture in propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity
• Plant breeding techniques in wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton only
• Biostatistics: Mean, median, standard deviation and coefficient of variation

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Scope of ecology
• Biotic and abiotic components
• Plant communities
• Plant succession
• Ecological adaptations
• Biogeochemical cycles
• Vegetation and forest types of India with particular reference to Himachal Pradesh
• Deforestation, aforestation, and social forestry
• Soil erosion, wastelands, and reclamation
• Environmental pollution and its control including phytoremediation
• Bioindicators
• Global warming
• Concepts of biosphere, ecosystems, biodiversity, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, endemism and hot spots
• Plant genetic resources and their importance
• Factors contributing to the loss of forest biodiversity
• IUCN categories of threat and Red data books
• Role of botanical gardens and herbaria
• Convention on biological diversity (CBD)
• Sovereign rights and intellectual property rights

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Absorption and conduction of water
• Mineral absorption
• Role of elements and mineral deficiencies
• Transpiration
• Mechanisms of stomatal movements
• Respiration
• Photorespiration
• Photosynthesis
• Anatomy of c3 and c4 plants
• Nitrogen fixation
• Nitrogen metabolism
• Enzymes and coenzymes
• Plant growth and movements
• Photoperiodism and Vernalization
• Plant hormones
• Dormancy and germination of seeds
• Photomorphogenesis
• Stress physiology with respect to temperature, water, and salinity stress
• Physiology of flowering
• Fruit ripening
• Chemical foundations of biology: Physico-chemical properties of water, pH, acids, bases, buffers, types of bonds and their importance, free energy, resonance, and isomerisation
• Structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids/ fats, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids

Botany-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Techniques of cell biology, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic cells
• Cell theory
• Cell as a unit of structure and function, ultra-structure of cell and its various organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic, reticulum, ribosomes, endosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxysomes)
• Extracellular matrix or ECM
• Cell wall and plasma membrane
• Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex (NPC), chromatin, and nucleosome
• Nucleic acids-their structure, reproduction, and role in protein biosynthesis
• DNA polymorphism
• The physical and chemical structure of chromosomes
• Mitosis and meiosis
• Molecular control involving check points in cell division cycle
• Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes
• Structure, behaviour, and significance of polytene, lampbrush, and B-chromosomes
• Pre and post Mendelian concept of genetics
• Laws of inheritance
• Chromosome theory of inheritance
• Gene and allele concepts
• Linkage, crossing over, and gene mapping
• Genetic code
• Regulation of gene expression
• Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance
• Sex determination
• Biochemical and molecular basis of mutations
• Extra chromosomal/ cytoplasmic inheritance
• Evidences, mechanisms and theories of organic evolution
• Micropropagation
• Cell, tissue, organ, and protoplast culture
• Genetic engineering
• Methods of gene transfer and transgenic crops
• Development and use of molecular markers
• Fermentation technology
• Biofertilizers

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Plank's hypothesis of quantization of energy
• Implications of Plank' hypothesis for black-body radiation, heat capacities of solids, photoelectric effect
• Wave-particle duality and Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• The wave function, information in a wave function, normalization of wave function
• Eigen values and Eigen functions
• Operators, postulates of quantum mechanics (principals and introduction)
• Schrodinger wave equation for free particle and particle in one dimension and three dimension box
• Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom, radial and probability wave function

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments valence bond theory
• Concept of resonance and resonance energy
• Molecular orbital theory, (LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear molecules: H²⁺, H₂ to Ne₂, NO, CO, HF, CN, BeH₂, and CO₂
• Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Rotational spectrum of rigid diatomic molecule, vibrational spectrum of simple harmonic oscillator, effect of isotopic substitution
• Raman spectroscopy, stokes' and anti-stokes' Raman lines, and Raman shifts
• Introduction and principle of resonance spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic, electron spin resonance techniques)

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Gaseous state: Maxwell's law of velocity distribution among gas molecules
• Equi partition of energy
• Equations of state for ideal and real gases
• Van der Walls and virial equations of state, critical phenomena, principle of corresponding state, equation of reduced state
• Liquefaction of gases, collision between gas molecules and mean free path
• Solid state: Types of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles. Crystal and their classification. Crystal lattice and unit cells. Imperfection in crystals. Laws of rational indices. Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction by crystals
• Properties of solids: Electrical, magnetic and thermal (only qualitative interpretation)

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 05

• First law of thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work heat and internal energy. Different types of work done on a system in reversible and irreversible processes. Calorimetry and thermochemistry
• First law of thermodynamics: Enthalpy dependence on temperature in physical and chemical processes. . Joule-Thomson effect and inversion temperature. Heat capacities of gases
• Second law of thermodynamics and its applications: Spontaneity of a process, entropy and entropy changes in various processes. Free energy functions and their significance. Relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic properties
• Statistical thermodynamics: Configuration and weights. Canonical and grand canonical ensemble, the molecular partition function. Thermodynamic information in partition function

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Equilibrium between liquids solids and vapours of a pure substance
• Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications
• Phase rule and its applications for simple one component (water and sulfur) and two components (lead-silver, salt hydrates) systems
• Raoult's and Henry's laws, fractional steam distillation
• Phase diagram for partially miscible liquids
• Partial molar quantities and their determination
• Distribution law its modifications, limitations and applications

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Dilute solution and colligative properties
• Determination of molecular weights using colligative properties
• Ions in solutions, ionic equilibrium, dissociation constants of acids and bases
• Hydrolysis of salts
• pH and buffers, theory of indicators
• Conductivity of ionic solutions, Ostwald dilution law and Kohlrausch's law
• Transport number and its determination (EMF and Hittorf's methods only)
• Faraday's law of electrolysis and its applications, galvanic cells measurements of their EMF, cell reactions, standard cells and standard reduction potential
• Nernst equation (relation between thermodynamic quantities cell EMF) fuel cells
• Electrochemistry of corrosion and its protection
• Introduction and principle of electro analytical techniques: Voltametry, polarography, amperometry and cyclic-voltametryans ion, selective electrodes and their use

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Rates of chemical reactions and their dependence on the concentration of the reactants
• Differential and integral rate equations for first and second order reactions
• Half-life periods
• Temperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters
• Elementary ideas regarding collision and transition-state theory
• Elementary idea of fast reactions and introduction and principle of the techniques (stop-flow, temperature jump and field jump only) employed to study the fast reactions

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Laws of photochemistry, quantum yield, excited singlet, and triplet states
• Photophysical pathways of decay of excited states, Jablonsky diagram
• Fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence
• Photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and of cobalt (III) and chromium (III) complexes

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 10

• The colloidal state, preparation and purification of colloids and their characteristic properties
• Coagulation, and protection of colloids
• Gels, emulsion, microemulsion, surfactants and elementary idea of micellization of surfactants
• Adsorption from gases and solutions on solids
• Adsorption-isotherms, BET isotherms
• Determination of surface area
• Characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
• Central dogma of enzyme catalyzed reactions

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 11

• Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism)
• Photosynthesis-PSI, PSH, metalloporphyrines with special reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin, nitrogen fixation, cyanide poisoning

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 12

• Introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal complexes
• Valence bonds theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; application of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes
• Isomerism in coordination compounds
• IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chalet effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar complexes
• Thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes
• Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anion, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds
• Complexes with aromatic systems: Synthesis structures and bonding in metal olefin, alkyne, allyl, and cyclopentadienyl complexes
• Homogeneous transition metal catalysis: Reasons for selecting transition metals in catalysis, coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions, proximity insertion reactions
• Homogeneous transition metal catalysis: Hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions of alkenes, fluxional molecules and their characterization

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 13

• Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic, and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction

Chemistry-Paper-I: Unit 14

• Reactions in liquid NH, HF, SO, and HSO failure of solvent system concept, coordination model of non-aqueous solvents
• Some highly acidic media, fluoro sulphuric acid, and super acids

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Conjugation, cross conjugation, hyperconjugation, bonding in fullerenes, tautomerism, aromaticity in benzenoid and non-bezenoid compounds, anti-aromaticity, homoaromaticity, PMO approach; bonds weaker than covalent, crown ethers complexes, cryptands
• Inclusion compounds, cyclodextrins, catanenes, and rotaxenes

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Kinetic and thermodynamic requirements and control of organic reactions, potential energy diagrams, Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship
• Taft equation, methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanism of organic reactions illustrated by examples-use of isotopes, cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping and stereochemistry
• Reactive intermediates: Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes, and nitrenes
• Catalysis in organic chemistry: Mechanisms and applications of enzymatic catalysis, micellar catalysis, and phase transfer catalysis
• Substitution reactions: SN, SN, SNi, and SET mechanisms, neighbouring group participation and anchimeric resistance, classical and non-classical carbonium ions, nucleophilic reactions at an allylic and vinyl carbon
• Substitution reactions: Structure and reactivity relationship in substitution reactions, ambident nucleophile, and regioselectivity
• Elimination reactions: E, E, EC, and ECB mechanisms, spectrum of mechanisms, effect of substrate structure on reactivity, orientation in E reactions-Saytzeff and Hofmann; mechanism and examples of syn elimination
• Elimination reactions: Mechanism of pyrolytic elimination in vapour phase, structure and reactivity relationship in elimination reactions
• Addition reactions: Electrophilic and nucleophilic addition to C=C and CC, nucleophilic addition to C=O, C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls, structure and reactivity relationship, hydrogenation of double and triple bonds, asymmetric synthesis
• Addition reactions: Sharpless epoxidation
• Rearrangements: Pinacol-pinacolone, Demjanov ring expansion, Hofmann, Schmidt, Lossen, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens, Wolf and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Classification, conservation of orbital symmetry, Woodward-Hoffmann rules-electrocyclic and cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5], FMO and PMO approach

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Aldol condensation (including directed aldol condensation), Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Knoevenagel, Perkin, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro, and Von Richter reactions; Stobbe, Benzoin, and acyloin condensations
• Fischer indole and Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann, and Reformatsky reactions

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Fundamentals of polymer science: Macromolecular concept
• Polymerization: Mechanisms-addition, step growth, and coordination polymerization, methods: Bulk, suspension, interfacial condensation, and emulsion polymerization
• Properties of polymers: Glass transition temperature, crystallinity, molecular weight, polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties, determination of molecular weights by sedimentation, light scattering, osmotic pressure, viscosity
• Properties of polymers: End group analysis methods
• Commercial polymers: Poly (methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, teflon, silicones, fire retardant polymers
• New concepts in polymers: Biomaterials, polymer catalysts, reagents and substrates, and conducting polymers

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 06

• OsO₄, HIO₄, Pb(OAc)₄, Hg(OAc)₂, SeO₂, B2H₆, Na-Liquid NH₃, LiAlH₄, NaBH₄, n-BuLi and NBS

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 07

• General concepts of photochemistry: Jablonski diagram; Norrish-type I and type II reactions; Paterno-Buchi reaction, Barton reactions, photo-fries rearrangement

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 08

• UV-visible spectra: Electronic excitation; simple chromophoric groups, application to conjugated and extended conjugated systems, solvent effects, stereochemistry, Woodward-Fisher rules, application of UV-visible spectroscopy
• Infra red spectroscopy: Molecular vibration, absorption of common functional groups, applications of IR
• Nuclear magnetic resonance: Theory of nuclear magnetic resonance, relaxation phenomenon, Chemical shift; shielding mechanism, spin-spin splitting, chemical exchange, double resonance, applications of ¹H NMR
• Mass spectrometry: Principle of mass spectrometry, different modes of ionization, metastable peak, factors affecting fragmentation of simple organic molecules, McLafferty rearrangement, nitrogen rule

Chemistry-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Basic concepts of green chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, combinatorial chemistry

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Strength of materials: Simple stress, and strain, elastic constants, principle stresses and strains in two dimensions, theories of failures, Mohr circle, axially loaded compression members, shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending
• Strength of materials: Shear stress distribution across cross sections, beams of uniform strength
• Structural analysis: Principle of superposition, reciprocal theorem, unsymmetrical bending, columns, and struts, analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures, simple and space frames, degrees of freedom, virtual work, energy theorems
• Structural analysis: Deflection of trusses, redundant frames, three moments equation, slope and deflection method, moment distribution method, column analogy and energy methods, matrix method of analysis
• Structural analysis: Stiffness and flexibility matrix and elements of plastic analysis. Analysis of determinate and indeterminate arches, spandrel braced arches. Moving loads-influence lines for simple and continuous beams and frames
• Steel design: Factors of safety and load factor, welding, riveting and bolting, design of tension, compression and flexural members, built up beams and plate girders, semi-rigid and rigid connections, design of stanchions, slab and gusted bases
• Steel design: Crane and gantry girders, roof trusses, water tanks. Plastic design of continuous frames and portals
• RCC design: Working stress method-design of beams, slabs, columns and staircases. Limit state method-design of one way and two way rectangular slabs, simple and continuous beams, columns, stairs. Footings-single and combined raft foundations
• RCC design: Footings-elevated water tanks, encased beams and columns, design of retaining, counter fort, and breast walls
• RCC design: Methods and system of prestressing, anchorages losses in prestress, design of prestressed girders, and beams
• Building construction: Building materials and construction-timber, stone, brick, sand, surkhi, mortar, concrete, paints and varnishes, plastics. Detailing of walls, floors, roofs, and ceilings, staircases, doors and windows, plastering, jointing, painting
• Building construction: Use of building codes, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and acoustics. Building estimates and specification, construction scheduling-PERT and CPM

Civil engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Soil mechanics: Classification of soil, Atterberg’s limits, void ratio, moisture contents, permeability, laboratory and field tests, seepage and flownets, flow under hydraulic structures, uplift and quick sand condition, unconfined and direct shear tests
• Soil mechanics: Triaxial test, earth pressure theories, stability of slopes, theories of consolidation, rate of settlement, total and effective stress analysis, pressure distribution in soils, Boussinesque and Westergaard’s theories, soil stabilization
• Foundation engineering: Bearing capacity of footings, piles and wells, design of retaining walls, sheet pile, and caissons

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Survey: Common methods of distance and angle measurements, plane table survey, levelling, traverse survey, triangulation survey, corrections and adjustments, contouring, topographical map, surveying instruments, tachometry, circular and transition curves
• Survey: Principles of photogrammetry, principles of remote sensing and GIS
• Highways: Classification of roads, planning, geometric design of highways, highway materials, flexible and rigid pavements, traffic engineering and traffic surveys, intersection and road signs, signals and markings
• Highways: Road drainage-culverts and small bridges, transportation system design
• Railways: Permanent way, ballast, sleeper, chairs and fastening, points, and crossing, different types of turnouts, cross-overs, setting out of points, maintenance of track, super elevation, creep of rail, ruling gradients, track resistance
• Railways: Tractive effort, curve resistance, station yards, signals, and interlocking, railway crossing

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Dynamics of fluid flow: Equations of continuity energy and momentum, Bernoulli’s theorem, velocity potential and stream function, rotational and irrotational flow, free and forced vortices, flow net
• Dynamics of fluid flow: Dimensional analysis and its application to the practical problems, viscous flow between static and moving parallel plates, flow through circular tubes, velocity distribution in laminar and turbulent flow, critical velocity, losses
• Dynamics of fluid flow: Hydraulic and energy grade lines, siphons, pipe network, forces on pipe bends, compressible flow, subsonic and supersonic velocity, Mach number, shock waves water hammer
• Open channel flow: Energy and momentum factors, uniform and non-uniform flows, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, hydraulic jump
• Design of canals: Unlined channels in alluvium, the critical tractive stress, principles of sediment transport, regime theory, lined channels, canal lining, canal structures-design of regulation work, cross drainage work cross regulators, head regulator
• Design of canals: Canal structures-canal falls, aqueducts, canal outlets, diversion headwork-principle of design of different parts on impermeable and permeable foundations, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation
• Dams: Design of rigid dams, earth dams, forces acting on dams, stability analysis, design of spillways
• Hydrology: Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, and infiltration, hydrographs-unit hydrograph, flood estimation and frequency analysis, reservoir planning and storage capacity
• Water requirements for crops: Quality of irrigation water, consumptive use of water, water depth and frequency of irrigation, duty of water, irrigation methods and efficiencies. Water logging-its cause and control, design of drainage system, soil salinity
• Water requirements for crops: River training works

Civil engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Water supply: Ground water hydraulics, demand of water, impurities of water-physical, chemical and bacteriologic analysis, water borne diseases, intake of water pumping and gravity schemes
• Water treatments: Principle of settling, coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, slow, rapid and pressure filters, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity
• Water distribution: Layouts storage, hydraulic pipelines, pipe fittings, pumping stations and their operations
• Sanitation: Sanitary appliances, latrines and urinals, disposal of sanitary sewage, industrial waste, storm sewage, separate and combined system. Flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances-manholes, inlets, junction, siphons, ejection, etc
• Sanitation: Sewer treatment working principles, units-chambers, sedimentation tank, etc. Activated sludge process, septic tank and disposal of sludge, rural sanitation, environment pollution and ecology

Commerce and accountancy-Paper-I (Accounting, taxation, and business finance): Unit 01

• Meaning and scope of accounting: Need, development, book keeping and accounting, users of accounting, branches of accounting, objectives of accounting
• Accounting principles: Concepts and conventions
• Accounting transactions: Accounting cycles, double entry system, journals, ledgers, trial balance
• Classification of income and expenditure: Subsidiary books, imprest system of cash, bank reconciliation statements
• Final accounts: Manufacturing accounts, trading accounts, profit and loss account, balance sheet, rectification of errors
• Depreciation: Depreciation accounting, self balancing system and sectional balancing system
• Branch accounts, accounts of non-trading organization, consignments accounts
• Hire purchase and installment system accounting
• Issue of shares, forfeiture, and reissue of shares, redemption of shares, issue and redemption of debentures
• Valuation of goodwill and shares
• Final accounts of companies, final accounts of insurance and banking companies, accounting for amalgamation of companies excluding inter-companies holdings
• Reconstruction schemes consolidated balance sheet of holding companies with one subsidiary only international accounting standards (outline only)

Commerce and accountancy-Paper-I (Accounting, taxation, and business finance): Unit 02

• Nature and scope of cost accounting: Cost concepts and classification, methods and techniques, installation of costing system, concept of cost audit
• Accounting for material control: Techniques, pricing of material, treatment of material losses
• Accounting for labour: Control procedures, labour turnover, idle time, piece rates, incentives schemes
• Accounting for overheads: Classification and departmentalization, absorption of overheads, determination of overhead rates, under and over absorption of overheads and treatment
• Cost ascertainment: Unit costing, job and contract costing. Process costing excluding interprocess profits, operating costing, joint and by products, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and its application in decision making

Commerce and accountancy-Paper-I (Accounting, taxation, and business finance): Unit 03

• Meaning and objectives of auditing, types of audit, internal audit
• Audit process, audit programme, audit and books, working papers, evidences, consideration for commencing an audit, routine checking and test checking
• Internal check system and internal control, audit procedure, vouching, verification of assets and liabilities
• Audit of limited companies: (a) Audit of companies, company auditor; appointment, powers, duties and liabilities, (b) divisible profits and dividend, (c) auditors report. Audit of banking companies, insurance companies
• Audit of limited companies: Educational institution investigation, recent trends in auditing

Commerce and accountancy-Paper-I (Accounting, taxation, and business finance): Unit 04

• Taxation: Basic concepts-income, agriculture income, casual income, assessment year, previous year, gross total income, total income, tax evasion and avoidance. Basis of charge, scope of total income, residence status and tax liability
• Taxation: Income not forming part of total income. Heads of income: Salaries, income from house property, profits and gains of business and profession, capital gain, income from other sources, computation of tax liability: Individual, HUF and firm
• Taxation: Set off and carry forward of losses, deduction from gross total income. Tax deduction at source, advance tax payment, assessment procedure, tax authorities appeals, penalties
• Indirect taxes: Central excise-nature and scope of central excise important terms and definitions under the central excise act, general procedures of central excise, clearance and excisable goods
• Indirect taxes: Central excise-concession to small scale industry under central excise act, CENVAT, customs: Role of customs in international trade, important terms and definitions under the customs act 1962, assessable value, baggage, bill of entry
• Indirect taxes: Customs-dutiable goods, duty exporter, foreign going vessel, aircraft goods, import manifest, importer prohibited goods, shipping bill of landing, export manifest, letter of credit, kinds of duties; basic, auxiliary
• Indirect taxes: Customs-additional or countervailing, basics of levy ad valorem, specific duties, prohibition of export and import of good and provisions regarding notified and specified goods, import of goods, free import and restricted import
• Indirect taxes: Customs-type of import, import of cargo, import of personal baggage, import of stores. Clearance procedure for home consumption, for warehousing, for re-export, clearance procedure for import by post prohibited exports, canalized exports
• Indirect taxes: Exports against licensing, type of exports of cargo, export of baggage, export of cargo by land, sea, and air routes. central sale tax act 1956 and HP value added tax-2005
• Financial management: Financial goals, profit vs. wealth maximization, financial functions investment, financing, and dividend decisions, financial planning. Capital budgeting: Nature of investment decisions
• Financial management: Capital budgeting-investment evaluation criteria profitability index: NPV and IRR comparison. Cost of capital-significance of cost of capital, calculating cost of debt, preference share, significance of cost of capital
• Financial management: Cost of capital-calculating cost of debt, preference share, equity capital, and retained earning, combined (weighted) cost of capital. Management of working capital: Nature of working capital
• Financial management: Management of working capital-significance of working capital, operating cycle and factors determining of working capital requirements, management of working capital, cash, receivables, and inventories

Commerce and accountancy-Paper-II (Business organization, business laws and business environment): Unit 01

• Concepts of business, commerce, and Industry, business system
• Business environment: Macro and micro environment, environment analysis, social responsibility of business
• Forms of business organization: Sole trader, partnership, companies, HUF and cooperative organization, comparative utility of various organizations
• Promotion of a venture: Opportunity analysis, legal requirement for establishment of a new unit and documentation required
• Marketing and advertisement, stock exchange
• Management: Concepts, functions, and process
• Planning: Concepts and types, decision making; concepts and process
• Management by objectives
• Corporate planning
• Organizing: Concepts, nature, process and significance, authority and responsibility, centralization, departmentalization, organization structure, forms, and contingency factors
• Motivation: Concepts and theories
• Leadership: Concepts and styles
• Communication: Nature, process, and networks
• Managerial control: Concepts and process, techniques of control

Commerce and accountancy-Paper-II (Business organization, business laws and business environment): Unit 02

• The Indian contract act (1872): Including indemnity, guarantee, bailment and pledge
• Sales of goods act, 1930
• Negotiable instrument act, 1881
• The consumer protection act, 1986
• The payment of bonus act, 1965
• Employees provident fund act 1952 (brief only)
• Corporate personality, kinds of companies, promotion and incorporation of companies, memorandum of association, articles of association, prospectus, shares, share capital, members, share transfer and transmission
• Company meetings and winding up of companies
• Company secretary: Appointment, functions, rights and duties, qualifications removal, writing of minutes of company meetings
• Indian business environment: Concept, components, and importance, economic environment of business and economic trends, income, savings, investment, industry, trade, money
• Economics policies: Monetary and fiscal policy, industrial policy, export-import policy, budget, new economic policies
• Political environment: Relationship between government and business, legal environment; introduction to business law MRTP, FERA, FEMA, and SEBI act
• Social environment: Social institutions, groups, and systems
• International environment: International institution, GATT, WTO, WORLD BANK, IMF, etc

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 01

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Under-employment equilibrium, Keynes theory of employment and income determination, critique of Keynesian theory

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Measurement of price level changes, money and real balances, monetary standards, quantity theory of money
• The money multiplier

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Theories of determination of interest rate
• Theories of inflation and methods to control inflation
• Goals and instruments of monetary management in closed and open economies

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Fiscal economics: An overview of allocation, distribution and stabilization functions. Market failure, public goods, and externalities. Principles of taxation, theories and measures of tax incidence, burden of public debt, management of public debt
• Fiscal economics: Pure theory of public expenditure. Types of budget deficit

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Tariffs, forms of protection, the rate of exchange, balance of payments
• Aid versus trade controversy
• WTO regime: Structure, rationale, objectives, strategies, policies, and global pattern of MNC’s activities
• Critical assessment of the stabilization programmes of the international institutions that is IMF, IBRD, and the world bank
• International trade and environmental issues

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Welfare indicators and measures of growth
• Human development indices, the basic needs approach
• Poverty-development and environment nexus
• Structural change and economic development
• Trade off between equity and growth

Economics-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Relation between state planning and growth, changing roles of market and plans in growth and economic policy
• State intervention and privatization debate
• Decentralized planning and peoples participation

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Pattern, trend and factors determining national and per capita income in India, absolute and relative poverty in India
• Factors determining employment in India
• Relation between income-poverty and employment
• Poverty eradication and social welfare programmes and their performance
• Impact of economic reforms on poverty and employment in the Indian economy

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Agriculture policy, size of agricultural holdings and efficiency, green revolution and technological changes, agricultural prices and terms of trade, agricultural prices and production, land reforms, current problems and issues of Indian agriculture
• WTO agreement on agriculture (AOA) and its implications for India
• Relationship between agriculture and industry

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Process, rationale, objectives strategies and policies in the Indian context
• Employment implications of industrialization, appropriate industrial technology for India
• Phases of industrial growth and changes in industrial structure in India
• Public sector performance in India
• The concept of joint sector
• Foreign collaborations and multinationals in India
• Debate on disinvestment of public sector undertakings
• Large versus small scale industry debate in India
• Impact of new industrial policy on Indian industry

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 04

• The monetary institutions of India, factors determining demand for and supply of money, techniques of money supply regulation under open economy
• Functioning of money market in India
• Indian capital market
• Financial sector reforms and its impact

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Growth, pattern, and direction
• Import substitution versus export promotion policies
• India’s external borrowings: The debt problem, impact of external debt on Indian economy
• Balance of payment situation in India
• Integration of Indian economy with the world economy
• Implications of trade related Intellectual property right (TRIPS) and trade related investment measures (TRIMS) for India
• External sector reforms in the Indian economy, challenges prospects, and opportunities

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Nature and extent of deficits in the central, and state budgets
• Policy measures to correct fiscal imbalances in India
• Growth of public debt in India
• Issues relating to growth and structure of public expenditure in India
• Savings and inflationary finance
• Federal finance in India
• Fiscal reforms and it’s budgetary implications

Economics-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Objectives, strategy, experience, and problems
• Savings and investment rates, trends, and problems
• Growth and structure of the economy of Himachal Pradesh-problems and constraints

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Circuit components; circuit analysis techniques: Mesh and nodal analysis, graph theory, duality; network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC, and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications
• Coupled circuits; balanced three phase systems
• Two port networks; poles and zeros of network functions
• Elements of network synthesis
• Filter theory: Passive and active filters; design and applications

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Representation of continuous time and discrete time signals, and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time domain analysis of LTI systems; difference equations
• Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, transfer function
• Sampling and recovery of signals; DFT, FFT; processing of analog signals through discrete time systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media, boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves
• Transmission line: Distributed parameters circuits, travelling waves, impedance matching
• Waveguides, resonators, planar transmission lines; strip line and micro strips
• EMC and EMI

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Characteristics and equivalent circuits of diodes, BJT, JFET, and MOSFET
• Diode rectifier, clipping, and clamping circuits
• Biasing and stability
• Amplifiers: Single and multistage, FET amplifiers, differential, operational, feedback and power
• OP AMP circuits, sinusoidal oscillators; criteria for oscillations, single transistor and OPAMP configurations
• Function generators and wave shaping circuits
• Power supplies

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean function; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS)
• Combinational circuits: Arithmetic circuits, multiplexers, and decoders
• Sequential circuits: Latches and flip-flops, counters, and shift registers
• Comparators, timers, multi vibrators
• Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs
• Semiconductor memories
• Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA)

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Types and construction, equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation, and efficiency; autotransformer, three phase transformation, transformer harmonics, importance of transformer neutral in three phase transformations, Scott connections
• Three-phase to six-phase transformation
• Principles of energy conversion, D.C. generators and motors: Performance characteristics, starting arid speed control armature reaction, and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and speed control
• Single-phase capacitor start and run induction motor
• Synchronous generators: Performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation
• Synchronous motors: Starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condenser. FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless DC motors, single-phase reluctance motors, universal motor and hysteresis motor

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Semiconductor power devices: Diode, power transistor, thyristor, triac, Diac, GTO, IGBT, RCT, MCT, SITh, SIT, and MOSFET, static and dynamic characteristics, and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters
• Fully controlled and half controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of DC and AC motor drives
• Application of variable speed drives

Electrical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Random variables: Continuous, discrete; probability; probability functions
• Statistical averages; probability models; random signals and noise; white noise, noise equivalent; bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio
• Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation-DSB, DSB-SC, and SSB
• Modulators and demodulators; phase and frequency modulation: PM and FM signals; narrowband FM; generation and detection of FM and PM
• CW modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver
• Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop and closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feedback
• LTI systems: Time-domain and transform-domain analysis
• Stability: Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, design of lead-lad compensators
• Proportional, PI, PID controllers
• State-variable representation and analysis of control systems
• Principles of discrete-control systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Electrical and electronic behaviour of materials; conductivity; free-electrons and band theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity
• Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena
• Magnetic materials; behaviour and application
• Photonic materials: Refractive index, absorption and emission of light, optical fibers, lasers

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• 16-bit microprocessor: Architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing, I/O, peripheral controllers, multiprocessing
• PC architecture: Overview, advanced microprocessors

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Error analysis; measurement of current; voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance, and frequency; bridge measurements electronic measuring instruments; multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter
• Spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter
• Transducers: Thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezoelectric crystal
• Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical quantities
• Data-acquisition systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Overview of IC technology
• Unit-steps used in IC fabrication: Photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation
• CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of polysilicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and silicon dioxide

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Analysis and control: Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; power flow
• Analysis and control: Voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults
• Concept of system stability: Swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Generation and measurement of high voltage. Basic concepts of HVDC and multi-phase (six phase) transmission; FACTS
• Computer control and automaton: Introduction to energy control centers; various states of a power system; SCADA systems and RTUs. Active power control; speed control of generators, tie line control, frequency control
• Computer control and automaton: Economic dispatch, optimal power flow
• Power system protection: Principle of over-current, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit breakers
• Computer aided protection: Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays. Introduction to restructuring and deregulation of power sector

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources
• Wind-energy: Wind-energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid
• Solar-energy: Thermal conversion-photovoltaic conversion
• Wave-energy
• Importance of energy management: Energy audit; energy economics

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation and demodulation schemes: Amplitude, phase, and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK)
• Error control coding: Error detection and correction, linear block codes
• Information measure and source coding
• Data networks, 7-layer architecture

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 09

• General overview and technical characteristics, earth station equipment, satellite link design, CNR of satellite system
• Radar: Basic principles, pulsed systems: CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar, phase array radars
• Television systems: Television systems and standards, black and white and colour-TV transmission and receiver systems

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Multiplexing: Time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing

Electrical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 11

• Optical properties of materials: Refractive index absorption and emission of light, optical fiber, lasers and optoelectronic materials fiber optic links

English literature-Paper-I: Unit 01

• The Renaissance, Elizabethan drama, metaphysical poetry, classicism, romanticism, the rise of novel, the Victorian age
• William Shakespeare: The tempest
• John donne: The following poems-(a) The canonization, (b) The good morrow, (c) The flea, (d) The ecstasy, (e) The sun rising, (f) Death be not proud
• John Milton: Paradise lost, I, IV
• William Wordsworth: The following poems-(a) Ode on intimation of immortality, (b) Tintern abbey, (c) The solitary reaper, (d) The world is too much with us, (e) Upon west minster bridge
• Alfred Tennyson: The following poem-(a) Ulysses, (b) The lotus eaters
• Henrik Ibsen: A doll's house
• Jane Austen: Pride and prejudice
• Charles Dickens: Hard times
• Thomas Hardy: Tess of the d'Urbervilles
• Mark Twain: The adventures of Huckleberry Finn

English literature-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Modernism, the stream of consciousness novel, absurd drama, colonialism and post colonialism, Indian writing in English, feminism, post-modernism
• William Butler Yeats: The following poems-(a) Easter 1916, (b) The second coming, (c) A prayer for my daughter, (d) Sailing to Byzantium, (e) The tower, (f) Among school children
• T.S. Eliot: The following poems-(a) The love songs of J. Alfred Prufrock, (b) Journey of the magi, (c) The hollow men
• Robert Frost: The following poems-(a) Stopping by woods on a snowy evening, (b) The road not taken,(c) After apple picking, (d) Birches, (e) Mending wall
• W.H. Auden: The following poems-(a) In memory of W.B. Yeats, (b) The unknown citizen, (c) The shield of Achilles, (d) September 1, 1939
• Samuel Beckett: Waiting for godot
• Arthur Miller: Death of a salesman
• E.M. Forster: A passage to India
• James Joyce: A portrait of the artist as a young man
• Nathaniel Hawthornem: The scarlet letter
• R.K. Narayan: The guide

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Branches of forestry
• Forest types of India and their distribution
• Factors influencing vegetation
• Natural and artificial regeneration of forests
• Collection, storage, and viability tests
• Pre-sowing seed treatments
• Nursery practices-selection and preparation of site
• Application of fertilizers
• Preparation of growing mixture and filling of containers
• Aforestation-selection and preparation of site, selection of stock, time, and pattern of planting
• Tending operation

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Detailed study of clear felling, shelter wood, selection, accessory and coppice systems, and their modifications
• Conversion
• Choice of silvicultural system

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Systems of classification
• Growth habit, distribution, habitat requirements, phenology, silvicultural characters, regeneration methods, and uses of cedrus deodara, pinus roxburghii, pinus wallichiana, pinus gerardiana, picea smithina
• Abies pindrow, quercus spp
• Shorea robusta, tectona grandis, dalbergia sissoo
• Acacia catechu and bamboo spp

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Definition, scope, and objectives
• Role of social forestry in meeting energy, small timber requirement of rural India, environment amelioration, water regulation and checking of erosion
• Place of social forestry in the national forest policy
• Species for social forestry plantation
• Social forestry in Himachal Pradesh
• Van mahotsva and Chipko movement

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Classification of forest soils, their physical, chemical, and biological properties
• Soil erosion-processes and factors responsible
• Soil conservation methods
• Watershed management and water harvesting structures
• Role of forests in watershed management
• Soil survey and land capability classes
• Problems of forest soils and their management
• Fertilizer materials and their applications in forest nurseries

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Role of biotechnology in tree improvement
• Seed production and seed orchards
• Forest ecosystems-Principle components and steps
• Ecological succession in forest
• Impacts of management practices on forest succession

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Herbaria-principle and its establishment
• Grasslands-types in India and H.P., components of grasslands, methods to improve grasslands

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Diameter, girth, height, bark thickness, crown width, crown length, form, volume, and biomass
• Measurement of forest stands (crops)-height, diameter, age, and volume
• Forest inventory, types of sampling
• Estimation of stand growth, canopy density, yield tables, and their application
• Introduction to remote sensing and its application in forestry

Forestry-Paper-I: Unit 09

• Forest policy of 1894, 1952, and 1988
• Forest law, its necessity
• Indian forest act, 1927
• Forest conservation act, 1980

Forestry-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Felling, conversion, transport, safety
• Forest depots, saw milling, defects in wood
• Wood seasoning
• Wood preservation
• Important wood characteristics-wood density and strength
• Wood based industries-composite and improved wood, pulp, and paper, rayon, furniture
• Forest products-oleoresin, katha and cutch, charcoal, tannin, gums, dyes, fibers, and flosses, lac, wild fruits, and oil seeds
• Distribution, cultivation, and utilization of pepper, cardamom, clove, rauwolfia, dioscorea, isabgol, belladonna, citronella grass, lavender, geranium, mentha, ocimum

Forestry-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Important diseases viz. ganoderma root rot of shisham and khair, armillaria root rot, phytophthora root rot of deodar
• Heart rots
• Important characters of phylum, arthoropoda, and class insecta
• Insect-pest and disease management methods
• Insect pests and diseases in forest nurseries and their management
• Problems of weeds in forest nurseries and plantations
• Weed control
• Forest fires-their harmful and beneficial effects
• Fire control methods
• Fire fighting devices and extinguishing chemicals
• Modern methods of forest fire control

Forestry-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Adoption and differences of farm technology, communication methods, techniques of motivating farmers, farm women, NGOs, etc
• Role of village/ rural institutions for rural development

Forestry-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Market structures and classification
• Marketing of forest products and its role in economy
• Cost-benefit analysis of forestry projects
• Determination of optimal rotation of forest crops

Forestry-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Protected area-sanctuary, national parks, and biosphere reserves

Forestry-Paper-II: Unit 06

• Principles, practices, and tools
• Wildlife damage control-mitigating human, wildlife conflict
• Endangered species of wildlife in Himachal Pradesh
• Special projects for wildlife conservation-project tiger and musk deer project
• Wildlife (protection) act, 1972 including amendments
• Wildlife conservation-principles and strategies, in-situ and ex-situ conservation
• Zoos and their role in conservation

Geography-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Geomorphology: Earth movements-orogenic and eperiogenic (folding and faulting), earthquakes and volcanoes, isostasy, Wegner’s theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. Rocks-origin and composition, weathering, mass wasting
• Geomorphology: Concept of cycle of erosion, interruption in the cycle of erosion. Geomorphic agents and processes: Erosion, transportation, and deposition-fluvial, glacial, Aeolian, (arid), karst, and coastal (marine) landscapes
• Climatology: Atmospheric moisture-humidity, evaporation and condensation; hydrological cycle; types of precipitation, world patterns of rainfall. Air masses and fronts: Concept, classification, and properties
• Climatology: Atmospheric disturbance-tropical and temperate cyclones; thunderstorms and tornadoes. Climatic classification; Koppen’s classification
• Oceanography: Circulation of oceanic waters-waves, tides, and currents; currents of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Marine deposits and coral reefs; oceans as storehouse of resources for the future
• Environmental geography: Man-environment interrelations with concept of eco-system. Utilization of natural resources and environmental hazards. Emerging environmental issues-deforestation, global warning, conservation of biodiversity

Geography-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Population geography: Demographic cycle concepts of over population, under population and optimum population; population problems in developed and developing countries; migration-causes, patterns (past and present) and consequence. Number, density
• Population geography: Growth and distribution of population, population pressure and resource utilization. Population explosion and food security
• Economic geography: Distribution and utilization of water, mineral, and energy resources; their economic and environmental significance, and conservation. Types and distribution of forests, and fisheries
• Economic geography: Their economic and environmental significance and conservation. Major soil types and their distribution; problems of soil erosion and soil conservation. Mineral resources-iron ore and energy resources-coal, and petroleum
• Rural and urban settlements: Definition, types, and patterns of rural settlements, origin and evolution of urban settlements; functional classification of urban places; trends, patterns, and problems of urbanization in the world

Geography-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Physical settings: India-a land of diversities; unity within diversities; a detailed study of physiographic divisions of India, drainage systems of India. Soil types of India-their distribution and characteristics; vegetation types and their distribution
• Population and agriculture: Spatial patterns of population distribution and growth; socioeconomic implications of population explosion. Major agricultural crops: Rice, wheat, cotton, and tea. Green revolution and its impact; problems of Indian agriculture
• Minerals, power resources, and industries: The status of their use and need for conservation. Minerals-iron ore, power resources-coal, petroleum, and hydropower
• Minerals, power resources, and industries: Spatial patterns of iron and steel, and cotton textile industries, industrial regions of India
• Geography of Himachal Pradesh: Geomorphology, climate, drainage, vegetation, hydropower, and horticulture

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 01

• The solar system, meteorites
• Shape, size, and surface relief of earth
• Origin, age, and interior of the earth, radioactive dating
• Volcanoes-causes and effects
• Earthquakes-causes and effects, seismicity and seismic zoning of India
• Isostasy, orogeny, and epeirogeny
• Island arcs, mid-oceanic ridges, trenches, transform faults and sea floor spreading
• Continental drift, plate-tectonics and their mechanism
• Basic concepts of geomorphology, weathering and mass wasting, geological agents in weathering and erosion
• Action of river, wind, underground water, springs, glaciers, oceans, lakes, and coral reefs

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Principles of geological mapping and map reading
• Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions, stress, strain, and rupture concept
• Primary and secondary structures
• Unconformities-types and their recognition in the field
• Folds, faults, their classification and recognition on maps and in the field
• Joints and their classification

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Concept of species, branches of palaeontology, index fossils, guide fossils, Precambrian life, major extinctions in past life
• Different kinds of microfossils and palynofossils
• Applications of microfossils and palynofossils specifically in petroleum exploration
• Morphology, geologic history and evolutionary trends in trilobita, brachiopoda, echinoidea, and cephalopoda
• Morphology of gastropoda, pelecypoda, graptoloidea, and their environmental, stratigraphic significance
• Evolutionary trends in equidae, hominidae, and proboscidae
• Gondwana flora and its significance

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Stratigraphic classification: Lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, geologic time, biostratigraphic, and magnetostratigraphic units and their possible interrelationship. Principles of stratigraphic correlation
• Stratigraphic classification: Stratigraphic succession, distribution, and economic importance of precambrian and phanerozoic rock sequences of India. Precambrian/ Cambrian and cretaceous/ tertiary boundary problems
• Stratigraphic classification: Major volcanic events of geologic past in India. Palaeogeographic reconstruction of India during gondwana time and palaeogebe, neogene periods. Physiographic and tectonic divisions of India. Origin and evolution of Himalayas

Geology-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Occurrence of groundwater, hydrologic cycle, groundwater aquifers and their parameters, groundwater quality criteria for different uses
• Problems and management of groundwater, groundwater recharge
• Rainwater harvesting and watershed management
• Engineering properties of rocks
• Rocks as building and construction materials
• Geological investigations for dams, tunnels, bridges and highways, land hazards due to earthquakes, landslides, and their impact on engineering structures

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Elements of crystal forms and symmetry
• Laws of crystallography
• Crystal systems and classes
• Crystals twinning
• Petrological microscope and accessories
• Crystal optics
• Physical, chemical, and optical properties of common rock and ore forming minerals

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Cosmic abundance of elements
• Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements
• Types of chemical bonds, coordination number, isomorphism and polymorphism
• Trace elements
• Magma-composition and types
• Magmatic differentiation and assimilation
• Bowen reaction series
• Phase rule-unicomponent and bicomponent systems
• Forms, texture, structure, and classification of igneous rocks
• Mode of occurrence, mineralogy, structure and distribution of the following rocks in India-granite, pegmatite, rhyolite diorite, gabbro, basalt, and dolerite
• Metamorphism-definition, agents and types, texture, structure, concept of facies, grades, and zones
• Thermal and regional metamorphism of different parent rocks
• Processes of sedimentation, digenesis and lithification
• Clastic and non-clastic sedimentary rocks-their classification, petrography, structure and depositional environment
• Sedimentary basins of india

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Ore and ore minerals, tenor of ore and classification of ore deposits
• Processes of formation of mineral deposits
• The study of physical properties and uses of the following ores with reference to Indian occurrences: Iron, manganese, aluminium, copper, lead, chromium zinc, nickel, cobalt, antimony, gold, silver, platinum, uranium, and thorium
• Coal and petroleum deposits of India
• Marine mineral resources

Geology-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Mining methods in hard rock and soft rock areas
• Mining operations safety and legislation
• Basic principles of environment and sustainable development in relation to geology
• Natural hazards and their mitigation
• Environmental impact of mining and industrial and radioactive waste disposal
• Water pollution

Hindi literature-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Evolution of Awadhi, Braj bhasha as literary language during the medieval period
• Evolution of Khari Boli Hindi as literary language during the 19th century
• Standardization of Hindi language with Devanagari script
• Major dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship
• Significant grammatical features of standard Hindi

Hindi literature-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Chief characteristics of the major periods of Hindi literature viz. Aadi kaal, Bhakti kaal, Reeti kaal, Bhartendu yug, Diwedi yug
• Some prominent poets: Chandvardai, Vidyapati, Kabir, Soordas, Tulsidas, Jayasi, Keshav, Meera, Bihari, Ghananand, Bhartendoo, Maithlisharana Gupta
• Significant features of the main literary trends and tendencies in modern Hindi viz. Chhayavad, Pragtivad, Prayogvad nayi kavita, Samkaaleen kavita, Samkaaleen kavita ke vividh aandolan, Nayi kahani, Saathotri kahani, Samkaaleen kahani ke vividhaandolan
• Some prominent poets: Jai Shankar Prasad, Nirala, Ram Dhari Singh Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh
• Some prominent novelists: Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu, Bhishm Sahni
• Some prominent short-story writers: Premchand, Prasad, Mohan Rakesh, Gyanranjan, Udey Prakash
• Rise of novel and realism in modern Hindi
• A brief history of theatre and drama in Hindi

Hindi literature-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Kabir: Kabir Granthavali' by Shyam Sunder Das (200 stanzas from the beginning)
• Soordas: Bharamar Geet Saar' (200 stanzas from the beginning)
• Tulsidas: (a) From 'Ramcharitmanas' (Ayodhiya Kaand only), (b) From 'Kavitavali' (Uttarakhand only)
• Bhartendu Harishchandra: Andher Nagri' (natak)
• Premchand: Godan' (novel) and 'Mansarovar-bhag-Ek' (short stories)
• Jayshankar Prasad: Chandragupta' (natak)
• Suryakant Tripathi Nirala: Anamika' ('Saroj Smriti', 'Ram-ki-shakti pooja' poems only)
• Sachchida Nand Hiranad Vatsyayan Agyeya: Shekhar ek Jeevani two parts' (novel)
• Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh: Chand kaa munh tehra hai' ('Andhere mein' poem only)
• Nagarjun: Yug Dhara' ('Kalidas sach sach Batlana,' 'Sindoor Tilkit Bhaal' poems only)
• Sudama Pandey Dhumil: Sansad Se Sarak Tak' ('Patkatha' poem only)

Horticulture-Paper-I: Unit 01

• General principles of cultivation
• Method of propagation
• Physiological basis of rooting
• Special plant growing structures-mist propagation, green house and glass house
• Promising rootstocks for fruit crop
• Plant growth regulators, retardants, and inhibitors relating to flowering sex expression, fruit set, fruit development, and ripening
• Orchard management practices, manures, and manuring, irrigation, training, and pruning high density plantings
• Fruit thinning and fruit drop

Horticulture-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Important pests, diseases, and physiological disorders and their management, integrated management of pests and diseases
• Harvesting and harvest maturity indices
• Handling and marketing problems of major fruits
• Special problems of production

Horticulture-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Important fruit and vegetable products
• Processing techniques and equipments
• Wastes from processing factory and their impact of environment
• By-products and utilization
• Nutritive value of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables
• Standards of fruit and vegetable products

Horticulture-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Use of planning and budgeting techniques
• Efficiency measures of orchard management

Horticulture-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Methods of evaluation of extension programmes
• Socioeconomic survey and status of different categories of farmers
• Training programmes of extension workers
• Lab to land and T and V programmes

Horticulture-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Types of vegetable, gardening
• Principles of vegetable cultivation including nursery management
• Climate requirement and cultivation of major summer and winter vegetable crops
• Off-season vegetable production
• Disease and pests of vegetable crops and measures to control

Horticulture-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Their characteristics and association with various vegetable crops
• Cultural, Biological, and Chemical control of Weeds

Horticulture-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Methods of breeding of self, cross-pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops
• Seed Technology and its importance
• Production, processing, testing, and marketing of vegetable seeds

Horticulture-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Growth and development factors affecting growth
• Absorption and translocation of water, transpiration, and water economy
• Modern concepts of photosynthesis and respiration

Horticulture-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Mineral and organic constituents of soil and their role of maintaining soil productivity
• Plant nutrient elements of soil and their availability
• Nitrogenous, phosphatic and pottasic and micronutrient fertilizers, and their use
• Problem soils and their reclamation
• Water conservation and watershed management
• Water use efficiency in relation to crop production
• Criteria for scheduling irrigation, ways, and means of reducing runoff losses

Horticulture-Paper-II: Unit 06

• History, theory and principles of landscape plantings and lawns
• Beautification of slopes, forests, and wastelands
• Layout of home gardens and public parks
• Propagation of ornamentals
• Cultural requirement of ornamental trees, shrubs, climbers, bulbs, and annuals for winter and summer season
• Production technology and post harvest management of cut flowers, bulbs, house plants and bedding plants

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Indus civilization, patterns of settlements, economic, and social organization
• Recent debates on the decline of the Indus civilization

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Textual and archaeological evidence

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Their teachings and popularity among contemporary Mahajanapadas

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Sources and their chronology, Ashoka's policy of Dhamma
• The nature of the Mauryan state
• Decline of the Mauryan empire

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Polity and society
• Religion and culture
• Urbanization and trade
• Sangam texts and Tamil society
• Shilppadikaram

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Evolution of art and architecture
• Development of ideas in science and mathematics
• Varahamihira’s Brihatsamhita

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Major powers in the north and the south
• Changes in political structure, economy, social structure, and religion

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 08

• Tripartite struggle in north India
• The rise of the Cholas in the south
• Debates on Indian feudalism
• Village communities in the south
• Typology of urban centers
• The Arab conquest of Sind
• Alberuni’s India: Society and science
• The emergence of temple as an institution

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 09

• The Ghorian invasions and their impact
• Causes of the success of the Ghorian Turks
• The Delhi sultanate: Balban
• Alauddin Khalji and his agrarian, and economic measures

Indian history-Paper-I: Unit 10

• Bengal, Kashmir, Gujarat, Malwa, and Bahmanids
• The Vijayanagar Empire
• Evolution of Indo-Persian literature
• Bhakti and Sufi movements in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Early expansion under Babar and Humayun
• Sher Shah’s administrative and revenue measures
• Akbar and his India
• Establishment of jagir and mansab systems
• Akbar’s policy towards chieftains, especially Rajputs
• Akbar’s religious policy
• Abul Fazl’s Akbarnama
• Mughal-Rajputs relations under Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb
• Debate on the nature of the Mughal state
• Economy and society
• Urban centers
• Trade with Europe through Dutch, English, and French companies

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Literature, painting, and architecture
• Religious trends: Bhakti and Sufism

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Decline of the mughal empire
• The emergence of the regional potentates in the Deccan, Bengal, and Awadh
• The rise of the Marathas, and the Afghans
• India on the eve of the British conquest

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Mysore, Maratha power, and Bengal
• Annexation of Panjab and Sind
• The nature of residency system and ‘doctrine of lapse’
• Structure of the British Raj up to 1857

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 05

• 1857-causes, course, nature, and impact
• Changes in British administrative and economic policies after 1858
• Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule
• Christian missionary activities
• Social and Religious Reform movements in Bengal and Other Areas
• Railways
• Commercialization of agriculture
• Growth of modern industry
• Trade and commerce: 1858-1939

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 06

• The evolution of modern associations
• Peasant and tribal uprisings
• The emergence of the Indian national congress
• Collaboration and confrontation of the moderates and extremists
• Partition of Bengal, 1905
• Swadeshi and Home rule movements

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Rowlett Satyagraha, Khilafat, and non-cooperation
• Civil disobedience movement
• The Swarajist politics
• Simon commission and Nehru report
• From Dominion status to Purna Swaraj
• Second civil disobedience
• States people’s movement

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Congress ministries, 1937-1939
• The communal problem
• India during the second world war
• The Cripps mission
• The quit india movement
• Constitutional negotiations and the transfer of power

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Integration of indian states
• The democratic constitution, 1950
• Planning and industrialization

Indian history-Paper-II: Unit 10

• Some concepts renaissance and its social roots
• European state system
• Industrial revolution: Britain, Japan, China
• The emergence of the nationalities, and the making of the nation states
• Two World wars
• United nations organization

Law-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Schools of jurisprudence: (a) Analytical school, (b) historical school, (c) philosophical school, (d) sociological school
• Sources of law: (a) Custom, (b) precedent, (c) legislation
• Concepts of law: (a) Right and duty, (b) legal person, (c) ownership and possession

Law-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Fundamental rights
• Fundamental duties
• Writs

Law-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Class character of law
• Class character of state
• Relation of legal system and economic system of a society

Law-Paper-I: Unit 04

Law-Paper-II: Unit 01

• General principles of law of contract (sections 1 to 75)

Law-Paper-II: Unit 02

• General exceptions (sections 76 to 106)
• Offences against public Ttranquillity (sections 141, 142, 146, 149, and 159)
• Offences against human body (sections 299, 300, 301, 319, 320,322, 340, 359, 360, 361, and 362)
• Offences against property (sections 378, 383, 390,. 391, 399, 403, 405, 415, 421, and 441)
• Criminal procedure code-chapter X-D disputes as to immovable property (sections 145, 146, 147, and 148)

Law-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Of relevancy of facts (sections 5 to 55)
• Facts which need not be proved (sections 56 to 58)
• Of oral evidence (sections 59 and 60)
• Of documentary evidence (sections 61 to 90 A)
• Of the exclusion of oral by documentary evidence (sections 91 to 100)
• Burden of proof (sections 101 to 114-A)

Law-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Nature and definition
• General defences
• Vicarious liability of state
• Trespass as to the person and property (moveable and immovable)
• Abuse of legal procedure
• Negligence, contributory negligence, and composite negligence
• Rules of strict liability and absolute liability
• Remedies

Management-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Significance of social, psychological factors for undertaking organizational behaviour relevance of theories of motivation
• Contribution of Maslow, Herzberg
• Mc-Gregor, Mc-Clell and other leading authorities
• Research studies in leadership, management by objective
• Small group and intergroup behaviour
• Application of these concepts for understanding the managerial role, conflicts, and cooperation, work norms and dynamics of organizational behavior
• Organisational change organisational design: Organizational structure, systems and objectives
• Decision making, communication, and control
• Management, information system, and role of computer in management

Management-Paper-I: Unit 02

• National income, analysis and its use in business forecasting
• Trends and structure in Indian economy a government programmes and policies
• Regulatory policies, monetary, fiscal land planning
• Regulatory agencies, SEBI, FEMA, RBI, and EXIM policies

Management-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Maxima and minima of single and several variables: Optimization under constraints-applications
• Linear programming; problem formulation-graphical solution, simplex method

Management-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Measures of central tendencies and variations-application of binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
• Time series-regression and correlation tests of hypothesis, decisions making under risk
• Decision trees, replacement theory minimax, maximin criterion of decision making
• Different criterion for selecting optimum strategies

Management-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Marketing and economic development
• Marketing concept and its applicability to the Indian economy-major tasks of management in the context of developing economy
• Rural and urban marketing, their prospects and problems
• Concept of marketing mix: Market segmentation and product differentiation strategies-consumer motivation and behaviour consumer behavioural models-product brand distribution, public distribution system, price and promotion
• Decision: Planning and control of marketing programmes, research and models, sales organizational dynamics, marketing information systems
• Export incentives and promotional strategies: Role of government, trade association and individual organization-problems and prospects of export marketing

Management-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Types of manufacturing systems continuous repetitive, intermittent
• Organizing for production, long range, forecast, and aggregate
• Production planning
• Plant design process planning, plant size, and scale of operations
• Location of plant, lay-out of physical facilities
• Equipment replacement and maintenance
• CAD and CAM
• Object oriented programming, elements of C++ language and functions, enterprise resource planning, modules/ functionality, system analysis and design, tools for analysis and design of business systems, system control and quality assurance, e-commerce
• Network infrastructure, inter-organizational commerce, electronic data interchange, internet, an web page designing, search engines, hosting web site, and internet security
• Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, quality control, make of buy decision, control-ABC analysis
• Economic order quality
• Recorder point safety stock

Management-Paper-II: Unit 03

• General tools of financial analysis: Ration analysis, funds flow analysis, cost-volume-profit analysis, cash budgeting-financial, and operating leverage
• Investment decision, financing decisions, working capital managements and income determination, and distribution

Management-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Characteristics and significance of human resources
• Personal policies-manpower, policy and planning-recruitment and selection technique-training and development promotions and transfers, performance appraisal-job evaluation
• Wage and salary administration-employees morals and motivation, conflict management
• Management of change and development
• Industrial relations, economy and society in India
• Worker profile and management style in India
• Labour legislation with special reference to industrial disputes act, payment of bonus act, trade unions act, industrial democracy and workers participation in management, collective bargaining conciliation and adjudication
• Discipline and grievances handling in industry

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Matrices, row, and column reductions, echelon forms
• Eigen values, Eigen vectors, and characteristic equation of a matrix
• Cayley-Hamilton theorem and its applications, rank of a matrix
• Applications of matrices to solve a system of linear homogeneous/ nonhomogeneous equations
• Vector space, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions
• Finite dimensional vector spaces
• Linear transformations, the algebra of linear transformations, isomorphism, representation of transformations by matrices, linear functionals
• The double dual and the transpose of a linear transformation
• Inner product spaces
• Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
• Orthogonal vectors
• Orthogonal complements
• Orthonormal sets and orthonormal bases
• Bessel’s inequality for finite dimensional spaces
• Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process
• Linear functionals and adjoints

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Real numbers, limits, continuity, differerentiability, mean-value theorems
• Taylor's theorem with remainders
• Indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes curvature, concavity, convexity, points of inflexion, and tracing of curves
• Functions of two variables: Continuity, differentiability, partial derivatives, Euler’s theorem for homogeneous functions, Jacobian, maxima, and minima
• Lagrange's method of multipliers
• Riemann's definition of definite integrals
• Indefinite integrals, infinite, and improper integrals, beta, and gamma functions
• Double and triple integrals
• Areas, Surface, and Volumes

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Cartesian and polar coordinates in two and three dimensions, second degree equations in two and three dimensions, reduction to canonical forms, straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines
• Plane, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder, Paraboloid, Ellipsoid, Hyperboloid of one and Two sheets and Their properties

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Formulation of differential equations, order and degree, equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor, equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut's equation, singular solution
• Higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, complementary function and particular integral, general solution, Euler-Cauchy equation
• Second order linear equations with variable coefficients, determination of complete solution when one solution is known, method of variation of parameters
• Solution by power series method and its basis, solution of Bessel and Legendre’s equations, properties of Bessel and Legendre functions

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Scalar and vector fields, triple products, differentiation of vector function of a scalar variable, gradient, divergence and Curl in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates and their physical interpretations
• Higher order derivatives, vector identities and vector equations
• Applications to geometry: Curves in space, curvature, and torsion
• Serret-Frenet's formulae, Gauss’ and Stokes' theorems, Green's identities

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Analytical conditions of equilibrium of coplanar forces, virtual work
• Forces in three dimensions, Poinsot’s central axis, wrenches, null lines and planes, stable and unstable equilibrium

Mathematics-Paper-I: Unit 07

• Simple harmonic motion, motion on rough curve, tangential and normal accelerations, motion in a resisting medium, motion when the mass varies, velocity along radial and transverse directions, central orbits
• Kepler’s laws of motion, motion of a particle in three dimensions, acceleration in terms of polar and Cartesian coordinate systems

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Mappings, elementary properties of integers
• Definition of a group and subgroup their examples and properties
• Normal subgroups, quotient groups
• Homomorphism, group automorphisms, Cayley’s theorem, permutation groups

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 02

• The Riemann integral: Definition and existence of integral, refinement of partitions, Darboux’s theorem, condition of integrability
• Integrability of the sum and difference of integrable functions
• The fundamental theorem of calculus, first and second mean value theorems of calculus
• Improper integrals and their convergence, comparison tests, Abel’s and Dirichlet’s tests

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Definition of a sequence, theorems on limits of sequences, bounded and monotonic sequences and their convergence
• Cauchy’s convergence criterion, algebra of sequences, main theorems, monotonic sequences, series of non-negative terms, comparison test, Cauchy’s Integral test, ratio test, Raabe’s test, logarithmic test, Gauss’s test, alternating series, Leibnitz’s test
• Absolute and conditional convergence

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Definition and examples of metric spaces
• Limits in metric spaces
• Functions continuous on metric spaces
• Open sets
• Closed sets
• Connected sets
• Complete metric spaces
• Compact metric spaces
• Continuous functions on compact metric spaces, uniform continuity

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 05

• Complex numbers, geometric representation of complex numbers
• Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula
• Conformal mapping, bilinear transformation (Mobius transformation)

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 06

• First order partial differential equations: Partial differential equations of the first order in two independent variables, formulation of first order partial differential equation
• First order partial differential equations: Solution of linear first order partial differential equations (Lagrange’s method), integral surfaces passing through a given curve, surfaces orthogonal to a given system of surfaces
• First order partial differential equations: Solution of non-linear partial differential equations of first order by Charpit’s method
• Second order partial differential equations: Origin and classification of second order partial differential equation, solution of linear partial differential equation with constant coefficients
• Second order partial differential equations: Monge’s method to solve the non-linear partial differential equation Rr+Ss+Tt = V

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 07

• Introduction, basic theory of Laplace transforms, solution of initial value problem using Laplace transforms, shifting theorems, unit step function, Dirac-delta function
• Differentiation and integration of Laplace transforms
• Convolution theorem

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 08

• Variation problems with fixed boundaries-Euler’s equation for functionals containing first order derivative and one independent variable
• Extremals
• Functionals dependent on higher order derivatives
• Functionals dependent on more than one independent variable
• Variational problems in parametric form
• Invariance of Euler’s equation under coordinates transformation
• Variational problems with moving boundaries-functionals dependent on one and two functions
• Sufficient conditions for an extremum-Jacobi and Legendre conditions

Mathematics-Paper-II: Unit 09

• Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, secant, regula falsi, Newton-Raphson method, roots of polynomials
• Linear equations: Solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination method, Gauss-Seidel iterative method
• Interpolation: Lagrange and Newton interpolation, divided differences, difference schemes, interpolation formulas using differences
• Numerical differentiation: Solution of ordinary differential equations by Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta’s II and IV order method
• Numerical integration: Simpson’s 1/3 rule, Simpson’s 3/8 rule, trapezodial rule, Gaussian quadrature formula
• Programming in C: Algorithms and flow-charts for solving numerical problems. Developing simple programs in C language for problems involving techniques covered in the numerical analysis

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 01

• Free body diagrams and equilibrium; centre of gravity and moment of inertia, trusses and frames; principal of virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion
• Including impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; impact

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 02

• Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants, Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain, thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; combined bending and direct stresses
• Slope and deflection of cantilever and simply supported beams with point loads and UDL; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; strain energy methods; thermal stresses, failure theories, unsymmetrical bending and shear centre
• Theories of elastic failure

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 03

• Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism; laws of gearing, gear trains; analysis of cams, governors, flywheels, static and dynamic balancing, design of machine elements such as bolted
• Riveted and welded joints, shafts, gears, free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems; effect of damping

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 04

• Engineering materials and their mechanical behaviour, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials, structure and properties of engineering materials, fatigue and creep, heat treatment, metal casting, design of patterns, moulds and cores
• Solidification and cooling; riser and gating design, design considerations, plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing, metal forming processes
• Welding, brazing, and soldering, powder technology

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 05

• Single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; machining processes, principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures
• Design of cutting tools, limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly
• Unconventional machining processes, EDM, ECM, USM, LBM, EBM, non-destructive testing

Mechanical engineering-Paper-I: Unit 06

• Work and time study, forecasting models, inventory control, inspection and quality control, TQM, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning, linear programming, simplex and duplex method
• Transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 01

• Zeroth, first, and second laws of thermodynamics; basic concepts of system, control volume, processes; Carnot cycle, behaviour of ideal and real gases, properties of pure substances, steam table and Mollier diagram
• Calculation of work and heat in ideal processes; analysis of thermodynamics cycles related to energy conversion: Rankine, Otto, diesel, dual, Brayton cycle

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 02

• Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; applications of linear momentum equation, forces on flat and curved beams, fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum
• Rotation and vorticity, circulation, velocity potential, stream function, Bernoulli’s equation and its application; dimensional analysis, viscous flow of incompressible fluids; boundary layer, flow separation; flow through pipes, major and minor losses
• Compressible flow, stagnation properties, area velocity relationship, normal shock waves, flow through converging diverging nozzle

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 03

• Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, Fourier’s law, resistance concept, electrical analogy, critical thickness of insulation, fins, unsteady heat conduction, velocity and thermal boundary layer
• Dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, various correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates and through pipes, boiling and condensation heat transfer, radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces
• Emissive power, shape factors, network analysis; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods of design of single and multiple pass heat exchangers

Mechanical engineering-Paper-II: Unit 04

• Rankine, Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat
• Boilers and condensers, IC engines, working of two stroke and four stroke engines, combustion in SI and CI engines, knocking and detonation and their control, performance of SI and CI engines, turbo machinery, centrifugal pumps and compressors
• Steam turbines, velocity and pressure compounding, degree of reaction, pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines-impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, cavitation, refrigeration and airconditioning: Vapour compression refrigeration cycle
• Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Refrigerants, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, aircraft refrigeration, vapour absorption system, moist air properties, psychometric chart, basic psychometric processes, summer air-conditioning, alternate sources of energy
• Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Utilization of solar, wind energy, air pollution and its control

Medical science-Paper-I (Anatomy): Unit 01

• Osteology: (a) Names of the bones of the body and their position; classification of the bones with examples; general features of the bone and normal development; microscopic anatomy of bone; general pattern of blood supply
• Osteology: (a) Ossification of the bones of the limbs for age determination. X-rays of bones. (b) Process of repair of bone
• Muscular system: (a) Classification and identification of the muscles of the body: Main attachments, nerve supply and action(s), microscopic anatomy of muscles and the nerve terminations. (b) Details of attachments of the muscles
• Muscular system: (b) Ultrastructural features of muscle; mechanism of the movement caused by the muscle/ muscles and various forces exerted by them and their detailed action (s)
• Arthrology: (a) Definition and classification of joints, general features of different types of joints; detailed study of major joints of the limbs and movements performed at various joints in the body. (b) Microscopic anatomy of articular cartilage
• Arthrology: (b) Maintenance of articular cartilages; blood supply and nerve supply of the joints
• Cardio vascular system: (a) Normal position, external features and parts of the heart; internal features of the chambers of heart, names of the blood vessels and venous drainage of the organs, structures and body as a whole, conducting system of heart
• Cardio vascular system: (a) Fibroskeleton of heart, (b) Variation (s), developmental anomalies of heart and blood vessels, valvular defects and their effects in pathogenesis of the anomalies
• Respiratory system: (a) Position, parts, relations, blood supply of upper and lower respiratory tract. Pleura, its reflection, nerve supply, pleural recesses and their significance, bronchopulmonary segments, their importance, (b) mechanism of respiration
• Digestive system: (a) Position, extent, parts, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, and sphincters of the gastrointestinal system, (b) sphincteric action including functional implications
• Genito-urinary system: (a) Parts, position, relations, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of uterus, cervix, vagina, ovary, fallopian tubes, testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens, prostate, kidney, ureter
• Genito-urinary system: (a) Urinary bladder and urethra, (b) innervation of urinary bladder in detail
• Endocrine system and individual endocrine glands: (a) Various endocrine glands, their location, relations, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage, (b) clinical manifestations of common endocrine disorders
• Nervous system and its components: Parts of nervous system, neuron meninges, nerve terminals, neuroglia, myelination, degeneration and regeneration, ventricles, CSF, spinal cord and its blood supply. Motor and sensory pathways, cranial nerves
• Nervous system and its components: Thalamus, cerebellum, limbic and autonomic pathways. Functional cortical areas, motor and sensory cortex and their blood supply
• Special sensory organs: Gross anatomy of-(i) eye ball, extra ocular muscles their nerve supply and actions (s), (ii) ear, (iii) nose, (iv) tongue, its musculature blood supply and lymphatic drainage
• Lymphatic system: Location of the major groups of the lymphnodes of the body and their drainage areas. Gross anatomy of the major lymphatics specially thoracic duct and its tributaries
• Surface anatomy: Surface features of the body and projection of the outline of heart, its borders, surfaces and valves, lungs, their borders, fissures and hila, pleura, liver
• Surface anatomy: Kidneys and various abdominal and pelvic organs and important vessels and nerves
• Cross sectional anatomy: Cross sections of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis to understand the interrelationship of organs and structures

Medical science-Paper-I (Anatomy): Unit 02

Medical science-Paper-I (Anatomy): Unit 03

• General embryology
• Systemic embryology

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 01

• Architecture, compartmentation, cell membrane structure and functions; structure function relationships
• Membrane transport

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 02

• Function and classification of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and amino acids
• Stereoisomerism and chemistry of monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids
• Structural organization and structure-function relationships of proteins
• Hemoglobin and myoglobin, molecular mechanism of O transport and storage
• Molecular basis of sickle cell anaemia and thallesemias
• Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction
• Plasma proteins, their functions, and clinical significance

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 03

• Nomenclature, classification, kinetics, mechanism of enzymatic catalysis
• Factors influencing enzymatic catalyses, enzyme activators and inhibitors
• Regulation of enzyme activity, clinical enzymology, isoenzymes
• Metabolic pathways, their regulation and metabolic interrelationships

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 04

• Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) Pathways of glucose metabolism: Glycolysis, (b) HMP shunt, (c) gluconeogenesis, (d) glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, (e) galactose and fructose metabolism, (f) glycogen storage disease, (g) inborn errors of glucose metabolism
• Carbohydrate metabolism: (h) Regulation of glucose metabolism
• Amino acid metabolism: (a) General reactions, transamination, its metabolic and diagnostic significance, (b) disposal of amino acid nitrogen and detoxication of urea, (c) metabolic fate of amino acid carbon skeleton, (d) sulphur containing amino acids
• Amino acid metabolism: (e) In born errors of branched chain and aromatic amino acids, (f) important amino acid derivatives
• Lipid metabolism: (a) Biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids, phospolipids and triacylglycerols, (b) biosynthesis of cholesterol, chemistry and metabolism of lipoproteins. (c) Hyperlipoproteinemias, (d) lipid storage disease
• Lipid metabolism: (e) Ketone bodies-their synthesis, utilization, and conditions leading to ketoacidosis, prostaglandin
• TCA cycle and biological oxidation, prostanoids
• Regulation of the metabolic pathways: (a) Carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism, (b) interlinks between these pathways, (c) organ interrelationships in metabolism, (d) blood glucose regulation, and its impairment in diabetes mellitus
• Regulation of the metabolic pathways: (e) Metabolic adaptation in the fed state, fasting and prolonged starvation, (f) metabolic derangements and adaptations in diabetes mellitus

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 05

• Digestive enzymes, their action on dietary carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
• Absorption of glucose, amino acids, and lipids
• Gastric, pancreatic and intestinal function tests, liver function tests
• Functions of dietary ingredients, the macro, and micronutrients
• Fat soluble and water soluble vitamins, malnutrition, iron metabolism and heme synthesis

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 06

• Molecular basis of hormonal action, signal transduction mechanisms
• Chemistry, functions and mechanism of action of hormones of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, panaceas, and gonads
• Biosynthesis of steroid hormones their functions and mechanism of action
• Pineal body, endorphins and encephalins
• Calcium homeostasis
• Hormonal interplay in the regulation of metabolism

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 07

• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA structure, DNA Replication, DNA transcription, post-transcriptional processing
• Translation of genetic code, regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis inhibitors of protein synthesis
• DNA repair mechanisms, applied aspects of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, genetic engineering: Recombinant DNA technology, DNA and diagnostics, DNA repair mechanisms and related disorders, telomers, telomerases
• Inhibitors of DNA replication, apoptosis pH, buffer, physiological buffer systems-(a) regulation of blood pH, acidosis, alkalosis, (b) renal functions tests

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 08

• Reticuloendothelial system, components, and functions of the innate and adaptive immunity
• Role of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presentation, induction of immune response, cell mediated immune response, immunoglobulin structure and functions, humoral immune response, fate of antigen antibody complex, complement system
• Generation of antibody diversity, hypersensitivities, immunoregulation, autoimmunity, tolerance, HLA, disease association and transplantation, Immunological techniques, application in medicine (vaccines, immunotherapy, immunoassays, and immunodiagnostics)

Medical science-Paper-I (Biochemistry): Unit 09

• Xenbiotics, interaction with biomolecules, effects, metabolism, detoxication, biochemical characteristics of cancer, environmental pollutants and carcinogenensis

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 01

• Physicochemical properties of cell membrane, cell membrane: permeability and transport, principles of bioelectricity, genesis of resting membrane potential, action potential, properties of nerve-fibres, functional anatomy of neuromuscular junction
• Neuromuscular transmission, muscle proteins-(biochemistry), excitation-contraction coupling, contraction kinetics of skeletal muscles, smooth muscle, injury and repair of nerves and muscles, energetics of nerve and muscle, work physiology

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 02

• Functions of plasma proteins, principles of hemopoiesis, regulation of erythropoiesis, destruction of red cells: Jaundice, anemia, regulation of WBC production, functions of WBC, functions of platelets, hemostasis, blood groups
• Physiological basis of transfusion medicine

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 03

• Lung volumes and capacities, mechanics of respiration, composition of respired air: Pulmonary ventilation, exchange of gases in the lungs, ventilation-perfusion ratio, O carriage, O-dissociation curve, CO carriage, CO-dissociation curve
• Neural regulation of respiration, chemical regulation of respiration, hypoxia, cyanosis and dyspnoea, special features of pulmonary circulation, artificial respiration Artificial respiration, therapeutic use of oxygen

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 04

• Introduction to CVS, properties of cardiac muscle, action potential and spread of impulse in the heart, E-C coupling in the myocardium, ECG, pressure changes in the heart, cardiac cycle, functional basis of heart sounds and murmurs
• Neural regulation of cardiac activity, regulation of heart rate, intrinsic regulation of heart’s action, cardiac output, cardiac output: Measurement and regulation, nutrition and metabolism of heart, exercise physiology, general principles of hemodynamics
• Cardiovascular reflexes, neural control of circulation, special features of cerebral circulation, special features of circulation in skeletal muscles and skin

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 05

• Introduction to G.I. physiology: General organization of G.I. tract, mastication and deglutition, gastric secretion, regulation of gastric secretion, pathophysiology of peptic ulcer, biliary and pancreatic secretions, physiology of colon
• Pathophysiology of diarrheal disease

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 06

• Introduction to nutrition, RMR carbohydrates and dietary fiber, proteins, fats, recommended dietary allowances, diet during pregnancy and lactation, diet during infancy and childhood

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 07

• Body temperature regulation, man in cold environment, man in hot environment, hypothermia and its clinical applications, physiological responses to high attitude, physiological responses to high atmospheric pressure

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 08

• Introduction to reproductive system, male reproductive physiology, female reproductive physiology, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, puberty, pregnancy, parturition and lactation, reproductive ageing

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 09

• Renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration, renal tubular function, regulation of renal function, physiological basis of renal function tests, micturition

Medical science-Paper-I (Physiology): Unit 10

• General, sensory system, motor system, visceral and motivational system, EEG, sleep, and higher nervous functions, special senses

Medical science-Paper-I (Forensic medicine and toxicology): Unit 01

• Definition of forensic medicine, state medicine, legal medicine, and medical jurisprudence
• History of forensic medicine
• Criminal procedure code, criminal cases, civil cases, definition of inquest, different types of inquest procedures police inquest, magistrate’s inquest
• Cognizable and non cognizable offences, different types of courts in India and their powers-supreme court, high court, session court, magistrate’s court
• Court procedures: Summons, oath, affirmation, conduct money, types of witnesses, types of examination in court. Examination in chief, cross examination, re-examination, court questions
• Court procedures: Evidence-oral, documentary, medical evidence, medical certificate, dying declaration, dying deposition, conduct of a doctor in witness box and examination of dead body at the scene of crime
• Definition of death, types of death-somatic/ clinical/ cellular, molecular, and brain death including cortical death and brainstem death, natural and unnatural death, suspended animation moment of death, modes of death-coma, syncope and asphyxia
• Presumption of death and survivorship and sudden death
• Description of signs of death
• Post-mortem changes after death-cooling of dead body, post-mortem lividity, rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, heat and cold stiffening, putrefaction, mummification, adipocere formation maceration and preservation of dead bodies
• Estimation of time since death on postmortem examination
• Examination of mutilated bodies or fragments, bundle of bones, and exhumation
• Definition of postmortem examination, different types of autopsies, aims, and objectives of postmortem examination, legal requirements to conduct postmortem examination, procedure to conduct medicolegal postmortem examination, obscure autopsy
• Examination of clothing, preservation of viscera on postmortem examination for chemical analysis and other medicolegal purposes, postmortem artefacts
• Definition and classification of asphyxia, medico-legal interpretation of postmortem findings in asphyxial deaths
• Definition and types of hanging and strangulation
• Description of clinical findings, causes of death, postmortem findings and medico-legal aspects of death due to hanging and strangulation
• Examination and dispatch of ligature material
• Definition, pathophysiology, clinical features, postmortem findings and medicolegal aspects of traumatic asphyxia, obstruction of nose and mouth, suffocation, sexual asphyxia
• Definition, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, postmortem findings and medicolegal aspects of drowning, diatom test, Gettler test
• Clinical features, postmortem finding and medico legal aspects of injuries due to physical agents heat (heat-hyper-pyrexia, heat stroke, sun stroke, heat exhaustion (prostration), heat cramps (miner‘s cramp)
• Cold (hypothermia, frostbite, trench foot, immersion foot), lightening, electrocution, and radiations
• Clinical features, postmortem findings and medicolegal aspects of death due to starvation and neglect
• Types of injuries, clinical features, pathophysiology, postmortem findings and medicolegal aspects in cases of burns and scalds
• Definition of infanticide, foeticide, and stillbirth
• Signs of intrauterine death, signs of live birth, viability of foetus, age determination of foetus, demonstration of ossification centres, precipitate labour, Haase’s rule, hydrostatic test, maceration, sudden infants death syndrome
• Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy

Medical science-Paper-I (Forensic medicine and toxicology): Unit 02

• Establishment of identity of living persons-definition of corpus delicti, race, sex, religion, complexion, stature, age determination using morphology, teeth-eruption, decay, bite marks, bones ossification centres, medicolegal aspects of age
• Foetal age determination, identification of criminals, unknown persons, dead bodies from the remains-hairs, fibers, teeth, anthropometry, dactylography, foot prints, scars, tattoos, poroscopy and superim position
• Definition and classification of injuries, various types of injuries
• Abrasion, bruise, laceration, stab wound, incised wound, chop wound, defence wound, self inflicted/ fabricated wounds and their medicolegal aspects
• Description of regional injuries to head (scalp wounds, fracture skull, Intracranial haemorrhages, coup and contrecoup injuries), neck, chest, abdomen, limbs, genital organs, spinal cord and skeleton, vehicular injuries-primary and secondary impact
• Secondary injuries, crush syndrome, railway spine, reconstruction of scene of crime
• Definition of injuries
• IPC pertaining to injuries
• Accidental, suicidal, and homicidal injuries
• Types of injuries-simple, grievous and dangerous
• Different types of weapons, dangerous weapons, and their examination
• Antemortem and potmortem inuries, medicolegal aspects of injuries
• Factors influencing, infliction of injuries and healing, different legal questions, examination and certification of wounds, wound as a cause of death: Primary and secondary
• Dowry death
• Workman’s compensation act
• Firearm injuries
• Classification of fire-arms
• Structure and components of various firearms, description of ammunition propellant charge and mechanism of fire-arms, various terminology in relation of firearm-calibre, range, choking
• Description of different types of cartridges and bullets
• Description of wound ballistic, blast injuries, and their interpretation
• Preservation and despath of trace evidences in cases of firearm and blast injuries
• Various test related to confirmation of use of firearms
• Definition and types of sexual offences, definition of rape
• Section 376 IPC, examination of the victim of an alleged case of rape, examination of the accused of an alleged case of rape, preparation of report and framing the opinion in rape cases, preservation and despatch of trace evidences in cases of rape
• Adultery, unnatural sexual offences sodomy, examination of accused and victim, preparation of report and framing of opinion, preservation and despath of trace evidences in cases of sodomy, incest, lesbianism, buccal coitus, bestiality, indecent assault
• Sexual perversions
• Fetichism, transvestism, voyeurism, sadism necrophagia, masochism, exhibitionism, frotteurism, necrophillia
• Definitions of impotence, sterility, frigidity, sexual dysfunction, premature ejaculation, causes off orensic medicine and toxicology impotence and sterility in male and female, sterilization, artificial insemination, surrogate mother
• Delhi artificial insemination act 1995
• Definition of virginity and defloration, anatomy of male and female genitalia, hymen and its types, medicolegal importance of hymen, medicolegal importance of pregnancy, diagnosis of pregnancy, superfoetation, superfecundation
• Definition of legitimacy and its medicolegal importance, diputed paternity and maternity, medicolegal aspects of delivery, signs of delivery, signs of recent and remote delivery in living and dead
• Definition, classification and complication of abortion, MTP act 1971, methods of procuring criminal abortion, evidences of abortion-living and dead, duties of doctor in cases of abortion
• Battered baby syndrome

Medical science-Paper-I (Forensic medicine and toxicology): Unit 03

• Medical council of India, state medical councils-their functions and disciplinary control
• Laws in relation to medical practice, duties of medical practitioner towards the patients and society
• Indian medical register, rights priviliges of medical practitioner, penal erasure, infamous conduct, disciplinary committee, warning notice and euthanasia
• Code of medical ethics, unethical practices, dichotomy, consumer protection act, prenatal diagnostic techniques act, human organ transplantation act, ESI act, medicolegal issues in relation to family violence, violation of human rights, NHRC and doctors
• Doctors and media, ethics related to HIV patients
• Malpractice-civil, criminal, and ethical
• Consent, kinds of consent, informed consent, negligence, vicarious liability, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitor, contributory negligence, therapeutic privilige, rules of consent, malingering, therapeutic misadventure, corporate negligence
• Professional negligence, professional secrecy, human experimentation, IPC related to medical practice, products liability, medical indemnity insurance, medical records

Medical science-Paper-I (Forensic medicine and toxicology): Unit 04

• Definition, various types of mental disorder, lucid interval, classification of mental disorder, mental sub normality, diagnosis of insanity and feigned insanity, restraint, admission and discharge of insane in accordance to mental health act 1994
• Mental disorder and responsibility-civil and criminal responsibility, testamentary capacity, Mc Naughton‘s rule

Medical science-Paper-I (Forensic medicine and toxicology): Unit 05

• Definition of DNA fingerprinting, techniques of DNA fingerprinting, application of DNA profiling in forensic medicine, HLA typing
• Locard’s exchange principle, examination, preservation, despatch and identification of blood, seminal stains (physical, microscopic, chemical, and serological test, blood grouping) and its medicolegal aspects, saliva, vaginal fluid
• Faecal and urinary stain, examination of skin, nail tooth pulp and other body fluids group specific substances, hazards of blood transfusion

Medical science-Paper-I (Forensic medicine and toxicology): Unit 06

• General toxicology
• Clinical toxicology
• Environmental toxicology
• Analytical toxicology

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 01

• Natural history of microbial diseases
• Unique differentiating features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes
• Source and spread of microbes
• Rationale for classifying microbes into bacteria, fungi viruses, parasites

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 02

• The nature of bacteria, morphological differences, growth requirement, nomenclature and classification enumeration of bacteria responsible for certain primary diseases

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 03

• Microscopy: Types and principles, staining: Principles, media for growth/ bacterial colony, familiarization with materials used nomenclature and classification

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 04

• Various types of staining such as simple, differential staining; different procedures of staining and their principles, motility testing
• Common sugar fermentation and other biochemical tests such as catalase/ coagulase/ citrate utilization/ nitrate reduction/ urease/ PPA/ OF/ Indole, etc, sensitivity testing

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 05

• Biology of protozoa, protozoan parasites causing human infection, medically important helminths, ectoparasites

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 06

• The nature and properties of viruses, classification of viruses, morphology

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 07

• Brief appraisal of pathogenicity of viruses, culture methods, cytopathic effects, inclusion bodies, animal inoculation, serological test (CFT, HAI, neutralisation)

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 08

• Nature of fungi: Basic structures and classification, superficial mycoses, subcutaneous mycosis, systemic fungal infections with opportunistic mycosis

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 09

• KOH preparation with principles, lactophenal cotton blue preparation, negative staining and procedures, special staining and procedures, culture of fungi, serodiagnosis

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 10

• Collection of clinical samples, transport of various appropriate clinical samples
• Transport media, description of container with contents or no contents
• Preliminary processing of clinical samples

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 11

• Presence of normal flora, enumeration and explanation of various host-parasite interaction, mechanism of pathogenesis adhesion/ colonisation/ virulence and toxigenicity, host response, Koch’s postulates

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 12

• Structure and replication of bacterial DNA, plasmids, transfer of genetic materials microbiology, mutations, viral replication
• Interactions among viruses (recombination, genetic reactivation, complementation etc), epidemiology of viral infection, recombinant DNA technology

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 13

• Normal immune system, innate immunity, antigens-presentation and association in immunity, immunoglobulins and their role in immunity, cell mediated immunity and their role, hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency, tolerance

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 14

• Antigen-antibody reactions in infectious diseases and diagnostic tests based on these

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 15

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 16

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 17

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 18

• Bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi

Medical science-Paper-I (Microbiology): Unit 19

• Amoebiasis, entamoeba spp, naegleria spp, acanthamoeba spp, amoebiasis (micro, gastro, surg, paeds), other intestinal protozoal infections (micro, gastro, paeds)

Medical science-Paper-I (Pathology): Unit 01

• Cell Injury: (a) Cell injury-causes and mechanism: Ischemic, toxic, (b) reversible cell injury: Types, morphology: Swelling, vacuolation, hyaline, fatty change, (c) irreversible cell injury: Types of necrosis
• Amyloidosis and calcification: (a) Calcification-dystrophic and metastatic, (b) amyloidosis: Classification, pathogenesis, morphology
• Inflammation and repair: (a) Acute inflammation-features, causes, vascular, and cellular events, (b) morphologic variants of acute inflammation, (c) inflammatory cells and mediators, (d) chronic inflammation: Causes, types
• Inflammation and repair: (d) Chronic inflammation-nonspecific, and granulomatous with examples, (e) wound healing by primary and secondary union, factors promoting and delaying the process, (f) healing at specific sites including bone healing
• Circulatory disturbances: (a) Edema-pathogenesis and types, (b) chronic venous congestion: Pathogenesis and changes in lung, liver, spleen, (c) thrombosis and embolism: Formation, fate, and effects, (d) infarction: Types, common sites, gangrene
• Circulatory disturbances: (e) Shock: Pathogenesis, types, morphologic changes, (f) derangements of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
• Growth disturbances and neoplasia: (a) Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, metaplasia, malformation, agenesis, dysplasia, (b) neoplasia: Classification, histogenesis, biologic behaviour: Benign and malignant; carcinoma and sarcoma
• Growth disturbances and neoplasia: (c) Malignant neoplasia: Grades and stages, local and distant spread, (d) carcinogenesis: Environmental carcinogens, chemical, viral, occupational, heredity and cellular oncogenes
• Growth disturbances and neoplasia: (e) Tumour and host interactions: Systemic effects including paraneoplastic syndromes, tumor immunology, (f) laboratory diagnosis: Cytology, biopsy, tumor markers
• Immunopathology: (a) Immune system-organisation, cells, antibodies, and regulation of immune responses, (b) hypersensitivity: Types and examples, antibody and cell mediated tissue injury with examples. c) Primary immunodeficiency
• Immunopathology: (d) Secondary Immunodeficiency including HIV Infection pathology, (e) auto-immune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosis; organ specific and non-organ specific such as polyarteritis nodosa, Hashimoto’s disease, (f) Tumor immunity
• Immunopathology: (g) Organ transplantation: Immunologic basis of rejection and graft versus host reaction
• Infectious diseases: (a) Mycobacterial diseases-tuberculosis and leprosy, (b) bacterial diseases: Pyogenic, typhoid, diphtheria, gram negative infection, bacillary dysentery, syphilis, (c) viral: Polio, herpes, rabies, measles; rickettsial
• Infectious diseases: (c) Viral-chlamydial infection, (d) fungal diseases and opportunistic infections, (e) parasitic diseases: Malaria, filaria, amebiasis, kala-azar, cysticercosis, hydatid, (f) AIDS: Aetiology, modes of transmission
• Infectious diseases: (f) AIDS-diagnostic procedures and handling of infected material and health education
• Miscellaneous disorders: (a) Autosomal and sex-linked disorders with examples, (b) metabolic disorders, (c) protein energy malnutrition and vitamin deficiency disorders, (d) radiation injury
• Miscellaneous disorders: (e) Disorders of pigment and mineral metabolism such as bilirubine, melanin, hemosiderin

Medical science-Paper-I (Pathology): Unit 02

• Cardiovascular pathology: (a) Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease-pathogenesis, morphology and effects, (b) infective Endocarditis: Causes, pathogenesis, and morphology, (c) atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease; myocardial infarction
• Cardiovascular pathology: (d) Diseases of blood vessels other than atherosclerosis, (e) hypertension and hypertensive heart disease, (f) congenital heart disease: ASD, VSD, Fallot’s bicuspid aortic valve, PDA
• Cardiovascular pathology: (g) pericarditis and other pericardial diseases, (h) Cardiomyopathy
• Respiratory pathology: (a) Structure of bronchial tree and alveolar walls, normal and altered lung function; concept of obstructive and restrictive lung disorders, (b) inflammatory diseases of bronchi: Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis
• Respiratory pathology: (b) Inflammatory diseases of bronchi-chronic obstructive lung disease, (c) pneumonias: Lobar, broncho, interstitial, (d) pulmonary suppuration including lung abscess: Etiopathogenesis and morphology
• Respiratory pathology: (e) Pulmonary tuberculosis-primary and secondary, morphologic types including pleuritis, (f) emphysema: Types, pathogenesis, (g) atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease, (h) tumors: Benign; carcinoid, malignant; squamous cell
• Respiratory pathology: (h) Tumors-oat cell, adeno, etiopathogenesis, (i) occupational lung disorders: Anthracosis, silicosis, asbestosis, mesothelioma
• Urinary tract pathology: (a) Renal structure, basis of impaired function, urine analysis, (b) glomerulonephritis: Classification, primary proliferative, and non proliferative, (c) secondary glomerulonephritis: SLE, purpura, polyarteritis, amyloidosis
• Urinary tract pathology: (c) Secondary glomerulonephritis-diabetes, d) nephrotic syndrome, (e) acute renal failure: Acute tubular and cortical necrosis, (f) progressive renal failure and end stage renal disease, (g) pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy
• Urinary tract pathology: (g) Interstitial nephritis, (h) renal tumors: Renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, (i) renal vascular disorders, kidney changes in hypertension, (j) urinary bladder: Cystitis, carcinoma, (k) urinary tract tuberculosis
• Urinary tract pathology: (l) Urolithiasis and obstructive uropathy, (m) renal malformations: Polycystic kidneys
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: (a) Oral pathology-leukoplakia; carcinoma oral cavity and esophagus, (b) salivary gland tumors: Mixed, adenoid cystic, Warthin’s, (c) peptic ulcer: Etiopathogenesis and complications; gastritis: Types
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: (d) Tumors of stomach-benign; polyp, leiomyoma, malignant; adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, (e) inflammatory diseases of small intestine: Typhoid, tuberculosis, crohn’s, appendictis
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: (f) Inflammatory diseases of appendix and large intestine: Amoebic colitis, bacillary dysentery, ulcerative colitis, (g) ischemic and pseudomembranous enterocolitis, diverticulosis
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: (h) Malabsorption-Celiac disease, trophical sprue and other causes, (i) tumours and tumor like condition of the large and small intestine: Polyps, carcinoid, carcinoma, lymphoma, (j) pancreatitis
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: (k) Pancreatic tumors-endocrine, exocrine, and periampullary
• Hematopathology: (a) Constituents of blood and bone marrow, regulation of hematopoiesis, (b) anaemia: Classification and clinical features; clinical and lab. Approach to diagnosis pathology, (c) nutritional anaemias: Iron deficiency anemia
• Hematopathology: (c) Nutritional anaemias-folic acid/ Vit B-12 deficiency anaemia including pernicious anaemia, (d) hemolytic anaemias: Classification and investigation, (e) hereditary hemolytic anaemias: Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia
• Hematopathology: (f) Hereditary hemolytic anaemias-hereditary spherocytosis, G-6-PD deficiency, (g) acquired hemolytic anaemias, (h) hemolytic anaemias: Autoimmune, alloimmune, drug induced microangiopathic and malaria
• Hematopathology: (i) Aplastic anaemia, PNH, and myelodysplastic syndrome, (j) hemostatic disorders: Platelet deficiency; ITP, drug induced, secondary, (k) coagulopathies: Coagulation factor deficiency; hemophilia, DIC and anticoagulant control
• Hematopathology: (l) Leukocytic disorders: Leukocytosis, leukopenia, leukemoid reaction, (m) acute and chronic leukemia: Classification, diagnosis, (n) myeloproliferative disorders: Polycythemia, myelofibrosis, (o) multiple myeloma and dysproteinemias
• Hematopathology: (p) Blood transfusion-grouping and cross matching, untoward reactions, transmissible infections including HIV and hepatitis
• Liver and biliary tract pathology: (a) Jaundice: Types, pathogenesis and differentiation, (b) hepatitis: Acute and chronic, etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology, (c) cirrhosis: Etiology, postnecrotic, alcoholic, metabolic, pathology’
• Liver and biliary tract pathology: (c) Cirrhosis-morphology (macronodular, micronodular, mixed) complications, (d) portal hypertension: Types including non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and manifestations
• Liver and biliary tract pathology: (e) Tumors of liver-hepatocellular and metastatic carcinoma, tumor markers, (f) concept of hepatocellular failure, (g) diseases of the gall bladder: Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, carcinoma
• Lymphoreticular system: (a) Lymphadenitis-nonspecific, granulomatous, (b) Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: Classification, morphology, (c) diseases of the spleen: Splenomegaly causes and effects, (d) thymus: Dysgenesis, atrophy, hyperplasia
• Lymphoreticular system: (d) Thymus-neoplasia
• Reproductive system: (a) Diseases of cervix-cervicitis, cervical carcinoma, etiology, types, and cytologic diagnosis, (b) hormonal influences and histological appearances of different phases of menstrual cycle and the abnormalities associated with it
• Reproductive system: (c) Diseases of uterus-endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, and carcinoma, adenomyosis, smooth muscle tumors, (d) trophoblastic disease: Hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, (e) diseases of the breast: Mastitis, abscess
• Reproductive system: (e) Diseases of the breast-fibrocystic disease, neoplastic lesions: Fibroadenoma, carcinoma, phyllodes tumor, (f) prostate: Nodular hyperplasia, and carcinoma, (g) ovarian and testicular tumors, (h) carcinoma of penis
• Reproductive system: (i) Pelvic inflammatory diseases including salpingitis, (j) genital tuberculosis
• Osteopathology: (a) Bone-general considerations, reactions to injury and healing of fractures, (b) Osteomyelitis: Acute, chronic, tuberculous, mycetoma, (c) metabolic diseases: Rickets/ osteomalacia, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidisism
• Osteopathology: (d) Tumors-primary, osteosarcoma, osteoclastoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, chondrosarcoma; metastatic, (e) arthritis: Rheumatoid, osteo, and tuberculous
• Endocrine pathology: (a) Scope of endocrine control and investigations, (b) diabetes mellitus: Types, pathogenesis, pathology, (c) nonneoplastic lesions of thyroid: Lodine deficiency goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, myxedema
• Endocrine pathology: (d) Tumors of thyroid-adenoma, carcinoma: Papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic, (e) adrenal diseases: Cortical hyperplasia, atrophy, tuberculosis, tumors of cortex, and medulla
• Endocrine pathology: (f) Parathyroid hyperplasia and tumors and hyperparathyroidism, (g) pituitary tumors, (h) multiple endocrine neoplasia
• Neuropathology: (a) Structural organization, specific cell types, and reaction patterns, (b) inflammatory disorders: Pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis, brain abscess, tuberculoma
• Neuropathology: (c) CNS tumors-primary: Glioma and meningioma (excluding histopathology) and metastatic, (d) CSF and its disturbances: Cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure, (e) cerebrovascular diseases: Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism
• Neuropathology: (e) Cerebrovascular diseases-aneurysm, hypoxia, infarction, and hemorrhage, (f) peripheral neuropathies and demyelnating disorders, (g) diseases of muscles, (h) traumatic lesions of CNS

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 01

• Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs, routes of drug administration, basic principles of drug action, adverse reactions to drugs, factors modifying drug response

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 02

• Neurohumoral transmission, sympathetic nervous system-sympathomimetics, sympatholytics, parasympathetic-cholinergics, anticholinergics, ganglion stimulants, and blockers, skeletal muscle relaxants, local anaesthetics

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 03

• General principles-neurotransmitters, definition, and common transmitters, drug therapy of various CNS disorders like epilepsy, depression, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, neuro degeneration etc, pharmacotherapy of pain, general anaethetics
• Drugs for arthritides and gout

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 04

• Histamine and antihistaminics, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and PAF, substance P, bradykinin

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 05

• Drug therapy of hypertension, shock, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, renin angiotensin system, diuretics, coagulants and anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, hypolipidemics

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 06

• Emetics and antiemetics, drugs for constipation and diarrhoea, drug treatment of peptic ulcer, drug therapy of bronchial asthma, pharmacotherapy of cough

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 07

• Reproductive hormones-testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, contraceptives, drug therapy of diabetes, thyroid hormones pharmacology, pituitary-hypothalamic axis, corticosteroids, oxytocin and drugs acting on uterus, Drugs affecting calcium balance

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 08

• General principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy, rational use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents-penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, aminoglycoside, tetracyclines, chloramphericol and polypeptide antibiotics, etc
• Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, UTI, chemotherapy of parasitic infection, chemotherapy of fungal infections, cancer chemotherapy

Medical science-Paper-I (Pharmacology): Unit 09

• Immunomodulators, drug therapy of glaucoma and cataract, treatment of poisoning

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 01

• Culture, society, and health: Role of family in health and disease, health, illness behaviour, social organization and community participation, measurement of socioeconomic status and its importance in relation to health and disease
• Culture, society, and health: Questionnaire/ interview schedule designing, practical: Construction and pre-testing of questionnaire/ interview schedule, attitudes: Nature, development, methods to change, measurement of attitudes
• Culture, society, and health: Questionnaire design to test attitudes

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 02

• Definition and principles of health education, health educational methods, audiovisual aids, the art of communication, skills of communication, methods of overcoming resistance in the individual, family, and community
• Planning a health educational programme, use of other aids in health education, evaluation of health educational activities, information education communication strategies

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 03

• Environment: Housing, physical environment inside and outside the home, family environment, water, waste, air pollution, green house effect, ozone layer, noise and radiation pollution, vectors of disease, vector control and insecticidal resistance

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 04

• Need of biostatistics in medicine, statistical methods, frequency distribution, measures of central tendency
• Proportions, tabular and diagrammatic presentation of data probability, normal distribution, standard error estimation, tests of significance, alpha, beta error, confidence interval, bias/ random errors, sample size calculation, sampling methods

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 05

• Definitions, scope in hospital, community, planning, measures of morbidity/ mortality, rates: Incidence, prevalence-death rate, crude rates/ standardized rates, fertility rates years, person years, ratio-proportions, risk, sources of epidemiological data
• Rates: Incidence, prevalence-causation, natural history of disease for communicable and non-communicable diseases, levels of disease prevention, clinico-psycho-social case review, principles of control of communicable disease
• Rates: Incidence, prevalence-principles of control of non-communicable disease, measurement, screening tests, diagnostic tests
• Rates: Incidence, prevalence-cross sectional and case studies, longitudinal study, case control study, randomized control trials

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 06

• Role of nutrition in health and disease, nutritional requirements and sources, balanced diet, deficiency disorders and micronutrient deficiencies, salt fortification, protein energy malnutrition, nutritional problems in India, nutritional programmes
• Assessment of nutritional status in community; growth charts

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 07

• Magnitude of the problem, maternal morbidity and mortality, under five morbidity mortality
• Breast feeding/ weaning, high risk mothers and children, family planning methods: Spacing and terminal methods and emergency contraception

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 08

• Need for rehabilitation
• Types of rehabilitation
• Types of impairment, disability, handicap, assessment of postpolio residual paralysis, rehabilitation at individual level, community based rehabilitation

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 09

• Malaria, STDs/ HIV/ AIDS, pulmonary tuberculosis, leprosy, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, and rubella, chicken, ARI, diarrhoeal diseases, infective hepatitis, Kala azar, Arbo viral diseases, filaria, plague
• Intestinal infestations, investigation of an epidemic, immunity, immunization schedule, cold chain, immunization for international travel, surveillance for diseases, nutritional disorders, RHD/ CHD/ hypertension, cancers, blindness, road traffic accidents
• Diabetes mellitus, obesity community medicine

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 10

• Health programmes on: RCH (including ARI, diarrhoeal diseases), immunization, family welfare, iodine deficiency, nutrition, ICDS, tuberculosis, malaria, filaria, Kala azar, evaluation of a health programme, HIV/ AIDS and STDs, leprosy
• Health programmes on: RHD/ CHD/ hypertension, diabetes, blindness, cancer

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 11

• Working environment, health hazards of industrial and agricultural workers, common occupational lung diseases, common occupational skin diseases and cancers, industrial toxic substances, principles of prevention of occupational diseases
• Legal status in relation to workman compensation act, employees’ state insurance act

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 12

• Planning and organizational set up of health services in India, primary health care, health team at district hospital, community health primary health centre, school health, management of health resources
• Voluntary and international agencies in health care, natural and manmade disasters and disaster management

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 13

• Need of health economics, methods of economic analyses in health community medicine

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 14

• Problems of the elderly, social organizations to assist the elderly

Medical science-Paper-II (Community medicine): Unit 15

• The students will observe counseling being done in the various situations

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 01

• Pyoderma, tuberculosis and leishmaniasis-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment
• Viral and fungal infections-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 02

• Scabies and pediculosis-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 03

• Disorders of pigmentation (vitiligo, chloasma/ melasma)-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 04

• Atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 05

• Urticaria, erythema multiforme, Steven’s Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 06

• Pemphigus, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 07

• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 08

• Classification and clinical features of leprosy, reactions in leprosy

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 09

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 10

• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 11

• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 12

• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 13

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 14

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 15

• Ichthyosis, albimism, epidermolysis bullosa, melanocytic naevi, freckles and other naevi-etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Medical science-Paper-II (Dermatology and venereology): Unit 16

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 01

• Common types, clinical presentation, investigation, and prevention of genetic diseases and genetic counseling

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 02

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 03

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 04

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 05

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 06

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 07

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 08

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 09

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 10

• Shock

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 11

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 12

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 13

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 14

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 15

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 16

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 17

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 18

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 19

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 20

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 21

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 22

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 23

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 24

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 25

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 26

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 27

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 28

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 29

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 30

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 31

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 32

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 33

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 34

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 35

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 36

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 37

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 38

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 39

• Alcohol, drugs

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 40

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 41

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 42

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 43

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 44

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 45

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 46

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 47

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 48

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 49

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 50

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 51

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 52

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 53

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 54

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 55

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 56

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 57

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 58

• Scorpion, spider

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 59

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 60

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 61

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 62

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 63

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 64

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 65

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 66

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 67

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 68

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 69

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 70

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 71

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 72

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 73

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 74

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 75

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 76

• Overview and clinical approach

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 77

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 78

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 79

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 80

Medical science-Paper-II (Medicine and allied specialities): Unit 81

• Protozoal infections, amobiasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, trypanosomiasis, bacterial infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections, staphylococcal infections, meningococcal infections
• Gonococcal infections, legionella infections, pertussis and diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, other clostridial infections, cholera, salmonellosis-typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, shigellosis and bacillary dysentery, brucellosis, plague
• Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale), helicobacter pylori, infections due to pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic infections, mycobacterial diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy, viral infections, common exanthema, measles, mumps
• Common exanthema-rubella-varicella, common viral respiratory infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral gastroenteritis, dengue fever, rabies, rickettsia, mycoplasma and chlamydial diseases, fungal infections, candidiasis, aspergillosis
• Histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, pneumocystis carinii, helminthic infections, nematodes-tissue, intestinal, cestodes-tissue, intestinal

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 01

• Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system, functional anatomy, physiology, and investigations, major manifestations of cardiovascular disease, chest pain, breathlessness, palpitation, acute circulatory failure (cardiogenic shock), heart failure
• Hypertension, presyncope and syncope, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death, abnormal heart sounds and murmurs, atrial fibrillation, disorders of heart rate, rhythm, and conduction, congestive cardiac failure, rheumatic fever, valvular heart disease
• Ischaemic heart disease, congenital heart disease in the adult, cor pulmonale, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerosis, pericardial disease, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 02

• Clinical examination of the respiratory system, functional anatomy, physiology, and investigations, major manifestations of lung disease, cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, haemoptysis, the solitary radiographic pulmonary lesion, respiratory failure
• Upper and lower respiratory infections, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, suppurative lung diseases, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, plural effusion and empyema, interstitial and infiltrative lung diseases
• Occupational lung diseases, tumors of the bronchus and lung, pulmonary vascular diseases, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary thromboembolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, obstructive sleep apnoea, diseases of the nasopharynx, larynx and trachea
• Diseases of the mediastinum, diaphragm and chest wall

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 03

• Clinical examination of the kidney and genitourinary system, functional anatomy, physiology, and investigations, major manifestations of renal and urinary tract disease, dysuria, pyuria, urethral symptoms, disorders of urine volume, hamaturia, proteinuria
• Oedema, obstruction of the urinary tract, incontinence, acute and chronic renal failure, infections of the kidney and urinary tract, congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary system, glomerulonephritides, tubulointerstitial diseases
• Renal involvement in systemic disorders, drugs and the kidney, renal vascular diseases, urinary tract calculi and nephrocalcinosis, tumors of the kidney and genitourinary tract, renal replacement therapy

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 04

• Clinical examination of the abdomen, functional anatomy, physiology, and investigations particularly role of imaging, endoscopy and tests of function, major manifestations of gastrointestinal disease, abdominal pain (acute and chronic), dysphagia
• Dyspepsia, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal lump, weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding-upper and lower, approach to the patient with gastrointestinal disease, diseases of the mouth and salivary glands-oral ulcers, candidiasis, parotitis
• Diseases of the oesophagus-gerd, other motility disorders, oesophagitis, carcinoma oesophagus, diseases of the stomach and duodenum-gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, tumors of stomach, diseases of the small intestine
• Acute gastroenteritis and food poisoning, intestinal tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndrome, tumors of small intestine, acute, sub-acute and chronic intestinal obstruction, disorders of the colon and rectum, bacillary dysentery
• Amoebic colitis, ulcerative colitis, tumors of the colon and rectum, irritable bowel disease, abdominal tuberculosis, peritoneal, nodal, gastrointestinal, ischaemic gut injury, anorectal disorders, diseases of the peritoneal cavity
• Acute and chronic peritonitis, ascites, peritoneal carcinomatotis

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 05

• Acute and chronic pancreatitis, tumors of pancreas

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 06

• Clinical examination of the abdomen for liver and biliary disease, functional anatomy, physiology, and investigations of hepatobiliary disease, major manifestations of liver disease, ‘asymptomatic’ abnormal liver function tests, jaundice
• Acute (fulminant) hepatic failure, portal hypertension and ascites, hepatic (portosystemic) encephalopathy, hepatorenal failure, liver abscess-amoebic and pyogenic, viral hepatitis-acute and chronic, alcoholic liver disease
• Cirrhosis of liver and chronic liver disease, drugs, toxins, and liver, fatty liver and non alcoholic steatohepatitis, infiltrative diseases of liver, Wilson’s disease, hemachromatosis, tumors of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract diseases
• Functional anatomy, acute and chronic ‘cholecystitis’, cholelithiasis, tumors of gall bladder and bile ducts

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 07

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 08

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 09

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 10

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 11

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 12

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 13

• Clinical examination in blood disorders, functional anatomy, physiology, and investigations, major manifestations of hematological diseases, anaemia, polycythemia, leucopenia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy
• Splenomegaly, bleeding, venous thrombosis, abnormal coagulation screen, infections, anemias, myeloproliferative disorders, haematological malignancies, bleeding disorders, disorders of coagulation and venous thrombosis, blood products and transfusion
• Bone marrow transplantation

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 14

• Introduction to the immune system and autoimmunity, primary immune deficiency diseases, HIV, AIDS and related disorders, major manifestations of musculoskeletal disease, joint pains, bone pain, muscle pain and weakness, regional periarticular pain
• Back and neck pain, approach to articular and musculoskeletal disorders, inflammatory joint disease, infectious arthritis, inflammatory muscle disease, osteoarthritis, systemic connective tissue diseases-SLE, RA, PSS, vasculitides
• Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, musculoskeletal manifestations of disease in other systems, fibromyalgia, diseases of bone

Medical science-Paper-II (System-based diseases): Unit 15

• Clinical examination of nervous system, functional anatomy, physiology and investigations, major manifestations of nervous system disease, headache and facial pain, raised intracranial tension, faintness, dizziness, syncope and vertigo, sleep disorders
• Disorders of movement, ataxia, sensory disturbances (numbness, tingling, and sensory loss), acute confusional states, coma and brain death, aphasias, and other focal cerebral disorders, speech, swallowing, and brain-stem disturbance, visual disturbances
• Sphincter disturbances, migraine and cluster headaches, seizures and epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, dementias, acute and chronic meningitis, viral encephalitis, diseases of cranial nerves, intracranial tumours, diseases of spinal cord
• Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases, Parkinson’s disease and other extrapyramidal disorders, cerebellar disorders, motor neuron disease, peripheral neuropathy, neurological manifestations of system diseases
• Nutritional and metabolic diseases of the nervous system, myasthenia gravis and other diseases of neuromuscular junction, diseases of muscle

Medical science-Paper-II (Obstetrics and gynaecology): Unit 01

• Normal and abnormal development, structure and function of female and male urogenital systems and the female breast
• Applied anatomy of the genitourinary system, abdomen, pelvis, pelvic floor, anterior abdominal wall, upper thigh (inguinal ligament, inguinal canal, vulva, rectum, and anal canal)
• Physiology of permatogenesis
• Endocrinology related to male and female reproduction
• Anatomy and physiology of urinary and lower GI (Rectum/ anal canal), tract
• Development, structure and function of placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid
• Anatomical and physiological changes in female genital tract during pregnancy fistulae
• Anatomy of fetus, fetal growth and development, fetal physiology and fetal circulation
• Physiological and neuro-endocrinal changes during puberty disorders, adolescence, menstruation, ovulation, fertilization, climacteric and menopause
• Gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, and early development of embryo
• Normal pregnancy, physiological changes during pregnancy, labour and puerperium
• Immunology of pregnancy
• Lactation
• Biochemical and endocrine changes during pregnancy, including systemic changes in cardiovascular, hematological, renal, hepatic, and other systems (anaemia)
• Biophysical and biochemical changes in uterus and cervix during pregnancy and labour
• Pharmacology of identified drugs used during pregnancy, labour, post partum period with reference to their mechanism of action, absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism, transfer of the drugs across the placenta
• Effect of the drugs on the fetus, their excretion through breast milk
• Mechanism of action, excretion, metabolism of identified drugs used in gynaecology, including chemotherapeutic drugs
• Role of hormones in obstetrics and gynaecology
• Markers in obstetric and gynaecology-non neoplastic and neoplastic diseases
• Pathophysiology of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitalia in healthy and diseased conditions
• Normal and abnormal pathology of placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and fetus
• Normal and abnormal microbiology of the genital tract-bacterial, viral and parasitic infections responsible for maternal, fetal, and gynaecological disorders
• Humoral and cellular immunology in obstetrics and gynaecology

Medical science-Paper-II (Obstetrics and gynaecology): Unit 02

• Physiology of normal pregnancy, diagnosis of pregnancy, routine antenatal care, management of common symptoms in pregnancy, investigations to be carried out in pregnancy; drugs prescription during pregnancy and lactation
• Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, anaemia in pregnancy: Heart disease in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage obstetrics and gynaecology, intrauterine growth restriction ((IUGR), antenatal fetal surveillance, rhesus negative pregnancy
• Disorders of liver, kidneys in pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, puerperium, and its complications, perinatal and maternal mortality in India

Medical science-Paper-II (Obstetrics and gynaecology): Unit 03

• Anatomy of fetal genital tract, and its variations, supports of uterus, developmental anomalies of uterus
• Ectopic pregnancy; epidemiology, early diagnosis, and management
• Physiology of menstruation, common menstrual problem
• Disorders of growth, amenorrhoeas, fibroid uterus, prolapse uterus, vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, precancerous lesions of female genital tract (cervix, vagina, vulva)
• Carcinoma cervix, epidemiology, staging diagnostic procedure, treatment
• Carcinoma endometrium, carcinoma ovary, carcinoma vulva, gestational trophoblastic disease, temporary and permanent methods of contraception, menopause and related problems, endometriosis, genital tract fistulae, adolescence, pubertal changes
• Disorders of puberty

Medical science-Paper-II (Obstetrics and gynaecology): Unit 04

• Contraception (male and female), medical terminal of pregnancy: Safe abortion-selection of cases, technique and management of complication of medical and surgical procedures, MTP law medical abortion and emergency contraception
• Care of new born, neonatal resuscitation, detection of neonatal malformation
• Neonatal sepsis-prevention, detection, and management
• Neonatal hyper-bilirubinemia-investigation and management including NICU care
• Management of common neonatal problems

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 01

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 02

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 03

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 04

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 05

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 06

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 07

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 08

• Clinical approach to a child with jaundice, vomiting, abdominal pain, upper and lower GI bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly
• Acute diarrheal disease-etiopathogenesis, clinical differentiation of watery and invasive diarrhea, complications of diarrheal illness
• Assessment of dehydration, treatment at home and in hospital
• Fluid and electrolyte management
• Oral rehydration, composition of ORS
• Persistent and chronic diarrhea, clinical features and management of acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure, causes and diagnosis of chronic liver disease
• Neonatal cholestasis, portal hypertension, common causes of constipation
• Abdominal tuberculosis
• Causes, clinical features and management of portal hypertension, Reye’s syndrome, celiac disease
• Drug induced hepatitis

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 09

• Evaluation of milestones and developmental age
• Localization of neurological deficit
• Clinical approach to a child with coma, mental retardation
• Common causes and approach to convulsion
• Clinical diagnosis, investigations, and treatment of acute pyogenic meningitis, encephalitis and tubercular meningitis, cerebral malaria
• Seizure disorder-causes and types of convulsions at different ages
• Diagnosis categorization and management of epilepsy (broad outline)
• Febrile convulsions-definition, types management of seizures and status epilepticus
• Causes, diagnosis, and management of cerebral palsy
• Acute flaccid paralysis-differentiation between polio and guillain-barre syndrome
• Microcephaly, hydrocephalus, chorea
• Counseling parents for inherited neurological diseases
• Infantile tremor syndrome, infantile hemiplegia

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 10

• Clinical features, diagnosis, investigation, treatment and prevention of acute rheumatic fever
• Common forms of rheumatic heart disease in childhood
• Differentiation between rheumatic and rheumatoidarthritis
• Recognition of congenital acyanotic and cyanotic heart disease
• Hemodynamics, clinical features and management of VSD, PDA, ASD, and fallot’s tetralogy (cyanotic spells)
• Recognition of congestive cardiac failure in children
• Hypertension in children-recognition and referral
• Diagnosis and management of bacterial endocarditis, pericardial effusion, myocarditis

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 11

• Basic etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and management of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome
• Etiology, clinical feature, diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection-acute and recurrent
• Etiology, diagnosis and principles of management of acute failure
• Causes and diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in children
• Diagnosis and principles of management of chronic renal failure
• Causes and diagnosis of hematuria
• Renal and bladder stones
• Hemolyticuremic syndrome

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 12

• Etiology clinical features and diagnosis of diabetes and hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and goiter in children
• Delayed and precocious puberty

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 13

• Definition-live birth, neonatal period, classification according to weight and gestation, mortalit rates
• Delivery room management including neonatal resuscitation and temperature control
• Etiology, clinical features, principles of management and prevention of birth asphyxia
• Birth injuries-causes and their recognition
• Care of the normal newborn in the first week of life
• Normal variations and clinical signs in the neonate
• Breast feeding-physiology and its clinical management
• Identification of congenital anomalies at birth with special reference to anorectal anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, diaphragmatic hernias, neural tube defects
• Neonatal Jaundice: Causes, diagnosis, and principles of management
• Neonatal infection-etiology, diagnosis, principles of management
• Superficial infections, sepsis
• Low birth weight babies-causes of prematurity and small-for-date baby, clinical features and differentiation
• Principles of feeding and temperature regulation
• Problems of low birth weight babies
• Identification of sick newborn that is detection of abnormal signs-cyanosis, jaundice, respiratory distress, bleeding, seizures, refusal to feed, abdominal distension, failure to pass meconium and urine
• Recognition and management of specific neonatal problemshypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, anemia, seizures, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, common intra-uterine infections
• Transportation of a sick neonate

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 14

• Status epilepticus, status asthmaticus/ acute severe asthma, shock and anaphylaxis
• Burns, hypertensive emergencies
• Gastrointestinal bleed
• Comatose child, congestive cardiac failure, acute renal failure

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 15

• Principles of fluid and electrolyte therapy in children, pathophysiology of acid-base imbalance and principle of management

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 16

• Principles of inheritance and diagnosis of genetic disorders, Down’s syndrome

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 17

• Breath holding spells, nocturnal enuresis, temper tantrums, pica

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 18

• Diagnosis and timing of surgery of cleft lip/ palate, hypospadias, undescended testis, tracheoesophageal fistula, hydrocephalus, CTEV, Umbilical and inguinal hernia, malformations, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Medical science-Paper-II (Pediatrics): Unit 19

• Pediatric doses, drug combinations, drug interactions, age specific choice of antibiotics

Medical science-Paper-II (Surgery and allied specialities): Unit 01

• Skin: Ulcers and wounds, wound infections, burns, skin infections (boils, carbuncle, abcess), cysts (epidermoid cyst, dermoid), skin tumors (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma)
• Head and neck region: Congenital anomalies (cleft lip, cleft palate, branchial cyst, and fistula, thyroglossal cyst) swellings of parotid and submandibular glands, oral ulcers, leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, lichen planus, common jaw tumors
• Head and neck region: Squamous carcinoma of oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Thyroid swellings (adenomatous goitre, Graves’ disease, papillary and follicular thyroid cancer). Swellings of lymph nodes (tuberculosis, lymphoma, metastatic carcinoma)
• Arteries: Features of limb Ischaemia, noninvasive vascular diagnostic tests, obliterative atheromatous disease, aneurysms, Raynaud’s syndrome, arterial emboli
• Veins: Varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism
• Breast: Mastalgia, ANDI, fibroadenoma, cyst, breast abscess, cancer of the breast
• Oesophagus: Dysphagia, reflux, hiatus hernia, benign, and malignant tumours
• Stomach and duodenum: Peptic ulcer-stomach and duodenum, carcinoma of the stomach, gastritis
• Small intestine: Small bowel obstruction, intestinal tuberculosis
• Colon and rectum: Amoebic colitis, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer
• Appendix: Acute appendicitis
• Anus: Haemorrhoids, Pruritus ani, fissure-in-ano, anorectal abscesses, fistula-in-ano, cancer of the anus
• Peritoneum and intraperitoneal abscesses: Peritonitis
• Liver: Hepatic trauma, abscesses, cancer
• Biliary tract: Gall stone disease, carcinoma of the gallbladder
• Pancreas: Acute panacreatitis, pancreatic cancer
• Acute abdomen
• Hernias of the abdominal wall: Inguinal hernias, femoral hernia, umbilical and epigastric hernia
• Urology: Diagnostic studies and techniques in the urinary tract, trauma to the urinary tract, urinary calculi, urinary tract infection, prostatic hyperplasia, tumours of the kidney, epididymo-orchitis, hydrocele, tumours of the testicle
• Urology: Carcinoma of the penis

Medical science-Paper-II (Orthopaedics): Unit 01

• Definition, classification, principles of management, fracture healing, delayed union
• Classification and management of open fractures, management of fracture calvicle, dislocation shoulder and fracture shaft humerus, classificaton of injuries around elbow and management of supracondylar fracture and dislocation of elbow
• Monteggia fracture dislocation and fracture both bones of forearm, Volkamann’s ischaemic contracture, fracture of lower end of radius fracture scaphoid and metacarpals, fracture pelvis and dislocation of hip, fracture neck of femur
• Fracture shaft of femur and tibia, internal derangements of knee, injuries of ankle and foot, amputations

Medical science-Paper-II (Orthopaedics): Unit 02

• CTEV Torticollis
• CDH, pseudoarthrosis tibia etc

Medical science-Paper-II (Orthopaedics): Unit 03

• Coxa vara, perthes diseases, deformities of the spine, acute pyogenic ostyeomyelitis, chronic pyogenic osteomyelities, septic arthritis, other arthritides (rheumatoid/ ank spond)

Medical science-Paper-II (Orthopaedics): Unit 04

• General consideration and principles of management

Medical science-Paper-II (Orthopaedics): Unit 05

• Spine, poliomyelitis

Medical science-Paper-II (Orthopaedics): Unit 06

• Benign tumors
• Malignant tumors

Medical science-Paper-II (Otorhinolaryngology): Unit 01

• Deviated nasal septus, nasal polypi, angiofibroma
• Tumours both benign and malignant, chronic granulomatous disease? nose like rhinospondiosis and atrophic rhinitis

Medical science-Paper-II (Otorhinolaryngology): Unit 02

• Tonsillitis, leukoplakia, carcinoma apthocu ulcers, pharyngitis, peritonsilla abscess, candidiasis

Medical science-Paper-II (Otorhinolaryngology): Unit 03

• Perichondritis, coax, otitis externa, secretary, otitis media, acute suppuratin otitis media, chronic supputatin otitis media (safe and unsafe), benign and malignant tumors of ear, larynx, vocal cord nodule, vocal polyp, carcinoma, vocal cord palsy

Medical science-Paper-II (Otorhinolaryngology): Unit 04

• Benign and malignant disease

Medical science-Paper-II (Otorhinolaryngology): Unit 05

• Lymphadenitis, metastatic neck benign and malignant tumors of neck, broncheal sinus, branchially pyroid tumors, salvary gland tumors

Medical science-Paper-II (Otorhinolaryngology): Unit 06

• Respiratory obstruction foreign bodies in nose, ear, throat, trachobroncheal tree and esophagus nasal bleeding, trauma to neck

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 01

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 02

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 03

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 04

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 05

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 06

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 07

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 08

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 09

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 10

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 11

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 12

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 13

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 14

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 15

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 16

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 17

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 18

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 19

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 20

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 21

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 22

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 23

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 24

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 25

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 26

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 27

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 28

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 29

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 30

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 31

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 32

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 33

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 34

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 35

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 36

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 37

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 38

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 39

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 40

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 41

Medical science-Paper-II (Ophthalmology): Unit 42

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 01

• Theory of knowledge

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 02

• Theory of reality, Saptabhanginaya bondage and liberation

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 03

• Pratitysam tpda, Ksanikavda, Nairtmyavda

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 04

• Prakrit, Purusa, theory of causation, liberation

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 05

• Theory of Pr_x0003_m_x0003_na, Self, liberation, God and proofs for God's existence, categories, theory of causation

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 06

• Theory of knowledge

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Indian philosophy: Unit 07

• Schools of Vedanta, Sankara, R_x0003_am_x0003_anunja, (Brahman, Isvara, Atman, Jiva, Jagat, Maya, Avida, Adhyasa, Moksa)

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Western philosophy: Unit 01

• Theory of ideas

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Western philosophy: Unit 02

• Form, matter, and causation

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Western philosophy: Unit 03

• Cartesian method and certain knowledge, God, mind-body dualism

Philosophy-Paper-I (Problems of Philosophy)-Western philosophy: Unit 04

• Substance