NTA UGC NET 2021 - Exam Dates, Notification, Eligibility, Syllabus, Result

Introduction
Aim
Scope
Historical development
Relationship with other sciences
Different branches of anthropology and their interrelatedness
Recent and emerging trends and major developments in all branches of anthropology (physical,archaeological and socio-cultural)
Fieldwork
Ethnography
Comparative method
Observation
Interview
Case study
Genealogical method
Schedules and questionnaires
Statistical tools of archaeological sites and data collection

Evolution
Theories of evolution
Lamarckism
Neo-lamarckism
Darwinism
Neo-darwinism
Synthetic theory
Primates and fossils
Fossil records
Earliest primates and living primates
Comparison of morphological and anatomical features of man and ape erect posture and bipedalism
Theories of evolution -physical and social
Cultural processes and principles of evolution
Convergence
Divergence parallelism
Adaptive radiation
Speciation
Irreversibility
Theories of evolution -lamarckism and neo-lamarckism
Darwinism and neo-darwinism
National selection in man
Evolution and diffusion of culture
Theories of socio-cultural evolution -unilinear,multilinear,universal,neo-evolution
Bipedalism versus tool making
Biface technology and big game hunting
Development of language
Human colonization during late pleistocene
Emergence of early farming and village communities
Process of urbanisation
Methodological tools and techniques in physical, archaeological and social-cultural anthropology

Fossils
Characteristics and phylogenetic position of early hominoids
Ramapithecus
Australopithecus africanus
Australopithecus boisei
Australopithecus robustus
Meganthropus
Homo habilis
Characteristics and phylogenetic position of homo erectus
Homo erectus javanensis
Homo erectus pekinensis
Homo sapiens neanderthalenis phylogenetic position
Salient features and distribution
La chapelle auxsaints
Rhodesian man
Classic and conservative
Progressive -steinheim
Ehringsdorf
Mount carmel
Evidence,distribution and characteristics of homo sapiens
Cro-magnon
Grimaldi
Predmost
Combe cappelle
Brunn
Chancelade
Offnet

Human genetics
History and development
Scope and branches
Call structure and division
Mendel's laws
Patterns of inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
Codominance
Sex linked
Sex limited and sex controlled
Multiple alleles
Linkage and crossing-over
Lethal genes
Methods of studying inheritance
Twins
Sib-pair
Pedigree
Role of heredity and environment -stature
Skin colour
Intelligence
Genetics of blood groups
Abo system
Two-factor hypothesis
Rh system
Living human populations and human diversity
Concept of race
Criteria for racial classifications
Skin
Hair and eye colour
Stature
Eyes, lips and ears
Face and lower jaw
Blood groups
Dermatoglyphics
Distribution and characteristics
Caucasoid
Negroid
Mongoloid
Racial classifications
Deniker's
Hooton's
Coon
Garn and birdsell's
Racial classification of indian populations
Risley's
Guha's
Sarkar's

Chronology
Relative
Absolute and cultural
Geological framework
Tertiary,quaternary -pleistocene
Holocene
Major climatic changes during pleistocene
Glacial and interglacial periods
Causes of ice ages
Pluvial and interpluvial periods
Moraines
River terraces
Loess
Sea-level changes -caves
Marine teasaces
Beach ridges
Relative dating
Terrace
Stratigraphy
Palaenology
Palaecutology
Absolute dating
Radio-carbon
Potassium-argon
Thermoluminescence
Dendrochronology
Cultural chronology
Three-age system
Stone age
Copper/bronze age
Iron age
Palaeolithic period
Lower palaeolithic
Middle palaeolithic
Upper palaeolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Emergence of metal technology
Urban revolution

Typo-technology and Palaeolithic cultural features
Percussion technique
Primary and secondary making
Block-on-block/anvil technique
Stone hammer technique
Cylinder hammer technique
Clactonian technique
Levallois technique
Pressure technique
Retouch
Blade and burin technique
Flake technique
Pecking
Grinding and polishing
Splinter and groove techniques
Artefact typology
Simple flake
Side flake
End flake
Levallois flake
Clactonian flake
Blade
Microlithic blade
Tortoise core/levalloisiam
Discoid core
Mousterian flake
Prismatic core
Tool typology
Pebble tools
Chopper
Chopping tool
Bifaces
Handaxe
Cleaver
Scrapers -side, end, round,concave,convex
Blade knife
Blunted back blade
Borer/awl
Burin
Points leaf shape
Laurel leaf
Willow leaf
Points
Shouldered points
Denticulate
Notch microliths
Geometric types
Non-geometric types
Celt -axe
Adze
Shouldered celt
Shoe-last celt
Grinding stone
Ringstone
Lower palaeolithic cultures
Typo-technology
Habitat
Environment economy
People and distribution
Pebble tool culture
Oldowan
Sohan
Choukoutien
Acheulian cultures
Acheulian cultures of africa
Acheulian cultures of europe
Acheulian cultures of india
Middle palaeolithic cultures
Mousterian culture/middle palaeolithic europe -habitat,environment economy ,social organisation,social organisation,religion,typo-technology
Middle stone age in africa
Middle palaeolithic in india
Upper palaeolithic culture -habitat,environment economy,typo-technology,social institution,religion
Europe
Perigordian culture
Chattelperronean
Gravettian
Aurignacian culture
Solutrean culture
Magdalenian culture
Upper palaeolithic in india
Upper palaeolithic art

Holocene culture
Mesolithic cultures
Climate changes
Typo technology
Habitat
Economic activity
Socio-religious features
Europe
Azilian culture
Tardenoisian culture
Maglemosian culture
Kitchen midden culture
Natufian culture
Indian mesolithic
Langhnaj
Teri sites
Birbhanpur
Bagor
Bhimbetka
Adamgarh
Sarainahar rai
Lekhahlia
Mahadeva
Mesolithic art in india
Neolithic
Neolithic of the near-east
Jericho
Jarmo
Catal huyuk
Neolithic cultures of indian subcontinent
Northern neolithic
Burzahom
Southern neolithic
Brahmagiri
Sangankallu
Utnur
Telkalakota
Nagarjun konda
Eastern neolithic
Daojali hading
Sarutaru
Central zone
Navdatoli
Nevasa
Inamgaon
Indus civilization
Extant
Characteristics
Chronology
Origin and decline
Continuity with post-harappan
Indus people and society
Iron age
Megalithic types
Menhir
Dolmen/topikal
Cist
Cairn circle
Carcophagi

Evolution of social structure and organisation
Evolution -unilinear,universal,multilinear
Diffusion -neo-evolution
Innovation
Acculturation
Transculturation
Culture -definitions and attributes
Functionalism
Malinowski
Radcliffe-brown
Structuralism -levi-strauss,leach
Culture and personality
Basic personality configuration
Kardiner and linton enculturation
Status and role
Patterns of culture
Culture change
Themes cultural relativism
Values
Great and little tradition
Civilization
Gender theories
Theory and concepts of indian contribution
G. s. ghury
N.ķ. bose
D.n. majumdar
M.n. srinivas
S.c. dube
L. p. vidyarthi
Aspects of culture
Organisation of culture
Institutions
Social organisation
Family
Family of orientation and procreation
Structure :nuclear,extended,joint
Residence
Patrilocal
Matrilocal
Neolocal
Virilocal
Uxorilocal marriage
Rules :endogamy,exogamy
Monogamy,polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
Mate selection
Cross-cousin marriage
Levirate
Sororate
Sororal dowry
Bride price/bride wealth kinship
Kinship and their terms
Classificatory and descriptive systems
Consanguineal and affinal
Primary, secondary and tertiary
Terms of reference and address
Descent, inheritance and succession
Patriarchal and matriarchal
Unilineal :patrilainel,double
Groups :tribe,clan,phratry,lineage
Kirship behaviour and relationship
Avoidance and joking relationship
Incest

Economic and political organisation - religion and magic
Economic organisation
Concept of property
Primitive communism
States of economy
Collection
Hunting
Fishing
Pastoralism
Cultivation
Shifting and settled
Subsistence economy and market economy
Barter
Means of production
Division of labour
Political organisation
Traditional and statutory of panchayat
Leadership -clan,tribe
Kingship and chiefdom in tribal communities
Customary law
Judicial system
Crime and punishment in primitive society
Religion and magic
Primitive religion
Animism
Totemism
Ancestor propitiation
Shaman
Priest
Medicine man
Tribal mythology -origin of universe,tribe and clan,tribal deities
Magic :black,white,preventive,defensive,destructive,imitative,sympathetic,witchcraft,sorcery
Symbolism and rituals
Supernatural powers
Mana
Taboo

Indian anthropology - basic concepts and issues
Basic concepts
Indian village as part society ,as an isolate
Caste as a group and system
Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe
Tribe
Caste varna and caste/jati
Notified and denotified groups
Other backward classes and castes
Sanskritisation
Westernisation
Modernisation
Sacred complex in india
Regionalism and ethnicity
Basic issues
New panchayati raj
Gram sabha
Women in new panchayats
Constitutional safeguards for scheduled tribes and scheduled casts
Major tribal groups
Tribal states in india
Tribal movements for autonomy
Development schemes
Tribal rehabilitation
Democracy and caste bonded labour and child labour
Ashram schools
Mandal commission
Dhebar commission
Emerging spiritual leaders gurus in india
Caste among non-hindus

Characteristics of evolution
Evolution and its characteristics and classification
Position of man in animal kingdom
Primate evolution with reference to skull,jaw,limbs,dentition and brain
Earliest primates of oligocene,miocene and pliocene
Aegyptopithecus
Propliopithecus
Dryopithecus and proconsul
Living primates -distribution,characteristics and classification,phylogeny and taxonomy,prosimii,cebodea,cercopithecoidea,hominoidea
Morphological and anatomical characteristics of man,gorilla,chimpanzee,orangutan and gibbon
Erect posture and bipedalism
Origin of man-theories of monogenesis,polygenesis,hologenesis and dispersion
Primate behaviour
Evolution of behaviour
Patterns of social behaviour
Reproductive behaviour
Early hominoids
Process of hominisation and emergence of hominoids
Ramapithecus
Australopithecus africanus
A.boisei
A.robustus
Meganthropus
Classification and controversy of homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo erectus javanesis
H.e.pekinesis
Pithecanthropoids of africa and europe
Homo sapien neanderthalensis -phylogenetic position,salient features,distribution of la chapple-auxsaint
Rhodesian man
La ferrasie
Swanscombe
Fontechevade
Krapina
Steinheim
Ehringsdorf
Mount carmel and shanidar
Emergence and characteristics of modern man
Brunn
Chancelade
Cro-magnon
Grimaldi
Offnet
Predmost

History of evolution
History, development and concept
Scope and emerging trends
Relation to other sciences and medicine
Principles of human genetics and molecular genetics
Mendel's laws of inheritance and its application
Modes of inheritance
Autosomal
Sex-linked
Sex-influenced
Sex-limited
Lethal genes
Modifying genes
Suppressor genes
Polygenic
Variable ponetrance and expressivity
Linkage and crossing-over mutation
Gene mutation -spontaneous
Induced
Mutation rate
Genetic hazards of radiation
Chemical mutagenesis
Methods of studying heredity
Twin and co-twin control methods
Pedigree
Sib-pair
Hereditability estimate
Population genetics
Definition and application of hardy-weinberg law
Genetic polymorphism-concept,balanced and transient
Breeding population
Mating patterns
Random rating
Assortative mating
Consanguinity and inbreeding coefficient
Genetic load
Genetic isolates
Selection -heterozygous,intra-uterine,fitness,differential,fertility,relaxation
Genetic marker
Abo blood groups
Genetics and distribution in india mnss blood groups
Rh blood group system
Nomenclature
Fisher's crossing-over idea
Cis- and trans-position
Natural and incomplete antibodies
Kell and duffy system -inheritance
Secretor factor and lewis antigens
Dermatoglyphics history,identification and topography
Fingerprints pattern -identifications ,inheritance,pattern intensity
Furuhata and dankmeijer's index
Palmar dermatoglyphics -configurational areas,main-line formula and index,transversality,inheritance
Mid-phalangeal patterns -identification and types
Palmar flexion creases and main types
Sole prints -configurational areas,main-lines formula and index,transversality,inheritance
Toe prints -pattern,identification,inheritance
Dermatoglyphics and personal identification
Dermatoglyphics and diseases (chromosomal and others)
Dermatoglyphics and paternity disputes
Qualitative and quantitative population variation
Human growth -development and adaptation,definition,concepts,differentiation,maturation and development
Phases of growth -prenatal,infancy,childhood,adolescence,maturity,maturity
Factors affecting growth -genetic,environmental,hormonal,nutritional,nutritional,socio-economic,secular trends,gerontology
Methods of studying human growth and development -longitudinal,cross-sectional,mixed longitudinal,growth curves,epiphyseal union,dentition
Analysis of human physique and body composition -sheldon,parnoll health-carter
Human adpatation to heat,cold,altitude and nutrition
Nutritional requirements -infancy to old age,proteins,carbohydrates,fats,minerals,vitamins
Under-nutrition
Obesity
Malnutrition
Physiological factors in growth -haematological,blood pressure,heart rate,pulse rate

Cell and structural composition
Red cell enzymes
Genetic variation and polymorphism
Red cell acid phosphate
Phosphoglucomutase
Adenylate kinase
Adenosine deaminase and lactate dehydrogenase
Plasma proteins
Heredity and genetic variation of haptoglobins
Transferring immunoglobuline
Haemoglobin -normal and variant
Normal haemoglobin -hba and hbf,hba2
Abnormal haemoglobin -hbs,hbc,hbd,hbe
Thalassemia
Hbs and malaria -balanced polymorphism
Cretinism and g6pd deficiency
Techniques for biochemical analysis
Electrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis
Inborn errors of metabolism
Biochemical pathways and heredity of phenylketonurea
Alkaptonurea
Galactosemia
Albinism
Histocompatibility antigen -history ,subtyping,inheritance,genetic interaction linkages,polymorphism,hla and diseases
Blood groups and diseases
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Smallpox and malaria
Gene mapping -blood groups,hla,sex-linked characters
Human cytogenetics
Identification of human chromosomes
Keryotyping and nomenclature
Techniques for studying chromosomal structure and polymorphism
Autoradiography
Banding
Florence
Chromosomal aberrations
Numerical -turner's syndrome,klinefelter's syndrome,tripio-x,triploial-x,tetra-x,down's syndrome,pateu's syndrome,edward's syndrome,sturge-weber's syndrome,triploidy and tetraploidy
Structural of cri-du-chat syndrome and philadelphia chromosome
Translocations -d/d,d/g,g/g ,acrocentric/non-acrocentric
Metacentric/metacentric ring chromosome
Ieroctromosome mivession
Mosaccism
Sexual differentiation -genetic and post-genetic
Application - genetic counselling,genetic screen and genetic engineering and dna fingerprinting

Archaeological significance
Environmental archaeology
Cultural ecology
Ethno-archaeology
Settlement archaeology
New archaeology
Action archaeology
Social and economic approach in archaeological studies
Nature of environmental change -climatic changes,geomorphic,faunal and floral
Palaeobotanical
Methods of dating
Stratigraphic
Paleomagnetic
Fluorine
Radiocarbon
Potassium-argon
Fission track
Thermoluminescence
Obsidian hydration
Archaeomagnetism
Magnetic reversal
Tree ring
Varve clay
Racemization

Earliest cultures
Primitive hunter-gatherers
Bipedalism versus tool making -evidence from hadar
Significance of hathnora
Evidence of homo fauna associated with acheulian tools in peninsular india
Flake tool complex
Middle palaeolithic characteristic features and distribution in europe
Technological/economic implications of evolution of flake tools
Middle palaeolithic cultures in north africa,western europe,central europe,near and middle east,central asia-tabun tashik task shanidar
First human burials and emnergence of rituals
Middle palaeolithic culture in india -bellan valley,bhimbetka,nevasa and narmada,eastern peninsula
Typology and technology of middle palaeolithic tools in india
Human expansion in temperate regions
Blade tool complex
Advanced hunter-gatherers (upper palaeolithic cultures)
Evolution of blade and burin technology
Use of bone and antler as raw materials
Upper palaeolithic cultures and homo sapiens
Upper palaeolithic cultures of western and central europe and north africa -dabban
Chatelperronian
Perigordian
Aurigacian
Gravettian
Solutrean
Magdalenian
Pavlovian
Szeletian
Emergence and development of art -painting,engraving,sculpture,motivation
Upper palaeolithic habitations and economy
Cave and open-air settlements
Reindeer and mammoth hunting
Populating the new world
Upper palaeolithic in india -reningunta,billa surgam,patne,bhimbetka,son and bellan valleys,visadi,pushkar,gunjan valley

Geographical cultures
Final hunter
Gatherer and incipient cultivators
Post-pleistocene environmental changes
Development of microlithic technology
Composite tools and bow-arrow
Important mesolithic cultures and sites of europe and the near-east -azilian,tardenoisian,maglemosian,ertebolle,natufian and epi-palaeolithic
Mesolithic cultures of india
Western india -bagor,tilwara,pushkar lake,lankhnaj,bombay coast
Central india -adamgarh,bhimbetka,baghaikhor,chopani mando
Ganga valley -sarai nahar rai,mahadaba
Eastern india -birbhanpur
South india -eastern ghats and east coast
Mesolithic economy and society
Mesolithic art
Beginnings of agriculture
Evidences from mount carmel caves
Juricho
Beidha karim shahir
Mehergarh
Hoabinbian of south east asia and north east india
Emergence of village farming way of life
Economic and social consequences of food production -settled life,population growth ,craft specialisation,class formation,political institutions
Ecological perspective of early agriculture
Nuclear zones of the near-east
South east asia
North east india
Important early farming centres and sites in the old world (excluding india) -jericho,catal huyuk,jarmo,beidha,khirokitia,zawi chemi,shanidar
Early cultivation in new guinea
Root crops and rice cultivation in south east asia
Beginning of agriculture in india -ganga valley,mehergarh,koldihwa
Diffusion of village farming
Way of life in the indo-pakistan sub-continent
Pakistan
Kim ghul mohammad
Rana ghundai
Gumlam sarai khola kashmir valley
Burzahom
Gufkral
Rajasthan
Ahar
Gilund
Central india
Nagada
Kayatha
Navdatoli
Eran
Northern deccan
Nevasa
Chandoli
Diamabad inamgaon
Prakash
Bahal
South india
Maski
Brahmagiri
Sangankallu
Tekkalkota
Piklihal utnur
Halbur
Palavoy
Paiyampalli
T-narsipur
Ashmounds
Nagarjunakonda
Neolithic culture neolithic cultures of eastern and north eastern india
Daojali hading
Kuchai
Tool types
Distribution and affinities with s.e. asia
Birth of civilization
Rise of civilization in mesopotamia
Evidences from ubaid,malaf,jamdet nasr,jamdet nasr,early dynasties
Indus civilization
Expansion of village communities in the indus and gagra/hakra valleys
Amri
Kot diji
Jalilpur
Kalibangan
Mohenjo-daro
Harappa
Mature indus culture
Chanhundaro
Lothal
Surkotada
Town planning
Architecture
Metal technology
Art
Writing
Late harappan culture
Expansion into kutch
Gujarat
Punjab
Haryana
Western up
Rojadi
Rangpur
Ropar
Mitathal and alamgirpur
Theories of decline of the indus civilization
Environmental decay
Hydrological changes
Tectonic movement
Climatic changes
External invasion
Aftermath of the indus civilization
Ocp copper hoards
Beginning of iron age and second urbanization
Economic and social implication of iron technology
Black and red ware culture
Noh
Attranji
Khera
Ahichichatra
Painted grey ware culture -distribution,economy and society
Norther black polished ware culture
First cities in the ganga
Valley and emergence of the mauryan empire
Role of ecology in the urbanization of the ganga valley
Iron and megalithic burials
Megalithic types -southern indian inhabitation,economy
Megalithic rituals
Living megalithic cultures of eastern and central india

Cultural diversity
The meaning and nature of culture
Humanistic and anthropological perspectives
Distinguished
Attributes of anthropological concept of culture
Learned and historically derived
Plurality
Relativity
Behaviourally manifested
Functional integration and holistic perspective
Dynamic changing
Language as vehicle of culture
The contribution of e. b. tylor,a.l.kroeber,b.malinowski
Emerging areas
Medical anthropology
Ecological anthropology
Urban anthropology
Development anthropology
Evolution and diffusion of culture
Theories of socio-cultural evolution
Unilinear (morgan)
Universal (white and child)
Multilinear (julian steward)
Contribution of british,german and american diffusionists
Contemporary trends in evolutionary studies
Neo-evolution
Acculturation
Diffusion
Culture contact and social-cultural change
Invention
Innovation
Technology and culture change
Especially affecting women
Functionalism
Form and function
Meaning and distinguishing tenets of functionalism in social-cultural anthropology
Malinowski's and radcliffe-brown contribution
Structuralism
Social structure
Social organisation and social system
Levi-strauss
Leach
Structuralism in social anthropology
Psychological anthropology
Culture and personality -benedict and mead
Basic personality
Linton
Kardiner
Cora du bois
Anthropological approaches in national character studies
family
Marriage and kinship
Typology and functions of family
Nuclear, extended and joint family
Preferential marriage
Functions of descent groups
Lineage and clan
Kinship terminology and kinship behaviour

Socio-cultural anthropology
Contribution to social-cultural anthropology by e.b.tylor,lewis morgan ,franz boas,a.l.kroeber,b.malinowski,a. r. radcliffe-brown,evans-prichard,c.levi-strauss,ralph linton,robert redfield,margaret mead
Methodology of anthropological research
Ethnography as a method
Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
Basic characteristics of field work method
Quantitative and qualitative tools and techniques
Survey
Observation
Case study
Interview
Schedule
Questionnaire
Genealogy
Group discussion
Mapping
Comparative methods in social-cultural anthropology
Cross-cultural comparison
Controlled comparison
Reinterpretation
Restudy
Evaluation research
Participatry rural appraisal
Rapid rural appraisal
Intervention research
Process and impact analysis

Indian anthropology - challenges
Weaker sections in indian population
Scheduled castes
Scheduled tribes and primitive tribal groups
Denotified communities
Basic of labelling as st and sc according to constitution
Tribal problems and welfare measures relating to forests,shifting cultivation ,land alienation ,housing ,health and sanitation/nutrition,indebtedness,bonded labour,education,gender issues
Development strategies
Special programmes
Large-scale agricultural multipurpose societies
Integrated tribal development project
Community development project
Integrated rural development project
Component plan for sc
Tribal youth self-employment scheme
Reservation for women in panchayati raj
Role of voluntary organisations in development
Tribal problems of identity autonomy ethicity
Tribal Movements
Revivalistic/nativistic population displacement due to development schemes such as dam construction
Revitalisation of local history
Problems of pseudo
Tribals to become st
Indian society and culture
Caste as a group and as a system of social segmentation and integration
Caste in modern india
Changing dimensions of caste
Village studies in india
Primitive society as a conceptual model of village ethnography
Concepts of little and great tradition
Universalisation and parochialisation
Dominant caste
Sanskritisation and westernisation
Sacred complex
Role of city in change
Folk-urban and tribe-caste continuum
Indian masters
G. s. ghurye
N. k. bose
D. n. majumdar
Verrier elwin
M. n. srinivas
S.c.dube
L.p. vidhyarthi
Anthropological approaches in community
Health
Natural health
Promotion and disease control programmes such as population control,nutrition,mother and child health,health education,leprosy,tb,aids,etc.
Anthropology in education and communication
Rural development
Gender perspectives
Relocation
Rehabilitation
Earthquakes
floods
Disasters
Human resource training and management

Concept of archaeology
Definition
Am and scope of archaeology
History and growth of archaeology
History of indian archaeology
Relationship of archaeology with social and natural sciences
Retrieval of archaeological data
Techniques of explorations and excavations
Aims and methods of conservation and preservation of archaeological remains
Recording and preparation of reports

Chronology and dating
Relative
Stratigraphy
Typology
Absolute
Carbon 14
Potassium argon
Fission track
Thermoluminescence
Dendrochronology
Pollen analysis
Varve clay analysis
Others methods
Fluorine test
Nitrogen and phosphate analysis
Soil analysis
Methods of objective interpretations
Ethno-archaeology
Experimental archaeology
Application of new archaeological methods in india

Archaeology and human
Geological, biological and cultural dimension of man
Quaternary period
Pleistocene and holocene
Environment and climatic changes
Pleistocene flora and fauna
Main stages of human evolution and important fossil records
Appearance of stone tools and development of technology
Main techniques and tools of stone age
Methods of study of prehistoric remains

Archaeological significance in human life
Hunting and gathering stage
Palaeolithic in africa
Europe and south-east asia
Mesolithic in europe and west asia
Palaeolithic and mesolithic remains and important sites of india
Beginning of food production
Neolithic stage in west asia
Major neolithic cultures and important sites of india

Civilization and archaeology
Pre and early harappan village cultures of north and north-western india
Harappa culture -origin,extent,chronology,factors of urbanization,trade,script,religion,art and craft,factors for the decline
Devaluation of harappa culture :punjab,haryana,rajasthan,uttar pradesh and gujarat
Chalcolithic village communities of gujarat,rajasthan,madhya pradesh and maharashtra
Copper using cultures of gangetic plains

Archaeology and minerals
Early occurrence of iron
Chrono-cultural features
Main characteristics of the cultures
Painted grey ware
Black slipped ware and megalithic cultures
Northern black polished ware culture -extent,chronology,characteristics traits
Important city sites :rajghat,ujjain,vaishali,taxila,mathura,sravasti,kaushambi and sisupalgarh
Important sites of historical period -shringverpur,khairadih,satanikota,chandraketugarh,nasik,arikamedu and adam

Archaeology and architecture
Architecture of structural stupas -north and south india
Rock-cut architecture
Monasteries and shrines
Main styles of temples
Origin and development of temples
Main features and examples of nagara, vesara and dravidian styles
Main styles of sculptural art
Mauryan
Sunga
Kushan
Gupta
Satavahana
Chalukya
Pallava and chola periods

Archaeology and currency
Origin and antiquity of coinage in india
Techniques of manufacturing coins
Important coins
Punch-marked coins
Inscribed and uninscribed caste coins
Principal types of indo-greek coinage
Saka and kushan coinage
Principal types of gupta gold coinage
Brief account of pre-islamic medieval indian coinage

Archaeology and literature
Origin and antiquity of writing in india
Origin of brahmi and kharosthi scripts
Study of some select inscriptions
Ashokan edicts
Besnagar garuda pillar inscription
Hathigumpha inscription of kharavela
Junagarh inscription of rudradaman
Allahabad pillar inscription of samudragupta
Aihole pillar inscription of pulakesin ii and gwalior inscription of mihira bhoja

Research in archaeology
Proposed area of research
Aims and objectives
Proposed methodology
Primary and secondary sources
Review of previous researches in the proposed area
Likely contribution of the proposal

Geochronology and stone age cultures of India
Sohan valley
Belan valley
Son valley and kortlayar valley

Palaeolithic cultures of India
Sohan and acheulian traditions
Middle palaeolithic cultures
Upper palaeolithic cultures
Habitation tendencies of the palaeolithic period

Patterns of Mesolithic cultures of India
Characteristic features of alluvial plains
Horse-shoe lake
Sand-dune
Plateau and rock shelter sites

Neolithic cultures of India
Early farming communities of baluchistan and kashmir
Vindhya-belan region
Kaimur foot hills and ganga plains
Chota nagpur plateau and the north-east
Pastoral communities of deccan and south

Pre-Harappan cultures of India and border lands
Salient features

Harappa culture
Origin
Geographical distribution and settlement patterns
Town planning and architecture
Trade-hinterland and overseas
Arts and crafts
Material equipment
Subsistence pattern
Socio-political organization
Religion and authorship
Important excavated sites
Concepts of sorath and sindhi
Harappans in gujarat

Decline and survival of Harappa culture
Causes of de-urbanization
Late harappan cultures of punjab,haryana,western uttar pradesh and gujarat

Other copper using cultures
Copper hoards and ochre coloured pottery
Ahar
Kayatha
Malwa and deccan chalcolithic cultures
Cultures of gangetic plains

Historical urbanization
Northern black polished ware culture
Extent
Chronology
Cultural traits

Important city sites
Rajghat
Ujjain
Vaishali
Taxila
Mathura
Sravasti
Kaushambi
Sisupalgarh
Satanikota

Growth of urban settlements during Kushan period
Plan and expansion of settlements and growth of trade centres
Main features of material culture

Excavated remains of Gupta and early medieval periods
Nature of settlements
Main features of material culture elective

Architecture
Structural features of ancient fortified settlements

Origin and evolution of stupa architecture
Sanchi
Bharhut
Amaravati and nagarjuna konda

Development of rock-cut architecture
Chaityas and viharas

Origin and evolution of temples
Gupta temples
Chalukyan temples
Pallava rathas and temples
Khajuraho temples
Temples of orissa and chola temples

Sculpture - Mauryan capital figures
Early yaksha statue
Sunga sculptures
Kaushana sculptures
Mathura and gandhara schools
Gupta sculptures
Sarnath school
Sculptures of chalukyas
Pallavas
Palas
Chola and chandellasi

Paintings
Rock-cut cave paintings of ajanta and bagh

Epigraphy
Epigraphy as a source of history
Origin of indian scripts
Different theories

Study of select epigraphs
Asokan edicts
Rock edicts x, xii, xiii
Lumbini inscriptions of asoka
Minar rock edict of bairat
Besnagar garud pillar inscription
Hathigumpha inscription of kharvela
Junagarh inscription of rudradaman
Swat relic casket inscription
Sarnath buddha image inscription of the time of kanishka
Lucknow museum jain image inscription of the time of huvishka
Allahabad pillar inscription of samudragupta
Aihole pillar inscription of pulakesin ii
Gwalior inscriptions of mihira bhoja
Thanjavur inscription of rajendra chola and sangli copper plate of govinda iv

Numismatics
Origin and antiquity of coinage in ancient india
Metal and techniques used for coins

Main coin types
Punch-marked coins
Inscribed and uninscribed caste coins
Principal types of indo-greek coinage
Coins of saka
Kushan and satavahana
Principal types of gupta gold coins
Roman coins
Brief account of pre-islamic medieval indian coinage

Business environment
Meaning and elements of business environment
Economic environment
Economic policies
Economic planning
Legal environment of business in india
Competition policy
Consumer protection
Environment protection
Policy environment
Liberalization
Privatisation and globalisation
Second generation reforms
Industrial policy and implementation
Industrial growth and structural changes

Financial and management accounting
Basic accounting concepts
Capital and revenue
Financial statements
partnership accounts :admission,retirement,death,dissolution and cash distribution
Advanced company accounts
Issue
Forfeiture
Purchase of business
Liquidation
Valuation of shares
Amalgamation
Absorption and reconstruction
Holding company accounts
Cost and management accounting
Ratio analysis
Funds flow analysis
Cash flow analysis
Marginal costing and break-even analysis
Standard costing
Budgetary control
Costing for decision making
Responsibility accounting

Business economics
Nature and uses of business economics
Concept of profit and wealth maximization
Demand analysis and elasticity of demand
Indifference curve analysis
Law utility analysis
laws of returns and law of variable proportions
Cost
Revenue
Price determination in different market situations
Perfect competition
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
Price discrimination and oligopoly
Pricing strategies

Business statistics and data processing
Data types
Data collection and analysis
Sampling and need
Errors and methods of sampling
Normal distribution
Hypothesis testing
Analysis and interpretation of data
Correlation and regression
Small sample tests t-test
F-test and chi-square test
Data processing
Elements
Data entry
Data processing and computer applications
Computer application to functional areas
Accounting
Inventory control
Marketing

Business management
Principles of management
Planning
Objectives
Strategies
Planning process
Decision-making organising
Organisational structure
Formal and informal organisations
Organisational culture
Staffing leading
Leading :motivation,leadership,committees,communication
Controlling
Corporate governance and business ethics

Marketing management
The evolution of marketing
Concepts of marketing
Marketing Mix
Marketing environment
Consumer behaviour
Market segmentation
Product decisions
Pricing decisions
Distribution decisions
Promotion decisions
Marketing planning
Organising and control

Financial management
Capital Structure
Financial and operating leverage
Cost of capital
Capital budgeting
Working capital management
Dividend policy

Human resources management
Concepts
Role and functions of human resource management
Human Resource Planning
Recruitment and selection
Training and Development
Succession planning
Compensation
Wage and salary administration
Incentive and fringe benefits
Morale and productivity
Performance appraisal
Industrial relations in india
Health
Safety
Welfare and social security
Workers' participation in management

Banking and financial institution
Importance of banking to business
Types of banks and their functions
Reserve bank of india
Nabard and rural banking
Banking sector reforms in india
Npa
Capital adequacy norms
E-banking
Development banking
Idbi
Ifci
Sfcs
Uti
Sidbi

International business
Theoretical foundations of international business
Balance of payments
International liquidity
International economic institutions
Imf
World bank ifc
Ida
Adb
World trade organisation and its functions and policies
Structure of india's foreign trade
Composition and direction
Exim bank
Exim policy of india
Regulation and promotion of foreign trade
Foreign direct investment and multinational corporations
Mncs culture
Mncs and ldcs
Joint ventures
Regional economic integration
Saarc
ASEAN
Ec
Nafta
India and wto
Intellectual property rights
Foreign exchange
Exchange rate
Mechanism
Risk management
Transfer of international payments
Convertibility of rupee
Current and capital accounts
Issues and perceptions
Derivatives and futures
Foreign investment institutions
Instruments
Gdrs
Adrs
Fiis and their role in indian capital market

Accounting and finance
Accounting standards in india
Inflation accounting
Human resource accounting
Responsibility accounting
Social accounting
Money and capital market
Working of stock exchanges in india
Nse
Otcei
Nasdaq
Derivatives and options
Regulatory authorities
Sebi
Rating agencies
New instruments
Gdrs
Adrs
Venture Capital Funds
Mergers and acquisitions
Mutual funds
Lease financing
Factoring
Measurement of risk and returns securities and portfolios
Computer application in accounting and finance

Marketing
Marketing tasks
Concepts and tools
Marketing environment
Consumer behaviour and market segmentation
Product decisions
Pricing decisions
Distribution decisions
Promotion decisions
Marketing researches
Online marketing
Direct marketing
Social, ethical and legal aspects of marketing in india

Human resource management
Concept
Role and functions of human resource management
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
Job description and specifications
Use of job analysis information
Recruitment and selection
Training and Development
Succession planning
Compensation
Wage and salary administration
Incentives and fringe benefits
Morale and productivity
Appraisal performance
Industrial relations in india
Health
Safety
Welfare
Social security
Workers participation in management

Income-tax law and tax planning
Basic concepts
Residential status and tax incidence
Exempted incomes
Computation of taxable income under various heads
Computation of taxable income of individuals and firms
Deduction of tax
Filing of returns
Different types of assessment
Defaults and penalties
Tax planning
Concept
Significance and problems of tax planning
Tax evasion and tax avoidance
Methods of tax planning
Tax considerations in specific business decisions
Viz
Make or buy
Own or lease
Retain or replace
Export or domestic sales
Shut-down or closure
Expand or contract
Invest or disinvest
Computer application in income tax and tax planning

The epistemology of comparative literature
Definition and scope of comparative literature
Development of the discipline
Methodology

Literary historiography
History and literary history
Elements of literary history
Problems of periodization

The theory of genres
Oral and written ancient
Medieval and modern

Thematology
Motifs
Myths and archetypes
The diachronic and synchronic study of themes

Comparative Indian literature
Traditions
Movements
Themes and genres

Literary theory
Indian poetics
Tamil and sanskrit
Western literary theories

Cross-cultural literary relations
Influence
Analogy
Reception

Translation studies
History of translation
Indian and non-indian
Theories of translation
Problems of translation
Linguistic and cultural

Literature and the other arts

Literature and other disciplines
Literature and cultural studies

Nature and scope of religions
Concept of religion
Significance of and approaches to the study of religions
Founders and propounders of religions
Major scriptures
Individual and social aspects of religion
Harmony of religions and interfaith dialogue
Modern challenges to religions
Some basic concepts common to most of the tribal religions
Unified concept encompassing the whole universe and all grades of existence
The ideas behind in various primitive societies
Manaism
Totemism
Tabooism
Animism
Magic,etc.
Manifestations of tribal religions in individual and social life of adivasi people

Major religions - common aspects and themes
Concept of universe and ultimate reality
Theories of karma
Retribution and salvation
Codes of ethical conduct
Compassion
Non violence
Peace and harmony
Social justice and human rights
Prayer, meditation and mysticism
Attitude towards women
Heritage and culture
Worship and rituals
Religion and science in dialogue

Hinduism
Nature of vedic religion and culture
Vedic literature
Samhitā-s
Brahmana-s
Āranyak-s
Upanisad-s
Saivism
Vaisnavism
Shaktism
Tantraism
Six systems of hindu philosophy
Sankhya
Yoga
Nyaya
Vaisesika
Mimamsa and vedanta
Epics (ramayana and mahabharata) and purana-s
Bhakti and reform movements of the medieval period
Modern reform movements(brahmosamaja,aryasamaja,ramkrishna mission,etc.)

Jainism
Sramana culture and tirthankara tradition
Main sects of jainism
Digambara and svetambara
Prakrit agama literature and prominent ācāryas
Basic doctrines
Principles and philosophy
Contribution to arts and architecture
Social aspects of jainism
Contemporary developments of jainism

Buddhism
Background, life and teachings of gautama buddha
Pali tipitaka literature and mahayana surtras
Main sects - theravāda and mahāyāna
Basic doctrines
Principles and philosophy
Contribution to arts and architecture
Expansion of buddhism outside india
Social aspects and revival of buddhism

Christianity
The life and message of jesus christ and the beginnings of christianity
Old testament and new testament scriptures and the question of interpretation
Main christian churches (catholic,orthodox and protestant)
Important beliefs and teachings of christianity
Christian worship ,rituals and mysticism
History of christianity in india
Contemporary trends in christian theology

Islam
Life of prophet mohammed and basic teachings of the quran
The establishment of the islamic community and the medinian state
Development of the islamic civilization under abbasids
International trade and foreign relations in medieval period
The contribution of medieval islam to rational sciences
Philosophy and fine arts
Development of sufism and its impact on the muslim society
Challenges of modernity and the reform movements among muslims in india

Sikhism
Life and teachings of guru nanak
Development of sikh tradition under the ten gurus
Sikh scriptures (adi granth and dasam grantha)
Basic doctrines
Beliefs and code of conduct
Major impact of sikhism on the society
Sikh sects and gurdwara reform movement
Sikhism in diaspora

Discrete structures
Sets
Relations
Functions
Pigeonhole principle
Inclusion-exclusion principle
Equivalence and partial orderings
Elementary counting techniques
Probability
Measures for information and mutual information
Computability
Models of computation
Finite automata
Pushdown automata
Non-determinism and nfa
Dpda and pdas and languages accepted by these structures
Grammars
Languages
Non-computability and examples of non-computable problems
Graph
Definition
Walks
Paths
Trails
Connected graphs
Regular and bipartite graphs
Cycles and circuits
Tree and rooted tree
Spanning trees
Eccentricity of a vertex radius and diameter of a graph
Central graphs
Centre of a tree
Hamiltonian and eulerian graphs
Planar graphs
Groups
Finite fields and error correcting/detecting codes

Computer arithmetic
Propositional Logic
Predicate logic
Well-formed-formulae
Satisfiability and tautology
Logic families
TTL
Ecl and cmos gates
Boolean algebra and minimization of boolean functions
Flip-flops-types
Race condition and comparison
Design of combinational and sequential circuits
Representation of integers
Octal
Hex
Decimal and binary
2's complement and i's complement arithmetic
Floating point representation

Programming in C and C++
Programming in C
Elements of c
Tokens
Identifiers
Data types in c
Control structures in c
Sequence
Selection and iteration
Structured data types in c-arrays
Struct
Union
String
Pointers
O-o programming concepts
class
Object
Instantiation
Inheritance
Polymorphism and overloading
C++ programming
Elements of c++
Variables and constants
Data types
Operators
Control statements
Functions parameter passing
Class and objects
Constructors and destructors
Overloading
Templates
Exception handling

Relational database design and SQL
E-r diagrams and their transformation to relational design
Normalization
Inf
2nf
3nf
Bcnf
4nf
Limitations of 4nf and bcnf
Sql
Data definition language
Data manipulation language
Data control language commands
Database objects
Views
Indexes
Sequences
Synonyms
Data dictionary

Data and file structures
Data
Information
Definition of data structure
Arrays
Stacks
Queues
Linked lists
Trees
Graphs
Priority queues and heaps
File structures
Fields
Records and files
Sequential
Direct
Index-sequential and relative files
Hashing
Inverted lists and multi-lists
B trees and b+ trees

Computer networks
Network fundamentals
Local area networks
Metropolitan area networks
Wide area networks
Wireless networks
Inter networks
Reference models
The osi model
Tcp/ip model
Data communication
Channel capacity
Transmission media
Twisted pair
Coaxial cables
Fibre-optic cables
Wireless transmission
Radio
Microwave
Infrared and millimeter waves
Lightwave transmission
Telephone
Local loop
Trunks
Multiplexing
Switching
Narrowband isdn
Broadband isdn
Atm
High speed lans
Cellular radio
Communication satellites
Geosynchronous and low-orbit
Internetworking
Switch/hub
Bridge
Router
Gateways
Concatenated virtual circuits
Tunnelling
Fragmentation
Firewalls
Routing
Virtual circuits and datagrams
Routing algorithms
Congestion control
Network security
Cryptography
Public key
Secret key
Domain name system
Electronic mail and world wide web
The dns
Resource records
Name servers
E-mail-architecture and serves

System software and compilers
Assembly language fundamentals
Assemblers--2-pass and single-pass
Macros and macro processors
Loading
Linking
Relocation
Program relocatability
Linkage editing
Text editors
Programming environments
Debuggers and program generators
Compilation and interpretation
Bootstrap compilers
Phases of compilation process
Lexical analysis
Lex package on unix system
Context free grammars
Parsing and parse trees
Representation of parse trees as rightmost and leftmost derivations
Bottom up parsers
Shift-reduce
Operator precedence and lr
Yacc package on unix system
Top down parsers
Left récursion and its removal
Recursive descent parser
Predictive parser
Intermediate codes
Quadruples
Triples
Intermediate code
Code generation
Code optimization

Operating systems with case study of Unix
Main functions of operating systems
Multiprogramming
Multiprocessing and multitasking
Memory management
Virtual memory
Paging
Fragmentation
Concurrent processing
Mutual exclusion
Critical regions
Lock and unlock
Scheduling
CPU scheduling
I/o scheduling
Resource scheduling
Deadlock and scheduling algorithms
Banker's algorithm for deadlock handling
Unix
The unix system
File system
Process management
Bourne shell
Shell variables
Command line programming
Filters and commands
Pr
Head
Tail
Cut
Paste
Sort
Uniq
Tr
Join
Grep
Egrep
Fgrep
Sed
Awk
System calls
Create
Open
Close
Read
Write
Iseek
Link
Unlink
Stat
Fstat
Umask
Chmod
Exec
Fork
Wait
System

Software engineering
System development life cycle
Steps
Waterfall model
Prototypes
Spiral model
Software metrics
Software project management
Software design
Detailed design
Function oriented design
Object oriented design
User interface design
Design level metrics
Coding and testing
Testing level metrics
Software quality and reliability
Clean room approach
Software reengineering

Current trends and technologies
Parallel computing
Parallel virtual machine and message passing interface libraries and calls
Advanced architectures
Today's fastest computers
Mobile computing
Mobile connectivity
Cells
Framework
Wireless delivery technology and switching methods
Mobile information access devices
Mobile data internetworking standards
Cellular data communication protocols
Mobile computing applications
Mobile databases -protocols,scope,tools and technology
M-business
E-technologies
Electronic commerce
Media convergence of applications
Consumer applications
Organisation applications
Electronic payment systems
Digital token
Smart cards
Credit cards
Risks in electronic payment system
Designing electronic payment systems
Electronic data interchange -concepts,applications,issues
Edi and electronic commerce
Standardization and edi
Edi software implementation
Edi envelope for message transport
Internet-based edi
Digital libraries and data warehousing -concepts
Types of digital documents
Issues behind document infrastructure
Corporate data warehouses
Software agents
Characteristics and properties of agents
Technology behind software agents
Broadband telecommunications
Concepts
Frame relay
Cell relay
Switched multimegabit data service
Asynchronous transfer mode
Main concepts in geographical information system
E-cash
E-business
Erp packages
Data warehousing
Data warehouse environment
Architecture of a data warehouse methodology
Analysis
Design
Construction and administration
Data mining
Extracting models and patterns from large databases
Data mining techniques
Classification
Regression
Clustering
Summarization
Dependency modelling
Link analysis
Sequencing analysis
Mining scientific and business data
Windows programming
Introduction to windows programming
Win32
Microsoft foundation classes
Documents and views
Resources
Message handling in windows
Simple applications (in windows)
Scrolling
Splitting views
Docking toolbars
Status bars
Common dialogs
Advanced windows programming
Multiple document interface
Multithreading
Object linking and embedding
Activex controls
Active template library
Network programming

Combinational circuit design
Sequential circuit design
Hardwired and microprogrammed processor design
Instruction formats
Addressing modes
Memory types and organisation
Interfacing peripheral devices
Interrupts
Microprocessor architecture
Instruction set and programming
Microprocessor applications

Database concepts
Er diagrams
Data models
Design of relational database
Normalisation
Sql and qbe
Query processing and optimisation
Centralised and distributed database
Security
Concurrency and recovery in centralised and distributed database systems
Object oriented database management systems (concepts,composite objects,integration with rdbms applications
Oracle

Display systems
Input devices
2d geometry
Graphic operations
3d graphics
Animation
Graphic standard
Applications
Concepts
Storage devices
Input tools
Authoring tools
Application
Files

Programming language concepts
Paradigms and models
Data
Data types
Operators
Expressions
Assignment
Flow of control
Control structures
I/o statements
User-defined and built-in functions
Parameter passing
Principles
Classes
Inheritance
Class hierarchies
Polymorphism
Dynamic binding
Reference semantics and their implementation
Functions
Lists
Types and polymorphisms
Higher order functions
Lazy evaluation
Equations and pattern matching
Horn clauses and their execution
Logical variables
Relations
Data structures
Controlling the search order
Program development in prolog
Implementation of prolog
Example programs in prolog
Principles of parallelism
Coroutines
Communication and execution
Parallel virtual machine and message passing interface routines and calls
Parallel programs in pvm paradigm as well as mpi paradigm for simple problems like matrix multiplication
Preconditions
Postconditions
Axiomatic approach for semantics
Correctness
Denotational semantics
Compiler structure
Compiler construction tools
Compilation phases
Finite automata
Pushdown automata
Non-determinism and nfa, dpda and pdas and languages accepted by these structures
Grammars
Languages
Types of grammars
Type 0
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
The relationship between types of grammars and finite machines
Pushdown automata and context free grammars
Lexical analysis
Regular expressions and regular languages
Lex package on unix
Conversion of nfa to dfa
Minimizing the number of states in a dfa
Compilation and interpretation
Bootstrap compilers
Context free grammars
Parsing and parse trees
Representation of parse trees as rightmost and leftmost derivations
Bottom up parsers
Shift-reduce
Operator precedence and lr
Yacc package on unix system
Top down parsers
Left récursion and its removal
Recursive descent parser
Predictive parser
Intermediate codes
Quadruples
Triples
Intermediate code generation
Code generation
Code optimization

Analog and digital transmission
Asynchronous and synchronous transmission
Transmission media
Multiplexing and concentration
Switching techniques
Polling
Topologies
Networking devices
Osi reference model
Protocols for data link layer,network layer,transport layer,tcp/ip protocols
Networks security
Network administration

Definition, simple and composite structures

Arrays

Lists

Stacks queues

Priority queues

Binary trees

B-trees

Graphs

Sorting and searching algorithms

Analysis of algorithms

Interpolation and binary search

Asymptotic notation

Big ohm

Omega and theta

Average case analysis of simple programs like finding of a maximum of n elements

Recursion and its systematic removal

Quicksort

Non-recursive implementation with minimal stack storage

Design of algorithms (divide and conquer, greedy method, dynamic programming, back tracking, branch and bound)

Lower bound theory

Non-deterministic algorithm

Non-deterministic programming constructs

Simple non-deterministic programs

NP-hard and NP-complete problems

Object

Messages

Classes

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Aggregation

Abstract classes

Generalization as extension and restriction

Object oriented design

Multiple inheritance

Metadata

HTML

DHTML

XML

Scripting

Java

Servlets

Applets

Software development models
Requirement analysis and specifications
Software design
Programming techniques and tools
Software validation and quality assurance techniques
Software maintenance and advanced concepts
Software management

Introduction of memory management

Support for concurrent process

Scheduling

System deadlock

Multiprogramming system

I/O management

Distributed operating systems

Study of Unix and windows NT

Definitions and AL approach for solving problems
State space representation of problems

Automated reasoning with propositional logic and predicate logic
Fundamental proof procedure
Refutation
Resolution
Refinements to resolution

Bounding functions

Breadth first

Depth first, A, A*, A0*

Performance comparison of various search techniques

Frames

Scripts

Semantic nets

Production systems

Procedural representations

Prolog programming

Components of an expert system

Knowledge representation and acquisition techniques

Building expert system and shell

RTNS

ATNS

Parsing of ambiguous CFGS

Tree adjoining grammars

Systems approach to planning

Designing

Development

Implementation and evaluation of MIS

Decision-making processes

Evaluation of DSS

Group decision support system and case studies

Adaptive design approach to DSS development

Cognitive style in DSS

Integrating expert and decision support systems

Theory of computation
Formal language
Need for formal computational models
Non-computational problems
Diagonal argument and russell's paradox
Deterministic finite automaton
Non-deterministic finite automaton
Regular languages and regular sets
Equivalence of dfa and nfa
Minimizing the number of states of a dfa
Non-regular languages and pumping lemma
Pushdown automaton
Deterministic pushdown automaton
Non-equivalence of pda and dpda

Context free grammars
Greibach normal form
Chomsky normal form
Ambiguity
Parse tree representation of derivations
Equivalence of pda and cfg's
Parsing techniques for parsing of general cfg's
Early's cook-kassami-younger and tomita's parsing

Linear bounded automata
Power of lba
Closure properties

Turing machine
One tape
Multitape
The notions of time and space complexity in terms of tm
Construction of tm for simple problems
Computational complexity

Chomsky hierarchy of languages
Recursive and recursively
Enumerable languages

Models for information channel
Discrete memoryless channel
Binary ametric channel
Burst channel
Bit-error rates
Probability
Entropy and shannon's measure of information
Mutual information
Channel capacity theorem
Rate and optimality of information transmission

Variable length codes
Prefix codes
Huffman codes
Lempel-ziev codes
Optimality of these codes
Information content of these codes

Error correcting and detecting codes
Finite fields
Hamming distance
Bounds of codes
Linear codes
Parity check matrix
Generator matrix
Decoding of linear codes
Hamming codes

Image processing
Image registration
Spatial fourier transforms
Discrete spatial fourier transforms
Restoration
Lossy compression of images

Data compression techniques
Representation and compression of text,sound,picture and video files

LPP in canonical form

Conversion of LPP in standard form to LPP in canonical form

Simplex

Prevention of cyclic computations in simplex and tableau

Big-m method

Dual simplex and revised simplex

Complexity of simplex algorithm

Exponential behaviour of simplex

Ellipsoid method and Karmakar's method for solving LPPs

Solving simple LPPs through these methods

Comparison of complexity of these methods

Assignment and transportation problems

Simple algorithms like Hungarian method

Shortest path problems
Dijkstra's and moore's method

Network flow problem
Formulation
Max-flow min-cut theorem
Ford and fulkerson's algorithm
Exponential behaviour of ford and fulkerson's algorithm
Malhotra-pramodkumar-maheshwari (mpm) polynomial algorithm ng network flow problem
Bipartite graphs and matchings
Solving matching problems using network flow problems

Matroids
Definition
Graphic and cographic matroids
Matroid intersection problem

Nonlinear programming
Kuhn-tucker conditions
Convex functions and convex regions

Neural networks
Perceptron model
Linear separability and xor problem
Two and three layered neural nets
Backpropagation
Convergence
Hopfield nets
Neural net learning
Applications

Fuzzy systems
Definition of a fuzzy set
Fuzzy relations
Fuzzy functions
Fuzzy measures
Fuzzy reasoning
Applications of fuzzy systems

Unix
Operating system
Structure of unix operating system
Unix commands
Interfacing with unix
Editors and compilers for ünix
Lex and yacc
File system
System calls
Filters
Shell programming

Windows
Windows environment
UNICODE
Documents and views
Drawing in a window
Message handling
Scrolling and splitting views
Docking toolbars and status bars
Common dialogs and controls
Mdi
Multithreading
Ole
Activex controls
Atl
Database access
Network programming

Criminology
Definition and scope
Criminology and other social sciences
Legal
Social and psychological aspects of crime
Traditional crimes
Crimes against property and person
Modern crimes
Organized crimes
Socio-economic crimes
Corruption
Cyber crimes
Environmental crimes
Terrorism and insurgency
Crime and politics

Criminological thought in ancient india and abroad
Classical school and neoclassical school
Positive school
Cartographic school
Sociological theories
Social structural theories and social process theories
Economic theories of crime
Critical criminology/radical criminology/labelling perspective

Constitutional theories
Body types
Hereditary traits
Endocrine glands
Behaviourist theories
Drives
Motives
Attitudes
Frustrations
Psycho-analytical theories
Psychopathic personality
Mental health and criminal liability
Application of psychology in police,courts and corrections

Criminological research
Importance and types
Research questions and hypotheses
Research design
Sampling
Data collection
Data analysis
Interpretation and report writing
Statistical application in criminological research
Sources of crime statistics in india and crime trends

Social change
Social disorganization and social problems
Victimless crimes
Alcoholism
Drug addiction
Beggary
Commercial sex
Suicide
Family centred crimes
Dowry
Domestic violence
Child abuse
Community problems
Inter-religion and inter-caste tensions and conflicts

Juvenile delinquency
Concept and causes
Pre-delinquency stages
Truancy and vagrancy
U.n. standard minimum rules for juvenile justice
Main features of juvenile justice act
Institutional services
Observation homes
Juvenile homes
Special homes and fit institutions
Juvenile aftercare services

History and theories of punishment
Historical development from punishment to correction and reformation
Prison reform since independence
Types of punishment
Simple and rigorous imprisonment
Capital punishment
Views of abolitionists and retentionists
Current problems and challenges in prison administration
Indeterminate and determinate sentence

Prison system in India
Correctional programmes in jails
Aftercare services for adult and juvenile offenders
Probation
Parole
Concept and historical development
Probation under different laws

Legal approaches
Accustorical and inquisitorial
Substantive and procedural laws
Criminal liability
Strict liability
Indian penal code -general exceptions
Offences agairst property
Criminal procedure code
Cognizable and non-cognizable offences
Bailable and non-bailable
Compoundable and non-compoundable offences
Investigation of crimes
Complaint
F.i.r.
Powers of police officers
Arrest
Search
Seizure
Police custody
Judicial remand and bail
Types of evidence
Admissibility of confession
Dying declaration
Rights of accused
Rights of victims
Rights of women in custody
Rights of prisoners

Victimology
Concept
Origin and Development
Need to study victims
Victim typology
Role of victim in criminal phenomenon
Victim precipitation
U.n. declaration on the basic principles of justice for victims of crime and abuse of power
Victim's rights
Fair access to justice
Restitution
Assistance and compensation
Victim compensation schemes in india
Human rights
Protection of human rights act

Introduction
Theories and concepts
Problems of peace and security
Global security issues
Issues in conflict resolution
Economic, science and technology issues and national security

Micro-economic analysis
Demand analysis
Marshallian
Hicksian and revealed preference approaches
Theory of production and costs
Pricing and output under different forms of market structure
Factor pricing analysis
Elements of general equilibrium and new welfare economics
Determination of output and employment
Classical approach
Keynesian approach
Consumption hypotheses
Demand for money
Fisher and cambridge versions
Approaches of keynesian
Friedman
Patinkin
Baumol and tobin
Supply of money
Determinants of money supply
High-powered money
Money multiplier
Phillips curve analysis
Business cycle
Samuelson’s model
Hicks and kaldor
Macroeconomic equilibrium
Relative roles of monetary and fiscal policies

Development and planning
Economic growth
Economic development and sustainable development
Importance of institutions
Government and markets
Perpetuation of underdevelopment
Vicious circle of poverty
Circular causation
Structural view of underdevelopment
measurement of development conventional
Hdi and quality of life indices
Theories of development
Classical
Marx and schumpeter
Harrod
Domar model
Instability of equilibrium
Neoclassical growth
Solow's model
Steady state growth
Approaches to development
Balanced growth
Critical minimum effort
Big push
Unlimited supply of labour
Unbalanced growth
Low income equilibrium trap
Indicators and and measurement of poverty
Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development
Choice of techniques and appropriate technology
Investment criteria
Elementary idea of cost benefit analysis
Trade and aid
International trade as 'engine of growth'
Globalization and ldc's objectives and role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development techniques of planning
Plan models in india
Planning in a market-oriented economy

Public finance
Role of government in economic activity
Allocation
Distribution and stabilization functions
Private, public and merit goods
The public budgets
Kinds of budgets
Zero-base budgeting
Different concepts of budget deficits
Budgets of the union government in india
Public expenditure
Hypothesis
Effects and evaluation
Public revenue
Different approaches to the division of tax burden
Incidence and effects of taxation
Elasticity and buoyancy
Taxable capacity
Public debt
Burden and its management
Theory and problems of fiscal federalism
Problems of centre state financial relations in india
Fiscal policy
Neutral and compensatory and functional finance
Balanced budget multiplier

International economics
Theories of international trade
Empirical verification and relevance
International trade under imperfect competition
Terms of trade and economic growth
Secular
A critical review of deterioration of terms of trade hypothesis
Equilibrium/disequilibrium in balance of payment
Traditional
Absorption
Monetary approaches for adjustment in the balance of payments
Foreign trade multiplier
Impact of tariffs
Partial and general equilibrium analysis
Political economy of non-tariff barriers
Theory of regionalism at global level
Collapse of bretton wood system
Recent monetary reforms
Trade policy and reforms in india

Indian economy
Basic economic indicators
National income
Performance of different sectors
Trends in prices and money supply
Agriculture
Institutional and technological aspects
New agricultural policy
Industry
New industrial policy and liberalization
Money and banking
Concepts of money supply
Inflation
Monetary policy and financial sector reforms
Public finance
Trends in revenue and expenditures of the central and state governments
Public debt
Analysis of the union budget
Foreign trade
Trends
Balance of payments and trade reforms
Poverty
Unemployment
Migration and environment

Statistical methods
Measures of central tendency
Dispersion
Skewness and kurtosis
Elementary theory of probability
Binomial, poisson and normal distributions
Simple correlation and regression analysis
Applications of statistical inferences
Sampling distributions
Sampling attributes
Testing of hypothesis
Index numbers and time series analysis
Sampling and census methods
Types of sampling and errors

Demand and supply theory
Theory of demand
Axiomatic approach
Demand functions
Consumerbehaviour under conditions of uncertainty
Theory of production
Collusive and non-collusive oligopolies
Different models of objectives of the firm
Baumol
Morris and williamson
Factor pricing
General equilibrium and welfare economics

Economic theories
Keynesian and post keynesian approaches to theory of output and employment
Concept of investment multiplier
Consumption hypotheses
Theories of investment and accelerator
Theories of demand for money
Keynesian and post keynesian <